Stand out 1 grammar challenge

»¿J Write the correct form of the verb be in each sentence.. ^j9 Write the correct form of the verb in parentheses in each sentence.. CHALLENGE 6 *- Wh- questions with present continuous

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CHALLENGE 2 * Prepositions of direction and location

On, at, ir, from, around, across from

He lives on my street

The bus station is on Grand Street

The post office ¡s on the right.

The garage is on the córner.

l'm at work/home/school.

Are you at the post office?

He's at 25 Main Street.

Gabriela's famüy lives in Buenos Aires.

The tennis courts are in the park.

There's a dentist's office in the malí.

From the office, go straight on Linden.

The bank is around the córner from the supermarket.

The library is across from City Hall.

o Write the best preposition (around, across from, on, at, in, or from) to complete the

sentences There may be more (han one answer.

EXAMPLE: We likc the gardens in the park.

1 Do you likc the bookstore the malí?

2 My family uves México City

3 The DMV is Third Avenue

4 Cinbriela's not here Shc is work

5 Do vou live a small town?

11 \Ve work _._ 1 4 NUiple Street

12 I work the park

J Match the sentence on the left vwth a picture on the right Write the letter ín the blank.

I-XAMPLE: The square is bctween two circles j?

1 The square goes to the right.

2 The eirele moves to the left.

3 The eircle is on the córner.

4 The arrow gocs around the córner.

5 The square is across froni the eircle.

1 am waiting Are you waiting?

She ¡s waitíng Is she waiting?

We are waiting Are we waiting?

Simple present tense

1 like music

We don't have your phone number

Do you know Marcia?

Where do they Uve?

He likes music

She doesn't have your phone number

Does he know Marcia?

Where does she live?

• The third person singular usually adds an s to the verb

• Use does for negative and questíon forms in the third person singular

• Use do with 1, you, we, and they

• Non-count nouns take a singular verb

Some milk is in the refrigerator Her hair is straight Music makes me happy

»¿J Write the correct form of the verb be in each sentence.

¡•'.XAMIM.li: Thcre Js a inuscum next to thc post office.

1 Mv tricnd waitinu on the córner 7 Who the nackaee tor?

2 Thcv rcadini; (he eitv map.

3 \Vc standiiiü on the riuht.

8 (jabriela'.s phone numbcr hcre.

9 I on O.ik StreiM?

-J The post office next to the hostel 10 vou wntiiiü a lelterí"

3 1 ío\ much the cotice?

6 l'hosc stores on Main Street.

1 1 Thcre mail lor vou.

1 2 \w much tríese shocs?

^j9 Write the correct form of the verb in parentheses in each sentence Be careful of

spelling changes

•XAMIM H: f p a v ) 1 ahvavs pay cash at the supennarkct.

1 (sell, ne^ative) Dexter Books

2 l s t i v ) Mv hoss rarelv

3 ¡ y o ) \Vhere vou usuallv

I (be, nenativc; 1 ler hair

T ( cali) Mv niother

(S ( keep } In Japan, people

7 :li\\'i the líamire/ tamilv

S ( teaJí) Mv broiher

maps.

in a hotel.

shonniíii:' brown.

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CHALLENGE 8 Parts of speech

Part of speech Definítion Examples

noun

adjective

verb

a person, place or thing

a word that describes a noun

an action or a state of being

Roberto, México, house, catblue, tall, expensive, heavy

is, have, do, eat

• Sometimes a word can be both a noun and a verb

I want a cold drink (noun) i drink coffee in the morning (verb)

j Complete each sentence about grammar with the word nouns, verbs, or adjectives.

I'.XAMI'l.h: Wc usu.illv add an s to _ nouns to make t h e m p l u r a l

1 liave d i l i e r e n t tenses.

2 A n i e l e s come bel ore

.í „ agree w i t h tlie subject of the sentence.

•} have c o m p a r a t i v o forms.

5 describe nouns.

0> \Ve can add \ to tu f o r m a posscssive ,id)ecti\'e.

m¿J Identify the underlined parts of speech: adjective (a), noun (n), or verb (v).

n v a n

KXAMI'I.H: Sonie i e o k sK^e^ in a l a r o hixiroom.

lib; LLlilk:^? d i i m e r in the k i t c h e n

2 My hn-.u]ic_r takes a sh(vwer in the smail bathrooni.

3 The house has ílve beelrooms.

4 The w h i t e oír is in the green garage.

5 The mover pul the cofiee table in the haU.

d The brollicrs n_eed to bu y lurnitiire for the honsc.

7 lohii and jan_e \vant tu reñí a iiew house but it is very expensive.

S The cat is under the sufa in the l i v i n q ro_orn.

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The ball is in front of the box.

The ball ¡s next to the box Q ] O The ball is behind the box.

Use prepositions to talk about where thíngs are

Complete the sentences with a preposition from the chart above.

I - X A M 1 M 1': Tlie eloek is over the desk The dc.sk is under the dock.

I The ch.nr is bebí mi llu' table The lable ¡s the chair

1 The book is umler (he lamp The lamp is the book.

.'< The sdf.i is unJer the p.iintini; '['lie p.nntini; is the sota.

-I I'he sola is ne\ lo tlie lamp The lamp is ncxt to the table The lamp is the sofá

and the lable.

Complete the sentences with the best preposition.

A B

HNAMIM.h: VVhi-re is ( " a r m e n ? Slie is _ (he.livinsí room A in B on 9 O

1 U'lK'iv is ihe i !(K LMfs (he l e t r i ^ e r a t o r A in B over Q Q

2 \\'here is ihe teiepiíoneí' It\_ tlie l'\ aiul the coniputer A between B over O O

i \\Iu-iv is the : r a s h t a n r ll\_ ihe lab e A over B tinde: Q Q

•1 \ V h e i e is t h e l.uiipr ll\e sola A between B next v O O

5 U'hetv iré t h e !lm\ei sM'he\ are _ l lie piano A t)n B bctwt'vr O O

(t \\1iere are tiie shoes? I lie\ are (he bed A over B undc: O O

CHALLENGE 6 *- Wh- questions with present continuous tense

Question word Verb Subject Verb + -ing ¿Example

What

Where

Who

amisare

o Unscramble the words to make wh- questions.

l-XAMPLE: is / she / doing / what

1 is / wearing / what / she

2 tiiey / what / watching / are

3 waiting / I / why / am

4 you / are / where / staying

5 going / where / she / is

6 the / writing / is / who / letter

7 you / where / living / are

8 are / you / what / saying

9 exercisc / is / who / doing / the

10 where / working / they / are

What is she doing?

Write questions for the answers provided.

F.XAMPLE: What is she weariny?

She is wtMring a retí auit

! ,im p a i n t i n g the house

They are ailliiii; their pareñís

We are going to the rnoviev

He is eating ,1 sandwich

I am staying ¡n Xew York

They are studying 1-jnglish becausethey want to go to eollege

Yon are renting an a p a r t m e n t lie is buving a new house

They are talking to an agenl

She is lookiim at the ad

CHALLENGE 5 - Yes/no questions with present continuous tense

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l'm studying hard

You're working late

We're waiting for him

They're making a budget

He's calling his brother

She's writing a letter

It's playing outside

Am 1 studyíng hard?

Are you working late?

Are we waiting for him?

Are they making a budget?

Is he calling his brother?

Is she writing a letter?

Write pronouns and the correct form of the verb be Use contractions if possíble.

K X A M P I K : Is Rieko rcading a newspaper?

5fte"5 reading a book.

No, she isn't

Roberto checking the phone bilí?

No, calculating the Utilities bilí

Ves,

Mr and Mrs Smith looking at the classified ads?

dreaming about a new home

3 ' we choosing new life insuranec?

No, _ - choosing new car ¡nsurance

4 I making a lot o i" noise?

Yes, _ Picase be quict I studying

5 the cat sleeping in the window?

No, sleeping under the coffee tablc

o you and your h u s b a n d renting an apartment?

_ buying a mobile home.

Use the words to form questions in the present continuous.

Are vou Qoina to the park?

HXAMlM.r.: you / go / to the park

1 the mailman / walk / up the driveway

2 you / put / tooil / in the refrigerator

3 Van / eheek / the budgel

4 Carmen / make / an appointment

? thev / enlcrtain / guests

fi we / bu\ / a housc

to the negative form of be

one form, but the other pronouns have two

1

She is not

It is notYou are not

isn'tisn't

It isn'tYou aren't

We aren't

Contraction 2

l'm notHe's notShe's notYou're notWe're not

Complernentmaking a budget.renting an apartment.talking to her sister.eating today

listening to me.thinking about it.looking for a house

Rewrite each sentence ¡n the negative using the pronoun ¡n pa.entheses.

Use the ful! form.

not calling their friends.

3 Rewrite each sentence using Contraction 2.

^1PLE : I an, no, calculating my expenses jM*WMmy expenses,

, XVc are not making more money these days

1 She is not making an appomtment.

* T"h7v m- not talking on the front P«rch

, notchoosingfurniíure for the ncw house.

, Yugare not painting the kitchcn

CHALLENGE 3 > Spelling of present continuous

Verb Spelling rule Present Present continuous

most verbs

verbs that end in e

one syllable verbs that end in

consonant-vowel-consonant

verbs w¡th more than one syllable that

end in consonant-vowel-consonant

and the stress ís on the last syllable

verbs that end in ie

Add -ing

Drop the e and add -íng

Double the consonantand add -ing

Exception: Don't double

w, x, and y

Double the finalconsonant, and add-ing

Change the ie to y andadd -íng

work write sit buy admit

lie

working writing sitting buying admitting

lying

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It's the end of the month Silvia and Roberto are taking care of their finances.

Fíll in the blanks with the present continuous forra of the verbs in parentheses.

I - X A M l ' L i ; : Silvia and Roberto

Roberto is at the bank He

He

-QfeJoJung-(take)

care of their monev iodav

some moncy in his savings account

t.ikc

(1 dc'posil)money out ot hi.s checkinij account The bank is busy todav.'A lot of people

in line Two bank cmployees the d i t t e r c n t k i n d s of bank

about his expenses

Silvia is at lióme She and her son

some u t i l i t v bilis Rii;ht now she

Write the correct spelling of the present continuous form of the verb.

7 \-isit

«• tif _

9 liej;i]i _

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[ Housing

_ § CHALLENGE 2 > Present continuous

•C:^^! Subject Be Vefb + ing

He/She/lt is sleeping

I Y o u / W e / í h e y are working

Examples:

^ 1 am (l'm) saving money You are (You're) entertaining guests

J% He is (He's) talking to a friend We are (We're) painting the room

She is (She's) paying the rent They are (They're) looking at the ad

I t t i s (It's) barking outside

The present continuous describes activities or states that are continuing now

Don't use the present continuous with non-action verbs:

like, love, hate, understand, know, need, want, have

Some exceptions: l'm havingfun She is having breakfast They are having a party

J Write the correct form of the present continuous in the story about Silvia,

•\MPLE: íwork) I am WQltíng M »iv desk.

(do) I > }', mv Enulish homework ri^hl now.

(look) Mv desk is ncar the window I oul the window now.

j íplav) Some childryn socar m me park.

(waitl A man añd,a woman tor the bus.

íwash) Mr Acfamí his car.

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(sleen) A doc ' f on the neighbor's porch.

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j Read the story about Roberto' s moving day Rewrite each sentence with a pronoun,

making a contraction with be as in the example.

i'/ -*,

\MPL)Eí Silviaanp I are moving to the new apartment IVe'femowno ío the new apartment.

Yon and T nro nuttfnp fiírnifnrp in the livinp room.

Some friendo are hrlnitip me.

Jnnn is -arrvinn henvy bmces un the st,iir«;

r.nrln i^ piittillí' rlnthcs in her bp^rrtnm

Silvia and her mother are making a líst.

My cousins are fixing a lamp.

The doo is looking for its favorite sofá.

M\ familv and I are enjoying our new home.

4 Housing

CHALLENGE 1 There is, there are

Example

There is furniture in the apartment.

There's a car in the garage.

There are schools in the neighborhood.

Explanation

Use there ís with singular count nouns

and non-count nouns

There's is the contraction for there is.

Use there are with plural nouns.

• Use there is and there are to introduce new topics into a conversation and to talk about

where things are There is and there are are often used with prepositional phrases.

Question

Is there a car ¡n the garage?

Are there schools in the neighborhood?

x How many schools are there?

Answer Yes, there ís.

Yes, there are.

No, there isn't

No, there aren't.

There are three schools.

• Questions with there is and there are can have short answers.

• Use there are with how many to ask for ¡nformation.

Carmen is talking to a real estáte agent Write questions and short answers

there is and there are to complete the conversation.

1LXAMPI.E: Carmen: I low many bedrooms _ are there ?

Agent: There are thrce bedrooms.

with

1 Carmen: How many bathrooms are there?

Agent: two bathrooms.

It's vcry big.

children in the building?

dogs in the building?

You can't kcep pcts.

a park near the apartment?

ít has a swimming pool

furniture in the apartment?

You need to buy furniture

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•i> I I ICarmen: I want lo see the apartment.

Agent: ("orne soon. many people lookíng at it

Do you bríng your lunch or (do you) buy your lunch?

Does she walk to the store or (does she) drive to the store?

Does she like potatoes or (does she Hke) tomatoes?

Do they use credit cards or (do they use) cash?

Answer

We buy our lunch.She walks to the store.She likes potatoes.They use cash

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Use or in questions to give a choice and clarify information.

VÍV Complete the questions using the words in parentheses.

EXAMPLE: (mustard / ketchup) Do you want mustard or ketchup _ on your hot dog?

1 (tómalo / chicken) Do you want soup?

2 (hoiled / fried) Do you like potatoes?

3 (hot / iccd) Do you want lea?

4 (buy / makc) Do you your lunch?

9 Wríte questions using the words in parentheses.

EXAMPLE: they / eat / eggs / cereal / for breakfast

Do they eat eygs or cereal for breakfast?

1 the childrcn / want / ketchup / mustard / on their hamburgers

2 Tran / go / to a restauran! / to the cafeteria / for lunch

3 Sebastien and Robcrt / eat / lunch / together / alone

4 she / heat / water / on the stove / in the microwave

5 Duong / hate / coffee / love / coffee

6 Dave / eat / a big breakfast / a small breakfast

U N I T

Food

CHALLENGE 7 How much? How many?

Example

How much coffee do we have?

How many cookies do we have?

Explanation Use how much and how many to ask about amounts.

Use much for non-count nouns and many for

Q: How much are the oranges?

A: They are (They're) 50 cents each.

Use how much to ask about prices.

Use is and it with singular nouns and non-count nouns.

Use are and they with plural nouns.

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FíU in the blanks with How much or How many.

l i X A M I M l l : tíowmany — _ ^Ps of coffee do you drink?

3

4.

8.

fruit does she want?

m i l k does your daughter drink?

inoney do yon spend on food?

vending machines are therc?

time do we have to eat?

bottles of water does she necd?

sandwiches do yon make?

sonp does she want?

Write /s or are in the questions about Food City Write i'f's or they're in the answers.

EXAMPUi: Hmv m u c h /5 the yogurt?

1 I low nnich the onions?

the orante juice?

those c.ins ot lima?

/ v

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, rFOOd y

•f

K ^^1 Use imperatives Affirmative

| to give instructions Choose a number

to make a request Buy milk, please

(Add please to be polite.)

to make a command Eat your vegetables

Don't eat ¡n the library, please.Don't put your feet on the table

• When using the imperatíve, the subject you is understood

V1PLE: Help vour sister make dinner.

the server about the menú 6.

the shopping list 7.

my bowl 8.

to your parents 9.

eggs in the microwave 10.

don't put don't eat

candv all d.iv.

the carrots in half.

a check for the food.

the dog to the restauran! pennies in the vendinti machine.

I Silvia is getting ready for a party Read the instructions she gives her children

Fill in the imperatives Use the negative form when indicated

V1FLE: Don't watch TV now.

(watch, negative)

d vour help Please the rué and \our rooms.

(1 vacuum) (2 clean) (3 eat, ncyative) lacks in the living room eggs, milk and bread the food at the

(4 buy)

;nience store to Food Citv.

(6.go) (7 Pee!)

a salad and (9 make} (lO.wash) (ll.drain)

the table the blue plates Use ( 1 2 set) ( 1 3 use, negative}

prettv napkins on some nice clothes.

(15 put)

(5 buy, negative) and the potatoes.

(S.whip) the lettuce first Then

the white plates.

(14 choose)

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CHALLENGE 5 Comparative adjectives

Rule Simple form Comparative form

One syllable adjectives: add -er

Other adjectives with two syllables

or more: add more

Exceptions

Spelling changes:

For one '¿yllable adjectives, add -r

if the adjective already ends ¡n e

For words that end in consonant +

vowel + consonant, double the

last letter and add -er

cheapexpensive

good

bad

largethin

Apples are cheaper than oranges

Food City is more expensive thanPuente Market

This cake is better than that cake

The food ¡s worse than the sen/ice

The blue plates are larger thanthe yellow plates

l'm thinner than my mother

• Use the comparative form of adjectives to compare two people or things

• The comparative has two forms: (adjective) + -er than or more (adjective) than.

• -

Some students are taiking about the food at school Write the comparative form of

the adjective \a,

c\

jr t I 1 " • ' f

expensive) Roast beef is 1 than hot

KXAM1MT.: (deliciou.s) The sp.ighelti i.s more delidous

2, (che.ip) Tho pótalo chips aro

3 ( t r e s h ) l'he salad

than the French-tfu's

•t (lari;e) The cheeseburger is

5 I i;oiul) The tood is

fi ¡Í1ÍLX') Tliu (aillos musido aro

than the fruit cup

than the hamburger

7 (bii:) The sodas in the cafoloi'ia aro

N í p n l i t e ) llio servers he re aro

l) (sweot ) This oandv is

at lunch trun aujinner

_^_^^_ than the tablcs inside.'

than the sodas from tho vendmg machijthan ihe servcrs at m^-nther school

10 ( b a t í ) This oatoioria is terrible TWe p¡//a i.s

s i n a l l ) Tho portions aro _ /

/ /

(hot) Tho coltoo in tho oatot

than/thal candy.

than the spághetti.

lunch than at dinncr

cotfee

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CHALLENGE 4 >• Review: Yes/no questions with be and simple

present tense

You put mustard on hot dogs

He puts mustard on hot dogs

Do you put mustard on hot dogs?

poes he put mustard on hot dogs?

Short Answer

Yes, 1 do.

No, he doesn't.

The jar is open

The bananas are good

Is the jar open?

Are the bancas good?

_ Duong eat a big lunch?

Scbastien and Natasha in the cafeteria?

_^_^_ you and your fricnds eat beef?

F.va at the supermarket?

Rosa drink coffee at night?

you eat breakfast with your family?

^ it a good idea to bring your lunch?

the bags of pótalo chips for the party?

Ves,No,Ves,No,No,No,Ves,Ves,

Use the words to form a question Use be as the main verb if no verb is given.

F.XAMPLFS: avocados / cxpensive / in winter Are avocados expensive in winter?

your children / eat / vegetables Do your children eat vegetables?

1 the tacos / come / with salsa

V

2 the ingredients / on the table

3 I / peed / more rrjoncy / for dinner

' ' i - —*- i •'.

4 Van / need./ a bottle of water

5 the box of cookies / cnipty

6 the eggs / fresh

CHALLENGE 3 Review: Simple present tense

Choose the correct word to complete each sentence Fill in the correct bubble

completely.

A M l ' l I:.: Siie _ m i l k in her eol'tee

Piiong l u i u l i ¡rom a t r u e l ;

i cookics at lióme.

We m i l k lor our u>l!ee.

Sehaslien and 1 hioni; o u t

her Jiildren eandy.

a s a i l d u u h to sJiool.

ihe \ e i u l i m ; maehine.

h e a l l l i v k i n e h e v

AAAAAAAAAAA

n

put

•grt don't buy don't don't take

use

ha ve

catgive

choose don't peel

tense

puts

• gcts doesn't ha ve

buys doesn't eat doesn't give takes uses ehooses doesn't need peéisgiven

A

O o o o

o

o o

o

o o o

B

•

o o o

o

o o o

! ' help ' < iahriela's hu^hand

1 u;o! Auiuistm _ _ _ ¡o P u e n t e Market on Sunday.

* ( ha ve, ilegal i \! '! h i s lee ere.MU nuts.

4 i \ v a i n , iK'u.itr, e • \ \ ketchup on our chee.seburgers

? í m a k c ! K o b e r t o aiul lus J i i l d r e n dinner on Salurday

Simple present tense 1

YouWeThey

He doesn't want milk

SheIt

\

A cartón of eggs is in the refrigerator.

Two cartons of eggs are in the refrigerator.

A bottle of milk ís in the refrigerator.

Two bottles of milk are in the refrigerator.

a slice of pizza, a loaf of bread,

a piece of cake, a cup of coffee,

a bowl of soup, a píate of food

Fill in the blanks with a container from the box There may be more than one answer

^ 1 1 a'^>*K:-a ^

jar bag

of n n n t s

oí p¡L'klcs

oí ccie.ilo! nia\'onnaisc

ot vomirt

ot oniom

A cartón of milk is on the Two bags of apples aréon the tatffe.

What is on the table? Follow the pattern to mak

F.XAMPLES: cartón / milk

two / bag / apples

1 thrce / package / ground meat

2 two / jar / peanut butter

3 package / cheese

4 two / bag / chips

5 six / slíce / pizza

6 two / bowl / potatoes

7 jar / spaghetti sauce

8 four / bottle / cola

9 piale / roast beef

10 two / cup / tea

no number is given.

CHALLENGE 1 Count and non-count nouns

Example

An apple is on the table.

Apples are delícious.

Explanation Count nouns are things that are sepárate (you can count them) They have a singular and a plural form.

The verb must agree w'rth the subject

Bread is on the table Non-count nouns are objects that you cannot count

Bread is deücious because they are seen as one thing

They always take a singular verb

Some common non-count nouns are foods and drinks

bread rice yogurt soda cereal margarme

coffee water fruit mustard salt spaghetti

sugar juice meat milk butter gum

Other cornmon non-count nouns:

money time paper music

hair homework mail news

^m9 Circle the correct verb.

UXAMIMT: The e real (í y / are in the bowl

1 The ne\vs is.¿_are on televisión lunv -1

2 Mv hnmework is '' ,ire ünished 5.

3 The mail i.s arc not here yel f>

\¿p Circle the correct word for each sentence b*

and many for count nouns.)

[ • X A M Í ' 1 1 : \\'e don'! hear much ''nuisic / snn^s.

1 1 lo\ much looii / d i x h e s do ihev liaveí 4.

2 ! don't llave manv luí mtnre / chairs 5.

3 I don t ha\ IIHK ¡i nmnev ' ^ o i n s 6.

snow funfurniture love

The newspapers is./^arc outside

Is / A r e the fruit in the refrigéralo!'?

Hovv many bananas is_/are in the bow!?

;low (Hínt: Use much for non-count

She doesn't get manv mai! / letters

I have too much homework / exercises

Thev don't eat much bread / sandwiches

^¿9 Write o or an in front of singular count nouns Write 0 if the noun is non-count.

l'.XAMl'IT: She eats an apple evcry da y.

1 1 need (une 3 She puts railk on hcr cereal

2 I ) a \ e h a s sand\Meh tur luiuh (S.

3 ! Hnnu; eats rué \Mth iiis mea U 7

I think snow is beautiful

Make shoppiíiii list befo re vou uo

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

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Use its to show possession.

Adding an apostrophe to its changes the meaning

If s ¡s a contraction for it is.

This is Van's money

That's her bag

Sómetimes 's shows possession

Sometimes 's is a contraction for is

w¿* Write its or i'f/s to complete the sentence.

l.XAMPLE: \Vhere is your new TV? K's in the bedroom.

1 How mucb is it? $25

2 What a prctty cat What is ñame?

-* _^_—^_ a good ¡dea to put money in the bank

4 I don't like that dog teeth are big

S Look at the tree flowersarc pink and white

the best convenience store in the city

What does the 's mean? Write p for possession Write is for a contraction with is.

HXAMPI.E; Shc's very tall is

1 The departmcnt store sells children's shoes

2 That's not my checkered shirt.

3 Shc's my aunt _

•1 Amy's baseball cap is red _

5 He's not at home now

6 Is that a men's store?

7 We shop at Martin's Departmcnt Store

8 Wherc is the women's room?

9 That's a popular restaurant

10 She's busy today

1 1 The baby's shoes are cute

12 Gabriela's bank is on Main Street

UNIT 2

What day is it? It's Tuesday.

What time is it? It's five o'clock.

How far is it to the library? It's about two miles

It's sunny today

It's a good idea to save money

It's ¡mportant to check your account

It is also used in expressions to refer to:

Day

Time

Distance Weather General rules Advice

i i i i i i i i i i i i i i

Complete the sentences below with It is (or It's) and the words in parentheses.

liXAMPLU: ( i m p o r t n n t ) _/t/s_/mpotíf/flf to ask about the price.

1 (a good idea!

2 f a liad ¡dea!

3 ( i m p o i t a ñ í )

4 (dam;crous!

_ to put your money in a bank

to havc too many credit cards

to check your sales reccipts

to tend vour cash card to a friend

J Complete the sentences below using It is (or K's) or Is it

H X A M I M l i : It's s u n n v todav.

_ _ cold today? B: Ves, takc your winter coat

2 - _ Janc's b i r t h d a y loday Shc is 25

3 A: ls lod.iv Tucsdav or \\Vdnesday? B: _ Tuesday

4 livc o'clock alivady! \Ve can yo home

~\: How t a r _ _ lo the s t a t í o n ? H: Not far.

Complete the sentences below.

hXAMPLK: Thankini; your bos.s is ¡mportant

I D r i n k i n g water everv day is very healtliy

It's important _ to thank your bo.ss

to d r i n k water cver da

2 ( \ i r r y i n i ; too m u c h cash is dangerons

._ _ _ to carry too much cash

3 ( ÜKxkini; y o u r sales txxcipts is a i;ood ¡dea

_ _ _ to check your sales receipts

4 Í lavini; u>o r n a n v ^ r c L Ü t ,aixls is a bad idea

_ _ _ _ _ _ to liave too m.my credit cards

3 Keepiíii; a r e u i i d ot \ o u r pinchases ¡s ¡ m p o r t a n t

_ _ _ _ _ !o keep a record ot your purchases

[ need a green shirt

I don't want a new dish

The baseball cap is whíte.

The book is expensive.

I need green shirts.

I don't want new dishes.

The baseball caps are white.

The books are expensive.

• Adjectives describe nouns They come before nouns or after the verb be.

• Adjectives don't have plural forms.

Articles

It's á new coat If s an oíd coat.

• Use a before a word that begins with a consonant.

• Use an before a word that begins with a vowel.

• If a vowel sounds like a consonant, use a, not an.

Ifs a used car.

ff¿V Rewrite each sentence, inserting the adjectíve given.

EXAMPLE: It is a pcn (blue) /f's a blue oen.

Thev are shoes (expensive)

Thev are shorts, (grav)

It is a car (used)

It is a T-shirt (largc)

Thev are computers (chcap)

Thev are salespeople fbusv)

f!k

<J Write a or an to complete the sentence.

EXAMPLE: Do vou need a new teicnhone?

1 This is exoensive TV 6 He needs Enelish dictionarv

•>, I want blue sweater 7 Eva wears oíd hat

3 Do vou want orange skirt? 8 You have easy test

4 Thev don't have used radio 9 She needs ten-dollar bilí

5 This is excellent store 10 That is sood idea.

let's Go Shopping

CHALLENGE 5 - More possessive forms

Example

This is my wife's bag

These are Duong's pants

These are the students' books

Are these the children's shoes?

Explanation

Possessive nouns show ownership

To form singular possessive nouns, add 's

to the singular noun

To form plural possessive nouns, add anapostrophe Q to the plural noun, or 's

to irregular plural nouns

Possessive adjectives can replace possessive nouns

Subject pronoun Possessive noun + complement Possessive adjective + complement

Roberto's socks are blue.

Van's baseball cap ¡s here.

The dog's dish is on the floor.

My and Julia's clothes are deán.

The men's ties are striped.

My money ¡s ¡n the bank

His socks are blue.

Her baseball cap is here.

Its dish ¡s on the floor

Our clothes are clean.

Your sweater ¡s nice.

Their ties are striped.

The possessive adjective its does not have an apostrophe

VÍV Write a possessive adjective for the possessive nouns in parentheses.

her credil card.

!•: (Aniy's] Aniy doesn'l use

1 (Roberto's) These are _ _ shoes

2 (the dojí'sj Thal is _ _ little house.

3 (my and my sistcr's) Tliat is bedroom

4 ( l a n e t ' s ) drcss is green

5 (yon) \Vhere are _.„_ ehildrcn?

6 ( m e ) grammar is very good

Write a possessive adjective to complete the conversations.

HXAM1M.E: A: Can I help you?

B: Ves, 1 need clothes tur

1 A: Is ibis Koberto's sweater?

B: No, _ sweater is black

2 A: (aite dog! Wluit is ñame?

B: I don't know It is not my dog

5 A: Are Gabriela'h pañis new?

B: No, pants are oíd

I i

This ¡s your sweater.

Not Near That sweater is nice.

That is your sweater.

These are your sweaters.

Those sweaters are nice.

Those are your sweaters.

That's is a contraction of that is.

Thaf s my hat.

Read each sentence Are the underlined words singular or plural, near or farl

liXAMPLE: Those apples are delicious

1 This book is interesting

2 A i e those bcjts cxpcnsive?

3 ! low much is that T-shirt?

4 What color are these tics?

5 Is thalrdress nevv?

6 These applej are green

7 This vacuum clcancr is hcavy

8 I don't like those ieans

Singular

ü

a a ü a a D a

Plural Q

ü

r_)

Ü Ü

a Ü 3 a

Near

a u a

U

u _l

Far 3

a

3

LJ 3 Ü ü ü

Fill in the blanks with this, that, these, or those and the correct form of be.

(1) Means the person or thing ¡s near (-*) Means the person or thing ís far.

a small store (—>)

your receipts (—»)cxpensive tickets (1)

Let's Go Shopping

CHALLENGE 3 Singular and plural nouns

Some plural nouns have spelling changes

Rules: If the word ends in

consonant + y: change y to i and add -es

sh, ch, ss, x, or z: add -es

consonant + o: add -es

fe or f: change f to v and add -es (exception: chiefs, chefs)

Some nouns have irregular singular and plural forms

Singular Plural Explanatíon

Different word form

No singular form

rm

mf Fill in the bianks with the plural forms of the nouns given.

F.XAMl'U:: f i n a n ) Those men are customers

2 ( U u v k ) M\c docsn'l w r i t e

3 ( w o m i n ) T h e _ _ _.

4 d i e s e l Míe ilncMi t we.ir _.

3 i saiulu it.li )\\'e buy _

at the corwcnience store

are hiyh in this town

,'L tlie supcrmarket?

10 í p c r s n n l Sonic _ _

1 1 ' e h i l J ) Those _

1 L ( II.IIHS) \\'h,il coloi are y n u r _ _

13 i walcli l Are ihose ne\_

14 ' lunehl \\ dim't 1-fuv < > u r , _

15 ( t a m i l v i Sume

pay cash all the time

ütxd heip with tlieir homework

at school

S£l'

1

I I 1

o

i| I I I I I I I I I I I

i l r i \ used cars.

1 need more cash.

You want a belt

The car has a radio

Do 1 need more cash? Yes, you do No, you don't

Do you want a belt? Yes, 1 do No, 1 don't

Do we need an English Yes, we do No, we don't.dictionary?

Do they start school on Yes, they do No, they don't.Wednesday?

Does she shop at the malí? Yes, she does No, she doesn't.Does he wear ties? Yes, he does No, he doesn't.Does the car have a radio? Yes, it does No, ¡t doesn't

• Use do or does with questions usihg a base form verb

• Use the base form of the verb with do and does

váv Van is answering questions about her family's shopping habits First complete thequestions Then complete Van's answers

EXAMPLE: Do vou likc to shoo? Yes, / do.

] vou havc a credit card? Ves,

2 vour hushand have a credit card? Yo,

3 vour children havc credit cards? No,

4 vou like to go to the malí? "los,

5 \our hushand likc to shop for clot1ies? \->,

6 vour children like to shop tor clotncs? Yes,

7 vour familv izo to the supermarkct cvcr\ wcrk? Ye.s,

8 vou buv

\¿J Write a question u;

EXAMPLE: you / have / a re

I she / use / an umbrclla

2 Eva and Doug / go to the

3 you / like / used cars

Example

wearwears

don't weardoesn't wear

Complementred sweaters

green shoes

SPELLINC CHANGESExplanation

She washes the dishes

He buys lunch

He worries about me

When the verbWhen the verbWhen the verb

and add -es

endsendsends

Wríte the correct form of the third person singular.

EXAMPLE: sell sells

cash.

me aboirthe

monty \> •

(2.\bop) JV/

\ \e ' \t the orices

negative)grandfather

a lot oí monev, bul he J

to expensive stores My grandfatner

money in the bank I le

about m\.

(16 woiry)

.

I r-«JOi i i i i i i

He does not like TV.

She doesn't like

It

Some verbs add -es in the third person singular

1 go to work, - She góes to work 1 do my homework - She does her homework

To form the negatíve, use do or does + not and the base form of the verb

J Choose the correct form of the present t

\MIM.H: Thccar a radio A 1

\Ve Lnulish in the evcnín^ A j

Theehildren TV A \a (apáñese A s

Silvia to work ai 8:00 A ¡_

My sisj¿rs in Boston A 1The cal TV A 1Yon homework in the morning A L

I books A 1

J Change each sentence to the negative fo

\MPLH; Minh speaks Iini>lis!i ili class _MÍn

Leo does homework cverv niiíht '

Minh and" Leo listen to the teacher.

Minh checks her work

Leo likes his classmales

Minh particípales in class

Minh and Leo studv at lióme

I practice Fnjilish on the weekend

Minh and Leo watch TV in Enulish

Yon talk to Leo

Leo answers questions

ense Fill in the correct bubblá

1 \

ave B.has 1 Q) • ractice B praclices / 1 v ") O vatch B watchc/f \ O

1 Talkíng w í t h Others

CHALLENGE 7 The verb Aove

Subject Verb Example Negative verb Example

1, you, we, they

he, she, it

Tener

nave

has

1 have short, black hair.

She has long hair.

don't have doesn't have

1 don't have long, brown hair.

She doesn't have short hair.

o Gírele the correct form of the verb nove.

EXAMPLE: Barbara Qocsn't have)/ don't have curly hair

1 Radek has / havc four children

2 Jad/.iu doesn'l havo / don't have any children

3 \Ve has / have three brothers

-1 Kadek and I xloesn't havc / don't have any sisters

5 You doe_sni have / d o n ' t have a wile

(•> lad/.ia and Y i l e k hin_e_L_has short black hair

7, I doesivLhaye./^joji'l ha_ye lon^, bloiulluiír

S 'l'lie whole i'amíly has / have black h a i r and brown oyes

9 You has^/ have brown oyes, too

10 I h a y e _ ^ h a s curly brown h a i r

O Wríte the correct form of have in each senten .

H X A M I M H : l'avcl _/Ifl$ _ cürly, blond hair

1 \Ne (negativc) _ _ red hair.

2 Marketa _ s l r a i g h l , blond hair.

i

i i i i i

Se

areisSeis

Complement Answeryour name?

it?

They're blue

It's 4:00.

Complement Answer

Use wh- questions to get information.

The verb be agrees with the subject of the sentence

What is your name? What are your ñames?

Write a question to match each answer.

EXAMPLE: \Vhat is your son's name?

Hi.s address is 133 lilm Street

Mario's hair is hrown

1 am 31 ye'ars oíd

His hair is biack

They are from Australia

Taiking with Others

CHALLENGE 5 Possessive adjectives

Subject Nouit or pronoun + Possessive adjective + noun + complement

You have a nice sister

We have a new teacher

Roberto has blue eyes

Gabriela has blond hair

The dog has short legs

Silvia and Roberto have a dog

My brother is six years oíd

Your sister is happy today

Our teacher is from Canadá

His eyes are big

Her hair ¡s long

Its eyes are brown

Their dog is friendly

I

VI

I I I I I I

Use possessive adjectives to talk about what people have or own.

Use his for men and bovs Use her for women and eirls.

pubbtiüive dujeLuvtib tu idiK duuui wiidi pcupic nave

his for men and boys Use her for women and girls.

Roberto is taiking about his family Complete each sentence with a possessive adjective.

HXAMP1.1Z: I have a lovcly wifc Her ñame is Silvia

1.» 1 have two children childrcn are in high school,

2 My son is 17

3 My daughter is 15

4 luán and ("arla both have nice eyes

5.' My wile has nice eyes, too

ñame is Juan

ñame is Carla

eyes are brown

6 My Wile and ("arla both have long hair

7 You have five sisters and two brolhers?

S, Mv Msler and 1 are studcnts at the Adull School

eyes are green

hair is black

family is large!

Complete the paragraph with a possessive pronoun.

F X A M l ' I H : MY _ ñame is Helena.

This is a phoio oí _ family This is iny daughter \

Ana has two children, Rosalina and l.ui/ They are twins, a girl and a boy

about tamily lite Luí/, loves dog He takes _

tavorilc books are

ver y Miiart and good-lookini; O\, they think

luokini;, too! Po vou have a picture o| _

112)

( 1 1 ) family?

grandpurents are smart and

good-4

I I I

I

l

Talking with Others

CHALLENGE 4 - Yes/no questions with the verb be

Statement Question Affirmative answer 'Negative answer

You are a student

They are friends

Are you a student?

Are they friends?

Yes, you are

Yes, they are

No, you aren't

No, they aren't

To ask yes/no questions, put a form of be before the noun or pronoun.

Every question ends in a question mark (?),

Chen is a new student in Roberto's English class Use the words to write her questions Then write Roberto's answer.

rXAMPLF: 1 / in your class Chen: AffLÜa^OUr C/ass?_

Roberto; Yes,

1 we / in Mr íínoVs class Chen:

Roberto: Yes,Chen:

7 we / late for class

8 the hooks / good

9 Felipe / your brother

10 the class / short

Roberto: Yes,Chen: _

Roberto: No,Chen:

Roberto: No,Chen:

Roberto: Yes,Chen: Roberto: Yes,Chen:

Roberto: No,Chen: _

Roberto: Yes,Chen:

Roberto: No,Chen:

Roberto: No,

1 Talking with Others

CHALLENGE 3 Negative forms of the verb be

Example

1 am French 1 am not American.

Silvia ¡s a student She is not my teacher.

They are here They are not at work.

Explanation

Add not aftér the verb be to make a

sentence negative

• A contraction can be made with the negative form of be.

• I am has one form, but the others have two

It isn'tYou aren't

We aren'tThey aren't

Contraction 2

I'm notHe's not

She's not

If s not

You're notWe're notThe/re not

Complete each sentence with the negative form of be Use the full form.

EXAMPLE: Eva is l'olish She _ is not Germán.

5 You are early You ;

eurly 8 They are Cuban They

at home

._ Mexican

Rewrite each sentence using a negatíve contraction of be There may be more than

one answer.

EXAMPLE: He is not from China

1 We aro not divorced

2 Sho is not with her sistor

3 It is not on the map

4 They are not in the park

5 I am not tall

ít You are not sludents.

7 They are not Sílvia's parents.

8 It is not Carlas computen

9 She is not in my Hnglish class

10 We are not singlo

1 1 He is not bald

12 You are not late

We's noí from China, or He isn't from China.

I 1 I I I I l I I

• The verb be always agrees with the

• There are contractions (short forms)

Full form Contracted form

here.

nice.

subject of the sentence.

for subject pronouns and the verb be:

Full form Contracted form

•

You are You're

We are We're They are They're

vlv Fill in the blank with the correct form of be.

EXAMPLE: Mv únele ;s bald

1 She married

2 Thev ííood friends

3 Roberto and I students

4 I a teacher

5 Mv citv on the map

\¿J Write a contraction with be to

Dialog 1

Roberto: Am I late?

Gabriela: No, you' re earlv.

Roberto: What time is it?

Dialog 2

Tatsuya: Hi My ñame is Tatsuya

FeHpp* Hi Felipe WWp

6 The teacher froni Canadá

7 Mv brother and síster al vvork

8 It a friendlvcat

9 We in the park

10 You six feettall

complete each conversation.

Dialog 3Duong: Ho\ oíd are you?

Ava; lOvearsold.Duong: How oíd is your brother?

Ava: six

Dialog 4Tatsuya: Is she your sister?

are vnu from? Fva: Ana? Oh, no mvTnKuva: fr°m lapan And yon? friend, oíd friends

Frlinp- l'm from Cuba nir*- 1^ -n^t VO11

Talking with Others

CHALLENGE 1 Subject pronouns

Noun Subject pronoun

You (singular) You (plural) They

are a good friend.

are good friends.

are new students.

are brown.

• 1, he, she, it, we, you, they are subject pronouns They replace nouns.

• You is both singular and plural.

• It is used for singular nouns (animáis and things).

• They is used for plural nouns (people, animáis, and things).

Roberto ís talking about his English class Write the correct pronoun in each blank.

EXAMI'LI:: Hi, my ñame is Roberto _ / am very happy in my new class

1 Ilu'Ieacher is Mrs Kdwards

2, Mv class males 'and I work liard

$¿, Rjeko ani.jj4jsi.iyn are from Japan.

•i Pellpe is a young man

5 I líke ihHiooks in mv class

6 The leacher give.s us Íioj3iew_or.k

7 Dinmg and Nam are my classmates

9 Gabriela is not Mexican

10 (¡abrióla and [speak Spanish But

fs bi'g and new:

help me with my homework

14 My w i fe and f practico Hnglish at lióme listen to the radio

13 .\íy_chjjc}rcn speak língh'sh well

14 \\y w i f e and 1 practico Eng

15 Xbe^cjass is in ihe e ven i ni; srarts at 6:00,

I

I

I

! i i i

Question Possible response

Can you give me directions to the hotel?

Can we visit you at your home?

Can you help me?

Use can plus a base verb to make requests.

Can doesn't change for a singular or plural subject

Complete each conversation by writing a question with can.

LXAMPLli: A: yon / Mgn / this letter Can you sign this íetter?

B: Su re Do you have a pen?

1 A: I / use / your a > m p u t e r

li: No prohlem I'm not u,sing it now.

1 \: I / cali / you / back

H: Of course.

3 A: vou / h e l p / me / get a l i b r a r y card

li: Sure Rigln a f t e r l u n c h

4 A: you / give / me / directions / to City Hall

li: Ifs two hloeks straiyht ahead.

5 A: we / v i s i t / your sisier / in the h o s p i t a l

B: Sure Shc \ \ a n t s to have visitors.

You have a problem How can you ask for help? Write a letter in the blank to match

each situation to a request

Request

a Can you give me directions to the post office?

b Can you give me so me change?

c Can you cali the doctor?

d Can I have your phone number?

jt? Can I leave a message?

f Can you come over after class?

g Can you drive me?

Problem

I - X A M P I i ' Vour t r í e n d ' s t a t h e r answers t h e phone.

Your (Viend isn't tliere e

1 Vour shnppiui; bai;s urv hc.ivv.

2 Vou iloti't have a ^ar.

3 \\n\e sick _

4 Vou \vant to phone me

3 Vou \ v a n i to m a i l a l e t t e r

h Vou want somethini; ^weet.

7 Vou w a n t vovir I r i e i u l U» v i s i t your home.

S You don't llave t o i n s t o r the hu\

h Can we stop at the candy store?

Í Can you help me carry these?