Ebook TOEFL BT insider the super guide part 2

Letter to the Editor rst, I would like to thank the editor for bringing to our attention the new activity fees that udents will be required to pay at registration next year. I myself feel that the extra hundred jllars is unjustified. It’s nice that the university wants to build a new campus center, but 1 ould have appreciated, at the very least, some advance notice about the new fees, and at ost, a say in whether or not we as a student body even wanted a new campus center to begin ith, especially if we’re going to be paying the bill for the next few years.

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le explains and elaborates upon his/her opinion Remember to use appropriate transitional phrases.

Exercise 4

Using the ideas you developed in EXERCISES 1-3, create an appropriate conclusion Remember to emphasize why the main speaker holds such a strong position on the issue

B-Ch3 | Fit and Expiam TasK

Số hóa bởi Trung tâm Học liệu – ĐH TN http://www.lrc-tnu.edu.vn

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Additional Practice

1 Please read the following sample task 3 passage Underline important information in the passage

Announcement from Student Technology Services

Recently it was discovered that a small group of students has been abusing the use of the Internet in campus computer labs Due to these abuses, Student Technology Services will be changing its policy concerning lab use Beginning in January, all students will be required to sign in using a valid student ID in order to use the campus computer labs Anyone without a student ID will be turned away As an additional measure, the closing time will be changed from 9:00 PM to 7:00 PM

Listen to the following conversation and take notes in the space provided below

Now respond to the following speaking prompt

T h e w o m a n e x p re s s e s h e r o p in io n o f th e a n n o u n c e m e n t m a d e b y S t u d e n t T e c h n o lo g y S ervices

S t a te h e r o p in io n a n d e x p la in th e re a s o n s s h e g iv e s f o r h o ld in g t h a t o p in io n

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¡e read the following sam ple task passage Underline important information in the passage.

Letter to the Editor

rst, I would like to thank the editor for bringing to our attention the new activity fees that udents will be required to pay at registration next year I myself feel that the extra hundred jllars is unjustified It’s nice that the university wants to build a new campus center, but 1 ould have appreciated, at the very least, some advance notice about the new fees, and at ost, a say in whether or not we as a student body even wanted a new campus center to begin

ith, especially if we’re going to be paying the bill for the next few years

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Please read the following sample task passage Underline Important information in the passage.

Announcement from the Office of the Registrar

Beginning with the upcoming fall registration period, all students, regardless of year, will be required to see an advisor before they are allowed to formally register Upperclassmen working

on a concentration will need to speak with a faculty member from their respective

departments Underclassmen not yet working toward a major should contact the office of the registrar to be assigned an academic advisor Students registering in person at the office will have to present a signed form from an advisor in order to register

Listen to the following conversation and take notes in the space provided below

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5 guidelines provided in the Guided Note Taking section.

Announcement from the Office of the Registrar

the interest of our student body’s health and wellness, all incoming freshmen for the next ademic year will be required to take at least two physical education classes in order to

aduate In addition, other underclassmen still working to complete their general

quirements may also be subject to the new policy, and should meet with their advisors to scuss the matter further Please refer to the new student handbook for complete details.

I Listen to the following conversation and take notes in the space provided below

[

Now respond to the following speaking prompt

The woman expresses her opinion of the announcement made by the Office of the Registrar State her opinion and explain the reasons she gives fo r holding that opinion

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sten to a short lecture (60-90 seconds) in which that general concept is applied to a specific situation.

at of the Reading

ng will h a v e a title th a t in d ic a te s th e g e n e ra l c o n c e p t b e in g d is c u s s e d T h e re a d in g will g e n e ra lly bas ic ex p la n a tio n o f th e g e n e ra l c o n c e p t a n d o n e o r tw o re le v a n t details L o o k a t th e e x a m p le belo w :

Tracking

ing is an educational practice in which a student’s educational focus is determined by

dng the student’s inherent strengths and weaknesses Once this has been determined,

udent receives an education that focuses on developing these talents While some

educators endorse tracking as the best method to ensure each student’s various talents are

utilized, others oppose tracking, claiming it limits a student’s choices for the future

Format of the Lecture

! lecture will be on a topic related to the general concept of the reading It will provide one or two

cific applications of the general concept, with points that directly relate to the relevant details of the ding passage Listen to the following lecture and look at the outline below:

I M a in Id e a : Schools can influence students' future

A p p lic a t io n 1: Vocational HS

Students receive specialized job training at expense of traditional academic instruction

• D e t a il 1: Selection based on income and likelihood of attending college

• D e t a il 2: Students who attend vocational HS get job training but have little chance of

attending college

A p p lic a t io n 2: Advanced placement programs

Advanced placement programs are for students with best grades

• D e t a il 1: Students in these programs are greatly favored by top colleges

• D e t a il 2 : Not many students accepted into these programs, so other students' chances of

getting into a good college are lessened

lerstanding the Connections Between the Reading and the Lecture

der to properly respond to task 4 you must understand the connections between the reading and the ire In the case of the example above, you must understand that vocational high schools and

meed placement programs are forms of tracking You must also see the connections between the ils of the reading and the details of the lecture (i.e., the way that students are selected for these

rams and how those programs affect a student's future options)

B-Ch4 | General / Specific Task

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Preparing Your Response

H

= Guided Note Taking

When taking notes for task 4, it is important that you note the key points both from the reading passage and the lecture, as you will be asked to draw connections between the two

As you go through the reading passage, be sure to take notes on the following:

1 C o n c e p t - This is generally stated in the title of the passage

2 D e f in it io n - In a few words, summarize the definition as it appears in the passage

3 K e y P o in ts - Note whatever details are most relevant to the explanation of the concept

(e.g elaboration, examples, and applications)

As you listen to the lecture, be sure to take notes on these key elements:

1 M a in Id e a - What is the lecture about?

2 K e y P o in ts - Note relevant details, examples, or elaboration upon the main idea

3 C o n n e c tio n s - How does the lecture relate to apply, or elaborate upon the concept in the reading passage?

Exercise 1

Below is a sample reading passage in which key points have been underlined

Homeostasis

Homeostasis is a natural biological process that exists in nearly all organisms or organic

processes The term refers to any self-regulating process by which biological systems achieve and

maintain stability If this stability is threatened or disturbed, the system responds to such

changes by means of various built-in regulatory devices that work to adjust to those changes and re-establish equilibrium Homeostasis is essential to life because it allows an organism to remain within the parameters in which life can be maintained, even in the face of fluctuating conditions

Please listen carefully to the following sample task 4 lecture Complete the notes in the space

R J I provided Use your notes from the passage above to draw connections

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eating an Introduction

r introduction should include all the elements necessary to laying the foundation for the body of your lonse Begin with a brief summary of what the lecture is mainly about Then briefly explain the overall lection between the lecture and the concept presented in the reading Look at the example below:

The p r o fe s s o r d is c u s s e s th e w a y s in w h ic h a s c h o o l a d m in is tr a tio n c a n in flu e n c e a s t u d e n t’s fu tu re Explain h o w h is d is c u s s io n r e la te s to th e c o n c e p t o f tr a c k in g

The professor explains how program s such as vocation al high schools a n d advan ced

placement programs can lim it a student’s options for the future This relates to the concept

o f tracking in that these programs are basically different forms of tracking.

can use the following phrases to help you create a strong introduction:

Jj^Jjum m arizing the main topic of the lecture Explaining the connection between

the lecture and the reading

The professor’s discussion of

In the passage, the concept of _ is defined as

B'Ch 4 | General / Specific Task ¿,21

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Providing Support and Elaboration

After you explain the main point of the lecture and its overall connection to the concept presented in the reading, you need to start explaining these ideas in detail The exact information that you will need to include in your response will vary with each task 4 prompt, but generally you will need to explain:

1 Each application of the concept that appears in the lecture (there are usually 1 or 2

applications)

2 The relevant details of each application

3 How these details in the lecture relate to specific details of the concept presented in the reading

In your response, it is important that you are clear as to which of your statements refer to the reading passage and which refer to the lecture Here are just a few possible examples of phrases that will help you construct your supporting statements in a clear and discernible fashion:

According to the professor, ~

The reading passage says that

-When the professor talks about he is giving an example of -

The professor mentions , which relates directly to the concept of

-Exercise 3

Use the following questions to generate connections between the reading passage and the lecture from EXERCISE 1 and 2 Listen again to the lecture if necessary

1 How does the regulation of body temperature exemplify the concept of homeostasis?

2 In what ways is the body shown to be a ‘self-regulating’ system? W hat points in the reading passage does this relate to specifically?

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îveloping a Conclusion

(instructing a conclusion for task 4, it is important that you summarize the supporting details briefly efficiently In responses for task 4, these sentences will look something like your introduction sentence, lat they should integrate your main idea with a brief summary of your supporting details Look at the mple below:

The professor explains how program s such as vocational high schools an d advanced

placem ent program s can limit a student's options fo r the future This relates to the concept o f tracking in that these program s are basically different form s o f tracking According to the

professor, students who are not likely to attend college are enrolled in vocational programs

which stress teaching job skills rather than academics Thừ increases their ability to get a job

after high school, but virtually guarantees that they will not be able to attend college; thus it

limits their choices for the future Likewise, advanced placement courses are reserved for the

very best students Since these courses are so important to admission to top colleges, advanced placement programs limit the ability of many students to attend good colleges In conclusion, the programs described by the professor are both form s o f tracking 4s such they

determine which students should receive which type o f education and therefore exert a

controlling influence on their futures.

Exercise 4

Using the ideas you developed in EXERCISES 1 -3, answer the questions below to create an appropriate conclusion

1 Briefly restate the overall connection between the reading passage and the discussion

2 Briefly summarize relevant details and/or examples from the lecture

3 Use your answers from 1 and 2 to create a conclusion statement that briefly states your m ain idea and briefly summarizes your supporting details

In conclusion,

423

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“nurture” and reigniting a longstanding debate among specialists.

Please listen carefully to the following task 4 lecture Complete the notes in the space provided

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ircise 3

the following questions to generate connections between the reading passage and the discussion from :RCISES 1 and 2

How does the question of Mozart’s genius relate to the concept of nature vs nurture?

What questions arise when considering Mozart's genius in light of the nature vs nurture debate?

Use your answers to 1 and 2 to create a coherent explanation of how Mozart’s genius demonstrates the nature vs nurture debate

Exercise 4

Using the ideas you developed in EXERCISES 1 -3, answer the questions below to create an appropriate conclusion

1 Restate your introduction sentence, including the m ain idea

2 Briefly state your supporting details

3 Use your answers from 1 and 2 to create a strong conclusion statement

In conclusion, _ _

B-Ch 4 | General / Specific Task 425

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he following questions to generate connections between the reading passage and the discussion from RCISES 1-2

-low does the issue of eating phobias and women in the military relate directly to the description

sf anorexia nervosa in the reading passage?

io w do the pressures wom en face in the military relate to the description of anorexia nervosa in

1 Restate your introduction sentence, including the m ain idea

2 Briefly state your supporting details

3 Use your answers from 1 and 2 to create a strong conclusion statement

In c o n c l u s i o n , _ _

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"survive’' the struggle Supporters of this theory also believe that it is this struggle that drives the advancement of human civilization.

Please listen carefully to the following task 4 lecture Take notes in the space provided

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e read the following task 4 reading passage and underline key ideas.

Pseudoscience

eudoscience is any variety of thought, theory, or concept that claims to be scientifically

unded but actually has no solid grounding in science or has not been acknowledged as true plausible by the scientific community Fields of study often characterized as pseudoscience ually lack theories or claims that can be tested or verified utilizing the scientific method

:spite their lack of scientific evidence, pseudosciences may gain widespread acceptance

long the general populace if they espouse ideas that help to confirm the beliefs or values of

Construct your response to the prompt below

The professor talks about 19th century attem pts to justify the practice of slavery Explain how his discussion relates to the explanation of pseudoscience

B-Ch4 | General / Specific TasK 429

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Please read the following task 4 reading passage and underline key ideas.

Nuclear Fusion in Stars

Nuclear fusion is the process by which the nuclei of different atoms fuse together to form a single nucleus In order to fuse, nuclei must be subjected to enormous am ounts of heat and pressure In the natural world, such conditions are only found in the cores of stars

Temperatures inside a star's core can reach tens of millions of degrees, and the immense gravity of the star exerts a great am ount of pressure on nuclei W hen nuclei fuse, they release energy, primarily in the form of heat, thus inducing other nuclei to fuse as well

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Please read the following task reading passage, then take notes on the key points in the space provided.

Xenophobia

Xenophobia is an excessive and irrational fear of individuals who are different from oneself

Xenophobia often centers on a fear and aversion to a specific social group Generally,

xenophobia is rooted in a preexisting cultural prejudice but is often exacerbated or brought to the surface by a traumatic experience involving a member of a certain group Xenophobia can result in discriminatory or violent behavior towards a group of individuals even in the absence

of provocation or justifiable cause

3 Mai.«, i dea:

Key Points:

Connections to the reading:

Construct your response to the prompt below

The professor talks about the imprisonment of Japanese Americans during World War II

Explain how his discussion relates to the concept of xenophobia

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Speaking Task - 5

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and a minute and a half Most often, this conversation will be between two students, but occasionally

it will be between a student and a professor In the conversation one student will describe a problem

he or she is having and the other speaker will offer two possible solutions to that problem You will then be asked to summarize the student's problem and explain which of the two solutions you think

is b es t a n d w h y Y o u w ill h a v e o n e m in u te o f s p e a k in g time

Format of the Conversation

The conversation could be about any campus related problem, but the conversations generally follow the same basic flow Listen to the following conversation and look at the outline below:

1 In t r o d u c t io n o f s t u d e n t ’s p r o b le m : Man has a big project due and not enough time to finish it

2 D e t a ils o f s t u d e n t ’s p r o b le m : He has class late in the evening tomorrow and

Thursday is his heaviest day of classes

3 S o lu tio n 1: Skip classes to work on project

4 P r o s / C o n s t o s o lu t io n 1: Professors might be angry if he skips classes

5 S o lu tio n 2: Stay up all night to finish project

6 P r o s / C o n s t o s o lu t io n 2: Student will be exhausted

Generally, all the conversations for task 5 will follow this same flow of ideas, meaning that as you listen to those conversations, you should be listening for similar pieces of information

B*Ch5 | Prooiem / Solution Task

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^ Preparing Your Response

» Guided Note Taking

Since each conversation for Speaking Task 5 follows the same basic format, you can use this knowledge help guide your note taking While listening to the conversation, you need to make sure you take notes or the following things:

1 T h e s t u d e n t 's p r o b le m - Generally, you only need to listen for the basic problem This should be stat fairly early in the conversation Students often get caught up in the specific details of the problem, but < thorough understanding of these details is usually not necessary Only focus on the basic problem, as this is all you will need to explain in your response

2 T h e f ir s t s o lu t io n t o t h e p r o b le m - Make sure you note down the basic solution to the problem Generally, it is not necessary to get all the specific details However, if the speakers mention any pros - cons to this solution, make sure to note these down

3 T h e s e c o n d s o lu t io n to t h e p r o b le m - Make sure you note down the basic solution to the problem Generally, it is not necessary to get all the specific details However, if the speakers mention any pros cons to this solution, make sure to note these down

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Creating an Introduction

Starting with a strong introduction will help you complete the rest of the speaking task You can use the directions in the speaking prompt to help you create a strong opening sentence Your opening sentence should briefly and clearly state what the student's problem is The following one or two sentences should explain the two possible solutions and which solution you prefer Look at the example below:

T h e s tu d e n ts d is c u s s tw o p o s s ib le s o lu tio n s to th e m a n ’s p r o b le m D e s c r ib e th e p r o b le m T h e n

e x p la in w h ic h o f th e t w o s o lu tio n s y o u p r e fe r a n d w h y

The m an’s problem is that he does not have enough time to finish his sociology project.

The woman suggests that he should either skip his classes to work on the project or stay up

all night to work on it I think skipping his classes tomorrow is a better solution.

You can use the following phrases to help you create a strong introduction:

I Describing the problem Describing the solutions Stating your preference i

Use the notes you took in EXERCISE 1 to complete the Introduction below

The students discuss tw o possible solutions to the man’s problem Describe the problem Then explain which of the tw o solutions you prefer and why

The man's problem is that

In my opinion, the best solution is to

435

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After you explain the basic problem and which solution you prefer, you will need to support your choice w

a logical explanation of what makes it a better choice You can do this in two ways: you can offer explanations based on your own thoughts and opinions, or you can offer explanations based on the pros and cons of the two solutions mentioned in the conversation In order to create the strongest response possible, you should try to use both types of support The following phrases can help you support your opinions

Support based on personal opinion Support based on pros/cons of the solution!

I p r e fe r th is s o lu tio n b e c a u s e I b e lie v e ~ I fe e l th is is a b e t t e r s o lu tio n b e c a u s e a s th e

I feel this is a better solution because _

In addition, as the man points out in the conversation,

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Developing a Conclusion

n constructing a conclusion, you want to briefly summarize the most important ideas from your response, -or Speaking Task 5 responses this will involve restating which solution you prefer and summarizing your easons for that preference Look at the example below:

The man's problem is That h e h as a huge project du e a t the end o f the w eek a n d h e doesn't

feel he has enough tim e to fin ish it The w om an suggests that she should either skip his

classes tom orrow to work on the project or stay up all night to fin ish the project I fe e l that

skipping his classes is a better solution Personally, I d o n ’t like to work late a t night

because I don’t do very good work when la m tired If the man stays up all night to finish

the project, he might not do a good job In addition, as the woman points out, if he stays

up all night he will be really tired tomorrow I don’t see the point in going to class when

you are exhausted, so he might as well just skip his classes and work on the project

tomorrow In conclusion I see no advantages to staying up all night to finish the report

Therefore, I think it would be better fo r the man to skip class and work on his project

1 Briefly restate which solution you prefer

2 Summarize your reasons for this preference in one sentence

3 Combine your answers to 1 and 2 to create a coherent concluding statement

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Exercise 3

In EXERCISE 2, you stated which of the two solutions you think is best Now support your choice with a detailed explanation Try to use a mixture of your own opinions and details from the conversation to support your choice

is the best solution because

In the conversation, the woman points out th a t

Therefore, _

Exercise 4

Using the ideas you developed in EXERCISES 1-3, answer the questions below and create an appropriate conclusion

1 Briefly restate which solution you prefer

2 Summarize your reasons for this preference in one sentence

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Exercise 3

n EXERCISE 2, you stated which of the two solutions you thought was best Now support your choice with

3 detailed explanation Try to use a mixture of your own opinions and details from the conversation to support your choice

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Listen to the following conversation and take notes in the space provided below,

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3 Listen to the following conversation and take notes in the space provided below.

B‘ Ch5 | PrcDiem / Solution Task

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Listen to the following conversation and take notes in the space provided below.

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Listen to the following conversation and take notes in the space provided below.

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In Speaking Task 6, you will first listen to an academic lecture that will last between one and a half

to two minutes You will then be asked to summarize and explain the major points of the lecture You will have one minute of speaking time

» Format of the Lecture

The lecture may be on any academic topic, but the lecture will always follow the same basic format The lecture will explain an idea and give two examples of that idea Listen to the following lecture and look at the outline below:

M a in Id e a : There are several ways community members can help reduce crime in their neighborhood

E x a m p le 1: Community members can set up a neighborhood watch program

E x a m p le 2 : Community members can open up an activity center for teenagers

All lectures for Speaking Task 6 will follow a similar format, meaning that as you listen to those lectures, you should be listening for similar pieces of information

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Preparing Your Response

> Guided Note Taking

Since each lecture for Speaking Task 6 follows the same basic format, you can use this knowledge to hel guide your note-taking While listening to the lecture, you need to make sure you take notes on the following things:

The basic co n ce p t - Generally, this will be discussed in the first few seconds of the lecture

Example 1 - Take notes on the first example Be sure to write down any important details relating to this

example and how it relates to the basic concept

Example 2 - Take notes on the second example Be sure to write down any important details relating to

this example and how it relates to the basic concept

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Ireating an Introduction

Starting with a strong introduction will help you complete the rest of the speaking task You can use the lirections in the speaking prompt to help you create a strong opening sentence Your opening sentence hould briefly and clearly state what the lecture is mainly about The following one or two sentences should ixplain how the two examples relate to this main idea Look at the example below:

U s in g p o in ts a n d e x a m p le s fr o m th e ta lk , e x p la in h o w n e ig h b o r h o o d w a tc h g r o u p s a n d

c o m m u n ity c e n te r s h e lp r e d u c e c r im e in a c o m m u n ity

The lecture is mainly about the ways crime can be reduced in a community The lecture

gives two examples o f things community members can do to reduce crime in their

neighborhood.

'ou can use the following phrases to help you construct a strong introduction

T h e le c tu re is m a in ly a b o u t - T w o e x a m p le s o f - a r e g iv e n in th e le c tu re

T h e m a in p o in t o f th e le c tu r e is t h a t - T h e le c t u r e d is c u s s e s t w o e x a m p le s o f ~

T h e le c tu re e x p la in s h o w - T h e le c t u r e s h o w s h o w ~ a n d a r e e x a m p le s o f

-Exercise 2

Use the notes you took in EXERCISE 1 to answer the questions below Then use those answers to

complete the introduction

U s in g p o in ts a n d e x a m p le s fr o m th e ta lk , e x p la in h o w im p r o v e d t r a n s p o r t a t io n a n d im p r o v e d

in fr a s tru c tu r e w e r e th e r e s u lt o f th e In d u s tria l R e v o lu tio n in E n g la n d

1 What is the basic concept of the lecture?

How the industriaL nevcLuMiSK caused changes m

2 What are the two concrete examples that expand on the basic concept?

Example 1 : _

Example 2:

3 Construct two sentences that briefly explain the basic concept and the two supporting examples

The lecture is mainly about how the Industrial Revolution

The lecture shows that changes in transportation and urban infrastructure were

B’ Ch 6 | S u m m arization Task 449

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After you explain the basic concept of the lecture, you will need to explain how the two examples relate to that basic concept and provide details and elaboration to fully explain this connection

Constructing Sentences for Support and Elaboration

in order to create a detailed explanation of the two examples, follow the steps below:

1 Restate 1st example and basic explanation or definition

2 Expand on the 1sl example by giving an important detail that helps illustrate the connection between the example and the main idea of the lecture, (can be done in one or two sentences)

3 Restate 2nd example and basic explanation or definition

4 Expand on the 2n<* example by giving an important detail that helps illustrate the connection between th

example and the main idea of the lecture, (can be done in one or two sentences)

2 State one or two supporting details that expand on the first example

3 What is the second example and how does it relate to the changes the Industrial Revolution caused in England?

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)eveloping a Conclusion

i constructing a conclusion, you want to briefly summarize the most important ideas from your response,

or Speaking Task 6 responses this will most likely involve summarizing the overall relationship between

le main concept of the lecture and the two examples Look at the example below:

U s in g p o in ts a n d e x a m p le s fr o m th e ta lk , e x p la in h o w n e ig h b o rh o o d w a tc h g r o u p s a n d c o m m u n ity

c e n te r s h e lp r e d u c e c r im e in a c o m m u n ity

The lecture explains the different things community members can do to reduce crime in their neighborhood According to the professor, the first thing a community can do to reduce crime

is to start a neighborhood watch program By patrolling their streets and reporting any

suspicious activity to the police, community members can discourage criminals from

committing crimes in the neighborhood The professor also explains how opening an activity center for teenagers can help reduce crime The professor says that many crimes are

committed by teenagers who have nothing to do with their free time Activity centers give

these teenagers something to do and help keep them out o f trouble In conclusion,

neighborhood watch programs help reduce crime by keeping criminals out o f a

neighborhood and helping local teenagers stay out o f trouble.

Exercise 4

Using the ideas you developed in EXERCISES 1-3 answer the questions below and create an appropriate conclusion

U s in g p o in ts a n d e x a m p le s fr o m th e ta lk , e x p la in h o w im p r o v e d t r a n s p o r t a t io n a n d im p ro v e d

In fr a s tru c tu r e w e r e r e s u lts o f th e In d u s tria l R e v o lu tio n in E n g la n d

1 Briefly restate the m ain idea of the lecture

2 Restate both examples and briefly link the examples to the overall topic of the lecture

Improved transportation:

Improved city infrastructure:

In conclusion,

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Guided Practice 1

Exercise 1

1 W hatisth eb asicco nce ptofthe lecture ?

A ith o u g t1 the M -s is basically a representative democracy, there are a few exam-pies o f direct democracy itA, the IAS.

2 Example 1: _ _Example 2: _

3 Construct two sentences that briefly explain the basic concept and the two supporting exampli

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