Các thì trong anh văn

Note: không dùng will trong mệnh đề chỉ thời gian bắt đầu bởi when, as soon as, after, before, until, once.. Thay vào đó phải dùng simple present hoặc present perfect IX.. - giống như f

- Present: simle present

present continuous

- Past: simple past

past continuous

present perfect

present perfect continuous

past perfect

past perfect continuous

- Future: simple future near future future continuous future perfect future perfect continuous

S + V/ Vs/ Ves

S + don’t/ doen’nt + V

Do/ does + S +V?

- Diễn tả 1 chân lý, 1 sự thật hiển nhiên, 1 định luật khoa học

- Diễn tả 1 thói quen, 1 hành động lặp đi lặp lại nhiều lần

- Diễn tả sở thích, giới thiệu

- Keyword:

♥ every ( day, week, month, year, one,….)

♥ one, twice (số đếm) a week/ month,…

♥ always, usually, sometimes, ofteb,…

S + tobe (am/ is/ are) + (not) + Ving

Tobe + S + Ving?

- Diễn tả hành đông đang diễn ra ngay tại thời điểm nói

- Diễn tả hành đông đang diễn ra không nhất thiết ngay tại thời điểm nói ( ở thời gian dài hơn)

- Keyword: now, right now, at the moment, at present, …!

III SIMPLE PAST & PRESENT PERFECT

S + Ved/ V2

S + didn’t + V

Did + S + V?

- Diễn tả hành động ở quá khứ có thời điểm

xác định

- Diễn tả hành động hoàn toàn chấm dứt ở

quá khứ

- Keyword: ago, yesterday, this, in (1993,

…), last

- Ex: I learned Japan 3 years ago

S + have/ has (not) + Ved/ V3 Have/ has + S + Ved/ V3?

- Diễn tả hành động ở quá khứ không có thời diểm xác định

- Diễn tả hành động kéo dài đến hiện tại

- Keyword

♥ Just: vừa mới

♥ Already: đã rồi

♥ Yet?: rồi chưa?

♥ Not…yet: chưa…xong

♥ Ever: đã từng

♥ How long: bao lâu

♥ Up to now = so far: cho đến bây giờ

♥ Recenly = lately: thời gian gần đây

♥ Several times: vài lần

♥ Since, for, since then, never, many

- I’ve learned Japan for 3 years

S + have/ has + been + Ving

Have/ has + S + been +Ving?

- Diễn tả hành động liên tục, tạm thời, và không nhấn mạnh đến kết quả

- Ex:

♥ She has been sleeping for hours You must wake her up

♥ Because of the high price of meay, people have been eating less meat

♥ I’ve been doing the accounts all afternoon

S + tobe (was/ were) + (not) + Ving

Tobe + S + Ving?

- Diễn tả hành động đang xảy ra trong quá khứ

- Keyword: at…yesterday, last, at this time, yesterday, when, while

S + Ved/ V2

S + tobe + Ving + when + S + Ved/ V2

S + tobe + Ving

S + Ved/ V2 + when + S + tobe + Ving

VI PAST PERFECT

S + had ( not) + Ved/ V3

Had + S + Ved/ V3?

- Diễn tả hành động hoàn tất trước một hành động khác trong quá khứ, hoặc trước một thời điểm xác định trong quá khứ

- Keyword: after, before, by the time, when

S + Ved/ V2 + after + S + had + Ved/3

S + had + Ved/3 + by the time/ when/ before + S + Ved/ V2

VII SIMPLE FUTURE

S + will/ will not (won’t) + V

Will + S + V?

- Diễn tả hành động se xảy ra ở tương lai

- Keyword: next, soon, someday, tomorrow,…

- Dùng “will” cho 1 quyết định nhất thời ( ngay lúc nói) Trước đó người nói chưa quyết định hoặc chưa

biết trước ( chưa chuẩn bị)

- Dùng “will” để diễn đạt sự phỏng đoán chủ quan, thường đứng sau “ I think/ suppose, I’m sure?

Probably”

- “Will/ won’t” dùng trong các trường hợp:

♥ Tự nguyện giúp đỡ Ex: A: I’m tired!

B: Ok I’ll help you with the wasing up

♥ Đưa ra lời yêu cầu Ex: Will you please stop making noise

♥ Đưa ra lời hứa Ex: I won’t tell anyone this serect

♥ Đưa ra lời mời Ex: Will you come to my party!

- Shall I/ shall me: đưa ra lời đề nghị ( giúp đỡ hoặc làm 1 việc gì đó)

A: This bag is too heavy!

B: Shall I carry it for you!

VIII NEAR FUTURE ( BE GOING TO)

S + tobe ( am/ is/ are) (not) going to + V

Tobe + S + going to + V?

- 1 hành động sắp xảy ra, hoặc dự định sắp tới ( thường thuộc câu không có cụm thời gian)

Ex: A: My dad is going to retire

B: Where are you going to spend your holidays?

- Khi đã có quyết định trước đó

Ex: A: Kate is in the hospital

B: Yes, I know I’m going to visit her

- Dự đoán 1 sự việc sắp xảy ra dựa trên cơ sở khách quan, tình huống có thật

Ex: A: Look! There are some many dark clouds

B: It’s going to rain

Note: không dùng will trong mệnh đề chỉ thời gian bắt đầu bởi when, as soon as, after, before, until, once Thay vào đó phải dùng simple present hoặc present perfect

IX FUTURE CONTINUOUS

S + will/ won’t + be + Ving

( Wh-) + will + S + be + Ving?

- 1 hành động sẽ đang xảy ra vào 1 thời điểm ở tương lai

Ex: She will lying at the beach in May next year

- Nếu có 2 hành động ở tương lai: 1 hành động đang diễn ra (future continuous) ,1 hành động khác xen vào (simple present)

Ex: Tomorrow when I arrive, what will you be doing?

X FUTURE PERFECT

S + will/ won’t + have + Ved/3

(Wh-) + will + S + have + Ved/3?

- 1 hành động sẽ hoàn tất vào 1 thời điểm cho trước ở tương lai ( thường dùng cho câu có cụm từ chỉ thời gian như by + mốc thời gian, by the time, by then)

Ex: I’ll have finished word by noon

They’ll have buit that house by July next year

XI FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS

S + will/ won’t + have been + Ving

(wh-) + will + S + have been + Ving?

- giống như future perfect nhưng nó có tính liên tục và thường có khoảng thời gian trong câu

- Ex: By November, we’ll have been living in the neighbor for 30 years

By September 5th, I’ll have been teaching in NCT highschool for 20 years

TENSES ( CONT)

1 Simple present - Simple present

- Khi các hàn động diễn ra liên tiếp nhau hoặc thói quen ở hiện tại

- Ex: Every morning when I go to school by bus I like to sit by the windown

2 Present continuous - Present continuous

- tại 1 thời điểm trong hiện tại các hành động đang diễn ra

- Ex: At 9:00 tonight when I’m doing my homework, my mom is kitting

3 Simple present - Present continuous

- 1 hành động xảy ra trước đang xảy ra thì có 1 hành động khac1xua61t hiện đột ngột, chen vào làm cắt ngang hành động trước thì

♥ Hành động trước dài: Present continuous

♥ Hành động cắt ngang ( sau), ngắn : Simple present

1 Simple past – simple past

- Như Simple present - Simple present

- Ex: He opened the door, turned on the light when he arrived home

2 Past continuous - Past continuous

- tại 1 thời điểm trong quá khứ các hành động đang xảy ra

- Ex: While I was cooking, my children were watching the cartoon

3 Simple past – Past continuous

- Như Simple present - Present continuous

- Ex: When I was doing my homeword, my mom call me from the kitchen

4 Since ( kể từ khi)

S + V ( present perfect continuous) + since + S + V ( sipmle past)

- Ex: I have been of teaching Japan since I graduated from univesity in 2000

5 Past perfectr – Simple past

- khi hành động xảy ra trước ( chấm dứt ) ( past perfect) , hành động khác xảy ra sau ( simple past)

- Ex: Because I went home, I had finished my work

III CỤM FUTURE

1 Simple present – Simple future

- Trong mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ thời gian không được dùng thì tương lai phải dùng hiện tại đơn

When + S + V (s.present), S + V (s.future)

- Ex: when ypu see her, you will give her my letter

- Dùng mệnh đề chính ở tương lai đơn khi sư việc, hành động diễn ra bình thường

2 Simple present – Future continuous

When + S + V (s.present), S + V (future cont)

- Ex: when father arrive home tomorrow night, his children will be watching a cartoon on TV

- Ta dùng mệnh đề chính ở tương lai tiếp diễn khi 1 hành động xảy ra ở tương lai đúng vào lúc hành động khác đang diễn ra ( 2 hành động xảy ra //)

3 Simple present – Future perfect

When + S + V (s.present), S + V (future perfect)

- Ex: when they arrive Vn next June, the builder will have finished

- Dùng mệnh đề chính ở tương lai hoàn thành khi đến 1 thời điểm ở tương laihành động thứ nhất xảy ra vào đúng lúc hành động khác sẽ hoàn tất

WORD FORM

- ance: variance

- ancy: vacancy

- ation: violation

- dom: freedom

- ence: conference

- er: worker, speaker

- ion: vision

- ism: tourism

- ment: development

- ness: happiness

- or: actor

- ship: scholarship

- ty: quality

II ADJECTIVE ENDINGS

- able: comfortable

- al: practical

- ant/ ent: independent

- ful: careful

- ible: visible

- ic: automatic

- ish: childish

- less: homeless, parentless

- ly: lovely, friendly, lonely,…

- ly ( adj – adv ): daily, weekly, monthly,

yearly, quarterly, early

- ous: serious

III ADVERB ENDINGS

- ly: franky, quickly, annually ( hàng năm),…

- ward: forward, toward, upward

- wise: clockwise( cùng chiều kim đồng hồ),

counter – clockwise = anti – clockwise

III VERD ENDING

- en: strengthen, widen,…

- ify: identify, siginfy,…

- ize: realize, recognize,…

COMPARISION

I COMPARATIVES ( So sánh hơn)

S + V + adj/adv+ er + than + S

S + V + more + adj/adv + than + S

- Ex: Lan is taller than Hoa She looks more beautiful than her mother

- Note: có những tính từ dài đọc 2 âm nhưng vẫn đc xem là ngắn tận cùng có chữ : -y, -ow, -er

II SUPERLATIVES ( So sánh nhất)

S + V + the + adj/adv + est +…

S + V + the most + adj/adv + ….

-Ex: She runs the fastest in my class

He is the most intelligentest student in my class

- Note:

IV DOUBLE COMPARITONS ( So sánh kép)

1 So sánh lũy tiến ( càng ngày càng)

a Diễn đạt sự tăng dần

…er more er…

…more and more…

- Betty is youger and youger

- Her story was more and more attractive

b Diễn đạt sự giảm dần

…less and less…

- He became less and less interested in politics

2 So sánh đồng tiến ( càng…càng)

- The older I get, the happier I am

- The more dangerous it is, the more I like it

- The hotter it is, the more miserable I feel

V SO SÁNH KÉM HƠN, KHÔNG BẰNG

S + V + less + adj + than + S

S + V+ (not) + as + adj + as + S

S + V + the lest + adj/ adv +….(kém nhất)

- Tu is less tall than Bao

- Tu isn’t as tall as Bao

VI SO SÁNH GẤP (2,3,…) ( số đếm + ss =)

S + V + (not) + as + adj + a/an + N + as + ….

REPORTED SPEED ( CÂU TƯỜNG THUẬT )

- Ex: Thu says: “I’m learning Enghlish now”

→ Thu says she’s learning English now

- Notes:

♥ Must có thể giữ nguyên hay đổi thành had to

♥ Should/ ought to giữ nguyên

♥ If loại 1 → If loại 2 → ( có thể giữ nguyên) → If loại 3

I Me My Mine Myseft

He/ She Him/ Her His/ Her His/ Hers Himself/ Herself We

Us Our Ours

They Them Their Thiers

Ourselves Themselves Today/ to night

Now Tomorrow Yesterday Next ( week ) Last ( week ) Ago This/ these Here

That day/ that night

Then The next day/ the following day The day before/ the previous day The next ( week)/ the following ( week ) The ( week ) before/ the previous ( week )

Before That/ those there

Simple present Simple past Present perfect Present continuous

Past continuous Present perfect continuous

Modals

Simple past Past perfect Past perfect Past continuous Past perfect continuous Past perfect continuous Past modals

I R.S OF YES/ NO

♥ Mom said: “ Are you doing your homework?”

→ Mom asked me if/ whether I was doing my homework

♥ Mom said: “ Are you ready, Ann?”

→ Mom asked Ann if she was ready

♥ Dad said: “ Did you go out with your friends last night?”

→ Dad asked me if I had gone out with my friends the night before

♥ Teacher said: “ Hve you finish your tests yet?”

→ Teacher asked us if we had finished our tests yet

II R.S OF WH- QUESTION

♥ Tan sai: “ Where did you go last night, Lan?”

→ Tan asked Lan where she had gone the night before

♥ Mom said: “ Where were you a few minutes ago?”

→ Mom asked me where I had been a few minutes before

VI R.S OF IMPERATIVE/ REQUESTS

♥ Dad said: “ Bring me a cup off coffee”

→ Dad told/ asked/ ordered me to bring him a cup of coffee

♥ Teacher said: “ Don’t talk in class!”

→ Teacher order us not to talk in class

VII R.S WITH SOME SPECIAL VERBS

- Should/ ought → to advise/ encourage + O + to V (not to V)

- Ex: “I should say nothing about it if I were you”

→ My brother advised me to say noting

- would you like → invite + O + to V

- Ex: “Would you like to have luch with me on Saturday, Emma”

→ Nick invited Emma to have luch with him on Saturday

- remember to…! → Remind + O + to V

- Ex: “ Remember to switch the computer off!

→ He reminded me to switch the computer off

- Don’t → warn + O + to V

- Ex: “Don’t go too near the edge of the cliff, boys!”

→ He warned the boys not to go too near the edge of the cliff

- Would you mind + Ving → ask + O + to V

- Ex: “Would you mind not smoking in the theater?”

→ He asked must no to smoking in the theater

- All right → agree + to V

- Ex: “ All right We’ll delay the meeting until 11th July”

→ The committee agreed to delay the meeting until 11th July

- Let’s + V/ what about + Ving → suggest + Ving/ suggest + S + should + V

- Ex: “ Let’s stay here till the storm has passed”

→ Laura suggest staying the till the storm had passed

- Should have + Ved/3 → criticize + O + for + (not) Ving

- Ex: “Social services should have taken more action to protect street children”

→ They criticized social services for not taking more action to protect street children

- Really must + V → insisted on + Ving

- Ex: “ I really must go home now It’s too late”

→ She insisted on going home then beacause it was too late

- Shall me = do you want me to → offer + to V

- Ex: “ Do you want me to type this document for you?”

→ Joe offered to type that document for me

- Show me → order + O + to V

- Ex: “ Show me your passport, will you?”

→ The customer ordered me to show him my passport

- Be not going to → refuse + to V

- Ex: “I’m just not going to the party tonight”

→ Nora refused to go to the party that night

- Will → promise + to V

- Ex: “ I’ll repair the leg of this desk rigt now

→ My husband promised to repair the leg of this desk rigt then

WISH CLAUSES

Simple present → S + wish (es) + S + V (simple past) ( were )

Simple past → S + wish (es) + S + V (past perfect)

Simple future → would/ wouldn’t

Can → could/ couldn’t

Ex: I don’t have time → I wish I had time

Last year I failed the exam → I wish I hadn’t failed the exam last year

I will buy the new hat → I wish I wouldn’t buy the new hat

Wish sb sth (n) = chúc

Ex: I wish you success in life

I wish you happy ever after

Wish + (O) + to do = would like

Ex: Everyone wishes to become rich

I wish her to come home soon

IF CLAUSES

I TYPE 1 ( FUTURE )

If + S + V/ Vs/ es S + modal + V

- Đk có thật ở hiện tại hoặc tương lai

- Dễ thực hiện, không liên quan đến hoàn cảnh thực tế

- Chưa xảy ra

- Ex: If I have money, I will/ can travel

- Nếu câu đk diễn tả 1 chân lý, 1 sự thực, 1 định luật khoa học thì dùng 2 vế ở simple present

- Ex: If we heat water at 100oC, it boils

- Nếu câu đk ở mệnh đề chính là câu cầu khiến thì cả câu ở type 1

- Ex: If you see John, please give him my phone

II TYPE 2 ( SIMPLE PAST )

S + Ved/ 3 + O S + modal + V

- Đk không thực ở hiện tại, khó thực hiện, có liên quan đến hoàn cảnh thực tế

- Ex: If I was you, I wouldn’t do it

If I had money, I would travel

III TYPE 3 ( PAST PERFECT )

S + had + Ved/ 3 S + modal + have + Ved/ 3

- Đk không có thực ở quá khứ, khó thực hiện, có liên quan đến hoàn cảnh thực tế

- Ex: I didn’t go to the university If I had gone the University, I would have been enginer

♣ NOTE

- Type 3 có thể bỏ If và đảo ngữ

Ex: If I had gone to university, I would… Had I gone to university, I would….

- Type 2 có thể bỏ If ( có was/ were ) và đảo ngữ

Ex: If I were you, I would… Were I you, I would…

- Unless = If…not ( chỉ có 1 vế thay đổi, hoặc vế trước hoặc vế sau

Ex: If it doesn’t rain, we will go out Unless it rain, we will go out

If it rain, we will stay home Unless it rain, we won’t stay home

- Mixed type ( đk pha trộn/ hỗn hợp) ( type 2 + 3), 2 thời điểm phải khác nhau

Ex: If you hadn’t eaten to much cake last night, you wouldn’t be sick today

If she loved him, she would have stayed with him

PREPOSITIONS

- Giờ

- night/ noon/ mignight/ midday/ sun set

- lunchtime/ bedtime

- Christmas/ Easter

- Ngày ( trong tháng ) -- Sunday/ Monday….September 5th…

- Tuesday, October 2nd, 2008

- Christmas Day/ New Year’s Day

- Saturday moring/ Friday everning…

- A cold night/ a beautiful morning

- Mùa

- Khoảng thời gian trong ngày

- June/ July…

- 1998/ 2000…

- The 1960s…

IN THE END = AT LAST Cuối cùng thì

AT THE END ( of sth ) Vào cuối

At the beginning of sth Vào đầu

+ for + N

- He usually works in the morning, but sometimes he works at night

- I was born on August 31st, 1993

- What do the English normally eat at Christmas?

- I never go out on a cold night like this

- Shall we meet at lunchtime today?

- We usually go on long holidays in the summer

- In the end, they sold their house and left the town

- They intend to leave the town at the end of this month

- You can start work here at the beginning of June

- I got to the station just in time to catch the train

- Mr.Tan is always on time He never comes to work late

RELATIVE CLAUSES

Who

Subject Object

- The man works in my office He phoned me

→ The man who phoned me works in my office

- The man works in my office You met him

→ The man who you met works in my office.

- The man is Lan’s boyfriend You saw him on TV

→ The man whom you saw on TV is Lan’s boyfriend.

Which

Subject Object

- The car belongs to John It hit my car

→ The car which hit my car belongs to John

- The car belongs to John My car hit it

→ The car which my car hit belongs to John

- That ( = who/

who

m/

whi

ch)

với

đk

tiền

ngữ

là

nou

n

khô

ng

xác

địn

h,

thư

ờng

đặt

sau

Có chức năng y như

who, whom, which

- Khi tiền ngữ là

noun xác định Danh từ riêng

Danh từ đặt sau

this, that, these, those,

- A woman is standing over here She is a doctor

→ A woman that is a doctor is standing over here

- Yến is a nice girl I was telling you about her

→ Yến that I was telling you about is a nice girl

- Mr.Tan, who is a famous doctor, is my father

- This hat, which is red, is my sister

- My car, which I like very much, has crashed into a lamp

post

“a,

an,

the

”

- Trường hợp

khô

ng

đượ

c

dùn

g

that

- Trường hợp

bắt

buộ

c

dùn

g

that

tính từ

sở hữu/

sở hữu cách ( lúc này mệnh

đề phải

có dấu

“,”)

- Khi tiền ngữ là

noun hỗn hợp ( người + vật)

- Khi tiền ngữ đứng

sau “all, little, much, many,e very, none, no,…”

- Noun đứng sau so

sánh nhất hoặc số thứ thự

- I’ll give you everything that you need

- She’s the most beautiful girl that I’ve ever known

- She was the frist woman that swam scross the Manche

chanel

Whose + noun Thuộc sở hữu “của

ai” ( =

of whom/

of which)

- This is a happy woman Her son won the 1st prize

→ This is a happy woman whose son won the 1st prize

Where: mà ở

đó = at/ in/ on + which

- He showed me the house He used to live in the house

→ He showed me the house in which he used to live → He showed me the house where he used to live

- This is the place The plane crashed there

→ This is the place at which the plane crashed → This is the place where the plane crashed