Note :* be going to +V dùng để diễn tả 1 hành động sắp xảy ra mà hiện tượng của nó đã xuất hiện hoặc 1 hành động tương lai có dự định trước.. Usage Cỏch dựng : * Diễn tả một hành động
Trang 1Tai lieu on thi tot nghiep PTTH- vu ngoc hoi
GRAMMAR I/ Tenses
1 The Simple Present (Thì hiện tại đơn)
a Form : ( Công thức )
(+) I , We , You , They + V; He , She , It ( S ít ) + V-s/es
(-) I , We , You , They + don't + V ; He , She , It + doesn't + V
(?) Do + We , You , They + V ?; Does + He , She , It + V?
Wh + do/does + S + V?
b Usage (Cách dùng ) :
- Diễn tả một chân lí, một sự thật hiển nhiên
Ex : - The Earth goes round the sun
- He is a doctor
- Tom comes from England
- Diễn tả 1 thói quen hoặc 1 việc xảy ra thường xuyên ở hiện tại
Ex : He often goes to class late / My mother gets up early every morning
c Key words: always, often, usually, sometimes, now and then, seldom, rarely, never, every
* Note : Thêm – es vào sau những động từ tận cùng : o , s , x ,z ,sh , ch.
2 The Present Continuous (Thì hiện tại tiếp diễn)
a Form : (+) S + am / is / are + V-ing
(-) S + am / is / are ( not ) + V-ing
(?) Are / Is + S + V-ing? ; Wh + are / is + S + V-ing?
Ex: We are studying English now
b Usage ( Cách dùng) : Past Now Future
- Diễn tả một hành động đang diễn ra ở thời điểm nói ( ở hiện tại)
c Key words: now , right now = at once , at ( the / this / present ) time, at the moment, Ra lệnh
( Look ! Listen ! ) Ex : - She is listening to his teacher now
- Diễn tả 1 hành động sẽ xảy ra ở tương lai ( có kế hoạch từ trước)
X Past Now Future
Ex : She is getting married next year.
Note :* be going to +V dùng để diễn tả 1 hành động sắp xảy ra mà hiện tượng của nó đã xuất
hiện hoặc 1 hành động tương lai có dự định trước
Ex
: The grey dark appears It is going to rain
3 The Present Perfect (Thì hiện tại hòan thành)
a Form : (+) S + has / have + PII (I, You, We, They + have; He, She, It + has)
Trang 2(-) S + has / have ( not ) + PII
(?) Has / Have + S + PII?; Wh + has / have + S + PII?
b Usage (Cỏch dựng ) :
* Diễn tả một hành động vừa mới xảy ra hoặc xảy ra khụng rừ thời gian (thường đi kốm với cỏc từ
just, recently = lately, not yet, ever, never, aleady )
Ex : We haven’t finished our homework yet
* Diễn tả 1 hành động bắt đầu từ quỏ khứ kộo dài đến hiện tại cú khả năng tiếp tục ở tương lai (thường
đi với cỏc từ since , for)
Ex : - They have lived here for ten years
c Key words: so far = until now = up to now , how long ? It is the first / second / third … time, twice / many / three… times; just , recently = lately, not yet, ever, never, aleady, since , for; for a long times = for ages
4 The Present Perfect Continuous (Hiện tại hoàn thành tiếp diễn)
a Form : (+) S + has / have + been + V-ing.
(-) S + has / have not + been + V-ing.
(?) Has/ Have + S + been + V-ing? ; Wh + has/ have + S + been + V-ing?
b Usage: Dùng để diễn tả hành động bắt đầu từ quá khứ kéo dài liên tục tới hiện tại (cách
dùng này nhấn mạnh tính liên tục của hành động)
Past Future
Ex: - I have been waiting for two hours, but she has not come yet.
- He has been living here since 1975
- We have been working in the garden all morning
+ The Present Perfect Continuous: còn đợc dùng với nhng động từ nh: lie, wait, sit, stand, rest, sleep …
- They have been learning English since 1995
- The chair has been lying in the store window for ages
5 The Simple Past (Thỡ quỏ khứ đơn )
a Form : (+) S + Ved … ( to be : was / were )
(-) S + did not + V (?) Did + S + V? ; Wh + did + S + V?
b Usage : Diễn tả hành động đó xảy ra, chấm dứt trong quỏ khứ ( đụi khi biết rừ thời gian )
X
Past Now Future
Ex; I went to the zoo last week.
What did you do yesterday morning?
c Key words: yesterday , ago , last ( week /night … ) , in 1990 ( thời gian ở quỏ khứ )
Trang 36 The Past Continuous (Thỡ quỏ khứ tiếp diễn )
a Form : (+) S + was / were + V-ing.
(-) S + was / were (not) + V-ing
(?) Was/ Were + S + V-ing?; Wh + was/ were + S + V-ing?
Ex: We were studying Maths at this time yesterday.
b Usage :
- Diễn tả một hành động đang xảy ra vào 1 thời điểm xỏc định trong quỏ khứ
X
Past Now Future
Ex : - What were you doing at 4 p.m yesterday?
- Diễn tả 1 hành động đang xảy ra vào 1 thời điểm xỏc định ở quỏ khứ hoặc 1 hành động đang xảy ra ( hành động này kộo dài hơn ) thỡ cú hành động khỏc xen vào
Ex: - What were you doing at 4 p.m yesterday?
- We were watching television when he came
- Diễn tả 2 hành động đang xảy ra cựng lỳc ở quỏ khứ
Past Now Future
Ex: Yesterday , while I was reading a book , my sister was watching T.V
c Key words: at ( the / this / that ) time, at the moment, at 4p.m + thời gian ở quỏ khứ ( yesterday, last )
Ex : He was watching film at the moment yesterday.
7 The Past perfect (Thỡ quỏ khứ hũan thành )
a Form : (+) S + had (not) + PII
(-) S + had (not) + PII
(?) Had + S + PII?; Wh + had + S + PII?
b Usage : Diễn tả một hành động xảy ra trước 1 hành động khỏc trong quỏ khứ hoặc trước 1
thời điểm ở quỏ khứ
x x
Past Now Future
Ex : When I got up this morning , my mother had already left
c Key words: before , after; when, as; as soon as
8 The Past perfect continuous (Thỡ quỏ khứ hũan thành tiếp diễn )
a Form : (+) S + had + been + V-ing
(-) S + had not + been + V-ing
(?) Had + S + been + V-ing?; Wh + had + S + been + V-ing?
b Usage : Dùng để nhấn mạnh tính liên tục của hành động trớc khi một hành động quá khứ
đơn khac xảy ra
Trang 4x
Past Now Future
Ex: - She had been studying English before she came here for classes.
(Hành động had been studying xảy ra liờn tục cho tới khi hành động came for classes xảy ra).
- It had been raining when I got up this morning
9 The simple future : (Thỡ tương lai đơn )
a Form : (+) S + shall / will + V
(-) S + shall / will + not + V
(?) Will/ Shall + S + V?; Wh + will/ shall + S + V?; (I, We + shall)
b Usage : Diễn tả hành động sẽ xảy ra ở tương lai :
x
Past Now Future
Ex: We shall visit Ha Long Bay next week.
Minh will buy a new car in 2015
c Key words: tomorrow , next ( week / month ) … , in 2012
* Be going to: dùng dể diễn tả một dự định đã đợc sắp xếp từ trớc, sự chắc chắn sảy ra trong tơng lai
10 The Future Perfect: ( Tương lai hũan thành )
a Form (+) S + will/ shall + have + PII.
(-) S + will/ shall not + have + PII.
b Usage : Diễn tả hành động sẽ hoàn thành trớc một hành động khác hoặc một thời điểm
trong tơng lai
x x
Past Now Future
Ex : By the end of this year, I will have had a new bike.
c Key words: By the end of …., by next
Note : Sau when , while , before , after , until, by the time, as , as soon as, if ……… khụng dựng thỡ tương lai mà chỉ dựng thỡ hiện tại đơn, hi ện tại hoàn thành
Ex : She will phone her parents when she comes here next week.
EXERCISES:
I Put the verbs in brackets into the correct tense.
1 She (not/ work)………., she (swim) ……….in the river
2 Why Ann (not/ wear) ……… her new dress?
3 You can't see Tom now: he (have) ……… a bath
Trang 54 He usually (drink) ……… coffee but today he (drink) ……… tea.
5 – What she (do) ………… in the evenings?
– She usually (play) ……… cards or (watch)… ……… TV
6 She (stand) … at the bus stop I asked her what bus she (wait) … … for
7 When I arrived , the lecture had already started and the professor (write) ………… … on the overhead projector
8 I didn't want to meet Paul , so when he entered the room I (leave) ………
9 He (watch) ……… TV when the phone rang Very unwillingly he (turn) ………… down the sound and (go) ……… to answer it
10 – This is my house
– How long you (live)……… here?
– I (live) ………here since 1970
11 He (live) …… in London for two years and then (go) … to Edinburgh
12 I (not / see) ……… him for three years I wonder where he is
13 I can't go out because I (not / finish) ……… my work
14 Here are your shoes; I just (clean) ……… them
15 - You (have) …… breakfast yet? – Yes, I (have) ……… it at 8.00
16 – You (be) ……… here before?
– Yes, I (spend) ……… my holidays here last year
– You (have) ……… a good time?
– No, it never (stop) ……… raining
17 – Where you (go) …… for your holidays this year? – I (go)… to Holland
18 They (get) ……… married next week
19 – You (do) … anything tonight? – Yes, I (go) … to my carpentry class
20 It (rain)……… Look at those clouds
21 You (have) ……… time to help me tomorrow?
22 – Did you remember to book seats? – Oh no, I forgot I (telephone) ……… for them now
23 – He has just been taken to hospital with a broken leg
– I'm sorry to hear that I (send) ……… him some grapes
24 I've hired a typewriter and I (learn) ……… to type
25 I see that you have got a loom You (do) ………… some weaving?
II Multiple choices
1 She Hanoi last year
A went B go C goes D is going
2 Now you from New York to Los Angeles in a matter of hours
A are flying B would fly C will fly D can fly
3 When Carol last night, I my favorite show on television
A was calling- watched B called- have watched C called- was watching D had called- watched
4 By the time next summer, you your studies
A completes B will complete C are completing D will have completed
5 Right now, Jim the newspaper and Kathy dinner
Trang 6A reads- has cooked B is reading- is cooking C has read- was cooking D read- will be cooking
6 Last night at this time, they the same thing She and he the newspaper
A are doing- is cooking- is reading B were doing- was cooking- was reading
C was doing- has cooked- is reading D had done- was cooking- read
7 – Hurry up! We’re waiting for you What’s taking you so long? – I ……… for an important
phone call Go ahead and leave without me
A wait B will wait C am waiting D have waited
8 – Robert is going to be famous someday He ……… in three movies already
– I’m sure he’ll be a star
A has been appearing B has appeared C had appeared D appeared
9 – Hello? Alice? This is Jeff How are you?
– Jeff? What a coincidence! I ………… about you when the phone rang
A was just thinking B just thought C have just been thinking D was just thought
10 – What …… about the new simplified tax law? – It’s more confusing than the old one.
A are you thinking B do you think C have you thought D have you been thinking
11 – Why did you buy all this sugar and chocolate?
– I ……… a delicious dessert for dinner tonight
A make B will make C am going to make D will have made
12 – Let’s go! What’s taking you so long? – I’ll be there as soon as I …… my keys.
13 While I ……… TV last night, a mouse ran across the floor.
A watch B watched C was watching D am watching
14 The earth ……… on the sun for its heat and light.
A is depend B depending C has depend D depends
15 I don’t feel good I ……… home from work tomorrow.
A am staying B stay C will have stayed D stayed
16 I’ve been in this city for a long time I ……… here sixteen years ago.
17 – May I speak to Dr Paine, please?
– I’m sorry, he ………… a patient at the moment Can I help you?
A is seeing B sees C has been seeing D was seeing
18 – Paul, could you please turn off the stove? The potatoes …… for at least 30 minutes.
A are boiling B have been boiling C boiling D were boiling
19 My family loves this house It ………… ….the family home ever since my grandfather built it
60 years ago
20 I know you feel bad now, Tommy, but try to put it out of your mind By the time you’re an adult,
you ……… all about it
A forget B will have forgotten C will forget D forgot
21 The little girl started to cry She …… … her doll, and no one was able to find it for her.
22 I much of you lately We three months ago
A haven’t seen- last meet B didn’t see- met C haven’t seen- have meet D didn’t see- have met
23 The Chinese spaghetti dishes for a long time before Marco Polo back to Italy.
A made- brought B have made- brought C made- had brought D had been making- brought
24 When I arrived at the meeting the first speaker speaking and the audience
A just finished- were clapping B had just finished- had clapped
C had just finished- were clapping D just finished- had clapped
25 He his job last month and then he out of work
A lost- was B was lost- had been C has lost- was D lost- has been
26 Jane’s eyes burned and her shoulders ached She ……… at the computer for five straight
hours Finally, she took a break
A is sitting B has been sitting C was sitting D had been sitting
27 In the last hundred years, travelling much easier and more comfortable
A become B has become C became D will became
28 In the 19th century, it two or three months to across North America by covered wagon
A took B had taken C had been taken D was taking
Trang 729 Sam to change a light bulb when he and
A was trying – slipped - fell B tried- was slipping - falling
C had been trying - slipped - was falling D has tried – slips - falls
30 In the past, the trip very rough and often dangerous, but things a great deal in the
last hundred and fifty years
A was - have changed B is- change C had been- will change D has been- changed
II/ Sequence of tenses in adverbial clauses of time.
Ex: a He waited for her until she came back.
b I will wait until you come back
In (a) both verbs are in the simple past tense
In (b) the verb in the main clause is in the simple future tense, and the verb in the adverbial clause
of time is in the simple present tense
Present simple Present simple / present continuous/ present perfect
Future simple/ be going to Present perfect/ Simple present
Past simple Past simple/ past continuous/ past perfect
1 Sequence with the simple present in the main clause.
- We always take umbrellas with us when it rains.
- I usually read the newspaper while I am waiting for the bus
- He never drinks tea after he has eaten dinner.
2 Sequence with the future tenses in the main clause.
- She is going to stay here till he has finished his work.
- I will go out with you as soon as I have finished my work.
- We will go out when you finish your work.
- We’ll have already done all the housework when my father comes back.
3 Sequence with the past tenses in the main clause.
- I sat near the window whenver I took a bus
- They were playing chess when I came back.
- I saw Mary while I was walking down the street.
- My mother was watching T.V while my father was drawing.
- He left after/ when/ as soon as he had finished his work.
- The film had already started when I arrived the cinema.
- I have felt much better since I have lived here.
- She has worked for this company since she graduated from university.
Trang 8* Notes:
a There are no future tenses in the adverbial clauses of time.
b The adverbial clauses of time are introduced by the following conjunctions: when, whenever, by the time, before, after, since, as, as soon as, while, till, until, just as, no sooner than,
hardly when, as long as.
EXERCISES:
I Put the verbs in brackets into the correct tense.
1 – How long do you want me to heat the oil?
- Heat it till it (begin)………to smoke
2 – How long are you going to stay here?
- I’m going to stay here until my brother (finish)……… his exam
3 – When will you start the trip?
- We’ll leave as soon as we (get)……… our ticket
4 – I’m learning French
- Well, when you (speak)……….French fluently, you may find a good job
5 By the time you (read)……… this book, your meal will get cold
6 – Are you taking English courses?
- Yes, and my teacher says that when I (take)……… five courses, I shall be able to speak it quite fluently
7 – Is your father at home?
- No, he is away on business If you have a message for him, I (give)……….it to him as soon as he (come) ………back home
8 – Please tell me how to get to the post office
- Go till you (come)………to a square with a statue in the midle; then turn left and you (find)……….it on the right
9 - What did he say before he left for Paris?
- He said he would give me a ring as soon as he (reach) ……… Paris
10 - I thought you were going to the concert
- I was But when I got there, the tickets (be)………sold out So, I (have)…………
to go back home to watch T.V
II/ Choose the best answer
1 Last night I went to bed after I _my homework
2 To night I will go to bed after I my homework
A will finish B finish C will have finished D have finished
3 Ever since I was a child, I _afraid of dogs
4 Jacquie's contact lens popped out while she _basket ball
Trang 95 Be sure to reread your composition for errors before you _ it in to the teacher tomorrow
A hand B are going to hand C handed D will hand
6 By the time I left my apartment this morning, the mail carrier _the mail
7 I have know my best friend since she ten years old
8.A black cat ran across the road as I my car to work this morning
9 By the time I leave this city, I here for four months
10 Whenever Mark _ angry, his nose gets red
11 I to the beach whenever the weather was nice, but now I don't have time to do that because I have to study
12 We will have a big party when we good results
13 Next month, when I to Hawaii, I'm going to visit Mauna Loa, the world's largest volcano
14 I could read newspaper before I grade 1