How To WRITING A SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH ARTICLE

Slide Structure – Good Use 1-2 slides per minute of your presentation  Write in point form, not complete sentences  Include 4-5 points per slide  Avoid wordiness: use key words and p

WRITING A SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH

ARTICLE

Components of a paper

TitleAbstractIntroductionExperimentalResults & DiscussionConclusion

Acknowledgments & References

“To improve mechanical properties……”

- Which one? Tensile? Bending? Bursting?

- For what applications?

- Better for one application may be the opposite for another

“CNT solution in organic acids”

- All? Which did you investigate? Formic- or acetic acid.

Titles

- Full names of all authors according to order

of involvement in the work

Names & Affiliations

- Affiliations of all authors i.e which Institution/Organization you belong to

 Simply tell the reader two things:

1.What was done

2.Important results obtained

 Do not:

1.Provide history or narrative

2.Speculate -possible uses, etc

3.Include data that is not in the manuscript

Introduction with references

 A brief history of the subject Most

Introductions are unnecessarily long

 A minimum of 30%, and as many as 70+% of all references are usually cited in the Introduction

A reference is something you may wish to refer

to for further information

This section has two purposes:

To convince readers that the work has been done systematically and thoroughly using

appropriate equipment

To allow readers to repeat the experiments if they wish to check (doubtful) results, prepare the same materials etc

This section contains ALL information needed for another person to repeat the experiment:

Sample preparation: Techniques with delivery

rate, time, temperatures, heating rates etc

Sources of materials: Origin, purity, particle size, mol weight etc

Analytical & measurement techniques

Experimental

 A paper is centered around the Results

First get them organized What to include?

Any photographs?

How will I present them -Figures and/or tables? Do I need to combine results with discussion?

Figures & Tables

 Make sure whether each one is important

 Do not duplicate data in figures and tables Which shows the data more clearly?

 If possible separate from the Results

 But sometimes results must be discussed in order to logically point to the next stage in the experiment In this case combine Results and Discussion

really important here

subject

 Try to lead naturally to the Conclusion

 This is NOT the same as a summary like the

Abstract Authors often do mistake in

distinguishing ‘Abstract’ and ‘Conclusion’

 Conclusion only highlights the major outcome NEVER make conclusions that cannot be justified

or are not mentioned in the main text

Making PowerPoint Slides

Avoiding the Pitfalls

of Bad Slides

Slide Structure – Good

 Use 1-2 slides per minute of your presentation

 Write in point form, not complete sentences

 Include 4-5 points per slide

 Avoid wordiness: use key words and phrases only

Slide Structure - Bad

 This page contains too many words for a

presentation slide It is not written in point

form, making it difficult both for your audience

to read and for you to present each point

Although there are exactly the same number of points on this slide as the previous slide, it

looks much more complicated In short, your audience will spend too much time trying to

read this paragraph instead of listening to you

Slide Structure – Good

 Show one point at a time:

saying

Slide Structure - Bad

 Do not use distracting animation

 Do not go overboard with the animation

 Be consistent with the animation that you use

Slide Structure - Bad

 Distracting animation

Injection speed ： 4.0 m/min

Winding speed 　 ： 35~70 m/min (depending on the coagulant ) 　

Dry-jet Wet Spinning

Air gap

Water wash

Consistent animation

PVA/chitin composite

films

1200 1300 1400 1500 1600 1700 1800 1900

Consistent animation

Fonts - Good

 Use at least an 18-point font

 Use different size fonts for main points and

Fonts - Bad

 If you use a small font, your audience won’t be able to read what you have written

 CAPITALIZE ONLY WHEN NECESSARY IT

IS DIFFICULT TO READ

 Don’t use a complicated font

Colour - Good

 Use a colour of font that contrasts sharply with the background

 Use colour to reinforce the logic of your

structure

– Ex: light blue title and dark blue text

 Use colour to emphasize a point

– But only use this occasionally

Background - Good

 Use backgrounds such as this one that are attractive but simple

 Use backgrounds which are light

 Use the same background consistently

throughout your presentation

Background – Bad

 Avoid backgrounds that are distracting or

difficult to read from

 Always be consistent with the background that you use

Graphs - Good

 Use graphs rather than just charts and words

– Data in graphs is easier to comprehend & retain than is raw data

– Trends are easier to visualize in graph form

 Always title your graphs

Table - Bad

Expressing Table Data in Graph

Stress-strain behavior of PVA/SWCNT fibres

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 0.0

0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

Young’s modulus (GPa)

 Minor gridlines are unnecessary

 Font is too small

 Colours are illogical

 Title is missing

 Shading is distracting

Spelling and Grammar

 Proof your slides for:

 If English is not your first language, please have someone else check your presentation!

 Use an effective and strong closing

 Use a conclusion slide to:

Giving thanks and Questions??

“Thank you for your kind attention”, or

“Thank you for listening”

slide to: