Managing SQL Server 2000 Agent Job

In this lesson, you will learn about: Creating and Managing SQL Server 2000 Agent alerts Creating operators Creating and Managing SQL Server 2000 Agent jobs Troubleshooting SQL Server 20

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In this section, you will learn about:

•Creating and managing SQL Server 2000 Agent alerts

•Creating operators

•Creating and managing SQL Server 2000 Agent jobs

•Troubleshooting SQL Server 2000 Agent jobs

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In this lesson, you will learn about:

Creating and Managing SQL Server 2000 Agent alerts

Creating operators

Creating and Managing SQL Server 2000 Agent jobs

Troubleshooting SQL Server 2000 Agent jobs

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Managing SQL Server 2000 Agent

Jobs Lesson 2B / Slide 2 of 31

2 Which of the following variables refers to the type of backup device that you want to use?

a) Database_name b) Database_backup_filename c) Transactionlog_backup_filename d) Device_type

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Managing SQL Server 2000 Agent Jobs

Pre-Assessment Questions

3 Which of the following keywords does the SQL Server 2000 Enterprise

Manager use to identify a corrupted database?

a) SUSPECT b) VERIFYONLY c) WITH DIFFERENTIAL d) FILEGROUP

4 Which of the following reasons refers to unpredictable situations?

a) Hardware Failures b) Natural Disasters c) Intentional Data Loss d) Accidental Data Loss

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Pre-Assessment Questions

5 Which of the following backup methods of SQL Server is used to speed

up the backup operation?

a) Full Backup b) Filegroup Backup c) Transaction Log Backup d) Parallel Striped Backup

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Solutions to Pre-assessment Questions:

Ans 1 c Differential Filegroup Backup

Ans 2 d Device_type

Ans 3 a SUSPECT

Ans 4 b Natural Disasters

Ans 5 d Parallel Striped Backup

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Customers.mdb

Sales.mdb

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I NTRODUCING SQL S ERVER A GENT

S ERVICE

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Introduction to SQLServerAgent

Service

• SQL Server 2000 provides SQLServerAgent service to administer

programmatically certain administrative tasks or server events that

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• Operators receives the notification from SQL Server Agent using

one of three messaging methods: E-mail, Pager, Net Send.

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• Using jobs, you can define schedules for the execution of task

• In addition, using jobs you can define the administrative task that can be monitored for success or failure each time it executes

• The defined tasks can be executed on one local server or multiple remote servers.

SQL Server 2000 provides the SQLServerAgent service to programmatically administer certain administrative tasks or server events that occur regularly The

SQLServerAgent service uses three components to accomplish this task They are:

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An operator is a user, who receives the messages when an alert is fired Operators receive the notification from SQL Server Agent using one of three messaging

methods:

E-mail: SQLServerAgent service sends notifications to operators using e-mail

This is possible only if SQLAgentMail has been previously configured The SQLServerAgent service should be using the domain user account that must have a MAPI messaging profile on the computer on which SQLServerAgent is running You can also use group e-mail to send notifications to multiple

operators However, you need to test the e-mail configuration before sending the notifications to the operators

Pager: SQLServerAgent service sends notifications to operators using a pager

This notification is implemented using e-mail and a third-party paging software Since pager notifications require an e-mail, SQLAgentMail must be configured In addition, you need to prepare a work schedule for each operator who needs to

be notified by pager If the job requiring notifications for an operator conflicts with the work schedule, then the notification fails

Net Send: This utility is provided by the Windows NT and 2000 operating

systems and is used to send messages across the network NET SEND utility requires the Windows Messenger service to be running on the receiving and the transmitting computers

You can define a new operator using SQL Server Enterprise Manager or by executing

sp_add_operator system stored procedure The definition of operator is stored in the msdb.sysopeartors system table

Jobs

A job is a series of steps that are performed sequentially by SQLServerAgent Using jobs, you can define schedules for the execution of task In addition, using jobs you can define the administrative task that can be monitored for success or failure each time it executes The defined tasks can be executed on one local server or multiple remote servers

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I NSTRUCTOR N OTES

Next, you need to discuss about SQL Server 2000 alerts in detail Also tell the students about the attributes of SQL Server alerts and messages Now, tell the students about creating alerts using the Create Alert wizard of SQL Server 2000 Enterprise Manager To explain the process of creating alerts, present the students with a business problem that requires creating alerts using the Create Alert wizard Discuss the solution of the problem in detail You can divide the solution in to logically related tasks for better understanding of the process Now, you can ask the students

to perform the process of creating alerts using the SQL Server 2000 Enterprise Manager as a practice exercise Finally, discuss the steps to review the details of the existing alerts and alert history using SQL Server 2000 Enterprise Manager You can end the session by telling the students about troubleshooting SQL Server agents, jobs, and alerts

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C REATING AND M ANAGING SQL

S ERVER 2000 A GENT A LERTS

You can use the components of SQL Server 2000 Agent services such as alerts to provide notification for various events You can create alerts using the Create Alert Wizard of the SQL Server 2000 Enterprise Manager

Introducing Alerts

• The different types of system alerts are stored in the sysmessages table

of the master system database of SQL Server 2000.

• You can define your own alerts using SQL Server 2000 Enterprise Manager and store them in the sysmessages table.

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Introducing Alert (Contd.)

• The following are the main attributes of the SQL Server alerts and their messages:

with the previously defined alerts in the msdb.sysalerts system table If a match is

found during the comparison process, an event alert is fired The SQL Server Agent

processes these alert and checks the msdb.sysnotifications system table to send

notification, such as e-mail, pager, or net send In addition, SQL Server Agent checks

the msdb.sysoperators system table to identify the operator for sending notification

SQL Server Agent also monitors SQL Server performance objects and counters If the value of the performance object and their associated counters is lower than, equal to,

or more than the specified value of the object and their counters, the SQL Server

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Error number: Each error has a unique number

Message string: It contains information about the cause of the error, place

where the error has occurred, and the object concerned with this error

Severity: It is a numeric value Low numeric value of severity indicates

information messages whereas high numeric values indicate serious errors

State code: It is used to find the source code location of the error and is used by

Microsoft support engineers

Procedure name: It contains the name of the stored procedure if the error has

occurred in a stored procedure

Line number: It indicates the line number of the Transact-SQL statement in the

stored procedure, which has caused the error

You need to be a member of the sysadmin server role, to define

alerts

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C REATING A LERTS

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Creating Alerts Using Create Alert

Problem Statement

The System Administrator, James of Mac Aluminum, Inc wants to generate an alert for the backup operations of all databases James wants to fire an alert when an insufficient resource occurs during backup operation Finally, James wants to assign the name of the generated alert as ‘Database Backup’

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Solution

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Task List

• Open the New Alert Properties dialog box.

• Define the severity level.

• Specify the database in which error must occur.

• Verify that the alert has been created.

To solve the preceding problem, perform the following tasks:

1 Open the New Alert Properties dialog box

2 Define the severity level

3 Specify the database in which error must occur

4 Verify that the alert has been created

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1: Open the New Alert Properties dialog box

Action:

1 Click StartÆAll ProgramsÆMicrosoft SQL ServerÆEnterprise Manager,

to open the Enterprise Manager console of SQL Server 2000

2 Expand Console RootÆMicrosoft SQL ServersÆSQL Server Group Select

the default instance

3 Expand the default instance Select and expand the Management option, to reach the SQL Server Agent.

4 Expand SQL Server Agent Right-click Alerts and select New Alert from the

pop-up menu to open the New Alert Properties dialog box

Ensure that the SQL Server Agent Service is running

5 In the Name text box, enter Backup Database, as shown

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2: Define the severity level

Action:

1 Under Event alert definition section, select 017-Insufficient Resources

option from the Severity drop-down list, as shown

3: Specify the database in which error must occur

Since James wants to fire an alert for all the databases, hence all the databases need

to be selected from the Database name drop-down list

Action:

1 Verify that All Databases is selected in the Database name drop-down list

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4: Verify that the alert has been created

Result:

You can view the details of all the existing alerts using the SQL Server 2000 Enterprise

Manager It is essential that you must be a member of the sysadmin server role to

view the details of the existing alerts The following are the steps to view the details, properties, and history of the existing alerts using SQL Server 2000 Enterprise Manager:

1 From SQL Server 2000 Enterprise Manager, expand the Microsoft SQL

ServerÆ SQL Server GroupÆ SQL Server default instanceÆ

Management option

2 From the Management option, expand the SQL Server Agent option

3 Select the Alerts option The details pane displays all the existing alerts

4 In the details pane, click the Name column to sort the displayed alerts

5 The Enabled column displays the status of the displayed alerts

6 The details of the alerts, such as Severity, Error, Last Occurred, Email,

Pager, Net Send, and Count are also displayed, as shown

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To view the properties of an alert, right-click the specified alert and select the

Now, you can explain creating operators and fail-safe operators using SQL Server

2000 Enterprise Manager To explain the process of creating operators and fail-safe operators, present the students with a business problem that requires creating an operator and a fail-safe operator Discuss the solution of the problem To help the students to effectively understand the process, divide the solution in to logically related tasks and then explain each task in detail

Additional Inputs

Using Transact-SQL to Create Operators

You can create operators using the sp_add_operator system stored procedure of Transact-SQL The following is the syntax of the sp_add_operator system stored

procedure:

sp_add_operator [@name = ] ‘name’ [, [@email_address = ] ‘email_address’ [, [@pager_address = ] ‘pager_address’

In the above syntax:

The @name keyword takes the value specified with the name variable

The name variable refers to the name of the operator to be created

The @email_address keyword takes the value specified with the email_address variable

The email_address variable refers to the e-mail address of the newly created operator

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The pager_address variable refers to the pager address of the newly created operator

You can use the sp_update_operator system stored procedure to update the

existing operators

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C REATING O PERATORS

an SQL Server 2000 Operator To designate James as an Operator, the System Administrator wants to configure the operator options in SQL Server 2000 The System Administrator wants the notification of result

of backup operations should be done through e-mail, and NET SEND utility of Windows operating system The e-mail, and NET SEND addresses of James are ‘james@macaluminium.com’ and ‘James’

respectively In case of failure on notifying the message to the Operator, the System Administrator wants to notify the results of backup operations to another operator Scott who is designated as a fail- safe operator by SQL Server 2000

Problem Statement

The System Administrator of Mac Aluminum, Inc wants to monitor backup operations and their results for all the databases The System Administrator wants to assign this task to James and designate him as an SQL Server 2000 Operator To designate James as an Operator, the System Administrator wants to configure the operator options in SQL Server 2000 The System Administrator wants the notification of result

of backup operations should be done through e-mail, and NET SEND utility of Windows operating system The e-mail, and NET SEND addresses of James are

‘james@macaluminium.com’ and ‘James’ respectively In case of failure on notifying the message to the Operator, the System Administrator wants to notify the results of

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Solution

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Task List

• Configure operator details.

• Configure notification details.

• Configure fail-safe operator details.

• Verify the operator configuration.

To solve the preceding problem, perform the following tasks:

1 Configure operator details

2 Configure notification details

3 Configure Fail-safe operator details

4 Verify the operator configuration

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1: Configure operator details

You can define a new operator using SQL Server Enterprise Manager or by executing

sp_add_operator system stored procedure The definition of operator is stored in the msdb.sysoperators system table

Action:

1 Select StartÆAll ProgramsÆMicrosoft SQL ServerÆEnterprise Manager,

to open the Enterprise Manager console

2 In the Console Root, expand Microsoft SQL ServersÆSQL Server

GroupÆDefault instanceÆManagementÆSQL Server Agent container

3 Right-click the Operators container and then click the New Operator option,

to open the New Operator Properties dialog box

4 Type James in the Name text box

5 Type James@macaluminium.com in the E-mail name text box

6 Type James in the Net send address text box

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2: Configure notification details

In the Notifications screen, you can select one or more alerts that will be notified to the operators You can also specify new task by selecting Job option

Action:

1 Click the Notifications tab

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2 Verify that the Alerts option is selected in the Notifications screen Select Backup Database as the Alert Name and select E-mail, and Net Send as

the notification media, as shown

3 Click the OK button to close the New Operator Properties dialog box

3: Configure Fail-safe operator details

A fail-safe operator is an operator who receives the message, when SQL Server Agent services fails to deliver the message to the defined operator

1 Right-click the SQL Server Agent and select the Properties option to open

the SQL Server Agent Properties dialog box

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2 Click the Alert System tab In the Fail-safe operator section, select New

Fail-Safe Operator from the Operator drop-down list, as shown

3 The New Operator Properties dialog box appears In the Name text box,

enter Scott.

4 In the E-mail name text box, enter Scott@macaluminium.com In the Net send address text box, enter Scott, as shown

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6 Verify that the Notify using option as E-mail is selected In addition, select

the Net send option, as shown

7 Click the OK button to close the SQL Server Agent Properties dialog box

4: Verify the operator configuration

Action:

Click the Operators in the console tree Notice that James and Scott operators appear

in details pane

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I NSTRUCTOR N OTES

Next, tell the students about jobs in SQL Server 2000 Tell the students that jobs are

a set of steps performed sequentially by SQL Server Agent services Explain job steps and tell the tell the students that the following job steps are supported by SQL Server 2000:

Operating system commands or CMDExec commands

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C REATING AND M ANAGING SQL

S ERVER 2000 A GENT J OBS

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Creating and Managing SQL Server

2000 Agent Jobs

• Jobs can be defined as a set of tasks performed sequentially by SQL

Server 2000 Agent services

• The action performed by jobs on database or server is known as job

steps SQL Server 2000 supports job steps that can be:

• Operating system commands or CMDExec commands

• Transact-SQL statements

• Microsoft ActiveX scripts

• Replication tasks

• Job Step Process:

• You can configure a job step to perform multiple jobs sequentially

on success or failure of a job process

• A job process can also be configured to quit or report its success or

failure For example, you can program a job step to continue with the subsequent steps or quit the job and report its success or failure.

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Creating and Managing SQL Server

2000 Agent Jobs (Contd.)

Export Database

Update Database

Backup Database Success Report

Failure Report

On Success

On Failure

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