Vấn đề phát triển đồng bào thiểu số Tỉnh Bình Thuận

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HOC-VIEN QUOC-GIA HANH-CHANH

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- Nguyen Bo-Trtto'ng Phu Thu-TiCcmg dao trdch Lien-lac Quoa-Hdi

^d tdn £ink hu'o'ng dan ckung td< kohn tkbnk Zu&n vSn nh.y

* GIAO-SU* VIEN-TRUdNG

* GlXo-SU" PH(5 VIEN-TRUi^NG

* QUI V I GlXo-SU'

trong'BAN GIANG-HUAN

f a tqn tarn gldng day vci gldp 3iJ ckung tdl

tAong i>ud't hoc khoS 1970 - 1973

* KfNH DANG * K / N H D A N G

- Hu'ohg Hon THAN PHU

- Huong hon Anh LAM-QUANG-CHUYEN

^ nht&ig ngd-y thong xdt xo chtng

chdt da -in dam nit bta long ght

dn -itj.' HV Sim CAO C A ' cho mot LC&C

Ti'hlH BiNH THUlN 1

ChUo'ng t h u - n h a t - THU'C T R A N G X A H O I VA^ T H U C T R A N G

PHA'P C U A • D O N G ' B A O T H I E U SO ' 2

Mvio A.- Sy HitN HU'U cfjA BONG BAO THIEU SO 2

Voct.n T - P d n io - 2

Voan I I - UqaoYi goc 3

Muc B,- THUC TRANG CUA DBNG BAO THIEU So' _ 7

•Poan I - Tfiuc tn.anQ hlnh hoq.t KCC hoi 7

Voan I - TKvio'c thhl ky Phdp thuoc 1 9

-Voan I I - Tho'l Phdp thagc 19

Voan 111.' Thctl ky cht do higd VXnh Vle,m 2 0

doan I f - Tho'l ky 6au each mang nUm 1963

Muc B.- THOr KY DE NHI CONG HOA 25

ChUdng t h u ' n h a t - NH0NG SU' KHifiM KHUYET, TRO' NGAI

VA^KHO KHAN K H i ' T H U t HIEN TRONG

Mua A.- NHJfNG SV'KHIEM KHUYET 36

Muc B.- NHlfNG TRO' NGAI VA KHO KHAN KHI THlfC HIEN 3 9

^oan I - y e u t o nhan Au: 1 39

•Ooan 11,- Via td'dla da' HO

Voan I I I - via to chl'nh q a f i n ^ 1

^oan I f - Vza t o c h l i n tfianh "+3

Chu'o'ng t h u - h a i - MOT^ V A I N G H I L I E N QUAN D E N

VAN D E PHAT T R i f i N DONG BAO T H I E U SO

'Muc A.- THU' DAT LAI CO' CAU VA VAI TRO

^oan T.- Off qaan daJi dl^n d^dng bd.o _ 4 6

A LSp p h d p - i 6

B H 6 i Dong T i n h 48

A To' chii'c T o a Hanh Ch^nh T i n h 50

1 Cdi cdoh ruong dat 5 9

2 Dan thuy nhdp dien 61

B Chan n u o i _ 63

C Ky nghe _ 63

2 Khodng sdn 64

2 Lam sdn vh ady ky nghe 64

D Ho'p t a c x a vh Quy t i n dung _ 65

3 Tru'dng ahuy§n nghiep _ 72

B Ke' h o a c h giu'p d <5 hoc s i n h dang t h e o hoc 72

C Tho' ngU v a v a n h o a _ 72

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I V

-D A N N H ^ P

Mot d i p nao do, d u - k h a c h d i ngang qua d i a - p h a n

t i n h B i n h T h u a n de x u o i ra T r u n g , sau k h i r a k h o i t h i

-xa P h a n - T h i e t , h\i6ng mat ve p h i a Dong-Nam each t h i - x a

5 km t h a y mot t h a p cu siing-sQng t r e n d o i cao Du-khach

t i e p t u c h a n h - t r i n h , canh nh5ng don b o t nhiing ng\id±

l i n h vc^i dang ngiJci'i den xam t a y g h i c h a t cay s u n g , mat hu!c?ng ve x a - x a de t h e o d o i bong t h u Den doan diic^ng Suot Nhuom ( e a c h t h i - x a P h a n - T h i e t do 40 km) d u - k h a c h khong con gap p h a i k h o - k h a n v i diic^ng ngap day nhiing

n\idc n h i i tr\i6c k i a , nhh ban t a y k y - d i e u cua dong-bao

d i a - p h i i c ' n g da dan n\idc vao nhiAng t h i i a r u o n g ma triic^c

k i a c h i l a nd± h o a n g - v u de s a n - s a n g quanh nam dcta bong

k e t t r a i Suot khoang diio'ng x u y e n qua d i a p h a n , d u

-khach t h a y r a i - r a c mot v a i h i n h anh ngiici'i dan ong hoac dan ba m i n h t r a n l i i n g mang g u i l a m - l u i n h x i h a n h - d i e n

vc?i cuoc song h i e n t a i , cung nhxi t r o n g qua khvl t o - t i e n

ho cung da h a n h - d i e n

Nhiing s i i - k i e n t r e n t i e u - b i e u cho nhOng s a c - t h a ' i

d o c - d a o cua ba nhom dong-bao t h i e u - s o h i e n dang song t a i

t i n h B i n h - T h u a n Do l a nhom dong-bao Thiic'ng Mien Nam,

nhom dong-bao Thvldng Mien Bac va nhom dong-bao Cham Co

du nhiing d i ^ c - t i n h c a n - t h i e t de x a y - d i & i g mot x a - h o i t i e n

b o , ho g i a u n g h i - l i i c , hang say lam v i e c , ho co mot y

c h i v3ng manh q u y e t h y s i n h mang song c a n h a n va g i a

-d i n h -de b a o - v e t i J - -d o , q u y e n - l c ^ i , c o n g - l y va nhiing g i

da tao^dufi^c, ho co mot nen v a n - m i n h r i e n g the-ma mai

den t h e - k y 20 n a y , k y - n g u y e n cua thhl n g u y e n - t i i ma hanh

phuc cua ho van c h i c h a t - c h i i a vao mot c a i g u i be n h o

ho C O t h e dao x6± c a n - t h a n mot manh d a t s o i da khong

maumc? l i e n t i e p s u o t n g a y , ho c h i ngiJng t a y k h i c a n

-t h i e -t B m h - -t h i i o ' n g ho nhu m i , h i e n hoa nhi^ng k h i hvhi

s-d khong mot a i c6 quyen phu nhan dxic t i n h gan l y b a t nguon t\i mot y - c h i sSn c6 q u y e t b a o - v e l y - t u f c ' n g t h i e n g

l i e n g cua h o , lyt\ic?ng t h i e n g l i e n g l a quyen t i i d o c a

-nhan b a t - k h a xam-pham b a t cxi t\i mot b a o - l i i c nao d\ia d e n ,

l y - t i i c ? n g t h i e n g - l i e n g l a t i n h d o a n - k e t K i n h ^ ThTio'n| keo sc^ k h a n - k h i t b a t - k h a p h a n - l y de t r u c - l c ? i bo'i y - d o man-

t r a cua n g o a i - b a n g o Do d o , t\i hang t r a m nam trUc'c t a i

day cung nhvt t a i hau h e t cac nc'i khac t r e n d a t n\i6c

V i e t - N a m t h a n y e u , khong c h i e n t h a n g nao cua d a n - t o e

V i e t - N a m l a i khong dvlcfc t a o diing l e n bang xvtdng va mau

cua dong-bao t h i e u - s o Hc'n t h e n i i a , t i J ngan xiia ho da

C O mot nen v a n r d n h t o i h a o , bang chUng l a nhQng d i

-t i c h l i c h - s i i h u n g - v i , nhiJng -t h a p Cham k i e n - c o q u y e -t

t r c / - g a n chong c h o i l a i s i i xam-th\jfc cua moi b i e n - c h u y e n

t h i e n - n h i e n t a o - h o a o The ma cho den ngay hom n a y , s i i

h y - s i n h va c o - g a n g l ^ n l a o cua ho v a n b i da t i e n - h o a

v a n - m i n h v o - t i n h bo q u e n Chung t a khong t h e h o a n - t o a n

do t r a c h - n h i e m cho c h i e n - t r a n h vc^i l y l e g i a n - d i "c6 an

c\i vol m6± l a c - n g h i e p " » Cung c6 t h e dung phan nao bo'i

svl t a n pha cua c h i e n - t r a n h , nhiing chung t a diing quen

r a n g , da t u ' l a u s o n g - s o n g v6± s i i g i a - t a n g cua wJc do

c h i e n - t r a n h , Tong-Thong NGUYEN-VAN-THIEU van t h i i c - t h i

3 m u c - t i e u chung cua c h i n h - q u y e n : " V a n - h o i h o a - b i n h ,

k i e n - t o a n d a n - c h u , k i e n - t a o t h i n h - V T J c / n g " ' -Va bang chiing

l a t r o n g may nam qua v a n co nhiAig c h i i o ' n g - t r i n h nham p h a t

t h c ' i - k y P h a p - t h u o c va t h d i - k y sau Cach-mang l963 t r o n g

g i a i - d o a n t r a n h - c h a p c h i n h - t r i cua cac t\i<5ng-lanh

V I

-Khong nhOng c h i s a i lam v i khong am-tiic/ng x a - h o i de dufa

ra nhiAig c h i i o ' n g - t r i n h khong t h i c h - ^ g v6± nguyen-vong cua

dong-bao t h i e u - s o ma con v i nham thoa-man chung cac d o i

h o i c h m h - t r i cua cac p h o n g - t r a o n o i day t r e n cao-nguyen, nen nhiing c h d n g - t r i n h chung nay khong phu-hc'p vc^i hoan-

canh dia-phi^Cng cua t i n h Binh-Thuan

NhOng c h i n h - s a c h "Hoa Dong Dan-Toe" cua Btll-TA-HAN,

c h i n h - s a c h " B i n h Dang, Doan-Ket" cua NGO-OiNH-DIEM va

c h i n h - s a c h "Dan-Toe Hoa-Dong va Dong-Tien" thh± De-nhi Cong-Hoa khong n g o a i m u c - d i c h l a nham cho ngvidx dan " b i n h dang khong p h a n - b i e t dong-bao t h i e u - s o , khong phan b i e t

t o n - g i a o ", chii khong p h a i l a nham "bao t o n " n h i i mot

"do CO hiem c o " de fd hanh-dien nhiJng s a c - t h a i d a c - b i e t

cua nxic'c mmh vc^i cac nvldc khac, n h i i t a i cac m^d'c Dong-Au

va Bac-Au ngay nay

Tuy n h i e n , chung t a can p h a i k e t - t u tvt nhiing nhan

d i n h r i e n g r e cua tvtng d i a - p h i J c ^ g de c6 m9t c h i n h - s a c h chung hoan-hao t h i c h - i i n g vc^i t i f t i g k h u - v i i c Chung t o i n g h i rang neu khong phan t a c h t h i i c - t r a n g cua txing dia-phiic?ng nho be vc?i mot v a i c h u n g - t o c de t u - b o cho nhiing c h i n h - s a c h dang t h i i c - h i e n du c h i l a mot siJ k h i e m - k h u y e t be nho, nhiAng neu de cho nhiing t h i e u s o t I a n r o n g t h i qua t h a t l a mot

d i e u dang t i e c , chung t a da v o - t i n h t a o mot ganh nang cho con chau chung t a sou nay V i van-de p h a t - t r i e n dong-bao

t h i e u - s o de c o "m9t q u o c - g i a c h i co mot d i n h - c h e c h i n h - t r i

va k i n h - t e duy n h a t , khong con quan-niem da-so va t h i e u - s o ,

t a t ca moi ngiic?i deu hifc'ng quyen I c ^ i dong deu, mot

quoc-g i a khonquoc-g b i e t chunquoc-g-toc cua nquoc-gLfc^i dan, d a n h - t i i t h i e u - s o

c h i CO mot y - n g h i a t h o n g - k e " l a mot van-de ma ngi^c^i

quoc-g i a khonquoc-g t h e t r a n h diio'c

1\i nhSng nhan dinh ve tam quan-trong r i e n g r i cua

nhiJng dong-bao t h i e u - s o t a i moi dia-ph\:fdng, chung t o i l a y

t i n h B I N H - T H U A N lam k h o n g - g i a n de k h a o - s a t t h i J c - t r a n g ca'c dong-bao t h i e u - s o R O G L A I , KOHO, NtJNG, T A Y va C H A M ma chung

t o i tarn c h i a lam 3 nhom : Nhom dong-bao t h i e u - s o Thiic'ng

Mien Nam, nhom dong-bao t h i e u - s o Thi^c/ng Mien Bac, nhom

dong-bao Cham, cung n h a n - d i n h mot v a i van-de l i e n - q u a n den c h i n h - s a c h cua c h i n h - p h u danh cho ho t r o n g nhiing

nam qua va sau cung l a nhSng y - k i e n r i e n g cua chung t o i

r i e n g cua chung t o i d a n h - t i i s a c - t o e co t\i c h i i COLORED

PEOPLE (ngulo'i da mau) de t h a y t h e t i e n g NEGRO (dan Da

Den) va INDIAN (dan Da Do) cua My-quoc k h i ng\ih± t a can

g o i chung h a i g i o n g dan nay Hc^ n i i a , t r o n g nhiing v a n

-t h i i g i a o - d i c h bang n g o a i - n g i i Anh, Bo P h a -t - T r i e n Sac-Toe

cung n h i i cc^-quan ban v a n thiic'ng dung ch\i ETHNIC MINORITY

Rieng t a i Viet-Nam n o i chung va t i n h Binh-Thuan n o i r i e n g ,

cac g i o n g dan co diic'i 100.000 ngiic'i t r d xuong hay con

c h a m - t i e n so v d i 35 t r i e u ( d a - s o ) dong-bao K i n h , n g o a i mot v a i chung-toe co da mau hc'i ngam den, t a t ea ehung-

t o e con l a i n h a t l a dong-bao Thiic/ng Mien Bac van-de mau

da khong r o - r e t cho lam Hc'n n i i a , neu g 9 i n h i i t h e chung

t a da d i qua xa mot t h i i c - t h e hc?p n h a t "da vang, mau d o "

ma h i e n t a t ca ngiiO'i dan Viet-Nam dang h a n h - d i e n m j ' g no

t r o n g n g i i d i Tuy n h i e n , danh-ti:^ dong-bao t h i e u - s o chung

t o i c h i dung de t r i n h - b a y quan-diem r i e n g cua chung t o i ,

k h i n g h i e n - c i i u v a n - k i e n l i e n - q u a n den d e - t a i l u a n - v a n

chung t o i van p h a i g i Q nguyen danh-tuf s a c - t o e t r o n g cau

van l i e n - h e Va de cho van-de k h a o - s a t them' r o - r e t , chung

t o i t r a n h dung d a n h - t i f K i n h c h i chung dong-bao Cham va

Viet-Nam t h u a n - t u y nh\i mot v a i l y - t h u y e t - g i a da quan-niem,

ma c h i dung d a n h - t i i K i n h nay de c h i r i e n g cho dong-bao

V i e t t h u a n - t u y

Chung t o i c h i a l u a n - v a n r a lam h a i phan :

VIII

* Phan Mot : THlfCTRANG D 6 N G B X 0 T H I S U S 6 T J N H B ^ N H

-T H U A N

Phan n a y gom hai Chi^c'ng :

- ChiJc^g thij n h a t : Thiic-trang x a - h o i va

thvlc-trang phap-ly cua dong-bao t h i e u - s o

- ChiJc^g thiJ hai : NhiAig co-gang cua chinh-quyen trong nhiing nam q u a

* Phan Hal : V^N-ofe P H A T - T R I ^ N D 5 N G - B A O T H l g U - S 6 T I N H

B I N H - T H U A N

Phan nay »ung gom h a i ChiJc'ng :

- Chiic^g thiJ nhat : Nhiing svl k h i e m - k h u y e t , trc^

n g a i va k h o - k h a n khi thiic-hien trong nhiing nam q u a

- Chu?c?ng thii hai : M5t v a i d e - n g h i liSn-quan den

d o n g - b a o t h i e u - s o

!1

THUC T R A N G

» •

B O N G BAO THIEU SO TINH BINH THUAN

* T H U C T R A N G XA Hdl VA THlTC T R A N G P H A ' P LY C|3A D b N G B A O T H I E U S O

* NHU'NG C O G A N G C O A C H I N H O U Y E M ^

T R O N G NHU'NG NAM Q U A

CHU'O'NG M O T

THU'C T R A N G X A H O I V A THU'C T R A N G

P H A P L.Y C U A D O N G B A O T H i t u S O

B m h - T h u a n l a mot t i n h ciJc Nam T r u n g - n g u y e n

Trung-Phan d vao khoang gii5a dong k i n h t u y e n 1 1 6 , 5 0 - l l S , bac

v i - t u y e n 1 1 , 5 0 - 1 2 , 7 0 Dong g i a p b i e n Nam-Hai, t'ay gia'p

n u i Tru'c?ng-so^ va cac t i n h Lam-Dong, Tuyen-D\Jc, bac g i a p

t i n h N i n h - T h u a n , nam g i a p t i n h B i n h - T u y t h u o c Nam-Phan

Be d a i l a 139 km va d i e n - t i c h t o a n t i n h 427.710ha

H i e n - d i e n cung v ^ i 231.162 ngu'c'i K i n h c6 30.772 Qong-bao t h i e u - s o song r a i - r a c doc t h e o chan n u i cua c a o -nguyen L a n g - B i a n g va b i n h - n g a y e n Chau-Tho

Mac A

SW Hlin HtTu C U A ^ d W G B A O THli'u SO

^ Ngay^nay, c h i n h - q u y e n t i n h B i n h - T h u a n k i e m - s o a ' t 100/o cac buon ap d o n g - b a o t h i e u - s o vc^i t o n g cong 3 0 7 7 2 ngu'cfi

9 ap thuoc 5 Xa Phu-Nhieu, T r i n h - H o a , Gia-Hoa, Gia-Le va

Song-Trao Nhom nay song r a i - r a c t r o n g vung riing n u i

Hien nay da dUdc d i n h - c i i t r o n g vung a n - n i n h , m9t phan cua

xa Phu-Nhieu d i n h - c i i t a i xa L a c - T r i cua dong-bao Cham, so

con l a i cua xa Phu-Nhieu cung vd± xa Trinh-Hoa va Gia-Hoa

d i n h - c i i t a i Song-Mao, xa Gia-Le d i n h - c i i t a i Song-Luy va

Song-Trao dinh-ci:? t a i Ma-Lam thuoc Quan Thien-Giao

- Nhom dong-bao Cham : Nhom nay gom 13• 911 ng\ic>\

CO t a t ca l a 22 ap thuoc 5 xa L a c - T r i , Hau-Quach, Hiiu-An,

Tinh-My va Ma-Lam-Cham ^

Cac xa cua dong-bao Thiic'ng Mien Nam va Cham thuoc

Quan Ly-Cham l a y xa HiAa-An lam Quan-ly each

Phan-Thiet t i n h - l y cua t i n h Binh-Thuan 70 km

- Nhom dong-bao ThiJc^g Mien Bac d i - c i i : Nhom nay

CO t a t ca l a 12.135 ngiio'l, gom chung-toc c h i n h l a Nung

va Tay, ngxibi Nung chiem da-so (11.025 ngxihl) Co t a t

ca l a 10 ap thuoc 4 xa Hai-Thuy, Hai-Lac, Hai-Xuan va

Song-Luy thuoc quan H a i - N i n h , q u a n - l y dat t a i Song-Mao

each Phan-Thiet 72 km, va 1 ap thuoc xa Phan-Ri cda quan

Hoa-Da

* Doan 2 - NGUbN G6C

Tai Viet-Nam, van-de nguon goc cac chung-toc

thxibng diic^c xay-d\Aig bang nhOng t r u y e n - t h u y e t , sau day l a

mot t r o n g nhiAig t r u y e n - t h u y e t ve chung-toc cua b o - l a c

G i l l Ha-Nghe va K'Nghe du^o'c nan t\i dat ket'duyen vc'i

nhau, s i n h mot t r a i t e n l a Ha-Do va mot g a i t e n l a K'Dong Lc'n l e n 2 ngvlhi l a y nhau va s i n h - s a n r a t n h i e u con chau

phan-tan d i khap no'i de thanh ngiic/i C i l l , Ma a, Kaho,

ngiic^i Kinh va ngiic'i Cham ( 1 ) Phan-tach t r u y e n - t h u y e t

Chung t a gap nhiing k h o - k h a n sau

(D.NGUYgN-TRaC-DI Eons-bao cac Sac-Toe Viet-Nam

(Saigon - 1972) t r 185

4

Theo nha n h a n c h u n g Pha'p P GUILLEMINET cho rang b o - l a c C i l l h i e n dang song t a i D a - l a t l a g i o n g dan con t r o n g t i n h - t r a n g s C - k h a i n h a t gan nhi;^ n g u y e n - t h u y

cua l o a i ngxibl t r o n g nhiAig b 9 - l a c h i e n dang song t r e n

cao-nguyen V i e t - N a m , va ngay ca Bo P h a t - T r i e n Sac-Toe cong-nhan l a Bo k h o n g co t a i - l i e u ve b o - l a c n a y

- T r u y e n t h u y e t diic'c xay-diAag bang mot y - n g h i a

t r a i v c ' i l u a n - t h i i c t a g d a o - l y c a n - b a n cua l o a i n g i i d i , do

l a s-d k e t d u y e n cua 2 anh em Ha-Do va K'Dong

Dai l o a i , nhOng t r u y e n t h u y e t deu t i i d ' n g - t i J n h i i

v a y , q u a n - n i e m cua c h u n g t o i ve s\i t i i c ' n g - q u a n ve cC-che

x a - h o i va cd'-che c h i n h - t r i k h o n g p h a i l a anh-h\ic?ng

manh-me t i i c h u n g - t o c Ngay nay khong mot q u o c - g i a nao co mot

d a n - t o e t h u a n - k h i e t c a , n o i n h i i v a y khong p h a i v i t h e ma

q u o c g i a do thiic^ng p h a i xao t r o n c h i n h t r i v i l y do b a t dong c h u n g - t o c Can-nguyen cua s i i x a o - t r o n c h i n h - t r i

-b a t nguon ti:^ k i n h - t e , t i i STJ -b a t - c o n g t r o n g x a - h 9 i , XM mot

q u y e n - l o ' i c S n - b a n cua con ngiic/i b i cha d a p , t i i S T J t r a n h

dan M a - L a i va dan V i e t - N a m co cung nguon goc, d i n h i e n

t r o n g do C O ca d o n g - b a o t h i e u - s o t a i t i n h B i n h - T h u a n

P h e b i n h t h u y e t nay chung t o i t h a y t a c g i a ( B i n h Nguyen-Loc) ch\ia han l a nha n h a n - c h u n g da l a n - l o i n h i e u

-nam t r o n g n g h e , hcfn nxia c o n g - t r i n h b i e n - k h a o c h i l a cua ca-nhan nen phiic?ng-phap "do so ngxidi cua t a c - g i a neu c o "

d i ni5a chiia chac da p h a n - a n h diic'c k i c h thiio'c t i e u - c h u a n cua cac nha n h a n - c h u n g h i e n d a i Cung can b i e t them

ph\ic?ng-phap do so n g i i c ' i de t i m nguon goc c h u n g - t o c h i e n nay da l o i t h c f i N o i r i e n g ve suf l i e n - h e g i i i a n g i i d i

Cham va n g i i c ' i K i n h , chung t o i nhan t h a y c h i co anh hiio'ng

ve van-hoa va n g h e - t h u a t , hc^ n5a s i i l i e n - h e nay cung b i

g i c ' i - h a n bc?i k h o n g - g i a n va t h c ' i - g i a n r o - r e t Chi nhuhg

vung t i n h Q u a n g - B i n h , tu'c l a d a t Chiem D9ng ngay x\ia

t r d vao md± co l i e n - h e va l i e n - h e nay c h i co tuf t h e - k y

t h i i 14 ti^c l a t h d ' i - k y b a t dau cuoc n a m - t i e n cua ngiio^i Kinh diia d a n - t o e V i e t - N a m ve mot m o i

• • •

Theo S.A STEIN t h i ngulc'i Cham cung nhu! K i n h va

cac nhom t h i e u - s o khac p h a t - x u a t t\i T r u n g - H o a G i a - t h u y e t

can-cuf t i i nhu!ng do dung t h o ' i t i e n - s \ va cac g i a i - d o a n

t i e n - h o a cua con ngvldl d o i vo'i do dung n h i i da d e o j da

m a i ; do k i m - k h i v v Theo chung t o i , t h u y e t nay khong

co mot dijp-kien l i c h - s i : ? nao l a m n e n - t a n g v i M g c h a c Ngi;fc?i Cham khong co mot a n h - h u t t o g dang ke so v d ' i nen v a n - m i n h Trung-Hoa, mot nen v a n - m i n h Ic'n manh khong nhiing c h i a n h -hiio^g t r o n g v u n g A-Chau m.a con l a n - t r a n ra ca Trung-Dong

va Dong-Au T r o n g x a - h o i x i i a , ngiio'i Cham I a n h o i b i e t dung do bang da deo, da m a i , do k i m - k h i v v - , do l a

phaniing cua con ng\id± trxidc s i i s i n h t o n va l a svl t i e n hoa t\jl n h i e n cua l o a i ngxidj co xUa t r e n t r a i d a t chii

-khong p h a i r i e n g g i cho ngxidi Cham va T r u n g - H o a

G i a - t h u y e t sau cung k e t - q u a t i : ^ siJ k h a o - c i i u cua

n h i e u nha n h a n - c h u n g - h o c va nha t r u y e n - g i a o Tay-phij^d^g

da dUdc n h i e u h o c g i a ngay nay tarn chap nhan de lam c a n ban^ cua svl k h a o - c i i u do l a nguon goc l 5 c - C h a u Cac c h u n g -

6

-toe Thxidng Mien Nam va Cham co nguon goc tU nhiing bo-lac

Negritos va Papuans cua cac dao Nouvelle guine va

Nou-velle Caledonia tJc-Chau To-tien cua ho di-dan bang

each viidt bien Thai-Binh-Diic?ng b a n g cac thuyen doc-moc khoet t\i nhiing than cay lo'n tii cac quan-dao nay de tranh

cac nguon n u i Ilia trong thd'i-ky T a n - T h a c h - K y Nhuhg

theo VU-TI^N-PHtJC khong p h a i t o - t i e n h9 di-dan ma la m o t sii hanh-trinh di tim than Thai-Diic'ng Ian ( 1 ) Tuy cac muc-tieu d i - d a n ch\ia xac-dinh r o , nhiing co m o t vai s\i-

kien co the tin diiCc do la s\ tiic^g-tii cua sii cau-tao bo xiidng cung m o t v a i phong-tuc tap-quan cua giong dan nay

va giong dan Dayak d B o r n e o N g o a i r a , sii d i - c h u y e n bang

thuyen doc-moc khong nhiing chi tin diio'c trong hanh-trinh ngan (l5c-Chau - Viet-Nam) ngay xi^a vc^i thuyen doc-moc dau chan ngi^cyi Cham da theo giong hai-liiu tim den Le Caire cua Ai-Cap de hanh-hiic'ng va ngiio'c dong hai-liiu den N h a t - Ban de buon b a n

Rieng doi vc^i cac chung-t9c Thiidng Mien Bac di-cii

ma da-so la dong-bao N u n g , cac nha n h a n - c h u n g phan dong

deu cong nhan la p h a t - x u a t t\i T r u n g - H o a Chung-toe Thai

va I^kic^ng cac nha nhan-chung cho rang co sii pha tron cua 2

giong m a u Trung-Hoa va K i n h Mac du co STJ phi:?c-tap cua

cac chung-toc n a y , nhiing co dieu chac-chan la ho hien-dien

tai Binh-Thuan bat dau ti:^ nam 1 9 5 4 tiic la sau ngay phan

chia lanh-tho Viet-Nam bd± h i e p - d i n h Geneve 20 thang 7

(1) vO-TlfiN-PHUC "Cac Hanh-Irinh 8 Thai-Binh-DiicJns"

Cap-Tien 36 thang 6 nam 1972 Trang 7 1

M a c B

THtfC T R A W 6 C U A ^ ^ N G BAO T H I E U So'

Trvtdc k h i d i t i m mot dap so d phan h a i , phan chu

yeu cua b a i l u a n - v a n , chung t o i x i n t r i n h - b a y 2 d i i - k i e n hien t a i lam g i a - t h u y e t , do l a t h i J c - t r a n g s i n h - h o a t x a -hoi va t h i J c - t r a n g p h a p - l y cua van-de

Cac chinh-sach trUdc day cua cac nha cam quyen

di;fCng-thc'i ch{nh v i khong de y den t h i i c - t r a n g x a - h o i ma chi "hap t a p " dufa ra nhSng bien-phap nham thoa-man thiJc-

trang p h a p - l y txic l a cac d o i h o i c h i n h - t r i nen khong may

hiJu-hieu- T h i i c - t r a n g p h a p - l y , cho du co mot tam trong l a lam " t h i i c t i n h " cac nha cam quyen nhi;ftng no t h o a t

quan-t h a i quan-ti;^ quan-t r a n g - quan-t h a i x a - h o i nen chiia han phan-anh dung hoan toan nhiing nhu-cau can g i a i - q u y e t , no co the c h i l a muc-

t i e u cua mot v a i ca-nhan cua ngiic?i chu-xud^e- hoac co t h e chi dap-ling tiing khu-vtic Do do, cho du pham-vi cua b a i luan-van khong cho phep mo-ta c h i - t i e t nhiing t r a n g - t h a i tho-sc/^ l a c - h a u cua tiftig nhom dong-bao t h i e u - s o , nhiing d i i -kien de lam nen-tang chinh yeu cung phai l a t h i i c - t r a n g sinh-hoat x a - h o i

* Doan 1 - THl/C-TRANG SINH-HOAT XS-HOI

A - T6-CHd'C Xi^-HQI

1 ) - To-chiic buon ap

Dong-bao t h i e u - s o song thanh tiing lang gom t i i 50

noc-gia den 200 n o c - g i a , d\id± quyen d i e u - k h i e n cua Chu

Lang, ngay nay Chu Lang l a nhiing Triic?ng-Ap diidc bau theo

t h e - t h i i c va quyen-han l u a t - d i n h Moi lari.e: thd mot hay

nhieu V I t h a n g o i l a t h a n thanh-hoang, v i t h a n nay co

nhiemvu baove dan l a n g t r a n h k h o i canh hoahoan, t h i e n

-t a i ' v a b e n h - -t a -t , ngoai ra con phai -tao mi;?a, gio de dieu

hoa raua mang c u a d a n - c h u n g Do d o , h a n g nam h a y d i n h - k y ngiic^i d a n p h a i t a c'n b a n g e a c h c u n g b a i l i n h - d i n h b a n g

t a i - s a n r i e n g c u a ' l a n g h o a c b o ' i s\i d o n g gop cua d a n l a n g ,

t r o n g v i e c the? p h u n g t o t i e n Ngi:?ci'i Cham va n h G n g d o n g

b a o Thiic'ng M i e n Nam c h i u anhhvtdng Cham t h e o c h e d o m a u

NgTJc'i Cham va Thiicyng M i e n Nam, n h a g a i d i i n g c h u

10

-cho nhiAig ngufd'i nong-dan yeu kem t a i - c h a n h phai c h a t - v a t tau t r a u giup v i e c dong-ang •>

B - TIN-NGUHNG

Cac dong-bao ThiJc^ng Mien Nam, mot v a i ngxidl theo

dao T i n - L a n h , B'Hai v v o „ nh\;fng day c h i l a ca-nhan khong anh-hiic'ng g i den s i n h - h o a t g i a - d i n h , con l a i t a t ca t r o n g dau oc deu c6 n h i e u v i than de the?

Dong-bao ThiJc'ng Mien Bac di-ci:?, chung ta co the

n o i , gan nhii hau het cac t o n - g i a o h i e n dang c6 t a i t i n h

Binh-Thuan, ngoai trxi t o n - g i a o : Hoi-Giao ( B a - N i ) ,

Ba-La-Mon va B'Hai deu c6 t r o n g s i n h - h o a t cua t a p - t h e ho

Dong-bao Cham theo h a i t o n - ^ i a o chinh l a Mon va Hoi-Giao ( B a - N i ) , theo cac siJ-gia tru^c^c k h i hap

Ba-La-thu van-minh Hindo (1) ngvldl Cham theo Phat-GiaOo

Ngoai mot^'gia-dmh ngiic'i Thiicfng Mien Bac d i - c i J , gan nhuf hau het ngu'c'i ThiJc'ng Mien Nam va ngiib'i Cham (du

da C O t o n - g i a o va nguyen c h i thd mot dang t o i - c a o l a

A l l a h hay dang chua t r c ' i ) t r o n g long deu n g i j f - t r i nhieu

v i t h a n Tin-ng\i5ng da-than nay l a mot hien-tiic^ng dijfd'ng

nhien t r o n g nhiing x a - h o i con l a c - h a u , nhiJng t a i - h a i hdn

l a i C O s-d tiic'ng-quan giQa t o n - g i a o va t h a n - t h a n h Gat

ra ngoai sii t^ic'ng-quan nay va l i e t - k e nhiing v i than ma

dong-bao hang ngay phai cung k i e n , c h i rieng^V(5i mot v i

"Than Niic5c" cung lam cho dong-bao phai v a t - v a r a t nhieu

t r o n g nhOng nam han han Hang nam, den mua ca3'"-cay neu

trd± chiia mUa dan lang se l a y l o * i - t i i c c6 txi t a i - s a n

r i e n g cua than (thufc/ng l a ruong do cac t r i e u - d a i phong cho) hoac t i i dong de cung cau ui^a » Neu than "chiia h a i

l o n g " ngvibl dan nghi rang can phai siia-sang hay xay l a i

no'i the? phung cho t r a n g - n g h i e m , the l a co mot sii dong

( l ) ANTOINE CABATON N o u v e l l e s R e c h e r c h e s S u r Ijes C h a i n s

P a r i s 1 9 0 1 p 7

gop khac o Lan nay, neu v i t h a n nvidc "van ch^ia het g i a n " ,

t h i dan lang l a i n g h i co the nc'i thc^ ph^io'ng b i o-ue v i l y

do nao do hay l e khanh-thanh khong uy-nghiem nh\ y muon

cua t h a n d o i h o i , l a i mot l a n niJa, co mot siJ dong gop Idn

lao khac t u y theo y - k i e n cua da-so hay mot v a i ca-nhan co

u y - t i n ^ " h i e u r o " 1^ d o T h i e t n g h i , chung t o i khong

can phai ke them ve hau-qua cua s\i ton-sung mu-quang ay

t r e n phiio'ng-dien k i n h - t e ,

C - KINH-Tg *

Ng\jfc/i Thiicfng B a c - V i e t , da-so s i n h song ve nghe

thij?c?ng-mai hay ky-nghe Ngxidl Nung, can-ban cua ho chinh

l a giong mau Trung-Hoa do do ho khong kem g i ngiic'i V i e t

goc Hoa t r e n thiic'ng-trxic'ng, va d i nhien l a hdn h i n ngUdl

Kinh ( 1 )

Bong-bao Thvtdng Vden Nam song bang nghe lam r a y

Vc^i nghe lam r a y , ho con gi{5 t u c du-canh, d u - c i i , l y do

V I k y - t h u a t canh-tac tho-sc?, n h i e u nc'i con g i i i t u c kieng

c\ khong dam bon phan nen l u a lam diic'c t r o n g v a i ba mua

l a h e t mau-m5 p h a i de dat n g h i v a i nam Thong-thiid'ng,

sau v a i bs vu mua ca lang l a i t h i e n cvt v i ruong r a y cua

t a t ca dan lang da den ky hiAi-canh Ho den mot d i a - d i e m

t h u a n - t i e n khac l a p buon, lam r a y Cung co k h i ho t h i e n

cU khong p h a i v i l y do d a t - d a i , ma v i co nhiing hien-tiio'ng

theo tin-ng\iSng l a xau, l a dau h i e u ma-qui am-anh, l a

than khong cho d day n5a Ca buon hay c h i v a i g i a - d i n h

t h i e n - C T i nhiAig ho cung c h i quanh-quan c' t r o n g pham-vi

r a n h - g i d i cua buon va lam r a y t r e n dat r i e n g ma t h o i ch\

khong d\idc l a n qua vung sc'-hQu, tr\i trvtdng-hdp nhiJng khu

dat do chxia co chu

Khi chuyen nhiic^ng d a t - d a i , ngiid'i mua p h a i lam l e

md± nhan-ch;5ng l a nhiJng ngiic?i g i a , nhOng t r a i t r e , va t r e

( l ) N G U Y S N - T R A C - D I Eong-bao cac s i c - t o o H i i e u - s o Viet-Nam T r 1 2 1

con den chiJng k i e n v i e c mua ban khu d a t do V i v a y , mac

du khong c6 bang-khoan, v a n - t i i moi ngiio'i deu t o n - t r o n g

quyen so'-hiJu-chu cua nhau qua nhan-chiJng ba dd± do«

Kgay nay, mot so ngxidl ThuJc'ng M e n Nam c h i u anh

hiidng cua Cham da b i e t lam r u o n g va cay-cay bang t r a u bo

Dong-bao Cham, hau h e t deu s i n h - s o n g bang nghe

lam r u o n g mot so i t k i e m them I c ' i - t i i c bang nghe lam vvibn

va r a y

Tuy phiic'ng-phap c a n h - t a c c o - t r u y e n da d a t den

rai^c t o i - h a o anh-hiic?ng cho ca dong-bao Thiic/ng va Kinh

t r o n g vung l a n - c a n nhiAig khong p h a i v i t h e ho khong de y den nhOng phu?c?ng-phap c a n h - t a c khoa-hoc h i e n t a i Ho can

may c a y , nhiJng r u o n g c a n h - t a c qua i t ( r a t hiem ngUdl

canh-tac t r e n 5 mau) ho can g i o n g t o t , phnn bon, may bom

nxiSc v v ^nhiMg khong c6 von de mua sam Cu t r o n g

vong l a n - q u a n a y , dc'i song cua ho t h a y d o i khong bao

n h i e u so vc'i s i i co-gang va can-cu s i e n g - n a n g cua ho o

Tong-hc/p l a i t a t ca nhiJng t h i i c - t r a n g x a - h o i t r e n , Chung t a t h a y nhiing ngiJc^i n h i e u t i e n , nhiing ngiic/i buon

ban b i e t lo'i-dung t i n h - t r a n g x a - h o i va cong them mot t i n h

t h a n "do liio'ng b i e t thiic'ng x o t hoan-canh" se lam g i a u mau chong nho' ho Do do, chung t a khong l a y g i lam ngac n h i e n , nhling quan-nhan cong-chijc t h u a n - t u y kho v a y t i e n va mua

t h i e u t a i nhOng nc'i nay du vd'i g i a d a t hc'n nhiAig ngxibl

nong-dan, va t a i nhQng " t i e m buon Ic^n" ben di;^c'ng d i vao buon ap nhi5ng pham-vat c6 t i n h - c a c h t i e n - n g h i v a t - c h a t va nhOng san-pham hc?p v e - s i n h thich-ho'p v ^ i sv! dinh-d\;f5ng

cua con ngvldl r a t hiem c6 hoac khong c6 so v6± nhi5ng do

dung va san-pham dung de cung k i e n va lam cac phu phep

l a t\i nhOng d o i h o i , nhiing bao-dong, nhiing thiio'ng-liid'ng, nhiAig sU nghien-ci;^ cua cac nha chuyen-mon v V o , de co

nhi5ng v S n k i e n m i n h d i n h nhQng c h i i d t i g t r i n h p h a i t h i i c

-h i e n trong_^mot t -h c f i - g i a n nao do, bang c-hiing l a dong-bao

t h i e u - s o van thxibng hiid'ng nhi5ng dai-ngo viic't r a ngoai

khuon-kho cua nhQng v a n - k i e n va da t-ifng c6 nhUng

chiic'ng-t r i n h khong l a y mochiic'ng-t v a n - k i e n p h a p - l y nao lam can-ban c a

Do l a nh{5ng v a n k i e n b a t t h a n h van, hay l a nhOng t r a c h

-nhiem t h i e n g - l i e n g cua ng\ib± dan Viet-Nam khong t h e lo"

l a vo'i cuoc song t o i - t a m day-doa h i e n t a i cua dong-bao

t h i e u - s o o Va du cho K i n h , ngiic'i t h i e u - s o c6 b a t nguon

t i i nh{5ng nguon goc chung-toc khac nhau t h i bon-phan cua mot quoc-gia t r e n phiic^g-dien x a - h o i phai bao-boc, nang d5 moi cong-dan khong phan b i e t nam n{5, chung-toc da suot t r o n g may t r a m nam cung chung liing dau c a t bno-ve non song gam voc» Do d o , theo quan-niem r i e n g cua chung

t o i du l a can-cii tvl t h i i c - t r a n g x a - h o i hoac t h i J c - t r a n g

p h a p - l y , van-de can-ban l a chinh-sach p h a i phan-anh long

t r u n g - t h i i c , t h i e n - c h i va p h a i thoa-man dung nhu-cau va nguyen-vong cua dong-bao.^ Tuy n h i e n , khong p h a i v i t h e

ma chung t a bo quen d i phan khao-sat can-ban p h a p - l y cua van-de, v i t h i i c - t e no van l a diem t i i a chung cua cac quoc

g i a t r e n the-gi(5i va t u y moi quoc-gia c6 m u c - t i e u r i e n g can d a t den nha cam quyen se ban-hanh nhiing v a n - k i e n

r i e n g b i e t de c6 nhiing phiic?ng-tien d i den m u c - t i e u r i e n g

do

Triic^c h e t l a Bang Tuyen-Ngon Quoc-Te Nhan-Quyen ngay 10 thang 10 nam 194S« Du khong co g i a - t r i p h a p - l y rang buoc cac quoc-gia ve phiic'ng-dien p h a p - l y v i no c h i

l a h-ddc dau t i e n de t i e n tc^i mot to-chiic quoc-te nham

bao-dam nhan-quyen va quyen cua t h i e u - d a n , cac quoc-gia can phai bo-tuc bang thoa-iio'c g i i i a cac quoc-gia va cac dinh-che bao-dam nhiing cung phan-anh moi quan-tam cua cac quoc-gia ve van-de Thieu-So Dieu 2 t r o n g chiic'ng md' dau Bang Tuyen-Ngon da l o n g - t r o n g xac-nhan : "Chung t o i nhiing dan-toe cua Lien-Hiep-Quoc quyet-tam xac-nhan mot

I a n niia long t m - t i i c ' n g d quyen l o ' i can-ban cua con ng\ic?i

t i i - c a c h va g i a - t r i cua ca-nhan, d s i i binh-quyen nam n\

14

-h s i i b i n h - d i n g giiip nhi5ng dan-toe Ic^n eung nhii nho" Ld±

tuyenbo khong nhQng c h i xacnhan suong v i e c baove t h i e u

-dan t a i mot q u o c - g i a , t a i mot khu-VL^c ma con bao-dam va

giup dc' t h i e u - d a n co mot mvlc song cua xmic song con ngiJc^i,

dieu 25 g i a i t h i c h : "Moi ngiio'i deu co quyen co mot miic

song day du sung-tuc de bao-ve s\ic khoe, STJ de c h i u cho

g i a - d i n h ^ n h a t l a th{ic a n , nha d, thvlc u o n g " o Sau eung, Bang Tuyen-Ngon eung khong quen nhac-nhc' cac quoc-gia

t h i e t - l a p nhOng phLec'ng-tien de bao-dam nhQng quyen nhan cua con ngiic/i nhii da q u i - d i n h o' treno

ca-Tai Viet-Nam, sau cuoc cach-mang nam 1963 t r o n g thc^i-gian 3 nam ke tuf thang 5 nam 1964 cho den thang 10 nam 1966, co 4 k y ' D a i - H o i Cac Sac-Toe t a i P l e i k u Tinh Binh-Thuan duftfc de-cijf 2 d a i - d i e n t r o n g so cac d a i - d i e n

t a i cac t m h co dong-bao t h i e u - s o « Cac bien-ban cua cac

ky DaiHoi dxidc g h i r o t h i n h n g u y e n chung cua cac d i a

-phUo'ng va chinh-phu hiia bao-dam t h i - h a n h , nguyen-vong va

q u y e t - n g h i co t h e t o m - t a t vac 3 diem sau day :

1) - X i n chinh-phu ban-hanh mot chinh-sach

Thiidng-Vu hiJu-hieu de t h e - h i e n s i / b i n h - d a n g , tiJ-do doan-ket gii5a

Kinh va Thi^c/ng va xoa bo nhiing bat-cong t\i tvxidc

2) - X i n l a p mot cd'-quan tham-quyen nang-d5 bao Thu-c^ng

dong-^ 3 ) - X i n CO chifcdong-^ng-trinh nang-d5 d a c - b i e t cho

dong-bao ThUc^ng t r e n cac d i a - h a t hanh-chanh, c h i n h - t r i , van-hoa , k i n h - t e , x a - h o i theo nhu-cau thi^c-t'rang va

nguyen-vong cua dong-bao dia-phiJc'ng o

Hien-Phap ngay 1 thang 4 nam 196? t r o n g thc^i-ky soan-thao co d a i - d i e n cua dong-bao t h i e u - s o t i n h B i n h - Thuan, t a i d i e u I I khoan 2 xac-nhan : "Quoc-gia c h u -

tv \idTi.g sU bmh-dang giiia cac cong-dan, khong p h a n - b i e t

nam hay nxi, t o n g i a o , s a c t o e d a n g p h a i , dongbao t h i e u

-so diio'c d a c - b i e t nang d5 de theo k i p da t i e n - h o a chimg cua d a n - t o e " Phan-tach Bang Hien-Phap 196? chung t a

t h a y , c h i n h - q u y e n khong nhGng c h i c h u - t r \ i c ' n g mot s i i b i n h dang bang mot v a n - t h i i c l o n g - t r o n g , ma con t r u - l i e u n h & i g

b i e n - p h a p n a n g - d 5 d a c - b i e t cho dong-bao t h i e u - s o co co'

h o i t i e n - h o a Tuy n h i e n , t a i khoan 3 d i e u 10 : "Nen g i a o

due D a i - H o c d\jdc t i i - t r i " da t h o a t r a n g o a i b i e n - p h a p nang

dd cua c h m h - p h u n h i i t r o n g khoan 2 cung d i e u 10 : "Nen

g i a o - d u c cc'-ban co t i n h - c a c h c i i 5 n g - b a c h va m i e n - p h i " , k h i e n Cho dong-bao t h i e u - s o p h a n - v a n s i i t i e n - h o a ay co t h e o k i p

da t i e n - h o a chung cua d a n - t o e h a y khong ? Van-de n a y se

CO d i p ban l a i c' phan h a i cua b a i l u a n - v a n n a y

S a c - l u a t 0 3 3 / 6 7 , b a n - h a n h Quy-Che Rieng B i e t cho dong-bao t h i e u - s o k e t - t u bang t h i n h - n g u y e n cua cac d a i -

d i e n dong-bao t h i e u - s o t a i cac dia-phi;fc^g t r o n g do co

t i n h B i n h - T h u a n t r o n g 2 n g a y 25 va 26 t h a n g 6 nam 196? gom nhQng d i e u c h i n h - y e u s a u t r o n g 10 d i e u cua S a c - l u a t :

-phu s e mc^ them t r i i c ' n g t r u n g - h o c , t i e u - h o c , x a y c a t

Ky-t u c - x a de cho con em Ky-t h i e u - s o du cho h o c - h a n h

16

-2) - K h u y e n - k h i c h va cap them h o c - b o n g cho con em

t h i e u s o C O p h i i d ' n g t i e n t h e o hoc cac triic^ng T r u n g , D a i

k e t K i n h Thij^dng kho"! dau bang nhi5ng l i e n - h e m a t - t h i e t ,

r o i xa l a , nghingo* r o i l a i cogSng t h a t chac t m h d o a n

k e t o Va cung t u y t h u o c vao b i e n c h u y e n cua l i c h s i i , x a

-h o i d o n g - b a o t -h i e u - s o dUo'c t i e n - t r i e n n g i i n g t r e r o i l a i diio'c t i e n - t r i e n vc?i mot g i a - t o c cham-chap, de r o i aen ngay nay triic^c mot t h i J c - t e khong t h e l a m ngc? diic'c, c h m h -

quyen p h a i ganh vac mot t r a c h - n h i e m nang-ne t r i i c ' c s\i

t i e n - h o a chung cua d a n - t o eo D i n h i e n , k h i d e - c a p den

y e u - t o l i c h - s - i i , n g o a i h e - t r a n g x a - h o i d\ic?ng t h c ? i , chung

t a khong t h e bo qua y d i n h cua c h m h - q u y e n diic'ng t h o ' i o

Muc A

l^ii^Q TH&l WHI CdUG HOA

Trong t h c ' i k y n a y , t a i B m h T h u a n kht^i dau d o n g bao t h i e u - s o gom 2 nhom : nhom dong-bao ThUc'ng I^lien Nam

-va nhom'dong-bao Cham, qua den nam 1954 sau H i e n - d i n h Geneve phan c h i a l a n h - t h o V i e t - N a m , c o n g - d o n g d i a - p h i i d l i g

B i n h - T h u a n h o i nhap mot nhom mc^i do l a d o n g - b a o Thiio'ng

M i e n Bac d i - c i f t\i bo x a - h o i c h u - n g h i a o" Bac vao Nam t i m

c h a n t r c / i t i i d o mc^i T r o n g muc nay chung t o i c h i a b i e n chuyen l i c h - s i i l a m 3 g i a i - d o a n :

-Thc?i-ky t n i o ' c P h a p - t h u o c

T h o ' i - k y P h a p - t h u o c Thc^i-ky c h i n h - p h u Ngo-Dinh-DiSci"

Thc/i-ky sau cach-mang nam I963

* Doan— — — 1 « - T H C / I - K ^ TRI/C^C P H A P - T H U O C

Sau cuoc N a m - t i e n h o a n - t a t , dvta d a n - t o e V i e t - N a m

ve m9t m o i , nha Nguyen l i e n g i a o pho e h i n h - s a e h k h a i hoa

•

dong-bao t h i e u - s o cho BtJI-T/-HSNo T a i Thuan-Phu vao nam

1540, B u i - T a - H a n d a t ehiic G i a o - d i c h ngiic^i dia-phiic'ng

t r o n g e o i cac dong-bao t h i e u - s o t h u o c bon t m h B m h - T h u a n ,

B i n h - T u y , Lam-Dong va N i n h - T h u a n bay gic/ G i a o - d i c h

la Nguyen, diic'i Nguyen l a eon Quan Cac to-ch\5c r i e n g

Den nam iSOO, Nguyen-Hoang d o i chiic Giao-dieh_^

thanh T h o n g - d i c h d a t t r i i c - t h u o c quan'Lufu Thu B i n h - T h u a n

k h a i - t h a c si5c l a o - d o n g cua dong-bao t h i e u - s o c u n g - i i n g

20

-cho cac d o n - d i e n va khai-tha'c t a i - n g u y e n h i e n - h i i u lam

g i a u cho mau-quoC"

Kha'c^vc^i Bic^y, ngvlhl I'hap t h i e t l a p nhiJng k h u

-vu-c t i J - t r i r o n g - r a i ^ c h o dong-bao Nung, t a i ^Inh-Thuan

vao^nam t h e o d e - n g h i B o u l l o c h e l e n Cc^-i'iat-Vien'cua

t r i e u - d i n h Hue t h u o c guyen Bao-Ho cua ^hap, dong-bao

t h i e u - s o d a t dxidl quyen t r o n g c o i cua v i e n Cohg '^xi i'hap

va mot Quan-Dao d a i - d i e n ng^^d± K i n h = Theo d e - n g h i nay cac Tong, Nguon, i'^au, ^-^uc d o i t h a n h Dao, Chau hay Huyen Tong va Lang Tvl d e - n g h i cua B o u l l o c h e , dong-bao t h i e u -

so Binh-Thuan c6 mot khu-viJc hanh-chanh g o i l a Hoa-Da'Tho

huyen t h u o c Huyen Hoa-Da t r o n g c o i va den nam 1910 diic^c

d o i t h a n h Huyen Phan-Ly-Cham

Hau-qua cua c h i n h - s a c h nay, c h i n h - q u y e n Bao-Ho Phap da lam cho dong-bao t h i e u - s o von da ngheo d o i , kho

sd nay l a i cang kho sd" de p h a i bo g i a - d i n h d i lam phu

don-d i e n cao-su don-d cac t i n h Nam-phan D i e u nay don-de h i e u v i don-d a t

Binh-Thuan khong t h i c h - h d p vd± v i e c t r o n g cao-su, t r o n g

k h i do cac d o n - d i e n cao-su c' Nam-phan khan-hiem nhan-cong Trong t h d i - g i a n n a y n h i e u nhan-cong b i c h e t , n h a t l a dan

ba va nhi5ng ngiic^i g i a ca v i • khong c h i u n o i nhOng cong

v i e c nang nhoc va d o i k h a t

* C o a n _ 3 o - TH^I-K^ CH^-BO N G 6 - B 1 N H - D I E N

Sau H i e p - d i n h Geneve cham d i i t che-do Bao-Ho cua

Phap, nxidc Viet-Nam c h i a lam h a i mien the-hi.en h a i

che-do khac nhauo M e n Nam Viet-Nam, sau k h i l e n cam quyen

v i e c dau t i e n cua c h i n h - p h u N G O - D I N H - D I E M d o i Yd±

dong-bao t h i e u - s o l a b a i bo che-d5 H O A N G - T R I E U Cl/ONG-THg dem

l a i mot • l u o n g s i n h - k h i mo'i cho dong-bao t h i e u - s o t a i t m h

Binh-Thuan vdi s\i h o i - n h a p cua anh em Th\;^d'ng K i e n Bac

d i - c i J

- D o i vd'i dong-bao Thifdng M i e n Bac c h i n h - q u y e n

cho d i n h c i i t a i SongMao mot vung d a t r o n g Idn va p h i

-n h i e u V i e c dau t i e -n cua c h i -n h - q u y e -n l a t h i e t - l a p mot khu-viJc h a n h - c h a n h l a y t e n l a Quan H a i - N i n h ( t e n ' m o t ' t i n h Bac-phan gom d a - s o d o n g - b a o Nung s i n h s o n g ) , t u y mat d i

t i n h - c a c h t i i - t r i n h i i k h i con o" B a c - p h a n , nh\:^g v i e c d a t khu-vu-c h a n h - c h a n h r i e n g va l a y t e n cu d a t cho k h u - v i J c ,

lam cho d o n g - b a o Thxidng M i e n Bac t i n - t U c / n g r a t n h i e u ' n c ^ i

c h i n h q u y e n

-D o i vd± d o n g - b a o Thiic/ng l i i e n Nam va Cham, co'-quan

c h u y e n - b i e t p h u - t r a c h bay l a u n a y l a huyen Phan-Ly-Gham

d o i t h a n h Quan Phan-Ly-Cham va d a t t m i c - t h u o c Toa Chanh T i n h B i n h - T h u a n c h u khong p h a i i a Phu Hoa-Da nhi;?

Hanh-t r i i o ' c k i a

Tuy d o c - q u y e n a n - d i n h c h i n h - s a c h p h a t - t r i e n cho dong-bao t h i e u - s o , nhiing c h m h - q u y e n r a t quan-tam va c o -

gang t r o n g k h a - n a n g q u y e t d a t dUdc m u c - t i e u c a i - t h i e n

t o a n - d i e n ve moi l a n h - v t ? c C h i n h - q u y e n thiic^ng-xuyen h o i

y vd± cac b o - l a o va de g i u p c h i n h - q u y e n T i n h , c h i n h - p h u

p h a i nhi5ng c h u y e n - v i e h d a c - t r a c h dong-bao t h i e u - s o t h u o c Nha Cong-Tac X a - H o i M i e n Thxic'ng h o a c h - d i n h va'hi;e(5ng-dan

t h i J c - h i e n c o n g - t a c

A - Vfe Y-Tg

N g o a i c o n g - t a c t u y e n - t r u y e n n h i i d i s a u vao buon

ag p h o - b i e n b i c h - c h i i d n g , g h a t - t h a n h , c h i e u bong de cho

dong-bao j-thUc sc'-dang ve nhUng n g u y - h i e m do STJ an uong

t h i e u v e - s i n h , chi5a^benh bang p h u - p h e p n h a m - n h i phan

k h o a - h o c , c h i n h - q u y e n con p h a i n g a y dem s a n - s o c s i i c - k h o e

t\i k h i t r i e u - c h \ 5 n g mdi p h a t - k h c ^ i Song-song vd± c o n g - t a c

nay c h i n h - q u y e n c a g - t o c h u a n - l u y e n cac t h a n h - n i e n nam n\

t h i e u - s o ( t h a n h - p h a n n o n g - c o t cua x a - h o i ) c6 c h u t i t hoc

t h u c ve nhiing each d i n h - b e n h va chi5a benh thong-thiic/ng»

Chi t r o n g t h c / i - g i a n ngan c6 den gan 10 ng\id± ca nam I a n

t o t - n g h i e p cac khoa T a - V i e n Dieu-rH;f5ng va C O - D S

Hiitfng-T h p n D o i vd± d o n g - b a o Hiitfng-Thufc'ng M i e n Nam, v i e c b a t bu9c

p h a i mac ao che k i n t h a n - t h e , chung t o i n h a n x e t l a no

2 2

-nham bao-ve siic khoe dong-bao hdn l a -nham vao m u c - t i e u

dong-hoa dan-toe nhi:f mot v a i ngiic'i quan-niem

B - KINH-Tg

1) - Nong-nghiep

Tai hau h e t cac buon ap, chinh-quyen t h i e t - l a p cac d i n h - d i e n nham giam d i h x n h - t h a i luan-canh c o - t r u y e n

cua dong-bao Thufc/ng Mien Nam Doi v6± dong-bao Cham va

Thifc'ng Mien Bac, chinh-quyen khuyen-khich hiidng dan done bao t h i e t - l a p cac khe-iic/c d i e n - t h o nham bao-ve quyen

canh-tac cua nong-dan De hau-thuan cho c h i i d n g - t r i n h ,

chinh-quyen dao-tao S Huan-Sii thuoc nganh de den t a n buon

ap p h o - b i e n nhiJng k y - t h u a t canh-tac t i e n - b o

2) - Tieu cong-nghe

Chinh-phu NGO-DINH-DIEM thuc day p h a t - t r i e n t i e u cong-nghe khong phai c h i nham vao van-de cong an v i e c lam ciiu-canh c h i n h l a nham vao nhu-cau thiJc-te cua dong-bao, lam cho dong-bao co nhiing t h i i ma dong-bao t h i e u va

nhGng thxi diia cho dong-bao l a de cho dong-bao dung chxi

khong phai de cho dong-bao n h i n ' h o a c cat lam k y - n i e m

- Khi d o i ho can gao ho'n t r a i cay hop s{5a, banh

m i Khi l a n h ho can chan, can ao hd'n l a b i t t a t , non k i e u

That v a y , k h i chiJa c6 mot nen k i n h - t e viing chac,

t i e u cong-nghe r a t t h i i c - t e va thiic-dung no b6-tuc cho phiio'ng-thiic t \ i - t u c p h a t - t r i e n mot x a - h o i nho nhii buon ap chang h a n

Thiic-hien phiic'ng-cham t r e n , chinh-quyen da khuyen

k h i c h va g i u p d5 t h a n h - n i e n nam nU den Nha Cong-Tac

Xa-Hoi Mien Thiic/ng d a t t a i Hue de huan-luyen nhGng nghe sau

- T'lay quan ao

- Moc

Chu-triic'ng cue c h i n h - q u y e n diic'ng-thc/i t u y d i

ngiidc l a i n g u y e n - v o n g nhii b a i b o c a c chiictag-trinh d a y

nh\i iftfc-nguyen s a u n a m 1 9 6 3 co nhi5ng h a n g l o a t sija d o i t o

lc?n, nhiing nhiJng siia d o i n a y k h o n g m a n g l a i nhiJng h a u - q u a

thiic-te nh\i d o n g - b a o m o n g - m u o n ma c h i g a y ra nhu'ng s a i

l a m t o Idn hdn, nhi5ng s a i l a m co t h e v i nhiing ngiic'i s\Ja