C 25 01 gioi thieu ve ankan

ANKAN phân nhánh 2; tri tetra tên nhánh... VD7: theo danh pháp IUPAC.

nH2n+2

1 Các ankan : CH4, C2H6, C3H8, C4H10

2 4)

Chú ý

1–C3)

1

•

chính

•

2

1

1

C—C—C—C—C

(a) (b) (c) (d) (e)

C—C—C—C—C C

2

C—C—C—C—C

C

2

+C 2

+C 1

+C 1

C—C

chính là

C—C—C—C—C

C

3

C—C—C—C

+2C 1

C—C—C—C

C—C—C—C C

3

4

5

2

là C6H14 hay không

VD3:

CH 3 —CH—CH 2 —CH 3

CH 3

A) 3 B) 4 C) 5 D) 6

A) 1 B) 3 C) 5 D) 9

3

(C)

CH3—CH2—C—CH2—CH3

CH3

CH3

CH3—C—CH2—CH—CH—CH3

CH3 CH3 CH3

CH3

CH3—CH2—C—CH2—CH—CH—CH2—CH3

CH3

CH3

CH3 CH3

4

A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4

7

(A) VD4:

(B)

(C)

(D)

(E)

CH3—CH—CH2—CH2—CH3 CH3

CH3—CH—CH—CH2—CH3 CH3 CH3

CH3—CH—CH—CH2—CH3 CH3 CH2—CH3

CH3—CH—CH—CH3 CH3 CH2 CH3

Chú ý

CH3—CH—CH—CH2—CH3 CH2—CH3

CH2—CH2—CH3

CH 3 —CH—CH 2 —CH 3

CH 3

VD5:

(a) (b) (c) (d)

(e)

cacbon (a), (e)

3 Danh pháp ankan

4 C4H10 CH3(CH2)2CH3 butan bón

5 C5H12 CH3(CH2)3CH3 pentan phân

6 C6H14 CH3(CH2)4CH3 hexan hóa

7 C7H16 CH3(CH2)5CH3 heptan

8 C8H18 CH3(CH2)6CH3 octan

9 C9H20 CH3(CH2)7CH3 nonan ngoài

10 C10H22 CH3(CH2)8CH3

"yl" VD: C2H6 2H5 là etyl

ANKAN

phân nhánh

(2); tri tetra

tên nhánh

1

2

3

4

•

VD6:

1

CH3—CH—CH—CH3 CH3 CH2—CH3

CH3—CH—CH—CH3 CH3 CH2—CH3 5C

2

CH3—CH—CH—CH3 CH3 CH2—CH3

3

2,3

3—CH— hay (CH3)2CH–

3—C— hay (CH3)3C—

CH3

CH3 CH3

CH3 CH3

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e)

CH3—CH—CH—CH2—CH3 CH3 CH3

CH3—CH—CH—CH2—CH3 CH3 CH2—CH3

CH3—CH—CH—CH3 CH3 CH2 CH3

CH3—CH—CH—CH2—CH3 CH2—CH3

CH2—CH2—CH3

CH3—CH—CH2—CH2—CH3 CH3

A

(a) 2–metylpropan

(b) neopentan

(c) 2,3

(d) 2,2

(e) 3–etylpentan

(f) 3–etyl–4–metylheptan

B

(a) 4–etyl–2,3,3–trimetylheptan

(b) 3,5

Chú ý

2H5

metyl (CH3

VD7:

theo danh pháp IUPAC

nH2n+2

– %C = 16,67 (%)

5H12

CH3—C—CH3 CH3

CH3

: 2,2

D

E C : mH = 36 : 7 Y không có cacbon

C—C và C—H không phân

0,8 gam/ml

ANKAN khí (C1 – C4)

5 – C18)

18)

F

X theo danh pháp IUPAC

G

ankan

Câu

3

6

7

8

Câu

9 A B

D E

F

G

CH3—CH2—C—CH2—CH3

CH3

CH3

IV II

CH3—C—CH2—CH—CH—CH3

CH3 CH3 CH3

CH3

IV III III

CH3—CH2—C—CH2—CH—CH—CH2—CH3

CH3

CH3

CH3 CH3

IV III II

3

6 (CH3)3C–C(CH3)3

CH3–CH—CH–CH2–CH3

CH3 CH3

5C

CH3–CH—CH–CH2–CH3 CH3 CH2—CH3

5C

CH3–CH—CH–CH3

CH3 CH2

5C

CH3

CH3–CH–CH–CH2–CH3 CH2–CH3

CH2–CH2–CH3 7C

7

8

9 (a) 2–metylpentan ( b) 2,3

(c) 3–etyl–2–metylpentan (d) 2,3

(e) 4–etyl–3–metylheptan

3)3CH CH3–CH–CH3

CH3

CH3–C–CH3

CH3

CH3

CH3CH2–CH–CH2CH3

CH3

CH3CH2–CH—CH2CH2CH3

CH3 CH3

3)4C

(c) (CH3)2CH–CH(CH3)2

(d) (CH3)3C–CH2CH3

(e)

(f)

B

CH3–CH—C—CH—CH3

CH3 CH3

CH3 CH2—CH3

CH3–CH—C—CH2—CH–CH2–CH2–CH3

CH3

CH3

CH2CH3 CH2CH3 (a)

(b)

D C4H10

E C6H14

F (CH3)3CH

G