Adjectives and adverbs Tính từ và trạng từ : 1.Adjectives tính từ : - Tính từ bổ nghĩa cho danh từ và đại từ.. tính từ tall bổ nghĩa cho đại từ he 2.. từ very bổ nghĩa cho tính từ
Trang 1ENGLISH 9
UNIT 06
THE ENVIRONMENT
I GETTING STARTED :
1 garbage dump : rác thải
2 spraying pesticides : : phun thuốc trừ sâu
3 air pollution : ô nhiễm môi trường
4 water pollution : ô nhiễm nước
5 deforestation : phá rừng
6 dynamite fishing : đánh cá bằng thuốc nổ
II LISTEN AND READ :
• Vocabulary :
- divide into : chia
- group ( n ) : nhóm
- plastic bag : túi nhựa
- fill ( v ) : làm đầy
- walk alone the shore : đi dọc bờ biển
- check ( v ) : kiểm tra
- sand ( n ) : cát
- rock ( n ) : đá tảng
- kindly ( adj ) : một cách tử tế
- provide ( v ) : cung cấp
- map ( n ) : bản đồ
- disappointed ( adj ) : thất vọng
- spoil ( v ) : phá hỏng , làm hủy
- however : tuy nhiên
- pollution ( n ) : sự ô nhiễm
- beach ( n ) : bãi biển
* Questions :
1 Who is the speaker ?
- ………
2 Who are the listeners ?
- ………
3 Where are they ?
- ………
4 What are they going to do ?
- ………
5 What will they achieve if they work hard today ?
- ………
6 Have you ever done anything similar ? If yes, what did you do ?Where did you do it ?
- ………
7 If the pollution continues, what might happen ?
- ………
III.SPEAK :
* Vocabulary :
- persuade ( v ) : thuyết phục
- protect ( v ) : bảo vệ
- banana leaves : vỏ chuối
- dissolve ( v ) : phá hủy
- save ( v ) : tiết kiệm
- reuse ( v ) : sử dụng lại
Trang 2- recycle ( v ) : tái chế
- bottle ( n ) : chai , lọ
- throw – threw – thrown ( v ) : vứt
- trash ( n ) : rác
- directly ( adv ) : một cách trực tiếp
- health ( n ) : sức khỏe
- energy ( n ) : năng lượng
- garbage bin : thùng rác
- schoolyard ( n ) : sân trường
- prevent someone from doing something : ngăn chặn ai từ việc gì
- public bus ( n phra ) : xe buýt công cộng
- motorbike ( n ) : xe mô tô
- advoid ( v ) : tránh
- traffic jams : ách tắc giao thông, nạn kẹt xe
- reduce ( v ) : làm giảm
- exhaust fume : khói bụi
- produce ( v ) : sản xuất
- environment ( n ) : môi trường
- pollute ( v ) : làm ô nhiễm
- difficult ( adj ) : khó khăn
- littering ( n ) : rác vứt bứa bãi , sự vứt rác bừa bãi
* GRAMMAR
I Suggestions :
- I think you should + V ( inf ) ………
- Won’t you + V ( inf ) ………?
- It would be better if you + V ( inf ) ………
- Why don’t you + V ( inf ) ………?
- Why not ……… ?
- What / How about V + ing ………?
II.Structures :
- S + be + adj + to inf
Ex : Plastics bags are very hard to dissolve
IV LISTEN :
* Vocabulary :
- pump…into : chảy trực tiếp vào…
- drop into : rơi xuống
- spill from : tràn từ
- waste material : chất thải nguyên liệu
- raw sewage : nước thải chưa qua xử lý
- leak ( v ) : rò rỉ
- vessel ( n ) : tàu
- result ( n ) : kết quả
Trang 3V READ :
* Vocabulary :
- go on ( v ) : tiếp tục
- junk-yard ( n ) : bãi chứa phế thải
- treasure ( n ) : kho báu
- be littered with : bị vứt bứa bãi với
- stream ( n ) : dòng suối
- cover with : phủ đầy với
- hedge ( n ) : hang rào , bờ dậu
- woods ( n ) : rừng
- folk ( n ) : con người
- silly idea : ý tưởng ngớ ngẩn
- rubbish ( n_) : rác rưởi
* Questions :
1.According to the mother , what will happen if the pollution goes on ?
- ………
………
2.Who does the mother think pollute the environment ? - ………
3 What will happen to the boy if he keeps on asking his mother such questions like that ? - ………
4 Do you think the boy’s question is silly ?Why or why not ? - ………
………
5 What does the peot want us to learn about keeping the environment unpolluted ? - ………
………
6 What could you do in your school / house to minimize pollution ? - ………
VI.WRITE : * Vocabulary : - complaint ( adj ) : phàn nàn - section ( n ) : phần - complication ( n ) : hoàn cảnh mắc míu - mention ( v ) : đề cập - resolution ( n ) : giải pháp - action ( n ) : hành động - politeness ( n) : sự lịch sự - clear up ( v ) : làm sạch - smell ( n ) : mùi hôi - fly ( n ) : con ruồi - look forward to + Ving : trông chờ…………
………
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Trang 4………
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GRAMMAR I Adjectives and adverbs ( Tính từ và trạng từ ) : 1.Adjectives ( tính từ ) : - Tính từ bổ nghĩa cho danh từ và đại từ Ex : He is a good teacher.( từ good bổ nghĩa cho danh từ teacher) He is tall ( tính từ tall bổ nghĩa cho đại từ he ) 2 Adverbs ( trạng từ ) : - Trạng từ bổ nghĩa cho bất cứ loại từ nào ngoại trừ danh từ và đại từ Ex : My teacher teaches well ( từ well bổ nghĩa cho động từ teaches ) She speaks English very well ( từ very bỗ nghĩa cho trạng từ well ) I couldn’t come simply because I was ill ( từ simple bổ nghĩa cho lien từ because ) It is a very interesting book ( từ very bổ nghĩa cho tính từ interesting ) II.Adverb clauses of reason (Mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ lý do ) - Mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ lý do bắt đầu bằng as hoặc because , since. EX : You weren’t there , I left a message - As you weren’t there , I left you a message I stayed at home because it was raining III Adjective + that clause ( tính từ + mệnh đề that ) - That clause được dùng với những tính từ chỉ cảm xúc hoặc sự chắc chắn Tính từ thường được theo sau bởi that clause gồm : * afraid ( sợ rằng ), angry ( giận ) , bad , certain ( chắc chắn ) , disappointed ( thất vọng ) , glad ( hài long ) , grateful ( biết ơn ) , happy , helpful , hopeful, important , lucky, pleased, possible ( có thể ) , sad , sorry , sure, thankful, true, wrong Ex : I am afraid that I can come tomorrow We are pleased that you passed I am sorry that he failed. IV Conditional sentences type 1 ( Câu điều kiện loại ) - Diễn tả một hành động có thể xảy ra ở hiện tại hoặc tương If clause ( Mệnh đề if ) Main clause ( Mệnh đề chình ) S + is / am / are ………
V / Ves / Vs ( kđ ) Don’t/ doesn’t + inf S + will/ shall ( not ) + V( inf )……
Ex : 1.If you work hard , you ( pass ) ……… the exam
2 If you can’t do it , I ( help ) ………you
3 If he ( not come ) ……… tomorrow , she ( be ) ………sad
4 The teacher ( be ) ……….angry if you ( not do ) ………your homework
Trang 5
EXERCISES
I Combine these pairs of sentences Use connectives “because , as or since” :
1.Thu stayed at home She had a bad cold
- ………
2 My father went to his office late There was an accident that caused a traffic jam
- ………
3 The weather was so bad We had to cancel our trip
- ………
4 You can not drink water from that well It is impure
- ………
5 Some rare animals were killed Some body burned the forest
- ………
6 The Dong Nai river is polluted Many factories let their waste chemicals run directly into the river
- ………
7 People need to purify the water in the river It is so dirty and polluted
- ………
8 They came to the bus stop late They missed the school bus
- ………
9 His father drank a lot of wine at the party He got drunk and couldn’t drive home
- ………
10 The students in grade 9 supported Sai Gon Team All the players in that team are their favorite footballers
- ……… ………
11 We don’t travel by bus much We aren’t getting used to using public means of transportation
- ………
12 We though that there was a fire somewhere We saw a lot of black smoke rising up into the sky
- ………
………
13 ]We turned all the light on It got so dark inside the house
- ………
14 Vung Tau beach was full of the pollutants from the oil mine far away The local authorities had to ask their people for help to clear the beach
- ……… ………
15 He went home late yesterday He had to finish his report
- ………
16 His long report on protecting wild animals made a deep impression on the audience.He spent a lot of time investigating that problem and told them what happened and how to solve it
- ……… ………
17 My children couldn’t take part in the trip to Da Lat
- ………
18 The students felt quite sorry.They missed the lecture on protecting our environment
- ………
19 Some parts of Sai Gon river were polluted by oil There was a ship accident last week
- ………
20 The local authorities encourage the citizens to plan more trees in the city Trees can give shadows and purity the polluted air
- ……… ………
Trang 6CONDITIONAL SENTENCES
A.Điều Kiện 1: có thể xảy ra ở hiện tại hoặc tương lai
If + S + am/ is /are ( not ) , S + Will / Shall / can ( not ) + V1
V/ Vs/ Ves ( kd )
don’t / Doesn’t + V1
Ex: If He has free times, He will help me
B.Điều kiện 2: không có thật ở hiện tại
If + S + V (quá khứ đơn) , S + would / could / should( not ) + V 1
Were / weren’t Ved / V2 ( kd ) Didn’t + V1 C.Điều kịện 3 : khơng thể xảy ra trong quá khứ :
If + S + HAD + P.P ( v3 / Ved ) , S + WOULD ( not ) HAVE + P.P ( V3/ Ved )
I. Use the correct form of the verbs using CONDITION SENTENCE TYPE 1
1 If the train (be) ……… late, we will walk
2 She will call if she (have) ……… time
3 If it cost too much, I (buy) ……… A smaller one
4 If the class (be) ……… full, we will find another one
5 What will we do if the taxi (not come) ……… ?
6 Will you phone me if there (be) ……… any problem?
7 I (ask)……… Peter if I see himm tomorrow
8 I will go next week if I (get) ……… a train ticket
9 It I have enough apples, I (bake) ……… an apple pie this afternoon
10 I will fix your bicycle if I (have) ……… a screwdriver of the proper size
II. Use the correct form of the verbs using CONDITION SENTENCE TYPE 2
1 If you drove more carefully, you (not, have) ……… so many accidents
2 If he (get) ……… up earlier, he would get to work on time
3 If we (have) ………… more time, I would tell you more about it
4 If you (sell) ………… More products, you would earn more money
5 I could help you if you (trust) ……… me more
6 Where would you like to live if you (not live) ……… in Paris?
7 What (you, do) ……… if you won a million dollars?
8 Would you mind if I (not give) ……… you the money?
9 If I spoke English, my job (be) ……… easier
10 If I (be) ……… you, I wouldn’t worry about going to the university
III. Use the correct form of the verbs using CONDITION SENTENCE TYPE 2
1 If you had phoned me last night, I (wait) ……… for you
2 If he (meet) ……… you yesterday, he would have invited you to his party
3 If I (not go) ……… Out last night, I would have met him
4 If Tom had been here yesterday, he (be) ……… able to advise us
5 If he (go) ……… To London yesterday, he would have met his old friend
6 If I (had had to go to hospital, I would have given you some
Trang 77 If I (have) ……… any moneyI would have given you some.
8 I wouldn’t have minded having children if I (live) ……… in the country
9 His car (be) ……… a lot safer if he had bought some new tyres
10 The children would have been better swimmer if they (go) ……… swimming more
frequently
11 If the weather stays good next weekend , we ( probably / go ) ……… away
somewhere
12 Come on ! If we ( hurry ) ……… , we ( catch ) ……… the bus
13 There ( be ) ……… Big floods every year if the cutting down of trees continuous
14 If there ( be ) ……… Too much litter on streets, the environment will become
polluted
15 If the sea level ( rise ) ……… , there will be floods in many parts of the world
16 They will be late for their meeting if they ( not leave ) ……… now
17 If you aren’t careful , you ( drop ) ……… the plates
18 If anyone ( phone ) ……… me , tell them I ‘m out
19 If he (not use ) ……… much pesticide on vegetables , they will become edible
20 If crops ( not spray ) ………with pesticide , they will be destroyed
IV Use the correct verb form of the verb in brackets
1 Cat could fly if they (have) ……… wings
2 If Peter (study) ……… harder, he would get better marks
3 You will be late for class if you (not hurry) ………
4 Mary would not have got wet if she (wear) ……….a raincoat
5 If today (be) ……… A holiday, I would stay in bed for all day long
6 If she (make) ……… him change his mind, she would save him a lot of trouble
7 Your parents (be) ……….a lot happier if you (phone) ……… them earlier
8 If I (have) ……… to, I will complain to the manager
9 If I (be) ……… a bird, I would not want to live in a cage
10 If I have enough apples, I (bake) ……… an apple pie this afternoon
11 I (make) ……… A tomato salad for the picnic tomorrow if the tomatoes in my garden are ripe
12 Jack will shave todayif he (have) ……… A sharp razor
13 Sally always answer the phone if she (be) ……… in her office
14 If I (have) ……… enough money, I will go with you
15 If the weather is nice tomorrow, we (go) ……… To the zoo
16 If Sally (be) ……… at home tomorrow, I’m going to visit her
17 If you (be) ……… Lazy, you will fail the exam
18 If you don’t have breakfast, you (get) ……… hungry
19 I (buy) ……… shares in that company if I had some money
20 If he (clean) ……… His windscreen he’d have been able to see where he was going
21 If you drove your car into the river, (you, be) ……… able to get out?
22 If you (not belong) ……… To a union you couldn’t get a job
23 If I (win) ……… a big prize in a lottery I’d give up my job
24 What you (do) ……… if you found a burglar in your house?
25 If I (be) ……… you, I (apply) ……… for that job
26 If we (forgive) ……… You if you (tell) ……… my mother that secret last week
27 If we (live) ……… In the seaside, we (go) ……… Swimming everyday
28 If they (arrive) ……… at the airport earlier, they (not miss) ……… the plane
29 If tonight (be) ……… Saturday night, I (go out) ………with my friends
30 We (go) ……… on a picnic if it (not snow) ……… heavily last Sunday
31 If the police (be) ……… Present here now, those boys (stop) ……… fughting
32 The score of yesterday’s match (not be) ……… so bad if Tony (not be) ……… sent out of the field
Trang 833 He (live) ……… a happier life if he (have) ……… Some parental love He is
unlucky
34 I (buy) ………the coat if I (be) ……… you
35 If our teacher (be) ……… here now , he (tell) ……… us how to solve that
problem
36 They (get) ……… better marks if they (study) ……… harder every day
37 He (meet) ……… his old friend if he (go) ……… To London yesterday
38 If we (know) ……… who he was, we (invite) ……… him to speak at our meeting
39 If the weather (be) ……… nice today, we (go) ……… to the zoo
40 Why didn’t you attend the meeting?
– Oh I did not know indeed If I (knoW) ………… I (come) ……… there
1 Study harder and you will succeed
- ………
2 Keep silent and we’ll understand
- ………
3 Do exercise regulaly and you’ll be fit
- ………
4 Go out or I’ll call the police
- ………
5 Stay away from me or I’ll shout
- ………
6 Hold together and we’ll be safe and sound
- ………
7 Practice frequently and you’ll become an expert
- ………
8 Tell lies again and you’ll be punished
- ………
9 Stop talking or I’ll send you out of the classroom
- ………
10 Be polite or you’ll be sacked
- ………
11 Do your homework or you’ll get a zero
- ………
12 Help the poor and you’ll feel happier
- ………
13 Buy her a bunch of flowers and she’ll forgive you
- ………
14 Tell me the truth and I can help you
15 Learn the rules by heart and you’ll be able to do the exercise
- ………
16 You carry this suitcase and I’ll carry that one
- ………
17 She doesn’t hungry She may be late
- ………
18 She will visit me next week We’ll have a talk then
- ………
19 I think it will rain tomorrow We’ll have to stay indoors
- ………
20 You do the washing up I’ll do the cleaning
- ………
VI Change the following sentences into Unless and vice versa.
1 If you don’t tell me the truth, I cannot help you
Trang 92 Unless she tells me the truth, I won’t forgive her
3 They will not be successful if they don’t try more
4 They will get angry if she doesn’t come on time
5 He will be very sad unless she phones him
6 Unless Mary gives us a hand, we won’t do this
7 If our parents don’t support us, we’ll be starved
8 The result will be very bad if the teacher doesn’t help us
9 Mary will feel disappointed unless she gets more than 8 marks
10 If he cen’t speak English, we cannot offer him the job
11 There will be a shortage of water unless it rains
1 His father often punishes him because he is lazy
2 She is too old so she cannot go hiking
3 The car is very expensive and he doesn’t have enough money to buy it
4 They don’t go for a picnic because the weather is bad
5 I shan’t buy a dictionary; I don’t have enoughmoney
6 I’m busy tonight, so I can’t come and have dinner with you
7 It rained heavily; that’s why I can’t go to school
8 You got into so much trouble because you didn’t listen to me
9 There are so many bugs in the room because there isn’t screen on the window
10 He is busy right now, so he can’t help them
11 I can’t make all of my own meals because I am not good at cooking
12 I’m not youso I can’t tell him the truth
13 She came, so he wasn’t disappointed
14 They don’t behavethemselves so their parents are not happy about that
15 She didn’t say sorry so he was angry
16 I am not arich businessman and I can’t affort to buy an expensive car
17 It rained last night so I didn’t go to the barbecue
18 My parents do not allow me to go, so I hev to saty at home
19 She doesn’t pay attention to her cooking so the food is horrible
20 The weather was very nice so we didn’t go camping
21 the computer broke down and I had to stop my work
22 She loves him so she forgives him easily
23 He was angry so I didn’t say anything
II Use the correct form of the verbs using CONDITION SENTENCE TYPE 1
11 If the train (be) ……… late, we will walk
12 She will call if she (have) ……… time
13 If it cost too much, I (buy) ……… A smaller one
14 If the class (be) ……… full, we will find another one
15 What will we do if the taxi (not come) ……… ?
16 Will you phone me if there (be) ……… any problem?
17 I (ask)……… Peter if I see him tomorrow
18 I will go next week if I (get) ……… a train ticket
19 It I have enough apples, I (bake) ……… an apple pie this afternoon
20 I will fix your bicycle if I (have) ……… a screwdriver of the proper size
21 If the weather stays good next weekend , we ( probably / go ) ……… away
somewhere
22 Come on ! If we ( hurry ) ……… , we ( catch ) ……… the bus
23 There ( be ) ……… Big floods every year if the cutting down of trees continuous
Trang 1024 If there ( be ) ……… Too much litter on streets, the environment will become polluted
25 If the sea level ( rise ) ……… , there will be floods in many parts of the world
26 They will be late for their meeting if they ( not leave ) ……… now
27 If you aren’t careful , you ( drop ) ……… the plates
28 If anyone ( phone ) ……… me , tell them I ‘m out
29 If he (not use ) ……… much pesticide on vegetables , they will become edible
30 If crops ( not spray ) ………with pesticide , they will be destroyed
CONDITIONAL SENTENCES
I.PUT CORRECT FORMS OF THE VERBS :
1.If you ( find ) ………a wallet in the street , what would you do with
it ?
2.I ( help ) ……… you if I could, but I ‘m afraid I can’t
3.Should I see him later,I ( give ) ………him your message
4.Were I your age ,I ( do ) ……… differently
5.I must hurry , My friend ( be ) ………annoyes if I ( not be ) …… on
time
6.If I were you ,I ( not wait ) ………I ( go ) ……… now
7.If the phone ( ring ) ………., can you answer it ?
8.I think there are too many cars.If there( not be ) ………so many cars, there
( not be ) ……….so much pollution
9.I am not an astronaut.If I ( be ) ………an astronaut, I ( take )
………my camera with
me on the rocket ship next month
10.What shall we do tomorrow ? – Well , lf it (be ) ……… a nice day,we ( go )
……… to the beach
11.Let’s go to the beach No ,it is too cold.If it ( be ) ……….warmer, I ( not mind )
……… going to the beach
12.The teacher was absent today , so class ( cancel ) ……… tomorrow , too
13.If there ( not be ) ……….gravity , the moon ( shoot )
……….into space instead of traveling around the earth
14………people ( be ) ………able to fly if they ( have )
……… feathers instead of hair ?
15.If I ( have ) ………wings , I ( not have ) …….ake aiplane to fly home
16.We’ll have to go without Tom if he ( not arrive ) ………… soon
17.They ( not refund ) ……… your money if you haven’t kept your
receipt
18.You’d have a lot of friends if you ( not be ) ……….so unfriendly
19.How ……… you ( feel ) ……… if you were in my position ?
20.I ( visit ) ………you sooner if someone had told me you were in
the hospital
21.They would be upset if I ( tell ) ……….them what happened
22.If Jake ( not agree ) ………to go on the trip , would you have
gone ?
23.If you ( not complain ) ……… so much , you might be
more popular
24.If I ( not revise ) ………thoroughly , I may fail my test
25……… you ( work ) ……….harder if you were better paid ?
26.If someone ( enter ) ………the building , the alarm ( go )
……….off