I. Combine each pair of sentences below, using the conjunction given in parentheses. 1. He is very rich. He isn’t happy. (although) …………………………………………………………………………………………… 2. He is very rich. He isn’t happy. (no matter) …………………………………………………………………………………………… 3. She can’t answer my question. She is very intelligent. (although) …………………………………………………………………………………………… 4. She can’t answer my question. She is very intelligent. (No matter) …………………………………………
Trang 1Adverbial clauses of time
1. When
Chỉ hành động thường xuyên ở hiện tại hoặc liên tục trong hiện tại:
When + S + HTĐ, S + HTĐ
Ex: When it rains hard, I don’t go out
Chỉ 2 hành động xảy ra ở tương lai (khi có liên từ chỉ thời gian, thì tương lai được thay thế bằng hiện tại
đơn => không dùng thì hiện tại đơn sau liên từ):
When + S + HTĐ, S + TLĐ
Ex: When you see him tomorrow, he will wear black glasses
When + S + HTĐ, S + TLTD
Ex: When you come to my house at 9 a.m tomorrow, I will be working in my garden
Nhấn mạnh hành động một xảy ra trước hành động 2( vì có liên từ chỉ thời gian nên tương lai hoàn thành được thay bằng hiện tại hoàn thành)
When + S + HTHT, S + TLĐ
Ex: When I have finished my homework, I will go to the cinema with my boyfriend
Hai hành động xảy ra liên tục trong quá khứ:
When + S + QKĐ, S + QKĐ
Ex: When he opened the door, the dog ran into the house
Chỉ một hành động ngắn, một hành động khác kéo dài trong quá khứ( một hành động đang xảy ra, một hành động khác xen vào):
When + S + QKĐ, S + QKTD
Ex: When he came into the house, his mother was cooking
Chỉ hành động một xảy ra, hành động 2 xảy ra trước( nhấn mạnh hành động 2 xảy ra trước hành động 1)
When + S + QKĐ, S + QKHT
Ex: When he went to her home, she had gone to other man
2. While
Hành động thường xuyên xảy ra ở hiện tại
S + HTĐ + While + S + HTTD
Ex: He usually reads the newspaper while he is working
Hành động sẽ xảy ra ở tương lai
While + S + HTTD, S + TLĐ
Ex: While we are studying tomorrow, our principle will come to see our class
Một hành động đang xảy ra thì một hành động khác chen vào( hành động sau while kéo dài hơn):
While + S + QKTD, S + QKĐ
Ex: He read a magazine while he was waiting for me
Hai hành động cùng xảy ra trong quá khứ
S + QKTD + while + S + QKTD
Ex: While my mother was sewing, my father was watching TV
Trang 23. Before
Khi 2 chủ từ giống nhau
Before + V-ing, S + V
Ex: Before going to bed, I finished my homework
Hành động 2 xảy ra trước hành động 1
Before + S + QKĐ, S + QKHT
Ex: Before go to bed, I had watched TV
Hai hành động ở tương lai
Before + S + HTĐ, S + TLĐ
Ex: Before you come tomorrow, I will go to supermarket to buy some foods
Nhấn hành động 2 xảy ra trước hành động một ở tương lai
Before + S + HTĐ, S + TLHT
Ex: Before the manager comes back next week, I will have finished my report
4. After/ just after
Khi 2 chủ từ trong câu giống nhau
After + V-ing, S + V
Ex: After finishing their work, the officers went home
Nhấn mạnh hành động 2 xảy ra trước hành động một trong quá khứ
After + S + QKHT, S + QKĐ
Ex: After I had brushed my teeth, I went to bed
Hai hành động xảy ra ở tương lai
After+ S+ HTĐ, S+TLĐ
Ex: After he finishes the work tomorrow, he will go home
Nhấn mạnh sự việc một xảy ra trước một sư việc ở tương lai
After+ S+ HTHT, S+TLĐ
Ex: After she has passed the next exam, she will study abroad
5. As soon as/ just as
As soon as + S + HTĐ, please + V 1 ! /don’t V 1
Ex: As soon as he comes, please tell him to meet me!
As soon as + S + QKHT, S + QKĐ
S + QKĐ, S + QKĐ
Ex: As soon as he had got home, the bell rang
As soon as+ S+ HTĐ, S+ TLĐ
Ex: As soon as he passes the exam next month, he will go for holiday
Trang 3 Nhấn mạnh một sự việc hoàn toàn trước một sự việc trong tương lai
As soon as+ S+ HTHT, S+ TLĐ
Ex: As soon as the rain has stopped, we will go out
6. Since
S+ HTHT+ since + S+ QKĐ
We have not seen her yet since she left school
Nhấn mạnh sự việc còn tiếp tục tiếp diễn đến hiện tại
S + HTHT (TD) + since + S + HTHT (TD)
He has been selling the lottery since he has lived in this city
7. By the time: diễn tả một hành động hoàn thành trước một hành động khác Ở mệnh đề chính ta dùng quá
khứ hoàn thành cho hành động trong quá khứ và tương lai hoàn thành cho hành động ở tương lai nhằm nhấn mạnh sự hoàn tất của hành động
By the time + HTĐ, TLHT
By the time + QK, QKHT
Ex: We will have finished our homework by the time they arrive
I had completed mine by the time he has finished his homework
8. Until/ till (cho đến khi): thường dùng hiện tại đơn hay quá khứ đơn trong các mệnh đề
S + will + V bare + until/till + S + V
S + V ed + until + S + V ed
Ex: I will wait until you finish your talk
We waited until he finished his homework
9. No sooner……….than/ hardly……….when( vừa mới….thì đã): dùng cho thì quá khứ và thì hiện tại,
không dùng cho thì tương lai
Với thì quá khứ
No sooner + had + S + V pII + than + S + V ed
Ex: No sooner had we started out for California than it started to rain
= We had no sooner started out for California than it started to rain
Với thì hiện tại (diễn tả thói quen thường xuyên xảy ra)
No sooner + do/does + S + V + than + S+ V
Ex: No sooner does he arrive than he wants to leave
= He no sooner arrives than he wants to leave
Trang 4ADVERBIAL CLAUSES OF TIME
I Choose the best option
1 We’ll wait until she …………
A arrive B arrives C will arrive D has arrive
2 Call Jack as soon as you …………in town
A get B got C has got D had gotten
3 They say that they ……… by 5 o’clock
A arrive B arrives C will arrive D has arrived
4 I’ll think about your suggestion while I ……… for you
A am waiting B was waiting C will be waiting D wait
5 Before Jack leaves N Y, he ………… several new plays
A saw B has seen C had seen D is seeing
6 I always ……… better after I have rested a while
A feel B had feeling C have felt D felt
7 We saw several old friends while we………….in Ho Chi Minh city
A were being B are being C were D has been
8 Raymond……… two new shirts when he was downtown today
a bought B has bought C had bought D was bought
9 After we………… breakfast, we left the house
A have B has had C had had D had been had
10 It……… when I got up this morning
A rained B was raining C was being rained D had rained
11 Mary was not feeling well when she ……… down yesterday
12 Jim………… The light when the doorbell rang
A just has turned out B has just turned down C has just turned out D turned out
13 The salesman was telling me that he……… ten cars last week
A was selling B has sold C had sold D sold
14 Richard left dirty footmarks wherever he………
A go B went C has gone D had Gone
15 I couldn’t play the match because the fog………… too thick
A is B was C was being D had been
16 My father said he ………… here by noon
A will be B would be C is D had been
17 They believe that the police……… The thief
A capture B will capture C captured D would capture
18 Miss Snow swears that she ……… that man before
A has never seen B never has seen C had never seen D was never seen
19 The teacher asked ………… to school the day before
A to Bill why had he not go B Bill why he hasn’t gone
C Bill why had he gone D Bill why he hadn’t gone
20 Do you know that Mr Bang………… at this school since 1993
A taught B had taught C has taught D is teaching
21 She ………… the piano since she ……… ten years old
A has played / was B had played/ was C played/ was D has played / has been
22 Mount Everest ………a height of 8, 848 meters
A reach B reaches C is reaching D are reaching
23 The Earth ………around the sun in approximately 365 days
A travels B travel C is traveling D are traveling
24 They ……….a business trip next Sunday
A take B takes C is taking D are taking
25 I ………… to a strict diet this month
Trang 5A keep B keeps C am keeping D is keeping
26 ………… Robbie Williams ………….Britain this summer?
A is / touring B are / touring C does / tour D do / tour
27 She ………the instruction She ……….confused
A isn’t understanding / looks B doesn’t understand / look
C isn’t understanding / look D doesn’t understanding / looks
28 The man felt down while he ……… toward the train
A run B runs C was running D had run
29 We ……… there when our father came back from the USA
A still lived B lived still C was still living D were still living
30 When I last saw her , she ………in Paris
A has lived B is living C was living D has been living
31 We ………… him since last Saturday
A don’t see B have not seen C did not see D had not seen
32 My mother ……….for you since last Sunday
A is looking B was looking C has been looking D looked
33 The book is so long that I …………
A haven’t finished it yet B haven’t finished it already
C still have finished it D still have not finished it already
34 Where is the new stove that you bought yesterday? – The color didn’t match so I ……….it to the store
A return B had returned C returned D did returned
35 How are you feeling? – I have been feeling better since the doctor ………
A has came B will come C had come D came
36 When I ……… the washing up yesterday , I ………….a plate
A did / broke B was doing / broke C was doing / was breaking D did / was breaking
37 While Tom ………the piano last night , his mother ……….the cleaning
A playing / did B playing / doing C was playing / was doing D played / did
38 He ………….some juice then he …………a few chips for breakfast yesterday
A drinks / eats B was drinking / was eating C was drinking / ate D drank / ate
39 I ………….dinner yesterday evening when I suddenly I ………a loud bang
A Had / heard B was having / heard C was having / was hearing D had / was hearing
40 When my father ………… in the garden last Sunday , an old friend ………….by to see him
A worked / passed B worked / was passing C was working / was passing D was working / passed
41 Every day , she …………to class , ………….out her textbook and ………… to learn
A goes / takes / begin B goes / takes / begins C went / took / began D had gone / took / began
42 Yesterday it rained hard When it …………to rain , our dog …………to come inside
A begins / wants B began / was wanting C begun / wanted D began / wanted
43 While Jane ……….a language course in Ireland , she ……… Blarney Castle
A did / visits B was doing / was visiting C was doing / visited D does / visited
44 While I ……… on the way home two days ago , I …………an old friend
A was / saw B was being / saw C was being / was seeing D was / was seeing
45 I really ………… what they …………about
A don’t understand / talked B did not understand / were talking
C understanding / talking D did not understand / talking
46 When we ………young , we always ………….the Christmas tree on Christmas Day
A were / decorated B were being / decorated C were / decorate D were / were decorating
47 I ………… the guitar when she ………….home
A were practicing / comes B was practicing / came C practiced / came D was practicing / come
48 When I ……… my friends , they …………monopoly
A phoned / were playing B phoned / playing C phoning / playing D phoned / play
49 The children………… in the garden when it suddenly ………to rain
A was playing / began B were playing / began C played / began D played / was beginning
50 While ……….sightseeing , my sisters ……… photographs
Trang 6A was going / was taking B was going / were taking C went / took D went / take
51 Cindy and James ……… dinner while Rebecca ……….Start Trek
A were making / was watching B were making / was watched C made / watched D making / watching
52 Last night we ………TV when the power ………
A were watching / failed B were watching / was failing C watched / was failing D watched / failed
53 Last week , while my parents ……….in the garden , their friend ………to invite them to go to the concert
A worked / called B was working / called C were working / called D had worked / called
54 We asked the librarian for the book that the professor … while he … his lecture on the history of World War II
A had recommended / had been giving B had been recommending / had given
C recommended / given D would recommend / was giving
55 We were watching TV while mother …………dinner
A had cooked B was cooking C would cook D has cooked
56 The train ………… the station when I arrived
A has already left B had already left C left D would left
57 Please tell me the way to the bank! Go until you…… to a crossroad, then turn left and you…… it in the right
A will come / will find B come / find C come / will find D will come / find
58 What had he said before he………for Hanoi
A leaves B had left C left D would leave
59 He said he would give me a nice present when he ………… back
A would come B will come C came D had come
60 When I ………here for twenty years, I will get a pension
A have worked B worked C will work D will have worked
61 They ………… table tennis when their father comes back home tomorrow
A will play B will be playing C play D would play
61 We to Montreal last May and many lobsters because they were very cheap
A went / has eaten B went / ate C goes/ ate D had gone/ had eaten
62 I this ring as I _ in the garden
A found/ dug B was finding/ was digging C found / had dug D found/ was digging
63 I some bricks and I am going to build a garage
A bought B had bought C have bought D am going to buy
64 I an hour, then for my drink and left
A have waited/ paid B waited / paid C have been waiting/paid D was waiting/ paying
65 It’s high time you to study seriously
A begin B began C did begin D would begin
66 I called on her yesterday; she _a meal at that time
A cooked B had cooked C was cooking D would cook
67 I wish you you any longer
A will stay B can stay C could stay D stay
68 They were too late The plane _off ten minutes earlier
A took B has taken C had taken D was taking
69 When here? – I here since August 25th
A did you come/was B have you come/was C you came/ have been D did you come/ have been
70 He walking for several hours and was very tired
A is B has been C began D had begin
71 He said he _not sure he come
A did/ could B does/ can C was / could D was / can
72 I recognize his face, but _remember his name
A can’t/ didn’t B could / didn’t C did / can’t D can / don’t
73 You look very tired – I papers all days
A have been marking B had been marking C am marking D had marked
74 When I met Tom yesterday, it was the first time I _ him since Christmas
A had seen B have seen C saw D see
75 He for a job for some weeks before he found one
Trang 7A is looking B looks C would have been looking D had been looking
76 By the time the book is finished, he _an agent
A finds B will find C will have found D found
77 He on the beach when he _a noise
A sat/ heard B was sitting/ heard C sat / was hearing D was sitting/ heard
78 Margaret didn’t remember what I her the day before
A would tell B had told C had been told D told
79 We discussed the problem but we _ a final decision
A don’t reach B didn’t reach C hadn’t reach D haven’t
80 In five years’ time, I _ in my home town
A will work B will be working C will have taught D an going to work
81 After I at the bus terminus, I found a crowd of schoolboys
A have arrived B arrived C had arrived D had been arriving
82 I as soon as I have finished my work
A come B will come C will have come D will have been coming
83 By the time he finishes his college, his parents $ 25.000 on his education
A will spend B is spending C will be spending D will have spent
84 Next Sunday she _ exactly 30 years old
A will be B is going to be C will have been D will be being
85 By next spring, they four houses in that field
A will be building B will have been building C will have been built D will build
86 We are too late The plane ……… off ten minutes ago
A has taken B took C had taken D was taken
87 How …………since we …………school?
A are you/ left B have you been/ have left C were you/ left D have you been/ left
88 After he - his driving test he bought a car
A had passed B pass C passed D passing
89 When I got to the office, I - that I had forgot to lock the door
A realized B had realized C realize D have realized
90 When she was 21 she - across the United States
A drove B drive C driven D was driving
91 I’m sorry I don’t understand what -
A you say B you’re saying C you will say D you would say
92 - to the radio when you get up everyday?
A Do you listen B Are you listening C Was you listening D Did you listen
93 When the phone rang she - a letter
A writes B will write C has written D was writing
94 As the sun - I decided to go out
A shines B has shone C shine D was shining
95 I - your uncle tomorrow, so I’ll give him your note
A have seen B shall have seen C see D am going to see
95 - study hard when you were at school?
A Must you B Had you C Did you have to D Were you
97 She is tired because she - all day
A is studied B has been studying C had been studying D studied
98 While the waiter was picking up the broken plates, he - his finger
A cut B was cutting C had cut D cuts
99 They - to the theatre twice so far this month
A are going B go C went D have been
100 I’ve bought a new computer, I to learn to use it
A will learn B will have learned C am going to learn D will be learning
101 By this time next year, I for him 20 years
A will work B will have been working C will have worked D will be working
Trang 8102 When summer comes, we _on holiday
A are going B will do C will be going D will have gone
103 By this time next year, I $ 300.000
A will save B will bee saving C will have saved D will have been saving
104 In 50 years’ time we _ entirely on pills
A will live B will be living C will have lived D will have been living
105 They _ for 3 hours when the storm suddenly broke
A had been running B have been running C are running D will be running
106 By this time next summer, you _ your studies
A completes B will complete C are completing D will have completed
107 When Carol _ last night, I my favorite show on television
A was calling / watched B called / have watched C called / was watching D had called / watched
108 By this time next summer, you _ your studies
A completes B will complete C are completing D will have completed
109 When I him tomorrow, I will tell him about that
A meet B meeting C met D shall meet
110 She me anything about that problem so far
A is not telling B does not tell C will not tell D has not told
111 I think that everything ready for the project procedure by the end of next month
A will have been B has been C had been D is
112 Be quiet! Someone at the front door I it
A is knocking / will answer B knocks / am answering
C has knocked / am going to answer D will knock / have answered
113 They enthusiastically when their teacher in
A discuss / comes B will have discussed /comes
C will discuss / will come D were discussing / came
II Give the correct verb tense in brackets
1 When I (arrive)……….… this house, he still (sleep)………
2 The light (go out)……… … when we (have)……… dinner
3 Bill (have)……….… breakfast when I (stop)……… at this house this morning
4 As we (cross)……… the street, we (see) ……… …an accident
5 Tom (see)……… … a serious accident while he (stand)……… at the bus stop
6 While my father (read)……… the newspaper, I (learn)………….… my lesson and my sister (do)………
… her homework
7 The children (play) football when their mother (come)……… back home
8 The bell (ring)……… while Tom (take)……… a bath
9 I (be)………… … tired because I (work)……… all day yesterday
10 While I (walk)……… along the street, I ( see)……….… an old friend
11 I (wait)……….… for two hours, but she (not come)……… yet
12 He (not, be)……… here since Christmas, I wonder where he (live)……… since then
13 You (sleep)……… so far.? I (ring)……… the bell for the last twenty minutes
14 He (write) ……….….a novel for two years, but he (not/ finish) ……….yet
15 Mary (lose)……… her hat and she (look)………for it until now
16 How many times you (see)……… him since he (go)……….… to Edinburgh?
17 We (be)……….… from France We (be)……….… there for 20 years
18 Mr Green (teach)……… … English in this school since he (graduate) ………… from the university in 1986
19 They (go)……… home after they (finish) ……… their work
Trang 920 She said that she (already, see)……… … Dr Rice.
21 When we came to the stadium, the match ( already, begin)………
22 They told me they (not, eat)……… such kind of food before
23 After he (go)………, we (sit)……… down and (rest)………
24 After taking a bath, he (go)……… … to bed
25 Before Alice (go)……… to sleep, she (call) ……… her family
26 He (teach)……… in this school before he (leave)……… for England
27 When John and I got to the theatre, the movie (start)……… already
28 We will go out when the rain (stop)……….……
29 I (stay)……….… here until he (answer)……….… me
30 Wait until I (catch)……….… you
31 Miss Allen (help)……… … you as soon as she (finish)……… that letter tomorrow
32 I (wait) ………here until you (come)……… back tomorrow
33 Don’t leave until you (see)……… her
34 John (lose) ……… the key when he (play) ………football
35 I’ll wait until he (write) ……….his next story
36 I (watch) ……….TV when Tony (phone) ……….last night
37 I realized that someone (steal) ………….my wallet when I (feel) ……….their hand in my jacket pocket
38 The play (start) ……… when we (arrive) ……… at the theater last Sunday
39 Soon after I (apply)………for a job with the United Nations two years ago, I (hire) ………
40 After he (graduate) ………from university, he joined the army
41 We went to sing after we (have) ……… a wonderful party
42 I (make) ……… a report when you entered the hall
43 Many people (die) …………of malaria, smallpox before vaccination was invented in the 19th century
44 While I (wait) ……… for him, he was having a good time in the bar
45 No sooner……… I (complain) …………that I (not hear) ……… from them than the letter (come) ………
46 I felt very tired when I got home, so I (go) ………straight to bed
47 By the time the manager came back, I (type) ………… all the reports
48 Susan (work) ………… as a nurse for three years before her marriage
49 You should always (leave) ………your key at the reception desk when you go out
82 Tom (work) ……….in the garden while I (sit) ……… ………in the sun
83 As I (walk) ……… down the street I (meet) ………Charlie
84 While he (read) ……… the letter he (hear) ……… a knock at the door
85 She (drop) ……… the tray when I (speak) ……….to her
90 Ed usually (stay) ………….in hotel when he (come) ………….in town, but tonight he (stay) ………with us
97 She (have) ……… dinner before she (go) ……….to class
98 The boy (do)………… the homework after The TV program (finish) ………
99 Sam (not want) ……….anything to eat because she (have) ………….… lunch on the plane
100 We (not go) ……… to see the film because we (already see) ………….… it
Trang 10ADVERBIAL CLAUSES OF TIME
I Choose the best option
1 We’ll wait until she …………
A arrive B arrives C will arrive D has arrive
2 Call Jack as soon as you …………in town
A get B got C has got D had gotten
3 They say that they ……… by 5 o’clock
A arrive B arrives C will arrive D has arrived
4 I’ll think about your suggestion while I ……… for you
A am waiting B was waiting C will be waiting D wait
5 Before Jack leaves N Y, he ………… several new plays
A saw B has seen C had seen D is seeing
6 I always ……… better after I have rested a while
A feel B had feeling C have felt D felt
7 We saw several old friends while we………….in Ho Chi Minh city
A were being B are being C were D has been
8 Raymond……… two new shirts when he was downtown today
a bought B has bought C had bought D was bought
9 After we………… breakfast, we left the house
A have B has had C had had D had been had
10 It……… when I got up this morning
A rained B was raining C was being rained D had rained
11 Mary was not feeling well when she ……… down yesterday
A fall B fell C felt D feel
12 Jim………… The light when the doorbell rang
A just has turned out B has just turned down C has just turned out D turned out
13 The salesman was telling me that he……… ten cars last week
A was selling B has sold C had sold D sold
14 Richard left dirty footmarks wherever he………
A go B went C has gone D had Gone
15 I couldn’t play the match because the fog………… too thick
A is B was C was being D had been
16 My father said he ………… here by noon
A will be B would be C is D had been
17 They believe that the police……… The thief
A capture B will capture C captured D would capture
18 Miss Snow swears that she ……… that man before
A has never seen B never has seen C had never seen D was never seen
19 The teacher asked ………… to school the day before
A to Bill why had he not go B Bill why he hasn’t gone
C Bill why had he gone D Bill why he hadn’t gone
20 Do you know that Mr Bang………… at this school since 1993
A taught B had taught C has taught D is teaching
21 She ………… the piano since she ……… ten years old
A has played / was B had played/ was C played/ was D has played / has been
22 Mount Everest ………a height of 8, 848 meters
A reach B reaches C is reaching D are reaching
23 The Earth ………around the sun in approximately 365 days
A travels B travel C is traveling D are traveling
24 They ……….a business trip next Sunday
A take B takes C is taking D are taking
25 I ………… to a strict diet this month