Luyện thi cấp tốc môn lịch sử

- Muc dich cua Lien hcfp quoc la duy t r i hoa binh va an ninh the gidi, phat trien cac moi quan he huTu nghi giuTa cac dan toe va tien hanh sii hop tac quo'c te giufa cac niiofc tren cc

(GV chuyen Sit trit&ng chuyen Le Khiet)

LUYEN THI CAP TOC

MON

•

THEO CAU TRUC DE THI

CUA BO GIAO DUG VA DAO TAG

N H A X U A T B A N D A I H O C S i / P H A M

Chju trach nhiem xuat

ban:

Gi am d oc : DIN

H NGO

C BA

O

Td ng bien tap: DIN

H VA

N VA

NG

Chju trach nhiem ngi

dung va ban quyen:

Nh as ac

h HON

G A

N

Bien tap ngi dung:

KIEU T RA

VO TH

! TH

QA

Ma s6': 02.02.1037/1181 PT201

2

LUYEN THI CA

d 1

7 x 24cm tai Con

P nga

y 13/1/2012

QOXB so: 1283

/Qe

- OHS

P nga

y 11/10/2012

In xong va n6p li/u chieu quy i nam

2013

Cling cac em hoc sinh than men!

Hien nay, viec t i m ra con dtfcfng ngSn nhat, it ton thcfi gian nhat ma van dat hieu qua cao trong viec on luyen thi mon Lich suf nghe chifng nhi/ kho khan ddi vdi cac em hoc sinh khoi 12, dac biet 1^ nhOrng em c6 nhu cau t h i dai hoc khoi C Cung nhif cac mon hoc khac, hoc tap mon Lich suf phai c6 phtfcfng phap dung vdi dac thii cua no Chung ta difng nham tiidng rkng, hoc tap Lich suf chi

CO gang nhd cho bang diigc cac sti kien, cac nien dai lich sCf la du, la xong va vi

vay nhieu em qua vat va trong viec co ghi nhd, nhiing cuoi cung vkn "hoc trifdc,

quen sau" Viec hoc tap nhii the, kho mong doi dat difdc ket qua cao trong khi lam bai thi mon Lich stf

De giiip cac em khSc phuc nhCfng kho khan do, hi/dng cho cac em t i m ra con dirdng ngan nhat trong viec tiep thu kien thufc mon Lich suf Idp 12, chuan bi thi

dai hoc khoi C, chung toi bien soan cudn " L U Y E N T H I C A P T O C MON

L I C H SU" On tap la de giiip cac em nam lai toan bo nhflng kien thufc rat ccf

ban cua chtfong trinh Lich suf Idp 12 Luyen t h i la de giiip cac em tiep can vdi cac cau hoi cd tinh chat vCra md rpng, vCra nang cao, tiicfng ufng vdi cac cau hoi thifdng gap trong cac k i tuyen sinh dai hoc mon Lich suf Nam vufng kien thufc

CO ban va tra Idi diiqc cac cau hoi on tap trong sach nay, cac em se vufng t i n

btfdc vao cac k i t h i trtfdc mat

Sach gom ba phan:

Phdn mot: He thong kien thiic Lich sii the giai til nam 1945 den nam 2000 Phdn hai: He thong kien thiic Lich sH Viet Nam til nam 1919 den nam 2000

(M6i phan he thong kien thufc, c6 neu cau hoi va hiTdng dan tra Idi rat cu the)

Phdn ba: Gidi thieu de thi dai hoc tic nam 2005 den nam 2012

Hi vong rang, " L L T ^ N T H I C A P TOC MON L I C H Sl>' se la tai lieu hOU ich

ddi vdi thay c6 giao va cac em hoc sinh trong viec day va hoc mon Lich suf Idp 12 Mac dau cd nhieu cd gang trong bien soan, song khd tranh khoi nhufng sai sot,

rat mong sq g6p y chan thanh tii quy thay c6 giao va cac em hoc sinh

T A G GIA

3

PhAN M " T

HE THONG KIEN THLfC UCH SLf THE GlCfl

TLf NAM 1 945 DEN NAM 2000

T R A T TLT T H E Gidl SAU CHIEN TRANH T H E Gldl THUf HAI

I (1945-1949)

1 Hpi nghi lanta va s\i thoa thuan ciia ba ci^ofng quoc

(Lien X6) vdi sif tham dii ciia nguyen thu ba ciidng quoc Lien X6, M i , Anh Hoi

nghi da diTa ra nhufng quyet dinh quan trong:

+ Nhanh chong tieu diet chij nghia phat xit Dufc va chij nghia quan phiet Nhat

+ Thanh lap to chiic Lien hcfp quoc

+ Phan chia pham vi anh htfdng giuTa ba cifcrng quoc d chau Au va chau A

- He qua: NhOrng quyet dinh ciia Hoi nghi lanta cung nhufng thoa thuan sau

do cua ba ctidng quoc da tro thanh khuon kho ciia trat ta the gidri mdi, thiidng

2 Si^ thanh lap Lien hoTp quoc

- TLJ ngay 25/4 den ngay 26/6/1945, mot hoi nghi quo'c te Idn da hop tai-Xan

Phranxixco (Ml) de thong qua ban Hien chifcfng va tuyen bo' thanh lap Lien hgp quoc

- Muc dich cua Lien hcfp quoc la duy t r i hoa binh va an ninh the gidi, phat trien cac moi quan he huTu nghi giuTa cac dan toe va tien hanh sii hop tac quo'c

te giufa cac niiofc tren ccf so ton trpng nguyen tac binh d&ng va quyen t i i quyet cua cac dan toe

- Nguyen tac hoat dong:

+ Binh ding chu quyen giufa c^e quo'c gia va quyen t\i quyet cua cac dan toe

+ Ton trong toan ven lanh tho va doc lap chinh t r i ciaa tat ca cac nLfdc

+ Chung song hoa binh va sii nhat t r i giufa 5 n\idc Idn: M i , Anh, Lien X6,

Trung Quoc

- Cac ecf quan: Dai hoi dong Hoi dong Bao an, Ban Thif k i Ngoai ra con c6

Hoi dong Kinh te - Xa hoi Hoi dong Quan thae, Toa An quo'c te

LIEN X6 VA CAC NUCfC DONG AU (1945 - 1991)

LIEN BANG NGA (1991 - 2000)

1 Lien X6

a Cong cuoc khoi phuc kinh te d Lien X6 (1945 - 1950)

^ Hoan canh lich sijf:

Lien X6 l

i nghie

p h

i ta

n pha

* N hS ng t ha nh ti^u dat difgfc :

- Na

m 1949, Lie

xdy dUng

cd sd vat chat

- ki thuat cua

CNXH (tH

nam 1950 den nika

ddu nhitng nam 70)

- Lie

n X

6 trd thanh ctfdng quo

- V

e do

i ngoai: Lie

2 Ca c

- Ca

c nUdc

dan chu nha

t k

3 Qu an he

a Quan

he kinh

te, van hod, hhoa

hoc

ki thuat

- Nga

y 8/1/1949, Hg

i don

g Tuon

g tr

n X6, Anbani, B

a Lan, Bungari, Hunggari

, Rumani, Tie

g ho

a Cub

a (1972), Con

-l thuat, khdn

b Quan he chinh tri - qudn syC

- Ngky 14/5/1955; cac ntfcrc A n b a n i , B a L a n , B u n g a r i , C H D C Dtfc, H u n g g a r i , Lien X6, R u m a n i , Tiep Khac da hop t a i Vacsava, cung n h a u k i H i e p ifcrc hOu n g h i , hcfp tac v a tifcfng trcf d a n h dau si/ r a dcfi cua To chuTc H i e p i/crc Vacsava

- Muc t i e u : t h a n h l a p l i e n m i n h p h o n g t h u ve q u a n siT v a c h i n h t r i cua cac

4 L i e n b a n g N g a ( 1 9 9 1 - 2000)

Sau k h i L i e n X 6 t a n r a , L i e n b a n g N g a l a "quo'c gia ke tuc L i e n X 6 "

- Ve dol n o i , N g a p h a i do'i m a t v d i h a i t h a c h thufc lorn l a t i n h t r a n g k h o n g

on d i n h do sii t r a n h chap giuTa cac d a n g p h a i va nhOfng v u x u n g dot sdc toe

- Ve m a t do'i ngoai, m o t m a t N g a nga ve p h i i o n g T a y v d i h i v o n g n h a n di/Oc

sU ung ho ve c h i n h t r i v a sii v i e n trcr ve k i n h te; m a t k h a c , k h o i phuc v a p h a t

t r i e n mo'i quan he v d i cac midc chau A

- TCf dau n a m 2000, c h i n h p h u cua T o n g tho'ng P u t i n c6' gSng p h a t t r i e n

k i n h te, cung cd n h a niJdrc p h a p quyen, on d i n h t i n h h i n h x a h o i v ^ n a n g cao v i the quo'c te cua nildc Nga

1 S i ^ t h a n h l a p ni^dfc C p n g h o a N h a n d a n T r u n g H o a v a t h a n h ti^u

10 n a m d a u x a y di^ng c h e do m d i (1949 - 1959)

lap, dufng dau l a C h u t i c h Mao T r a c h Dong

- Day l a sif k i e n c6 y n g h i a l i c h suf to 16n k h o n g nhOfng do'i vdri T r u n g Quo'c

ma con do'i v d i p h o n g t r a o g i a i p h o n g d a n toe t r e n t h e g i d i :

+ C h a m dilt hcfn 100 n a m no dich cua de quoc, xoa bo t a n dif phong kien Difa nirdc T r u n g Hoa biidc vac k i nguyen doc lap, t i i do va t i e n len chii nghia xa hoi + A n h h i f d n g sau sSc t d i p h o n g t r a o g i a i p h o n g d a n toe t h e g i d i

- De khac phuc t i n h t r a n g ngheo n a n lac h a u , dong t h d i xay difng v a p h a t

t r i e n dat nifdc, T r u n g Quo'c thiic h i e n t h a n g Igi cong cuoc k h o i phuc k i n h te (1950 - 1952) v a k e hoach 5 n a m dau t i e n (1953 - 1957) Bo m a t d a t ntfdc c6 nhuTng t h a y doi ro r e t

b i n h va t h u c day sir p h a t t r i e n cua p h o n g t r a o each m a n g t h e g i d i

Ngay 18/1/1950, T r u n g Qude t h i e t lap quan he ngoai giao v d i V i e t N a m

2 C o n g c u p c c a i e a c h - m d cvLa {tH n a m 1978)

- T h a n g 12/1978, T r u n g licfng D a n g C o n g san T r u n g Quo'c de r a diTcfng I d i doi m d i , mcf dau eho cong cuoc cai each k i n h te - xa h o i D i i d n g lo'i nay diicJc

F

na ng le

n th an

h di/cfn

g lo

i ch un

g cu

a Da

i ho

i XI

I (t ha ng 9/ 1982) , da

i XI

II (t ha ng 10/1987) cu

a Da ng : la

y ph

at tr ie

n k in

h t

e la

h v

a md cufa, chuye

n ne

n ki nh

te k

e hoac

h ho

^ ta

i trtfcrn

g x

a ho

i ch

u n gh la , nh km h ie

n da

oi ma ng m au s&c Tr un

g Quo'c , vdr

i mu

c tie

u b ie

n Tr un

g Quo'

c t ha nh

quo'c gi

a

giau m an

h, da

n ch

u v

^ va

n mi nh

- Sa

u 2

0 na

m thtf

c hie

n difcrn

g lo

i ca

i each , da'

t niidc

T ru ft

at nhOfn

g t ha nh tiiu to Idfn:

+ GD

P ta ng t ru ng b in

h h an

g nS

m 8%

; nS

m 2000 , GD

i th ie

n r

o re

t

+ Da

t nh ie

u th an

h tiA

i v

e kh oa hoc - k

l th ua

t, va

g 11/199

9 de

n th an

g 3/2003 ,

Tr un

g Quo'

c d

a ph on

g 4 con t au "

Th

an

Chau"

va ngay 15/10/2003,

ta

u "

Th an Chau 5" cun

g nh

a d

u h an

h Du on

g Lo

n vu t ry

- V

e do

i ngoai , Tr un

g Quo'

c c

6 n hie

u t ha

y doi

+ Da b in

n X6 , Vie

t Na

m, Mo ng

+ Md

r on

g qu an

he huf

u n gh

n the ' gidri

i quye'

t ca

c tr an

h cha

p quo'

c te

3 Sij

f th an

h la

p ca

c qu oc g ia d pc l ap

d

Do ng N am

A

a Vai net chung

ve qua trinh dau

tranh gianh doc lap

- TrUdr

c Chie'

n tr an

h t he gidri thu

f ha

g kh

u la thuoc dia cua

de quo

c A

u M

-i

Ng ay k

hi Nh

at Ba

h, nh an d an cac niJdr

c D on

g Na

m A n ha nh chong n

oi da

y gia

u bie

u la In do ne xia , Vie

t Na

m v^

L^o

+ Ng ay 17/8/1945,

nh an d an In do ne xia t uy en

+ Th an

g 8/1945 ,

nh an d an V ie

t Na

m tie'

n ha nh T on

t Na

m Da

n chi

i Co ng hoa r

a ddri

+ Th an

g 8/1945 ,

nh an d an cac b

o to

e La

o no

i day , de

n b

o do

c lap

- Sa

u do

, Xhxic

d an A

u M

-l qua

y tr

d l

ai ta

i chie'

m Do ng N am

g Na

m A la

i tie'

n h an

h k ha ng c hie

n ehon

g xa

m lifgc

+ Vdr

i t ha ng

\ai cu

a chie'

n dic

h D ie

n Bie

n Ph

u Vie

t Na

m (1954 ) buo

p di nh Gionevcf con

g nh an cac quye

n da

n to

e co

r b an

+ Th an

g 5/1949 ,

Ha L an p ha

i con

g nh an C on

g ho

a Li en b an

c C on

g ho

a In do ne xia t ho ng n ha

t dtfg

c th an

h lap

+ Cac nxidc A u - M i I a n lucrt cong n h a n doc l a p cua cac niTdrc P h i l i p p i n

(1946), M i e n D i e n " ( 1 9 4 8 ) , M a L a i (1957), X i n g a p o (1959), V i e t N a m , Lao, Campuchia (1975), B r u n a y (1984), D o n g T i m o (2002)

b Lao (1945 - 1975)

* Cugc khdng chien chong Phdp (1945 ~ 1954)

- N g a y 12/10/1945, c h i n h p h u Lao r a m a t quoc d a n v a t u y e n bo doc lap

- Tif n S m 1945 den n a m 1975, n h a n d a n L^o t i e n h a n h cuoc k h a n g c h i e n chong P h a p (1945 - 1954), r o i k h a n g c h i e n chong M l (1954 - 1975)

- T h a n g 2/1973, H i e p d i n h V i e n g C h a n dUcfc k i k e t ve l a p l a i hoa b i n h va thuc h i e n hoa h o p d a n toe cr Lao

- N g a y 2/12/1975, niidrc Cong hoa D a n chij N h a n d a n Lao e h i n h thufe t h a n h lap TCr do, nu'dc Lao btidre sang thcfi k i mdfi - xay difng dat nifdrc v a p h a t t r i e n

k i n h tS' - xa h o i

c Campuchia

- Tif cuoi n a m 1945 den n a m 1954, n h a n d a n C a m p u c h i a t i e n h a n h cuoc

doc lap cho Campuchia

- TCr n a m 1954 den dau n a m 1970, c h i n h p h u X i h a n u e thifc h i e n diidng l o i hoa b i n h t r u n g lap

- N g a y 17/4/1975, t h u do P h n o m P e n h diioc g i a i p h o n g , cuoc k h a n g c h i e n chong M l cua n h a n d a n C a m p u c h i a k e t t h u c t h a n g l o i

- Ngay 7/1/1979, t h u do P h n o m P e n h dtfoc g i a i p h o n g k h o i che' do K h o m e

do diet chiing, C a m p u c h i a biiorc vao thcfi k i h o i s i n h , xay d i i n g l a i d a t nxidc

- Tif n a m 1979 den n a m 1 9 9 1 , d C a m p u c h i a da d i e n r a cuoc n o i c h i e n keo dai hem 10 n a m giufa liic lifcfng cua D a n g N h a n d a n Cach m a n g vdri cac phe phai doi lap, chu yeu l a life lifang K h o m e do Sau cuoc t o n g t u y e n cuf t h a n g

9/1993, Quoc h o i mdri da t h o n g qua H i e n phap, t u y e n bo' t h a n h l a p Vuang quoc

Campuchia do N X i h a n u e l a m Quoc vifOng TC/ do, C a m p u c h i a h\i6c sang m o t

thcri k i m d i

4 Qua t r i n h xay difng v a phat t r i e n c u a cac nufdc Dong Nam A

Nhom 5 niidc sang lap ASEAN

- Sau k h i g i a n h difgc doc lap, n h o m 5 nircrc sang lap A S E A N deu t i e n h a n h eong nghiep hoa, xay diftig nen k i n h te t i i chu Tap t r u n g day m a n h p h a t t r i e n cac nganh cong nghiep san xuat h a n g tieu dung noi dia t h a y the h a n g n h a p khau

- T h a n h t i i u : dap uTng difgc n h u eau cua n h a n d a n , p h a t t r i e n m o t so n g a n h che bie'n, che tao g i a i quye't n a n t h a t n g h i e p

- Tif nhufng n a m 60 - 70 t r d d i , cac ruidc n a y ehuyen sang c h i e n lirgc lay

xuat k h a u l a m chu dao, thifc h i e n c h i n h sach " m o cufa" n e n k i n h te, t h u h u t v o n

t trie

n

ngoai thi/ong

- Than

h tiAi: t

t tr ie

n c ua to chu!c A SE

u bie

u l

a

Lien min

h cha

u Au

- Nga

y 8/8/1967, Hie

i s\i

tham gia cu

a 5

niidc:

Indonexia, Malaixia,

Xingapo, Tha

i La

n v

a Philippin

+ Than

g 2/1976, k

+ Md rong than

h vie

n cu

a ASEAN, nha

t l

a ti

f nufa sau tha

o v

a Mianm

a (1997), Campuchi

a (1999)

h te, an

6 Cu QC d au t ra nh g ia nh d oc l ap of

h th

e gidr

i thu

f hai, cuo

y 15/8/1947, A

n D

o v

a Pakixtan

7 Co ng

C UQ C

x ay dijfng

d at

- Nhd tien hanh cuoc "each mang xanh" trong nong nghiep, tii giOfa nhOfng

nam 70 cua the k i XX, A n Do da tiT tuc dtfoc lifcfng thiTc va den nam 1995, la ni/(Jc xuat khau gao dufng thijf ba tren the gi(5i

- Nen cong nghiep da san xuat difoc nhieu may moc nhiX may bay, tau thuy,

xe hoi, dau may xe lufa va suf dung nang li/ang hat nhan vao san xuat dien

- Ve khoa hoc - k l thuat An Do dang co gang vufon len h^ng cac cufcfng quoc

cong nghe phan mem, cong nghe hat nhan, cong nghe vu tru Cuoc "cAch mang chat xam" bat dau iii nhuCng nam 90 da diia A n Do thanh mot trong nhiJng n\idc san xuat phan mem Idfn nhat the gidri

- Ve do'i ngoai, An Do theo duoi chlnh sach hoa binh, trung lap tich ciic, luon luon ung ho cuoc dau tranh gianh doc lap cua cac dan toe

8 D a u t r a n h gianh dpc lap cf c h a u P h i

- Sau Chien tranh the gidi thuf hai, nhat la tii nhijfng nam 50, cuoc dau tranh gianh doc lap d i l n ra soi noi a chau Phi, khcri dau la Ai Cap va Libi thuoc Bac Phi

- Nam 1960 dtrgrc gpi la "Nam chau Phi" vdi 17 n\j6c diioc trao tra doc lap

- Nam 1975, cac ntfotc Modambich va Angola da lat do dLfcfc ach thong t r i cua thi/c dan Bo Dao Nha

trong cuoc dau tranh cho'ng che do phan biet chiing toe

- Dae biet nam 1993, tai Nam Phi da chinh thufe xoa bo che do phan biet chung toe va thang 4/1994 da tien hanh euoc bau cuf dan chu da chijng toe dau tien: Nenxon Mandela - lanh tu ngiidi da den ndi tieng t r d thanh Tong thong ciia Cong hoa Nam Phi Day la mot thang Igi c6 y nghia lich sijf, danh dau sii sup do hoan toan cua chu nghIa thiTc dan

9 D a u t r a n h gianh doc lap of Mi L a t i n h

- Sau Chien tranh the gidri thuf hai M l t i m each bien M l Latinh thanh "san sau" cua minh va xay diftig cac che do doe tai than M l

- Cuoc dau tranh cho'ng che do doe tai than M l bung no va phat trien Tieu

bieu 1^ thang Igi cua each mang Cuba diidri s\i lanh dao cua Phiden Catxtoro Ngay 1/1/1959, che do Batixta sup do, nxidc Cong hoa Cuba ra dcfi do Phiden

Catxtoro dufng dau

- Vao eae th§p nien 60 - 70, phong trao dau tranh cho'ng M i va che do doc

t ^ than M l a khu v\ic cang phat trien va thu nhieu thang Icfi

- Cao trao dau tranh vu trang bung no manh me d M i L a t i n h nen khu v\ic

nay difOc goi la "lue dia bung chay" Phong trao dau tranh vu trang chohg che

do doc tai d cAc ntfdte Venexuela, Goatemala, Colombia, Peru, Niearagoa, Chile,

En Xanvado da dign ra lien tuc

2000)

O MI

1 Kin

h te , kho

- Nguye

n nhan:

n nha

n

liTc do

i dao, trin

h d

o k

i thua

t eao, nan

g dong, san

g tao

c Doi ngoai

m b

a ehi

i th

e gidri B

g tra

o con

g nhan, phon

i da:

Sa

u Chie

n tran

h lanh, chin

n san

g chie

n dau

+ Tang CLfcrng khoi phuc va phat trien tlnh nang dong va sufc manh cua nen kinh te M i - •

+ Suf dung khaii hieu "Thiic day dan chu" de can thiep vao cong viec noi

bo cua nifdrc khac

- Muc tieu bao trum cua M i \k muoh thiet lap trat tif the gidri "dcfn ciic",

trong do M i trcr thanh sieu C L f d n g duy nhat, dong vai tro lanh dao the' gidfi

2 K i n h te v a c h i n h s a c h doi ngoai ciia Mi (1973 - 1991)

- Tii nam 1973 den nam 1982, kinh te M l lam vao suy thoai va khiing hoang

- Tii nam 1983 trcf di, kin h te M l phuc hoi va phat trien trcr lai M i van la

nifdc dvjfng dau the gidi ve sufc manh kinh te - tai chinh

b Doi ngoai

- Sau k h i that bai cf Viet Nam, M l phai k i Hiep dinh Pari (1973) va rut quan ve niforc, cac chinh quyen M i tiep tuc trien khai "chien liicfc toan cau"

- Vdfi hoc thuyet Rigan, M i tang ciicfng chay dua vu trang

- Tii giOfa nhCfng nam 80, M i cung Lien X6 tuyen bo cham duft Chien tranh

lanh, mcf ra thW k i mdri tren trifcfng quoc te

chien lifcfc "Cam ket va md rpng" Do la:

+ Bao dam an ninh ciia M i vdri liic liiong quan sif manh, sSn sang chien dau + Tang ciidng khoi phuc va phat trien tinh nang dong va sufc manh ciia nen kinh te M i

+ Sijf dung khau hieu "Thuc day dan chii" de can thiep vao cong viec noi bo cua niTdrc khac

- Sau k h i Chien tranh lanh ket thuc (1989), trat tif hai ciTc lanta tan ra (1991), M i t i m each viian len chi phoi, lanh dao the gidri Tuy nhien the gidri khong bao gicf chap nhan, vu khung bo ngay 11/9/2001 da chufng to dieu do

+ Nh ie

u th an

h pho , nh

a may , be

n cang , kh

u con

g nghiep , di/dn

g gia

o

th on

g b

i t

an pha

Ha ng tr ie

u ngLfcr

i chet

, m

at tic

h hoa

c b

i t

an phe

+ C

J P h^

p, na

a t on th

n, vd

i si

r c6 ' gan

g cia

a tCfn

g niidc

va vie

n tra

cua

MI tro

m 1950 , kin

c tri/d

c chie

n tr an

h

- TC

r t ha

p nie

70, ne

n kin

6 s\i

phat tr ie

n nh an

h

- TC

r da

u t ha

p nie

da tr

d t ha nh mot tro

-i ch in

at Ban) Ca

h, Phap ,

CH LB Dufc, Ita lia , Thu

y Die

c k

-i thua

t pha

t t rie

n cao , hie

n dai

n k in

h t

e n ha nh n hii vay l

at tr ie

n v

a a

p dun

g t ha nh cong ca

c th an

h tiA

i cu

a

each m an

g kho

a ho

c k

-l t hu

at hie

n dai

+ Nh

a niidc

dong va

i tro Idfn tro

ng vie

c qua

n li , die

u t ie

da ta

n da

u cu

a c hin

c nay

b Doi ngoai

Tro

ng kh uo

n k

ho cii

a chie

n tr an

h la nh

va tr

at ti

f the ' gidr

m 1973 , nh ie

ot ma

h sac

h lie

n mi nh chat ch

e vd

i M

i, ma

2 Kin

n khon

g o

n d in

la mo

t tr on

g b

a tr un

g t am k in

h t

e ta

-i c hin

ia d Tay Au gap kh on

g i

t kh

o k ha

ke vdf

i k hu ng hoang, su

y thoa

i vk

la

m phat , t ha

t nghiep

- Ta

y Au luon gap ph

ai si

f can

h t ra nh quyet lie

t ti

f p hia M

i, Nh

a tr in

n co

n nhie

u kh

o k ha

n v

a trd

f ngai

6. Doi ngoai

- T h a n g 11/1972; viec k i k e t h i e p d i n h ve nhufng ccf sd cua quan he giiJa Cong hoa L i e n b a n g Dufc va Cong hoa D a n chu Dufc l a m cho t i n h h i n h T a y A u

- Tiep do ve viec cac nifdc T a y A u t h a m gia D i n h \idc H e n x i n k i ve a n n i n h

va hop tac chau Au (1975)

- T h a n g 11/1989, bufc tiforng B e c l i n b i p h a bo, sau do k h o n g l a u , nifdc DuTc da

+ A n h v a n duy t r i l i e n m i n h chat che v6i M i

+ Phap va Dijfc trdr t h a n h nhuTng doi t r o n g vdri M i t r o n g n h i e u v a n de quoc

te quan t r o n g

+ Cac nqdrc T a y A u deu chu y mdr r o n g quan he k h o n g c h i vcri cac nUdfc tiX

ban phat t r i e n khac m a con ca v6i cac nqdrc d a n g p h a t t r i e n of A , P h i , M i

L a t i n h cung n h q vdfi cac nqdrc D o n g A u va L i e n X6 cu

- Tii sau ngay 11/9/2001, nhiJng v u k h u n g bo' ciia cac life Ixiang H o i giao cxic

doan luon de doa n e n a n n i n h cua n h i e u nLfdrc T a y A u

4 L i e n m i n h c h a u A u ( E U )

- Ngay 18/4 - 1951, 6 niidc T a y A u (gom P h a p , C H L B Dufc, I t a l i a , B i , H ^

L a n , Liicxambua) da t h a n h lap "Cong dong T h a n - T h e p chau A u "

- N g a y 25/3/1957, 6 nifdrc n a y l a i k i H i e p qdrc Roma, t h a n h l a p "Cong dong

N a n g li/qng nguyen tuf chau A u " v a "Cong dong K i n h te chau A u " ( E E C )

- D e n ngay 1/7/1967, ba to chufc t r e n da difqc hop n h a t l a i t h a n h "Cong dong chau A u " (EC), va t h a n g 12/1991, cac nJofc t h a n h v i e n E C da k i b a n H i e p

qdtc M a x t r i c h ( H a L a n ) , c6 h i e u lUc tii 1/1/1993, doi t e n t h a n h L i e n m i n h chau

A u ( E U )

- T r o n g t h a n g 6/1979, da di§n r a cupc bau cijf N g h i v i e n chau A u dau t i e n

T h a n g 3/1995, 7 mrdrc E U huy bo viec k i e m soat doi v d i viec d i l a i cija cong dan cdc nudrc nay qua b i e n gidri cua n h a u N g a y 1/1/1999, dong t i e n chung chau A u (EURO) da difoc c h i n h thufc dua vao suf d u n g d 11 nqdrc E U

- Nhi

J vay, de

n cuo'

i tha

p k

i 90, E

O NH AT B

AN

1 Ki nh te v

a c hi nh s ac

h d

oi ng oa

i ci ia N ha

t Ba

n (194

5 1973)

h t

e ta

p trung, trifd

h cha

t don

g toe)

+ Ca

i eac

h ruon

g dat, qu

-l thuat

, luo

n

tim each day nhan

+ (

3 Nha

t Ban, co

n to' quye'

t din

h

hang dau

+ Va

i tr

o lan

h dao, qua

t lifgrng, h

a gi

a than

h sa

n pham

n vie

n trg ciia

Ml sa

u chie

n tranh, dif

i quo

c phong, Ig

Tien (1950 -

-e la

m giau

- Tu

y nhien, ne

n kin

n s

o dong, ta

u nguyen, nhie

n lieu

+ C

o ca

u viin

g kin

a v

a Nagoia

+ Nhat Ban luon gap sir canh tranh quyet liet cua M l , Tay Au, cac niidrc

cong nghiep m6i (NIGs)

- Nhat Ban chii triiang lien minh chat che vori M i , Nhat sdm k i ket Hiep

\i6c hoa binh Xan Phranxico (8/9/1951), cham duft che do chiem dong cua Dong

minh vao nSm 1952

- Cung ngay, Hiep xidc An ninh Nhat - M l di/Oc k i ke't, dat nen tang cho

cho he giufa hai nUdc Theo do, Nhat Ban chap nhan siT bao ho hat nhan cua

M l , de cho M l dong quan va xay difng can C I J T quan sU tren lanh tho Nhat Ban

- Nhat Ban lien minh chat che vdri M i Hiep i/drc an ninh M l - Nhat k i nam

1951 CO gia t r i 10 nam, sau do c6 gia t r i vinh vien

va cung trong nam nay Nhat Ban thanh thanh vien cua Lien hgp quoc

2 K i n h te v a c h i n h s a c h doi ngoai ciia Nhat B a n (1973 - 1991)

a Kinh te

- Sau giai doan phat trien than k i , do tac dong ciia cuoc khung hoang nang lugng the gidri, tif nam 1973 trcf di, sir phat trien k i n h te ciia Nhat Ban thtfcfng xen ke vdri nhOrng giai doan suy thodi

- Tif nijfa sau nhSng nam 80, Nhat Ban da viTcfn len thanh sieu ciicfng tai chinh so mot the gidi vdri lugng dii trOf vang va ngoai te gap 3 Ian cua M i Nhat Ban cung la chu no Idm nhat the gidri

b Doi ngoai

- Vdri sufc manh k i n h te - tai chinh ngay cang lorn, tii nijfa sau nhOfng nam

70, Nhat Ban co gang di/a ra chinh sach do'i ngoai mdri nhxi "hoc thuyet

PhucLTda" (1977) va "Hoc thuyet Kaiphu" (1991)

- Nhat Ban thiet lap quan he ngoai giao vdri Viet Nam ngay 21/9/1973

3 K i n h te v a c h i n h s a c h doi ngoai cua Nhat B a n (1991 - 2000)

h Doi ngoai

- Tiep tuc duy t r i lien minh chat che vdi M l

- Coi trong quan he vdri Tay Au va md rong boat dong do'i ngoai vdri cac doi tac khac tren pham vi toan cau

- Tir dau nhijfng nam 90, Nhat Ban no life vifcfn len thanh mot ciTcfng quoc chinh t r i de xufng dang vdi vi the sieu ctfcfng kinht£cua_aurih VI tne sieu C U C f n g k i n h t.p m i n

V

QUAN HE QUOC

TE (1945 -

2000)

1 M au thuSn

Dong T ay v

n tr an

h th

e gidr

i thii

f h ai, h

ai cifcfn

g quo

c L ie

doi dau , da

h a

n n in

h t

he gidri , ba

o v

e nhufn

g

th an

h qu

a cu

a chi

i n gh

ia xa h

oi v

a da

y m an

h phon

g tra

o eac

h m an

i r

a suf

c chon

g ph

a L ie

g nhS

m thif

c h ie

g cun

g sa

u chie

n tr an

h c

6 quye

n l an

h da

o th

e gidri

- St

f kie

n dtfO

e x em la k hd

i da

u ch

o c hin

h sac

h chon

g Lie

n tr an

h l an

h cu

a M

i l

a b an th on

g die

p cu

a T on

g t ho

- Va

o da

u t

ha ng 6/1947,

ha

t l

a vie

c t ha

g 5/195

5 Lie

g A

u (

An ba ni,

Ba

La

n,

Hu ng ga ri, B un ga ri, C HD

C Dufc , Tie

p Khac , Rumani

) d

a t

ha nh lap to

chdfc Hie

p

ifdc Vacsava , m

ot lie

n m in

h c hin

h t

ri quan st

-f m an

g tin

O v

a t

o chuf

c H ie

ai phe Chie

n tr an

ca th

e gidri

2 Xu the ho

a hoa

n Don

g T ay va chien tranh

lanh cham

dvLt

- Da

u nhijfn

g n am

ng T ay

-i

+ Nga

y 9/11/1972 ,

ha

i nifdr

c Dufc : Con

g ho

a D an chu

i B on H ie

p d in

+ Cun

g tr on

g na

m 1972 , h

ai sie

u ctfcrn

g L ie

n X6 , M

n luf

a ( AB M), sau

do l

a H

ie

p d in

h h an

che

vu

hi tie

t l

a SA LT -1 )

+ Da

u t ha ng 8/1975, 3

h nhufn

g nguye

n ta

c t ro ng quan h

e giuf

a ca

c quo

c

gia nhif binh d i n g , chu quyen, siT ben vuTng cua difdng bi^n gidi, giai quyet hoa binh cac tranh chap.- -

gap cap cao, nhat la txi nSm 1985 k h i Go6cbachdp len cam quyen d Lien X6

- Thang 12/1989, trong cuoc gap khong chinh thOfc t a i dao Manta (Dia Trung Hai) Tdng B i thtf Dang Cong san Lien X6 Goocbachop Tdng thong

Ml Buscf da chinh thijfc cung tuyen bo' cham duft Chien tranh lanh

- Chien tranh lanh cham duft da md ra nhieu hirdng nhOfng dieu kien

giai quyet hoa binh cac vu tranh chap, xung dot dang dien ra a nhieu khu viTc

tren the gidri

3 T h e gidri s a u c h i e n t r a n h l a n h

- Sau nhieu nam t r i tre va khung hoang keo dai, tcri nhOCng nam 1989 - 1991 che do xa hoi chu nghia da bi tan ra d cac nifcfc Dong Au va Lien bang X6 viet

- Ngay 28/6/1991, Hoi dong Ttfcfng trcf K i n h te (SEV) tuyen bd giai the va

sau do ngay 1/7/1991, td chufc Hiep lidc Vdcsava cham duTt boat dong Vdri "ciTc" Lien Xd tan ra, the "hai ciic" cua hai sieu cifcfng khong c6n niJa, M i la "cxic" duy

nhat con lai

phufc tap

Mot la, trat tiT the gidri hai ciTc da sup do nhung trat tiT thg' gidri mdri lai dang trong qua t r i n h hinh thanh

lifoc phat trien, tap trung vao phat trien kinh te

quyen M l ra sufc thiet lap trat tiT the gi(Ji mot ciTc de M i lam ba chu the gidri

khu vifc tinh hinh lai khong dn dinh w6i nhOfng cuoc ndi chien, xung dot quan

sii d i m mau keo dai

- Btfdrc sang the k i X X L vdri sif tien trien ciia xu the hoa binh, hcfp tac vk

phat trien, cac dan toe h i vong ve mot ti/cfng lai tdt dep cua loai ngiXcfi

CACH MANG KHOA H O C - C O N G NGHE

1 CuQC e a c h m a n g k h o a h o c - c o n g n g h ^

a Nguon goc

- Do nhOfng doi hoi cua cuoc sdhg, cua san xuat nhSm dap dfng nhu cau vSt chat va tinh than ngay cang cao ciia con ngUcfi

- Do t i n h hinh bung nd dan so the gidri v^ siT vcfi can nghiem trong cac

nguon tki nguyen thien nhien

-l thua

t hie

n dai, mo

- Ha

n che:

moi tnicrng

2 Xu the toa

- Xe

t v

e ba

n chat, toa

c quo

c gia, ca

g mai, ta

m ba

t c

d hoi, viTd

t qu

a thac

h thdc, pha

DjNH C HU NG V E

UCH

SL

T T HE G ld l

TlS

I SA

U CH IE

N TR AN

H TH

E Gi

dl THU

f HA

I DE

chia thanh hai phe tif ban chu nghia xa hoi chu nghia do hai sieu ciiisng M l

Lien X6 diJng dau moi phe

Au, chu nghia x a hoi da vifcft r a khoi pham v i mot ntforc, t r d thanh mot he

thong the' gidi

- Ngay sau Chien tranh the gidri thijf hai, mot cao trao giai phong dan toe da

- Trong nufa sau the k i XX, h e thong de quo'c chu nghia da c6 nhi]fng bien

chuyen quan trong

trifcfng k h a lien tuc, difa lai nhuTng t h a y doi v e c h a t t r o n g co cau c u n g nhii xu

hiTorng p h a t trien v a h i n h t h a n h cac trung tam k i n h te I6n cua the gidi

+ Diidi tac dong to lorn cua each mang khoa hoc - k l thuat, nhat la sif phat

trien manh me cua liic liJcrng san xuat, cac niidrc t\i ban ngay cang c6 xu hifdng

lien ket kinh te khu vifc, tieu bieu la sii ra dcfi tif hofn 40 nam qua cua cgng

dong kinh te chau Au (EEC) ma ngay nay la Lien m i n h chau Au (EU) M i , E U

va Nhat Ban da trcf thanh ba trung tam kinh te lorn ciia the gidfi Mac du c6 sii

mau thuan von c6 ciia no

- So vdfi cac giai doan lich suf the gidi tnidc day, chi/a bao gid cac quan he

qudc te lai md rong va da dang nhii trong nijfa sau the k i XX Nhufng net noi

+ T i n h trang doi dau gay gat giCfa hai sieu ctfdng, hai phe ma dinh cao la

tinh trang Chien tranh lanh keo dai tdi hon bo'n thap k i

+ Tuy nhien, cac quoc gia van ciing ton tai hod binh, viCa dau tranh, viCa

hap tdc. Ca hai sieu ctfdng cung nhif cac ni/dc khac deu y thufc ve nhufng hiem hoa khung khiep khong liJdng het difoc ciia mot cuoc chien tranh hat nhan Cuoi cung, chien tranh lanh cha'm duft, the gidi chuyen dan sang xu the hoa hoan va hoa diu, doi thoai va hgp tac phat trien

- Tii sau Chien tranh the gidi thuf hai, mot cuoc each mang khoa hgc - k l

Sif phat trien cua each mang khoa h g c - k i thuat, xu the toan cau hoa da

dien ra nhuf mot Ian song nhanh ra the gidi Co the noi toan cau hoa doi hoi

ngoan, tranh viec bo Id ccf hoi v a tut hau het sufc nguy hiem

2 X u the phat t r i e n phat t r i e n c u a the giofi ngay nay

- Sau Chien tranh lanh, hau nhif tat c a cac quoc gia deu ra sufc dieu chinh chien li/gc phat trien lay kinh te lam trgng diem

- Sa

u Chie

n tranh, qua

g d nhieu kh

i w6i

cac niidc

dang

phdt trien, da

i ho

a bin

h o

n dinh, ho

u 1 Ha

y n eu hoan canh

* Hoan canh:

- De

n na

m 1945, Chie

- Tron

g bo

i can

h do, ho

* Nhttng quyet dinh:

- Thoa thuan ve viec dong quan tai cAc xuidc nhSm giai gidp quan dpi phat

xit va phan chia phanLvi anh hucfng d chau Au va chau A

* He qua:

- NhOfng quyet dinh cua hoi nghi lanta da dSn tdi sir hinh thanh mot trat t i i

the gidi mdi, difcrc goi la: "trat t i i hai ciic lanta"

• C a u 2 Muc dich v a nguyen tac hoat dpng c u a L i e n hdp quoc K e ten cac ccf quan c u a L i e n hofp quoc Cof quan nao giiX v a i tro trong y e u trong vi$c duy t r i hoa binh a n n i n h the gidi?

* Muc dich:

- Duy t r i hoa binh va an ninh the gi(Ji

- Phat trien cac moi quan he huTu nghi giiJa c^c dan toe va tien hanh sii hcfp tac quoc te giijTa cac nUdrc tren ccf sd ton trong nguyen t^c binh d i n g va quyen tif quyet cua cac dan toe

* Nguyen tdc:

- Binh ding chu quyen giOfa c^c quoc gia va cac quyen t\i quyet cua cac dan toe

- Ton trong toan ven lanh thd va doc lap chinh t r i cua tat ca c^c niidc

- Khong dtrcrc can thiep vao cong viee noi bo ciia bat k i ntfdrc nao

- Giai quyet quyet tranh chap quoc te bang phtfcfng phap ho^ binh

- Chung song hoa binh v^ sif nhat t r i giuTa nam nxidc Idn (Lien X6, M l , Anh,

Phdp, Trung Quoc)

* Cac ccf quan:

- Dai hoi dong Hoi dong Bao an, Hoi dong K i n h te va xa hoi, Hoi dong Quan thac, Toa an Quoc te Ban Thif k i

the gidri la Hoi dong Bao an

• C a u 3 H a y n e u nhCfng t h a n h t^iu c h i n h ciia L i e n X6 trong cong cupc

* Vdi net ve hoan cdnh:

- Sau Chien tranh the gidi thuf hai Lien X6 hi chien tranh da tan pha that nang ne: 27 trieu ngiidi chet 1.710 thanh p h d v a hon 70.000 l^ng mac bi tieu huy, gan 32.000 nha may, xi nghiep bi tan pha

- Nhifng vcfi tinh than t i i life t i i etfcfng, nhan dan Lien X6 da hoan thanh t h i n g Icfi ke hoach 5 nam khoi phue kinh te (1946 - 1950) trong 4 nSm 3 thang

* NhiUng thanh tUu chinh:

TCr nam 1950, Lien X6 thiJc hien nhieu ke hoach dai han nham tiep tuc xay difng ccf sd vat chat - k i thuat cua chu nghia xa hoi v^ da thu dugc nhieu thanh tifu to lorn

- V

e con

g ng hie p: de

n giOf

a nhOfn

g na

m 197

0 Lie

n X

6 tr

d t ha nh ctfcfng quo

c

cong ng hie

p dufn

g thu

f h

ai tr en t he gidri (sa

u Mi)

- V

e no ng n gh ie p:

rie ng 1970 L ie

n X

6 da

t dag

c s an ItfcJng v

- V

e kh oa hoc - k

i th ua t:

na

m 195

7 Lie

h nh an tao cua Tr

ai Dat , md dau k

i nguye

n ch in

m 196

0 du

a n ha du h an

h v

u t ru Gagarin

bay von

g quan

h T ra

6 nh ie

u b ie

n doi , t

i l

e con

g nh an c hie

m 55

% so ' ngifcj

i la

o don

g

tr on

g c

a nu'drc T ri nh

do ho

c cu

a n ha

n d an k ho ng ngCftig

na ng cao

* Anh hiidng den

cdc nitcfc:

- C

o die

u ki en g iu

i ch

u ng hia

ve va

oi

- C

o die

u ki en li ng ho p ho ng t ra

o da

u t ra nh g ia

i ph on

g da

g tr ao dau t ra nh bao v

e ho

a bi nh va a

n ni nh

t

he

gidri

• Ca

u 4 H ay n eu t in

h h in

h ch in

h t

ri va c hi nh s ac

h do

i ng oa

d en n am

1970

- TC

r n am 1950 den nufa da

u nhOfn

g na

m 70 , nh in c hu ng t in

h hi nh

h

- V

e do

i ngoai :

+ ThLf

c hie

n ch in

h ciT

c u ng ho p

ho

ng

trao

each m an

g th

e gid

i

+ Da

u tr an

h ch

o ho

a bin

h, an n in

h, kie

n quye

t chon

g ch in

h sac

h ga

y

ch ie

n xa

m liiq

c cii

a chi

i n gh ia

de quo

c v

a ca

c th

e lif

e p ha

n dong

+ Gii ip da t ic h

C LT C

ve va

t cha'

t cun

g nh

ii ti nh t ha

y difn

g ch

u n gh ia xa h

g \ie

e un

g h

o SL

f n gh ie

p da

u tr an

n ch

u v

a ti en

bo xa h oi.

L ie

n X

6 trc

f th an

h t ru cot cu

a h

e th

a bi nh va p ho ng t ra

o eac

h m an

g th

e gidri

• Ca

u 5 Qu an h

e hcf

p ta

c giu'

a ca

c ntfdf

c xa h

oi ch

ii ng hi

te, va

n ho

a, kh oa h oc

-

ki th u^

t va c hi nh t

ri q

^n

nhxC t

he n ao

?

* Quan

he hcfp tac kinh

te, van hod, khoa

hoc

ki thuat the hien

trong Hoi dong TUcfng

trcf Kinh

te (SEV):

- Nga

y 8/1/1949 ,

h t

e (vie

t t

at la SEV) diicf

ie

n X6 , An ba ni, Ba L an , Bungari , H

un gg ar

i, Rumani , Tie

p Khae

;

sau nay e

o th em cac niid

e C HD

C Duf

c (1950) , Con

g ho

a Nh an dan M on

g C

o (1962)

,

Cong hoa Cuba (1972), Con

t Na

m (1978)

- Hoi dong Tucfng trcf K i n h te ra dcfi da cung co", hoan thien s\i hcfp tdc giOfa

cAc nifdrc xa hoi chu-nghia, thuc day sU tien bo ve k i n h te' va k i thuat, khong

ngCfng nang cao mijfc song cua cac thanh vien

Sau hcfn 20 nam hoat dong, SEV da c6 nhOfng dong gop rat \6n do'i vdi sii

phat trien cua cac nirdrc thanh vien

Trong qua t r i n h hoat dong, kho'i SEV c6 nhuTng han che nhi/ "khep k i n " ,

* Quan he hgrp tac chinh tri - quan si£ di£ac the hien trong To chiCc Hi^p Udc Vacsava:

- Ngay 14/5/1955, cac niidc Anbani, Ba Lan, Bungari, CHDC Dure, Hunggari,

Lien X6, Rumani, Tiep Khac da hop tai Vacsava, thoa thuan cung nhau k i Hiep

ifdrc hiJu nghi, hop tac va ttrcfng tro vdi thcfi han 20 nam nham duy t r i hoa binh,

an ninh chau Au, ciing co' t i n h hOfu nghi, sif hop tac va sufc manh ciia cac nifdc

xa hoi chu nghia

- Vdri cac boat dong cua minh, to chufc Hiep i/dc Vacsava trdr thanh mot doi trong vdri NATO, dong vai tro quan trong trong viec giOf gin hoa binh, an ninh

or chau Au va the gidi

• C a u 6 Neu n h C n g net c h i n h ve L i e n bang Nga trong thoTi gian

1991 - 2000

nen kinh te nu'dc Nga, co gang di/a dat nifdc di vao k i n h te t h i trifdng

- Ve chinh t r i , sau mot thdi gian dau tranh gay gat giOfa cac dang phai, thang 12/1993, ban Hien phap cua Lien bang Nga diigc ban hanh

- Ve mat doi ngoai, trong nhOfng nam 1992 - 1993, nifdc Nga theo duoi chinh

- TCr dau nam 2000, chinh phu cua Tong thong Putin cd gang phat trien kinh te, ciing co' nha nUdc phap quyen, on dinh tinh hinh xa hoi va nang cao v i

the quoc te cua niidc Nga

• C a u 7 P h a n tich nguyen n h a n d i n d e n stf tan r a ciia che dp x a h p i chu nghia 6' L i e n X6 v a cac ni^oTc Dong A u Nguyen n h a n nao ccf b a n nhat? H a u qiia ciia C U Q C khiing hoang do

* Phan tich nguyen nhan:

Trong mot thdi gian dai, cong cuoc xay difng chu nghia xa hoi or Lien X6 va cac ntfdc Dong Au dem lai nhieu thanh ttfu to Idn; nhiing -cang ngay c^ng hoc 16 nhOfng sai lam thieu sot

Mot la, thie'u ton trong day dii cac quy luat phat trien khach quan ve kinh

te - xa hoi, chii quan duy y chi, thgc hien co che tap trung quan lieu bao cap

thay ch

o ca

che th

i trtfdng Die

i tre, dcf

e x

a hoi

,

thieu dan chu va cong bang, v

Hai la, khon

i d

a h

i t

ri tre, khun

g hoang, tie

g ha

n nha

de

ra chu trtfcfng chuye

n ne

n kin

n nha

n c

6 tin

va Don

g A

u ta

n ra, d

f tUcrn

g v

a t

o chuTc D

* Hau qua:

-n quo

c te H

i khon

g co

n to

n tai Tra

u 8 Tr in

h ba

y di en b ie

n ci ia c up

c np

i ch ie

n b

T ru

Si

^ r

a dcf

i cu

a midc

C pn

g ho

a Nh an d an T ru ng

a nh i^

t he n ao

?

* Trinh bay dien

bien:

- Sa

u kh

- 1949)

- Nga

y 20/7/1946, Ttfdn

- Tii thang 7/194

6 de

n than

g 6/1947, Qua

g ngi

i tic

h ciic Sa

u gia

i doa

n nay, Qua

- Cuo'i n S m 1949, cuoc n o i c h i e n k e t t h i i c , t o a n bo luc d i a T r u n g Quoc duoc giai ph6ng TSp doan Ti/dng Gidfi T h a c h t h a t b a i , p h a i t h a o chay r a D a i Loan

- N g a y 1/10/1949, nifdc C o n g hoa N h a n d a n T r u n g H o a c h i n h thufc t h a n h lap, duCng dau l a C h u t i c h M a o T r a c h Dong

* Y nghia:

- C h a m durt hern 100 n a m no d i c h cua de quoc, xoa bo t a n du' p h o n g k i e n

- Diia nifdrc T r u n g H o a btrdc vao k i nguyen doc l a p , t i f do va t i e n l e n chu nghIa xa h o i

- A n h htfdng sau sSc t<5i p h o n g t r a o g i a i p h o n g d a n toe t h e gidri

• C a u 9 T r o n g 10 n a m d a u x a y dtfng c h e dp mdri (1949 - 1959), n h a n

d a n T r u n g Q u o c d a d a t nhuing t h a n h ti^u nhvt t h e n a o ? C h i n h s a c h

d o i n g o a i c u a T r u n g Q u o c t r o n g thofi g i a n n a y

* Nhitng thanh tUu trong miicd nam dau:

- Btforc vao thcri k i xay difng d a t nifdrc, n h i e m vu h a n g dau ciia n h a n d a n

T r u n g Quoc l a dtfa dat nUdrc t h o a t k h o i ngheo n a n , lac h a u , p h a t t r i e n k i n h te,

xa h o i , vSn hoa, giao due

- Tif n a m 1950, n h a n d a n T r u n g Quoc biidc vao g i a i doan k h o i phuc k i n h

te, t i e n h a n h nhOfng cai each quan t r o n g : cai each r u o n g d a t va hop tac hoa nong n g h i e p , cai tao eong thifcmg n g h i e p ttf b a n t i f d o a n h , t i e n h a n h cong nghiep hoa x a h o i chu n g h i a , p h a t t r i e n v a n hoa, giao due D e n cuoi n a m

1952, eong cuoc k h o i phuc k i n h te da k e t t h i i c t h a n g Icfi

Tif n a m 1953, T r u n g Quoc thifc h i e n ke hoach 5 n a m dau t i e n (1953 1957) Nhcf n8 life lao d o n g cua t o a n d a n v a sif giiip d5 cua L i e n X6, ke hoach 5

-n a m da t h u difoe -nhuT-ng t h a -n h tifu to Idr-n Bo m a t d a t -nifdrc T r u -n g Quoc c6 -n h i e u thay doi ro r e t

* Chinh sach doi ngoai:

- T r o n g nhOrng n a m 1949 - 1959, T r u n g Quoc t h i h a n h c h i n h sach ngoai giao t l c h cifc n h k m eung eo hoa b i n h va t h i i c day sif p h a t t r i e n cua p h o n g t r a o each m a n g t h e g i d i

+ N g a y 14/2/1950, T r u n g Quoc k i v d i L i e n X6 " H i e p ifdrc hOfu n g h i , dong

m i n h va tifcfng trcf T r u n g - X 6 " va n h i e u h i e p ifdrc k i n h te, t a i c h i n h khac; p h a i quan c h i n g u y e n sang giup n h a n d a n T r i e u T i e n chong M i (1950 - 1953); t h a m gia H o i n g h i cac nifdrc A - P h i t a i B a n g d u n g (1955); giiip dor n h a n d a n V i e t

N a m chdng thifc d a n P h a p , u n g ho cac nifdrc A, P h i va M l L a t i n h t r o n g cuoc dau t r a n h g i a i p h o n g d a n toe

+ Ngay 18/1/1950, T i l i n g Quoc t h i e t lap quan he ngoai giao vcri Viet N a m

• Ca

u 10 N eu npi dun g

cd b

an cua dvfoTng lo

i c

ai ea ch c ua T ru

ng

Quoc

va nhuTng

th an

h ti^

u c hin

h m

a Tr un

g Quo

e da t

ban:

Thang 12/1978, Trun

a Dang No

- La

y pha

t trie

n kin

h t

e la

m trun

g tarn

n chi

i

va va

n minh

* NhUng thanh tUu

chinh:

- Kho

a ho

c k

-i thuat, vS

- Na

m 1964, Trun

a nga

y 15/10/2003, ta

• Ca

u 11 L ap n ie

n b ie

u ca c

s\X k

i^

n th

e h i^

A s au C hi en t ra nh the gid

a than

h lap

4) Than

g 9/194

8 Nha nifcr

n Quoc, Hon

g Cong, Da

te Idn

thuf ha

i th

e gidfi

• C a u 12 N e u cac c h i n h s a c h do'i ngoai ciia T r u n g Quo'c trong cac thori k i : 1949 - 1959; 1978 - 2000 Riit r a nh^in xet ve c h i n h s a c h doi ngo^i c u a T r u n g Quo'c

1)1949 - 1959 - Trong nhufng nam 1949 - 1959, Trung Quo'c t h i hanh

chinh sach ngoai giao tich cUc nhSm ciing c6' hoa binh va thiic day sU phat trien ciia phong tr^o each mang the gidi

- Ngay 18/1/1950, Trung Quo'c thiet lap quan he ngoai giao v<Ji Viet Nam

2) 1978 - 2000 - TCr nhufng nam 80 cua the k i XX, Trung Quo'c da binh

thi/cfng hoa quan he vdi Lien X6, Viet Nam, Mong Co, Indonexia, md rong quem he hOfu nghi, hgp tac vdi cac niidc tren the gidi

- Thang 11/1991, binh thtfdng hoa quan he ngoai giao vdi Viet Nam

Nhdn xet: K h i Trung Quo'c on dinh ve kinh te, chinh t r i t h i thiTc hien chinh

sach do'i ngoai tien bo Ngi/cfc lai, k h i lam vao tinh trang khiing hoang t h i thiic hien chinh sach do'i ngoai bat Igi cho cac nifdc lang gieng va khu viJc

D a n chii N h a n d a n T r i e u T i e n d i l n r a nhv^ the nao?

- Sau chien tranh, nhan dan mien BSc da tien hanh cong cuoc xay di/ng chii nghia xa hoi Sau k h i hoan thanh tri/dc thdi han ke hoach ba nam khoi phuc kinh te (1954 - 1956), CHDCND Trieu Tien da thiic hien nhieu ke hoach dai han va thu diigc nhieu thanh tiiu Idn: hoan thanh dien k h i hoa trong ca niidc, nen cong nghiep nang Co sd ha tang phat trien, thii do Binh Nhqdng c6 he thong tau dien ngam, giao thong thuan tien va nhieu toa nha choc trdi vdi ba bo'n chuc tang

- Nen kinh te ciia CHDCND Trieu Tien mang tinh ke hoach hoa tap trung cao do Dat nong nghiep diicfc tap the hoa, cac nganh cong nghiep do nha nifdc quan li Cong nghiep nang diigc chii trong, dac biet la cong nghiep quo'c phong Mac dii viec md cda t h i triidng da diioc tuyen bo' tii nam 1995, nhifng nen kinh

te van con nhieu kho khan

- Van hoa giao due c6 budc tien dang ke Nam 1999, Trieu Tien hoan thanh xoa nan mCi chOf Chinh phu t h i hanh chi/cfng t r i n h giao due 10 nam bat bupc

va mi§n phi

• C a u 13 T i n h h i n h phat t r i e n k i n h te v a v a n hoa ciia H a n Quoc tii

thap n i e n 60 d e n thap n i e n 90 c u a the k i XX

- TCr thap nien 60 t r d di, kinh te Han Qudc tCfng btfde eo nhijfng thay doi Idn: tii nifdc ngheo nan, lac hau, sau ba thap nien phat trien, Han Quo'c t r d thanh

a ho

i

thong tin cao

-e ra

t nan

g ne Tu

y vay, ne

f 6 den 1

2 tudi

• Ca

u 14 To

i qua

n h

$ giSa

each mang

V i^

t Na

m v

a

each mang

- Nga

y 23/8/1945, nha

y 12/10

, c lap ^ do n bd a tuye n v c da t qud^ a ma o r u La Chinh ph

- Than

g 3/1946, thif

- DiTd

i SL f

* Moi quan he:

- Nga

y 11/3/1951, lie

n min

h Vie

t Mien -

Lao than

h lap, bie

n qua

n Vie

t Lao m

-d chie

n dic

h

Thi/ong Lao, gia

i phon

g tin

h Sa

m Ntfa, mo

-, lie

n qua

n Vie

t Lao m

u the:

+ Da

u than

g 12/1953, lie

n qua

n Vie

t Lao m

n qua

n Vie

t Lao tie

-n cd-n

g dic

h d Thi/gng Lao

,

giai phdn

g tin

h Phongxali, u

y hie

p Ludngphabang

- T r o n g chien d i c h D i e n B i e n P h i i , do h i a n ngiJ b d i con dtfcfng Tay BSc va

m 6 t so' v u n g dat d Lao diioc g i a i p h o n g nen k h i b i t a n cong, dich k h o n g the m d

di/cyng r u t chay sang Lao, l a m cho dich rcfi vao the b i c6 lap

- T h d n g Icfi cua chien d i c h D i e n B i e n Phii d V i e t N a m , huge Phap p h a i k i

Hiep d i n h Gicfneva (1954), cong n h a n doc lap chu quyen va toan ven l a n h t h o ciia ba nifdc D o n g Dtfang, t r o n g do c6 Lao

• C a u 15 T r i n h b a y n h f f n g n e t c h i n h v e c u p c k h a n g c h i e n cho'ng M i

c u a n h a n d a n L a o t\i n a m 1954 d e n n a m 1975 Y n g h i a l i c h svC c u a

C U 9 C k h a n g c h i e n d o

* NhOng net chinh:

- Ngay sau k h i H i e p d i n h Gicfneva ve D o n g Di/ang vCfa k i k e t M l da lap tOfc

h a t c i n g Phdp, a m mifu b i e n Lao t h a n h thuoc dia k i e u mdri Tif day, n h a n dan Lao l a i p h a i cam sung chong ke thti mdri la de quoc M l

- Difdri sLf l a n h dao cua D a n g N h a n dan Cach m a n g Lao, cuoc dau t r a n h cua

n h a n dan Lao d i e n r a ca t r e n ba m a t t r a n : quan sii - c h i n h t r i - ngoai giao va gianh di/crc n h i e u t h S n g I g i

- N h a n dan Lao I a n li/crt d a n h bai cac ke hoach chien t r a n h cua M l , den dau nhOfng n a m 70 vCing giai p h o n g diicfc m d r o n g v d i 4/5 dat dai

- T h a n g 2/1973, H i e p d i n h V i e n g C h a n difgc k i k e t ve lap l a i hoa b i n h va thifc h i e n hoa hcfp dan toe d Lao

- TCr t h a n g 5 den t h a n g 12/1975, quan dan L a o da n d i day g i a n h c h i n h quyen t r o n g ca ni/dc

- Ngay 2/12/1975, ni/dc Cong hoa D a n chu N h a n dan Lao c h i n h thufc t h a n h lap

* Y nghia:

- K e t thuc cuoc chien t r a n h x a m Ixiqc thifc dan mdfi cua M i , difa ni/drc Lao

bifofc sang giai doan m d i , g i a i doan xay ditog n h a ntfdrc dan chii n h a n dan

- Gop p h a n l a m t h a t bai a m miJU quoc te hoa chien t r a n h ciia M l t r e n ban

dao Dong Difong

• C a u 16 L a p b a n g t h o n g k e n p i d u n g c h i n h c u a c a c g i a i d o a n l i c h svL

C a m p u c h i a tii n a m 1945 d e n n a m 1975 N e u nhiXng s\i k i ^ n l i c h suf

t h e h i # n mo'i q u a n h ^ giu'a e a c h m a n g V i ^ t N a m vofi e a c h m a n g

h ^ n h cuoc k h a n g chien cho'ng thifc d a n Phap

- N g a y 9/11/1953, C h i n h phu P h a p da k i hiep Mdc "trao

t r a doc lap cho Campuchia" Tuy vay, quan dpi Phap van

c h i e m dong Campuchia

i doa

n Npi dun

g chin

h

- Na

m 1954, Chin

h phi

i Pha

p pha

i k i

Hiep dinh Gionevo

r

ve Don

g Di/cfng, con

g nha

n do

c lap, chi

i quyen, thon

Thcfi ki

i ho

a bin

h trun

g lap, khon

Sau

c up c

dao chin

h lat

d o

va pha

t trie

n nhan

h chong Nga

y 17/4/1975, thi

j

do

Phnom Penh

di/cfc

giai phong,

c uo c

Thcfi ki

chong

tap doan Khcfm

e

do

(1975 1979)

Sa

u na

m 1975, nha

n da

n Campuchia

l ai

noi da

y la

t do

tap doan Khom

e do

Ngay 7/1/1979, th

u d o

Phnom Penh

di/g c

y diin

g la

i da

t nifdrc

Thdi ki

Tii

nam

1979 d Campuchia

d a

vdri ca

c

phe pha

i

doi lap, chi

j ye

u l a

liTc ItfcJn

g Khom

e do

p k i,

c

ben

Campuchia da d i

ket ta

i Pari Sau

c uo c

tong tuyen

cuf

thang 9/1993,

Qu o'c

hoi

mori da

thong qu

a Hie

n phap, tuyen

d o

N Xihanii

c lam

Q uo 'c

vi/cfng TC

r

do ,

Campuchia hiidc

sang mo

t thori

k

i mdri

* Moi quan he

-+ Nga

y 11/3/1951, lie

n min

h Vie

t Mien

- La

o than

h lap, bie

u hie

n tin

h

than doan ke

nghiep khan

g chie

n

chong Phap

+ C h i e n t h ^ n g D i e n B i e n Phu (1954), buoc P h a p k i k e t H i e p d i n h

Gicfnevcf, cong n h a n dpc lap chu quyen va toan ven l a n h tho ba nifdrc D o n g

DiTcfng, t r o n g do c6 Campuchia

- T r o n g thcri k i chong M l (1954 - 1975):

+ T r o n g h a i ngay 24 va ngay 25/4/1970, H o i n g h i cap cao ba nifdrc V i e t

N a m - L^o - Campuchia hop n h k m bieu t h i quyet t a m cua n h a n dan ba niJdc

Dong Di/cfng doan k e t chien dau chong M l

+ Tif ng^y 30/4 den ngay 30/6/1970, quan dpi V i e t N a m c6 sii phoi hgp

cua quan dan Campuchia da dap t a n cuoc h a n h quan x a m li/oc Campuchia ciia quan doi Sai Gon

+ T h a n g Igri ciia cuoc T o n g t i e n cong va noi day miia Xuan n a m 1975 ciia nhan dan Viet N a m gop phan l a m nen chien t h a n g ciia quan dan Campuchia ngay 17/4/1975

• C a u 17 T r i n h bay hoan c a n h r a dofi, muc tieu v a qua trinh phat trien ciia to chiifc A S E A N

* Hoan canh:

- Sau k h i g i a n h diJpc doc lap, cac nirdrc or D o n g N a m A con gap n h i e u kho

khan nen c6 n h u cau hop tac vdri nhau cCing p h a t t r i e n D o n g thcfi m u o n h a n che a n h hi/crng cua cac t h e liic ben ngoai doi v(5i k h u viic

- Ngay 8/8/1967, H i e p h o i cac niidc D o n g N a m A (viet t a t theo t i e n g A n h la

ASEAN) difpc t h a n h lap t a i B a n g Coc ( T h a i L a n ) vdri sU t h a m gia cua 5 ni/drc:

Indonexia, M a l a i x i a , Xingapo, T h a i L a n va P h i l i p p i n

* Muc tieu:

Xay d i i n g cac mo'i quan he hoa b i n h va hop tac giOfa cac ni/dfc t r o n g k h u viic, tao nen cong d o n g D o n g N a m A h u n g m a n h t r e n co sd t i i cii6ng k h u viic va

thiet lap m o t k h u vifc hoa b i n h , tii do, t r u n g lap

* Qua trinh phat trien:

- Trong giai doan dau (1967/1975), A S E A N la mot to chufc non yeu, stf hop tac trong k h u vifc con t r o n g t r a n g t h a i k h d i dau, chtfa c6 v i t r i t r e n triicfng quoc te

t r i e n nay di/ac d a n h dau b a n g H o i n g h i cap cao l a n thijf n h a t hop t a i B a l i

(Indonexia) t h a n g 2/1976 vdri viec k i H i e p iidc hufu n g h i v a hop tac d D o n g N a m

A (goi t a t l a H i e p i/dc B a l i )

+ Vao thcfi d i e m nay, quan he giufa cac ni/drc D o n g Dtfong va A S E A N hxidc

dau dirge cai t h i e n H a i n h o m niidrc da t h i e t lap quan he ngoai giao va bat dau

N a m 1984, sau k h i g i a n h diJgc doc lap, B r u n a y gia n h a p va trdr t h a n h t h a n h

v i e n thuf 6 cua A S E A N

+ TU

dau nhuTng nS

m 90 , chie

n tr an

h la nh cham diirt v

i quyet , ti nh h in

h c hin

h tr

i k hu

viic

difgc ca

i th ie

n ca

n ban ,

n mo

r r on

g t

o chufc , k

et na

p th an

h v ie

n md

i

+ Ng ay 22/7/1992,

Vie

t N am va Lao th am gia H ie

p Hdc

B ali Tie

t Na

m trc

r t ha nh t ha nh v ie

n thu

f 7 cua AS EA

N

Th an

g 7/1997 , La

o

va M ia nm

a gi

a nh ap A SE AN v^

t ha ng 4/1999, Campuchi

- Nh

ir vay

, tii

5 nildc

sang lap ban dau, AS EA

N d

a ph

at tr ie

n th an

h 1

0 n&m

th an

h vie

n Tii

day, AS EA

N da

y ma nh boat don

g hap

tac ki nh te', xa

y difn

g

Do ng N am

A th an

h k hu viic bo

a bi nh , o

n din

h d

e cun

g ph

at tr ie

n

• Ca

u 18

NQI

du ng c hi nh c ii

a Hi

^p

lidc

Ba

li th an g

t N am vdfi t

o chiiT

c AS EA

N

* Ngi dung chinh

ciia Hiep lidc Bali:

- To

n tr on

g ch

u quye

n v

a to an ven la nh t

ho giOf

a ca

c niTdr

c t ro ng k

hu

vqc;

- Kh on

g ca

n th ie

;

- Kh on

g du ng v

i v

di nhau

;

- Gia

i quye

t ca

c tr an

h cha

p b an

g bie

p pha

p ho

a bi nh

n c

6 hie

u qu

a t ro ng cac hn

h vq

c kin

h te , va

n boa , x

a hoi

* Moi quan h^ :

Quan

be Vie

t N am

- AS EA

N duac

chia la

m ca

c th

di

ki sau :

- Th 6i

ki 196

7 1975: Da

t Na

m v

a ca

c niidc

AS EA

N

CO nh ie

u v an

de phuf

c tap

- Th

1975 de

n na

m 1979 , Vie

t Na

m c

o gan

g ma

ro ng quan

he son

g ph iia ng vdri ca

c niidr

c t ro ng k hu viTc, da

m d

a d\ia

r

a ch in

h sac

h 4 d ie

m, Vie

t Na

m kh an

g din

i ca

c n\J6c

D on

g Na

m 1978 , qua

n h

e Vie

t la

p v

a ph

at tr ie

i, kh oa hoc - k

l t hu at , h an

g kh on

g v

a ha ng h ai.

T

LT na

n h

e giCf

a AS EA

N v

a ca

c nifd

c Do ng DiTcfng be

n d

e Campuchia

- Thbi

k

i 198

9 1997: Sa

-u kh

i va

c niid

c AS EA

N d

a ph

at tr ie

t N am Ng ay 22/7/1992,

Vie

t N am c hin

h thuf

c t ha

m gi

a Hie

h qua

n sa

t vie

n cii

a AS EA

N Nga

y 28/7/1995 ,

Vie

t Na

n c hin

h thijf

c cu

a AS EA

N

• C a u 19 T r i n h bay C U Q C dau tranh gianh dpc l a p c u a nhan d a n A n

DO trong nhi^ng nam 1945 - 1950

- Sau Chien tranh the gidri thuf hai, cuoc dau tranh chong thiTc dan Anh, d6i

doc lap difdi sii lanh dao ciia Dang Quoc dai bung len manh me

- Thang 2/1946, hai van thuy binh Bombay noi day khdi nghia doi doc lap

Cuoc noi day d Bombay da keo theo nhieu vu n6i day cua cac tang Idrp nhan

dan An Do or nhieu ncfi khac

- Trifdrc siifc ep cua phong trao dau tranh da l ^ m cho thtfc dan A n h phai nhi/cfng bo, huTa se trao quyen tif t r i cho A n Do va ngudi Anh se rdi khoi A n Do trade thang 7/1948

- Tren co sd thoa thuan nky, ngay 15/8/1947, An Do da tach thanh hai quoc gia: An Do vk Pakixtan

- Khong thoa man vdri quy che t i i t r i Dang Quoc dai da lanh dao nhan dan dau tranh gianh doc lap dan toe hoan toan trong nhOrng nSm 1948/1950 Triidc sure ep cua phong trao quan chung, thifc dan Anh buoc phai cong nhan doe lap hoan toan cua A n Do Ngay 26/1/1950, A n Do tuyen bo doe lap va thanh lap

rnldc cong hoa

- Su t h ^ h lap nadc Cong hoa An Dp danh dau t h i n g loi to 1cm cua nhan dan

An Do, CO anh hiicfng quan trong den phong trao giai phong dan toe tren the gidri

• C a u 20 G h i thcfi gian gianh dpc l a p c i i a cac ni^oTc Dong Nam A vao

bang thong ke dvtdi day:

• Ca

u 21 So s an

h ca

c ch ie

n hide

k in

h t

e hvtdng

n

pi va

g la

p AS EA

N

Np

i du ng , th an

h ti iu v

a ha

n l\jidc

Ti eu c

hi

so s an

h Ch

ie

n Ivtdc

k in

h t

e

hi^oTng np

i Ch

ie

n It^of

c k in

h t

e

hvCdng

ng oa

i

1 Th

W gia

n

ba

t da

u Nhufng

na

m 6

0 cii

a t he k

i XX Nh an

g na

m 6

0 70

cua th

e

ki XX

2

Mu

c tie

u Nh an

u, xa

y difn

g ne

n

ki nh

te tif chu

ThUc hie

m ch

u dao

3 No

i du

ng Da

y ma nh p ha

t tr ie

n ca

c

ng an

h con

g ng hie

u d un

g no

i dia t ha

y th

e

ha ng n ha

p kh au , la

y th

i tnJcrn

g

tr on

g niidf

c l am ch6 diJa d

e ph

at

tr ie

n sa

n xuat

p tr

un

g sa

n

xuat ha ng hoa

de xua

t khau

,

phat tr ie

n ngoa

i thucfng

4

Th an

h t

uu ThiTc

hi en c hie

n li/a

c con

g

ng hie

p ho

a th ay t he n ha

p

kh au , ca

t

so th an

h tif

u da ng

ke, da

p ufn

g

dLfcfc nh

u ca

u cii

a nh an d an ,

ph

at tr ie

n mo

t s

o ng an

i quye

t na

te quo'

c da

u dic

h :

doi ngoa

i ta ng

trudrng

nh an

u ng uo

n vo

n nguye

n lie

u v

a

cong n gh

e, ch

i ph

i ca

o da

n tcf

i

la

m an t hu

a lo , t

e th am n hu

ng

quan li eu p ha

t tr ie

n, dd

i son

g

lao d on

g co

n kh

o kh an , chtf

n d

e ta

ng

tr ifd ng v

di con

g b an

g xa h

oi

Ph

u thuo

c vo

n va t

hi trifcfn

g

ben ngoai qu

a IcJn ,

u 22 H ay t ri nh b ay c ac d ie

u ki

^n t ac

dqng

de

n ph on

g da

n tp

c d c ha

u Ph

i

Ca

c gi

ai do an p ha

t tr ie

n cu

a ph

g da

n tp

c d

c ha

u Ph

i til

n am 1945

d en n am

a c ha

u Ph

i hi

$n n ay

* Cd

c dieu ki^n:

- Sii k

et thij

c Ch ie

n tr an

h t he g id

i thij

f ha

i cun

g nh

if nhufn

g t ha

e sa

u ch ie

n tr an

h

- T h a t b a i cua chu n g h i a p h d t x i t , sU suy yeu cua A n h va P h a p , h a i quoc gia

t h o n g t r i n h i e u v u n g thuoc dia t a i chau P h i

- T h a n g Icfi cua p h o n g t r a o g i a i p h o n g d a n toe or ehau A, tri/dre h e t la cua

V i e t N a m va T r u n g Quoc

T a t ea eac dieu k i e n do da c6 vu eac cuoc dau t r a n h ciia n h a n dan chau P h i

* Cdc giai dog.n:

- G i a i doan 1945 den 1954:

+ P h o n g t r a o dau t r a n h b u n g no sdm n h a t cf BSe P h i , sau do Ian r a eac

v i m g khac M d dau l a cuoc b i n h c h i e n ciia si quan va b i n h l i n h yeu ni/drc A i Cap

(3/7/1952) l a t do Vtfcfng t r i e u Pharuc, cho di/a ciia thiic d a n A n h , lap n e n nxidc

Cong hoa A i Cap

+ C i m g n a m 1952, n h a n d a n L i b i g i a n h di/oc doc lap

- G i a i doan 1954 - 1960: Sau 8 n a m k h a n g c h i e n k i e n ci/cfng cho'ng P h a p (1954 - 1962), n h a n d a n A n g i e r i da g i a n h diTdc t h S n g I g i

Tif nufa sau t h a p n i e n 50, he t h o n g thuoc dia ciia thi/c d a n chau A u or chau

P h i n d i t i e p n h a u r a n r a , cac quoc gia doc l a p I a n lUcrt x u a t h i e n n h a T u y n i d i , Maroc, X u d a n g (1956); Gana (1957); G h i n e (1958)

- G i a i doan 1960 den 1975:

+ N a m 1960, l i c h sijf g h i n h a n l a " N a m chau P h i " vori 17 ni/dtc difcrc t r a o t r a doc lap

+ N a m 1975, t h a n g Xa'i ciia n h a n d a n M o d a m b i c h va A n g g o l a t r o n g cupc

dau t r a n h chong thiTc d a n Bo Dao N h a , ve cP b a n da cham duft chii n g h i a thifc dan cu d chau P h i ciing he t h o n g thuoc d i a ciia no

- G i a i doan tii sau n a m 1975 den nay:

+ N h a n d a n cac thuoc dia con l a i d chau P h i h o a n t h a n h cupc dau t r a n h

d a n h do n e n t h o n g t r i thifc d a n cu, g i a n h dpc lap d a n tpc va quyen song ciia con ngi/cri Sau n h i e u t h a p k i dau t r a n h , n h a n d a n N a m Rodedia da t u y e n bo

t h a n h lap nxidc C o n g hoa Dimbabue (18/4/1980)

+ T h a n g 3/1990, c h i n h quyen Neun P h i da p h a i trao t r a dpc lap cho N a m i b i a ; sau do, c h i n h quyen N a m P h i da tuyen bo t i f bo c h i n h sAch p h a n biet chiing tpc Vcri t h a n g Ipi ciia cupc bau cif dan chii da chiing tpc Ian dau t i e n cr N a m P h i (thang 4/1994) ong Nenxcm Mandela t r p t h a n h T o n g t h o n g da den dau t i e n ciia cpng hoa

N a m Phi Su k i e n do da d a n h dau sif cham duft che dp p h a n biet chiing tpc da m a n , day bat cong, mot bieu h i e n ciia chii nghia thiic dan

* NhUng kho khan:

- N h i e u nifcrc chau P h i con n a m t r o n g t i n h t r a n g lac hau, k h o n g on d i n h va kho

k h a n do x u n g dot, dao c h i n h , npi chien dien r a lien m i e n ; doi ngheo, benh t a t va mil chijf; sii biing no ve dan so; np n a n va sa phu thuoc vao nifdc ngoai

- T a t ca nhOfng k h o k h a n do da va d a n g la t h a c h thufc Idn doi vcri n h a n d a n

cac n\idc chau P h i

• Ca

u 23 C uQ

C da

u tr an

h gi an

h dp

c l^

p da

n tp

c cu

a nh an d

a nhvi

t he n ao

? Y n gh la l ic

h su

f c ii

a cu pc d au t ra nh

do

* CuQc dau tranh

gianh doc lap:

- Th an

g 3/1952 , vdr

a Cuba

Ch in

h quye

n Ba tix ta xoa

bo hie

n ph ap t ie

n bo , ca

h t

ri ho

at dong ,

ba

t g ia

m v

a ta

n sa

t nh ie

u ngi/of

i ye

u nxidc

- Tr on

g bo

i ca nh

do, nh an d an Cuba da duTng le

n da

u tr an

i Ng ay 26/7/1953, 13

5 th an

h n ie

n ye

u nilcf

c d

o Ph id en C at xt or

ai li nh Moncada Cuo

c t an cong h

i t ha

t bai P hid en Catxtcfro

va

nh ie

u don

g ch

i cu

a on

g

bi ba

t gia

m

- Na

m 1953 , P hid en diioc tr

a t

u do , nh uti

g

bi tru

e xua

t k ho

i Cuba , da

y san

g

Mehico Th dn

g 11/1956 , o

ng cCing 81 dong c

hi da

p ta

u vUgf

t b ie

g 12/1958 , n

gh ia quan d an

do La

Habana

Ba tix ta bo chay r

a nifd

c ngoai

- Ng ay 1/1/1959, ch

e d

o Ba ti xt

a su

p do , nUd

c Co ng hoa Cuba ra

dcfi d

o

Ph id en C at xt ar

o dufn

g dau

* Y nghia:

- C

6 ta

c do ng d on

g vie

n c

6 v

u p ho ng t ra

o g ia

i ph on

g tr on

g k hu vUc

- Xijfn

g d an

g l

a l

a cb

dau t ro ng p ho ng t ra

o g ia

i ph on

g da

u 24 Di^dr

i t ac d on

g cu

a ea ch m an

g Cu ba (1959),

ph on

g da

n tqc

d M

i La ti nh p ha

t tr ie

n n hi

i t he n ao

?

- Nh am n ga

n ch an a nh hucfng cu

a eac

h ma ng Cuba, va

o th an

n mi nh v

i tie

n bo

" d

e lo

i th

e, ti^

ha

p nie

n 6

0 ~

70, ph on

g tr ao dau t ra nh chong

i t ha

n

Ml a

k hu vUc can

g ph

at tr ie

n v

a th

u n hie

u t ha ng Igi

- CCin

g vdr

i nhuTn

g h in

g dat , da

u tr an

h ng

hi trUdn

g d

e th an

h la

p ca

c ch in

h p hu t

u tr an

g b un

g n

o ma nh

me

c f

Ml La ti nh n en k hu viic na

y difp

c

gpi la "luc dia b ijn

g chay"

Ph on

g tr ao dau t ra nh vu t ra ng chong che d

, Colombia , Peru

, Nicaragoa , Chile

, E

n Xanvado

da d ie

n r

a l ie

n tuc

- TL

T cuo'

i nhCiTn

g na

m 8

0 tr

d di ,

Mi ph an k ic

h ca

n th ie

m va

n ki nh

te, c

6 la

p c hi nh t

ri Cuba

- Nh in c hu ng bp m

at kh

u vii

c

Mi La ti nh c6 n hie

u b ie

n doi , m

h ni/df

c con

g ho

a md

i

• Ca

u 25 Ti nh h in

h ph

at tr ie

n ki nh te

- xa h

^i cu

a ca

c nvfdf

c

Mi

La ti nh t ro ng n hi tn

g t ha

p ni en

80, 9

0 c ua t he k

i X

X n hi

^ t he

oi phu

c dp

c la

p, gia nh dupc chi

i quyen , ca

i

ki xa

y dii ng va p ha

t tr ie

n ki nh

te xa h pi, dat diTp

-c nh ie

u t

ha

nh

tUu

ddng khich le Mot so' niSdc trO thanh ni/drc cong nghiep mdri (viet tSt theo tieng Anh la NICs) nhu Braxin, Achentina, Mehico

- Trong thap nien 80 cua the k i XX, nhieu nUdc M i Latinh rcfi vao t i n h trang suy thoai kinh te nang ne, lam phat tang nhanh, khiing hoang tram trong, no nifdrc ngoai chong chat, dan den nhOfng bien dong ve chinh t r i

- Sau that bai trong vu tranh chap chu quyen quan d^o Manvinat vdri A n h (thang 4/1982), che do doc tai bi lat do d Achentina, mor dau qu^ t r i n h dan sii

hoa chinh quyen d hkng loat ntforc M l Latinh khac: Bolivia (1982), Braxin (1985), Haiti (1986), Chile (1988), En Xanvado (1989) va Urugoay (1989)

- Bifdc sang thap nien 90, nen k i n h te M l Latinh c6 chuyen bien tich cUc hcfn T i le lam phat ducfc ha xuong con difdri 30%/nam, mot so nUdc dat mufc l i ttfdng nhif Mehico: 4,4%, Bolivia: 4,45%, Chile 4,6%, dau ttf nvldc ngoai v^o

Mi Latinh vdri khoi lifgng lorn: 68 t i USD (1993) va tren 70 t i USD (1994), dufng hang thuf hai sau Dong A Tuy nhien, tinh hinh k i n h te cua nhieu niidrc M i Latinh con gap khong i t kho khSn, mau thuan xa hoi la van de noi bat, tham nhung da t r d thanh quoc nan va ngan can sir phat trien k i n h te

• C a u 26 S a u C h i e n t r a n h the gdi thiJ h a i , n e n k i n h te ciia MI phat trien nhi^ the nao? Nguyen n h a n c u a s\i phat t r i e n do P h a n tich

mpt nguyen n h a n quyet dinh nhat

* Su!" phat trien kinh te:

- Sau Chien tranh the gidri thuT hai, nen kinh te M i phat trien manh me Bieu hien:

+ Tong san pham quoc dan tSng binh quan hang nam la 9%

+ San li/gng cong nghiep chiem hon mot niira san li/gng toan the gidfi + San lugng nong nghiep tang 27% so vdi trUdrc chien tranh

+ M l c6 hon 50% tau be di lai tren bien, chiem 3/4 dif trff vang the gidii

Trong khoang 20 nam sau chien tranh M i t r d thanh trung tarn kinh te tai chinh lorn nhat the gidi

-* Nguyen nhan:

- Lanh tho M i rong lorn, tai nguyen thien nhien phong phii, nguon nhan liic doi dao, t r i n h do k i thuat cao, nSng dong, sang tao

- M i Igi dung chien tranh de lam giau, thu Igi nhuan ttf buon ban vu k h i

- M i ap dung thanh tUU khoa hoc - k i thuat de nang cao nang suat lao dong

- Cac to hop cong nghiep - quan sii, cac cong t i , tap doan tu ban lung doan

Mi CO sufc san xua't, canh tranh Idfn va c6 hieu qua trong va ngoai nifdrc

- Cac chinh sach va bien phap dieu tiet cua Nha nifdrc dong vai tro quan trong thuc day k i n h te M i phat trien

* Phan tich:

Nguyen nhan quyet dinh nhat cho sif phat trien k i n h te cua M i sau Chien tranh the gidfi thuf hai do la M i ap dung thanh tifu khoa hoc - k i thuat de nang

cao na ng suat la

o dong

Ml la

nvidc

kh

di xiidng

dau t ie

-l t hu

at hie

n da

i cu

a th

e gidri Vie

c a

p du ng t ha nh cong nhCfn

p

Mi na ng eao nSn

g sua

t la

o dong , h

a gi

a

th an

h sa

n ph am va dieu c hin

• Ca

u 27 N hu 'n

g bi eu h i^

n ve

s^X p

ha

t kh oa h oc

-

kl th ua

t cu

n tr an

h th

e gidf

i thu

" h ai

u th an

h tiT

u \6n

t ro ng cuoc eac

h ma ng khoa hoc -

k

i

th ua

t hie

n da

i j

- Tr on

g v

a sa

u Ch ie

n tr an

h the ' gidr

i thu

f h ai, n hie

u n ha k ho

a

di ci

f san

g Ml D au t

n cdf

u k ho

-

Mi la m

ot tr on

i (ma

y ti nh d ie

n tvi,

m ay

tii dong)

; va

t lie

u mdr

i (polime ,

Itfong mdi

(n an

g lu on

g nguye

n tiif , n hie

m kh in

h kh

i, te

n lijf

a da

n dao)

; ch in

h phu

c v

u tr

g na

m 1969 , th am h ie

m sa

o Hoa) , v

g no ng nghiep

- NhGfn

g th an

h tiT

u d

o kh on

g ch

i thu

c da

y ki nh

te

Mi ph

at tr ie

n to an t he gidri

• Ca

u 28 La

p ba ng tho'ng

k

e nh u'n

g ne

t ch in

h tr on

g ch in

i ci ia M

i tu

f n am 1945

d en n am 2000 t he

o ye

u ca

et ch un

g ve c hi nh s ac

h do

i ng oa

i ci ia M

i

Gi

ai do

an N^

i du

n kh

ai chie

n Itfo

c to an cau vdri th am

Th an

g 3/1947 ,

tr on

g die

n va

h da

o th

e gid

i ti

i d

o cho'n

g la

i sii

b an

san"

Ch ie

n kh

ai qu

a nh ie

u ho

e th uy

et cii

a ea

c dcf

i t on

g chie

n \\jgc

t oa

n ca

u cii

a

Mi nh am thi/e

hie

n 3

muc tie

u chi

i yeu :

+ Mo

t la , n ga

n ch an , da

y lu

i v

a tie

n tor

i t ie

u die

t hoa

n

to an ehii ng hia xa h

oi tr en t he gidri

+ Ha

i la , d an ap p ho ng t ra

o chon

g tr an

h chien ,

n t he gidri

+ B

a la , kh on

g che , ch

i pho

i ea

c niidr

c ti

/ ba

n don

g

mi nh p hu thuoe va

o Mi D

e thi/

c hie