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Family Planning as an Economic Investment Strategy

1.The United Nations says greater access to familyplanning would save developing countries more than $11 billion

2.A new UN report says the savings would come from of care formothers and newborn babies The "State of World Population 2012" reportwas 3.It says over 200 million women in the developing world cannotget or other family planning services It says $4 billion a yearcould provide these women with reproductive information to reduceunplanned or unsafe abortions

4.The report says about $2 billion a year would contraceptives tomeet the needs of developing countries The report says to familyplanning is a good economic It says having fewer children hasbeen countries in Europe and North America

5 The UN Population Fund says one-third of the growth ofAsia's is the result of increased use of family planning services.Sub-Saharan Africa has some of the biggest unmet .family

6.The report says modern contraceptives are not in countries such

as Chad and Niger But contraceptives are not enough There are ,political and .that prevent access to birth control

7 In , women are encouraged to have large families and to avoid

or limit the use of contraceptives.The Population Fund says family planning helpscountries 8.A recent study said Nigeria's economy would grow by at least $30 billion dollars ifthe fell by just one child per woman in the next 20 years

Obesity Rises Among Children in Developing Countries

1.The World says there has been an increase in the number ofchildren in developing countries who 2.In African countries, the WHO says the number of or obese

children is as high as it was 20 years ago Around the world,about 43 million children under the age of five were overweight in 2011 3 height, weight and age to measure whether a person isunderweight, ., overweight or obese Overweight and obesechildren are to become overweight andobese 4.They are also at of developing like diabetes and heart disease Francesco Branca is the director of theWHO for Health and Development He says governmentsshould providing vitamins for children

5.And they should have on how food

is to children But reducing the number of overweight childrenwill not be easy The to meet, even in wealthy countries 6.Experts say lowering obesity rates is in countries that alsohave high rates of But the WHO hassome

7.The organization says people should ., sugar, salt andprocessed food This can be more fruits and vegetables andincreased 8.These goals are especially important for children The WHO also says mothersshould for at least the first six months, if possible 9.The for the WHO's World Health Assembly is

to in the percentage of overweight children in the next 12years

Car Index' as a Measure of Economic Progress for Middle Class

1.The International Fund says worldwide growth is weaker than expectedbecause of economic in Europe and the United States But there is

2.The number of cars being made is on the That is a sign that the world'seconomy is moving in the Measuring economic progress, especially forgroups like the ,is not easy

3.But a little known economic is beginning to gain acceptance The called "car index" is an to measure the world's middleclass the number of people who cars

so-4.Experts say that the number of people who own cars in the developing world

is increasing That is because there are about 70 countries with

a .of about 3 billion people who are quickly animportant level: $4,000 per person

5.Experts say when that level is , a country's middle class increases veryquickly This rise in income means greater demand for goods thatare non-essential

6.And many of these goods are in Japan, Germany and the United States.The International Monetary Fund says .spending in developed nationshas since the economic of 2008

7.The fund's .director, Christine Lagarde, points to the .inEurope and problems in the United States economy as threats to Growthcould be slower than the IMF had earlier in the year

8.On the other hand, show consumer spending in developing countries hasincreased three times than in developed economies

In England, a Hotel for Chickens

1.More and more British people are their own chickens But these chickenowners have a .: what to do with their chickens when they go

on A woman named Julie Smith has their prayers 2.She has opened a chicken hotel in the English countryside to the birdswhen their owners are Julie Smith named her hotel the Fowlty Towers.The name is a on words from the British television about

a hotel called Fawlty Towers

3.But Julie's hotel houses fowl, or chickens And she wants to they have awonderful stay She gives them lots of individual and feeds themfresh every day

4.She the eggs they lay, and gives them to their owners whenthey She even takes the chickens for walks in her hen stroller Englandhas faced times during the global

5.Julie Smith .that she has been able to develop a business aroundher Her specialized business has done well She has thirteen chickens ofher own They are hens

6.That means she uses the eggs and sells them Also, she knows she is providing a servicefor her Now clients even come to her from outside the ofKent where she lives, in England

7.Recently she kept a woman's hens when she went into the to have ababy At night, the chickens stay in hen houses But during the day they can free-range in a But, Julie Smith only takes hens, which are birds Nomale birds are

Students Try to Cut Federal Budget in Online Game

1.Some people think of politics as a game But an online game peoplethink of themselves doing one of the in American politics: cutting thefederal The game is called Budget Hero

2.Students in Los Angeles and other cities have been playing it Budget Hero letsthem how they want to spend federal tax dollars The game usesinformation from the Congressional Budget Office

3.It shows what .each cost-cutting proposal would have High schoolstudent Dory Bennett says she thinks spending cuts are needed to keep the economygrowing and keep the American

4 "I want to grow up, go to college, get , have kids maybe, a dog and ahouse." The students the same issues facing lawmakers in Washington.The game was developed in two thousand eight.

5 In the newest ., students make decisions about what spending isimportant to them Do they want to .? Spend more onenvironmental ? What about defense spending? Making these decisionshelps clarify their 6.Jane Harmon is a Democratic representative from California.She in Congress for almost twenty years She now heads the WoodrowWilson Center for International Scholars, which helped Budget Hero 7.Ms Harmon says the students are having more than Congress atcutting the budget More than one million people have played it , shesays, and she thinks they have learned two things: "One, how hard it is,but two, that it can be done if there's a will to do it." Student Jeffrey Burke agrees.8."The hardest thing for us to was the little cuts like the gas money andstuff, increasing taxes on gas, because we felt it would have effects everywhere fromthe .shipping our stuff across the country, or when you order fromAmazon or whatever, to you drive when you're going to work 9.I think we need to look at the little things and that just because they'resmall money doesn't mean they're small effects."Joaquin Alvarado is withAmerican Media, an organization that also helped thegame

10.He says many of the players "will literally in the ask that Congressplay this game to just get a little rational around the questions that have to be answered."

Some Websites Judge You by the Kind of Computer You Use

1.Recently the Wall Street Journal had a report about the companyOrbitz The newspaper said Orbitz shows Mac users travel choices at thetop of search than users of Windows 2.The company began doing this after research that people who use Maccomputers spend up more for hotels than people with PCs Former Orbitzemployee Cameron Yuill is of a digital media and technology companycalled AdGent He says, "Mac users to be more affluent than PC users,

so why not them with the messages that are going to resonate with

them?"

3.This kind of price discrimination is also known as dynamic pricing Cameron Yuill says

it is a very common , especially in the travel industry He puts it this way,

"Next time you're on a , ask the person next to you what they paid for their 4." For example, if you are a business traveler or you bought your ticket atthe ., you will always get charged more Companies havealways information about their customers But now they have a lot more ways

5.Eric Martin is a at Boost Partners, a management company He says a salesperson in a store can only certain things aboutyou based on your Online sellers, however, have far more information towork with, information about which website you to them 6.Eric Martin says, "The people that you you online can't see you at allphysically But they know that, , when you came to Orbitz you may havebeen directed there by Kayak." Kayak is itself a site, and that may thenlead Orbitz to believe that you're searching for 7.Information about the referring site is only one of the things that a site like Orbitz willconsider Is the person a ? Which hotels has this person viewed in thepast? Websites this kind of information by placing small files known as

8.In the case of Orbitz, Mac and PC users were actually given the .However, they appeared in different For Mac users, the higher-pricedhotels showed up higher in the Orbitz says ninety percent of its usersbook a hotel that on the first page, and mostly in the listings

1.United Nations that the world reached people on Octoberthirty-first No one can be sure The United States Census Bureau does not the seven billionth baby until

2 are growing faster than economies in many poor countries in Africa andsome in Asia At the same time, low fertility in Japan and many Europeannations have raised about labor shortages 3.Population experts at the United Nations estimated that the world reached

in October They predict nine billion by and ten billion by

4.China's population of one and a third billion is the world's largest India issecond at 1.2 billion But India is expected to China and reach one and ahalf billion people around 5.India will also have one of the world's populations Economists say this is

a chance for a so-called demographic dividend India could from the skills

of young people in a growing economy at a time when other countries have .populations

6.But economists say of economic growth, although high, maynot enough jobs Also, education system is failing tomeet and schooling is often of poor quality Another concern

7.Nearly half of India's children under the age of five are malnourished Sarah Crowe at theUnited Nations Children's in New Delhi says these two problems "couldkeep India back." The malnourishment many children are unable to grow totheir in school, and later to earn money and pay into the economy 8.Out of every two hundred million children who start school, she says, only tenpercent grade twelve Michal Rutkowski is the director of development in at the World Bank He says the seven billionth person waslikely to be a girl born in Uttar Pradesh 9.Uttar Pradesh is one of India's and most crowded states,with two hundred million people He says reaching seven billion people inthe world is a good time for a call to He says, "Public policy needs tobecome really, really about gender equality and about toservices

Breastfeeding in the First Hour After Birth

1.Sometimes taken at the right time can do a lot of good A newreport says more than 800,000 babies could .each year if all mothers beginbreastfeeding within the first hour after giving birth Save the Children

2 It calls breastfeeding one of the best ways to malnutrition Hunger is

a killer of children under the age of five Carolyn Miles

is of Save the Children She that getting mothers tostart breastfeeding can sometimes be the .3.The first milk from mothers is called colostrum This is a highly form

of breast milk Colostrum helps build the baby's system and works best

in the first hours after a mother 4.Colostrum is , sticky breast milk The World Health Organization calls

it the " food for the newborn." Save the Children it as achild's "first immunization." But Carolyn Miles says, in some , there is amistaken that colostrum is dangerous 5.She says mothers in a lot of places around the world the colostrum.The World Health Organization says mothers should their babies onlybreast milk for the 6.Carolyn Miles says babies do not need anything else After six months, the WHO saysbreastfeeding should continue .other foods up to two years of age or beyond 7.The Save the Children report, called " for Babies," barriers to breastfeeding These cultural beliefs as well as

a health workers in developing countries 8.Carolyn Miles says health workers, with , can help mothers start andcontinue to breastfeed

As the World Ages, Economies Will Change

1.The world is getting older As more people each year,fewer people will be there to them This has effects not only

in the ., but in the world of finance

2.The bond rating Moody’s says the aging will lead to a drop

in household This could mean that total investments will fall

3.Some reports have Japan, Italy and Germany as the world’s “Super Aged” That is the name for countries in which of the population is

4.Elena Duggar is of Moody’s Sovereign Risk Division She says changes

in many populations are .quickly In five years, six more countries

will the list of super-aged nations.

5 And 34 nations will be super-aged by the year 2030 Elena Duggar says this will have abig on labor and savings Kishore Kulkarni is with theMetropolitan University of Denver 6.He says n is one way to reduce the of an aging population.Older spend money differently that younger ones and experts say thatdifference the economies of countries 7.But, Kishore Kulkarni believes that career training andproductivity from technology could .for the drop in thenumber of workers He also says that an aging population will be less of a problem incountries were older people are highly 8.And most agree that young workers will have to and retirelater than today’s older workers

Africa Could Lose 30 Percent of Its Plants and Animals by 2100

1 researchers met in Cameroon to talk about threats toAfrica’s land and animals They said they believe the continent may asmuch as .of its animal and plant species by the end of this 2.They blame the losses on the of the Earth, growthand development.The researchers represent 20 African, American andEuropean universities They say countries south of the Saharan arelosing faster than any place on 3.Wood companies are .trees to meet growing fromChina, Europe and the United States The population is growing three percent each year 4.There are now homes, and farms on land that once was forest ManyAfrican animals and plants have a place to live as a Climate change also continues to species 5.Thomas Smith is with the University of California He says Africa may lose 40 percent

of its species because of expected rises in The Africanchimpanzee is among the mammals 6.Mary Katherine Gonder is a at Drexel University in Philadelphia,Pennsylvania She chimpanzees in the Congo Basin She says their forest

7.She also says continue to kill the animals to as food

The researchers say it is important to develop friendly economies 8.The Congo Basin area of and central Africa has the second-largestequatorial in the world It is important to the lives of millions of people.

Turn Negative Writing Experiences Into Positive Ones

1.Today we hear expert for academic writing Jennifer Ahern-Dodson is

an professor of the Practice in Writing Studies at Duke University

2.Ms Ahern-Dodson likes to start a with both students and professorsplanning to write a paper or She asks about their earlierwriting Were they negative or positive? 3.She says you are not if you have had problems with your writing.Everyone with writing "Writing is hard It's hard for allwriters ," she says 4."And at some point you are going to a roadblock," she adds.She to think about earlier experiences When the writing is going well,what was happening? When the writing was not , what was happening? 5.She says most people's negative writing experiences happened because avery formula or page limit was .6.Another problem can when the need to do well on a paper

is important ., she says, can make it harder to get the

7.Ms Ahern-Dodson says when writing comes easily, the writers believe they havesomething important to say She advises asking yourself questions.What can you bring to your paper? 8.Why does this matter? What is its importance? For whom is

it .? Who will be reading it? You can ease writing by placingyour on what you have to That, says Ms Ahern-Dodson, is an important change for all

China's Alibaba to Sell Stock on the New York Stock Exchange

1.Investors in the United States are for the first public sale of stock in theChinese company Alibaba The company by linking buyers and sellers inthe Chinese online market