Step 1 - THE GRAMMAR part 1B Change the pronouns: X says to Y In reported speech you have to change I, me, my, mine, myself, / we, us, our, ours, ourselves if X isn’t I or we.. Let’s see
Trang 1Step 1 - THE GRAMMAR part 1
B) Change the pronouns: X says to Y
In reported speech you have to change
I, me, my, mine, myself, / we, us, our, ours, ourselves if X isn’t I or we YOU HAVE TO CONFORM I OR WE TO X Let’s see two examples:
Mary says to Peter she is a student Mary says to Peter they are friends
In reported speech you have to change you, your, yours, yourself and yourselves if Y isn’t you YOU HAVE
TO CONFORM YOUTO Y
Let’s see an example:
Mary says to Peter he is a teacher
You have to use indirect speech / reported speech if you want to encase the quoted sentence into a sentence In this case there are going to be several changes in the quoted sentence
A) Look at the table below which contains the
adverbs of time and place that you have to change in
reported speech At the end of the list there are two
verbs that can be changed
Direct speech Reported speech
this / these that / those
yesterday the day before, the
previous day tomorrow the next day, the
following day the day after tomorrow in two days’ time
the day before yesterday two days before
this (week) that (week)
last (month) the (month) before,
the previous (month) next (year) the next (year), the
following (year) two days ago two days before
Changes:
First, we are going to learn how to
quote a sentence in the present In
these cases you don’t have to go
back a tense, but there are other
necessary changes you have to do
Let’s look at these first.
I am a studen t.
We are friends.
You are a teacher.
Trang 2C) The order of the reported
statements.
When you encase the quoted sentence, you
have to use the following order:
Subject + Predicate (modal verb if necessary
+ verb) + Object + Adverbs (place, time …)
Let’s see two examples:
Yesterday I wentto the shop
Mary says to Peter she went to the
shop the day before.
Now I am drawing a flower into my
notebook
Mary says to Peter she is drawing a
flower into her notebook then
D) The order of the reported question
Yes-no question:
whether /if + Subject + Predicate (modal verb if necessary + verb) + Object + Adverbs (place, time)
Let’s see two examples:
Do youlike chocolate?
Mary asks Peter whether/if he likes chocolate
Have youever beento Scotland? Mary asks Peter whether/if he has ever been to Scotland
Wh-question:
Predicate (modal verb if necessary + verb) + Object + Adverbs (place, time)
Let’s see two examples:
Where do you usually buy food? Mary asks Peter where he usually buys food
Why have you bought this camera?
Mary asks Peter why he has bought that camera
BE CAREFUL! You have to leave out
“do”, “does” and “did” if there isn’t
negation in the sentence
E) The order of the reported
commands / suggestions / requests
You have to change the verb into
TO+INFINITIVE If it is a negative
command you have to change it into NOT+
TO+INFINITIVE
Let’s see two examples:
Mary tells the children to go to their
room
Mary tells the children not to watch
late night films
The most common used verb to introduce a
reported command is ‘tell’ If there is
‘please’ in the direct command, you have
to use ‘ask’ and leave out ‘please.
e.g.: Please, don’t give up
He asks me not to give up.
If the person is mentioned in the direct command, you have
to write it into the introduction
e.g.: Children, drink your juice
Mother tells the children to drink
their juice