Tiếng Anh căn bản 10

Diễn đạt hành động sẽ xảy ra ở tương lai mang tính hiển nhiên.. Diễn đạt hành động sẽ thực hiện ở tương lai nhưng vừa mới được quyết định tức thì, khơng cĩ kế hoạch hay dự định trước.. D

Chapter 1: Verb Tenses

The Simple

Present

(Thì hiện tại đơn )

* Đới với VERB TO BE

- Aff: S + am, is, are

- Inter: Am,is, are S ?

- Neg: S+ am,is, areNOT

* Đới với VERB thường

- Aff: S + Vo / Vs,es

- Inter: Do/ Does S + Vo

- Neg: S + don’t / doesn’t Vo

* Notes: Ngơi sớ ít HE, SHE, IT

thêm – es vào sau những động từ

tận cùng : o , s , x ,z ,sh , ch.

1 Chân lý, quy luật, thĩi quen hiện tại, việc thường xuyên xảy ra

2 Dùng trong mệnh đề

if câu điều kiện loại 1

3 Diễn đạt giờ tàu xe chạy, cửa hàng đĩng

mở, lịch làm việc

- always, often

= usually, sometimes = now and then, seldom , rarely never

- every day, week, month, year

- once / twice / three times + a/every (day/week…)

The Simple past

tense

(Thì quá khứ đơn)

* Đới với TO BE

- Aff: S + was/ were

- Inter: Was/ were S ?

- Neg: S + wasn’t/ weren’t

* Đới với Verb thường:

- Aff: S + V2/ ed

- Inter: Did + S + Vo ?

- Neg: S + didn’t Vo

Diễn đạt hành động đã xảy ra và kết thúc ở quá khứ, khơng cịn liên quan đến hiện tại

- Last (night/ week/ time/ Sunday/

year/month…)

- yesterday

- khoảng thời gian + ago

- the other day; one day

- in + năm

- from to

The simple future

(Thì tương lai đơn)

- Aff: S + will Vo

- Inter: Will + S + Vo ?

- Neg: S + won’t Vo

1 Diễn đạt hành động

sẽ xảy ra ở tương lai mang tính hiển nhiên

2 Diễn đạt hành động

sẽ thực hiện ở tương lai nhưng vừa mới được quyết định tức thì, khơng cĩ kế hoạch hay dự định trước

- next (year, week, month, Sunday…)

- tomorrow

- one day

- in + (năm ở tương lai)

- in + khoảng thời gian

- khoảng thời gian + from now

The present

continuous tense

(Thì hiện tại tiếp

diễn)

- Aff: S + am, is, are + VING

- Inter: Am, is, are S + VINg

- Neg: S + am, is, are NOT + Ving

1 Diễn đạt hành động đang xảy ra (cĩ tính liên tục và kéo dài) tại thời điểm đang nĩi

2 Diễn đạt hành động

ở thời điểm hiện tại mang tính tạm thời, cịn thay đổi

3 Diễn đạt sự sắp xếp,

kế hoạch tương lai

- now, right now

- at the moment

- at this time

The past continuous - Aff: S + was, were Ving Diễn đạt hành động - at + (time) +

(Thì quá khứ tiếp

diễn)

- Inter: Was, were S + ving

- Neg: S + was, were not +Ving

điểm xác định rõ trong quá khứ

The Present perfect

tense

(Thì hiện tại hoàn

thành)

- Aff: S + have, has + V3/ed

- Inter: Have, has + S + V3/ed -Neg: S + have, has not + V3/ed

1 Hành động khởi đầu ở quá khứ nhưng còn tiếp tục cho đến hiện tại

2 Hành động vừa kết thúc chưa lâu

4 Hành động đã xảy ra trong quá khứ nhưng chưa rõ thời gian.

- since, for, how long

- just, recently, lately

- once, twice, three times, several times

- so far = up to now

- already, yet/ not

… yet ever before, never…before

Exercises:

Dạng bài tập cơ bản

I Chia động từ trong ngoặc ở thì quá khứ đơn.

1 He ……….…(live) in London last year

2 He ……… (live) in London from 1980 to 1985

3 They ……… (sell) their house several days ago

4 When……….…you ………….… (see) her ?

5 ……… he come to see you last night ? Yes he came

6 She ……….…… (met) me in the street last Sunday

7 I ……… ….(wait) for the telephone call all this morning

8 I……… …… (study) music when I was at school

9 They ……… (sell) their house last year

10 They ……….…(walk) to the corner two days ago

11 Professor T ……….…(teach) another class last year

12 We ……….….(spend) two weeks in Japan in 2000

II Chia động từ trong ngoặc ở thì quá khứ đơn và quá khứ hòan thành

1 When we arrived , the dinner ……….…….(already begin)

2 She ………… …… (cry) after he ………… ……….(go)

3 When I ………… ….(get) to the theatre , the play …….… ….(already start)

4 We ……….……….(just turn off) the lights when we heard someone at the door

5 Everyone ……… (eat) dinner by the time we ………(get) to the dining-room

6 He ………(do) nothing before he saw me

7 He thanked me for what I ……… (do)

8 He ……… (die) after he ……… (be) ill a long time

III Chia động từ trong ngoặc ở thì hiện tại hòan thành.

1 She ……… … (wait) for two hours to see you

2 She ……… (be) to America

3 John ……… … (see) that film several times

4 They ……… ……(live) in this street for a long time

5 She ……….…… (not speak) to me since last week

6 We ……… (study) every lesson in the book, so far

7 I ……….(have) three colds this winter

8 Up to now, John ……….(work) very hard

Dạng bài tập nâng cao.

I Put the verbs in brackets in the present simple or the present continuous tense

1 The students (look) _ up that new word now

2 She (go) to school every day

3 We (do) this exercise at the moment

4 Miss Helen (read) _ a newspaper now

5 It (rain) very much in the summer It (rain) _ now

6 Bad students never (work) hard

7 He generally (sing) in English, but today he (sing) in Spanish

8 We seldom (eat) before 6.30

9 Be quiet The baby (sleep)

10 Look A man (run) _ after the train He (want) _ to catch it

11 Tom (like) to go to the museums

12 My mother (cook) _ some food in the kitchen at present She always (cook) in the mornings

13 I (see) _ you (wear) _ your best clothes

14 My friend (study) English for an hour every night

15 I (do) an exercise on the present tense at the moment and I (think) that I (know) how to use it now

II Put the verbs in brackets in the present perfect or the simple past tense.

1.We (never watch) that TV programme

2 We (wacth) a good programme on TV last night

3 He (read) that novel many times before

4 However, I (have) no trouble with my car since then

5 I (not see) John for a long time I (see) him 3 weeks ago

6 He is very thirsty He (not drink) since this morning

7 They (begin) to study at this school 7 years ago

8 Since when (you know) _ her ?

9 How long ago (he start) to learn French ?

10 My mother (be) in hospital for a long time and she cannot go home yet

11 His dog (just run) out of the garden

III Put the verbs in brackets in the past simple or the past continuous tense.

1/ He (sit) in a bar when I (see) him

2/ When I (go) out, the sun (shine)

3/ The light (go) out while I (have) tea

4/ When it (rain) , she(carry) an umbrella

5/ We (walk) to the station when it (begin) to rain

6/ He (teach) English for 2 months when he (live) in Germany and (work) as a journalist

7/ The house (burn) fast, so we (break) the window to get out 8/ He (eat) three sandwiches while you (talk) to him

Chapter 2: Passive Voice

I General rule :

S + V + O + …

S + BE + V3 … by + O.

(chia theo thì của câu chủ động)

Ex: - She usually takes my car

→ My car is usually taken by her

- He has sent his son to another school

→ His son has been sent to another school

II Active → passive:

3 am/ is / are + Ving am/ is /are + being + V3

4 was / were + Ving was / were + being + V3

5 has / have + V3 has / have + been + V3

7 will / would

can / could + V0

may / might must

will / would

can / could + be + V 3

may / might (nguyên mẫu) must

8 be going to

have to + V0

used to like

be going to

have to + be + V 3

used to (nguyên mẫu) like

EXERCISES

I Turn into passive voice.

1/ He is running his own restaurant

- 2/ The secretary opens the mails every morning

- 4/ Tom’s absence worried his mother

- 5/ They are building a new school in this town

- 6/ You should finish the report right now

Adv of place + BY O + Adv of time

-

7/ We shall discuss the matter in the afternoon

-

8/ He has to pay the bills before the fifth of the month

- _

9/ No one has opened that box for the past hundred years

- _

10/ The boy screamed while the dentist was pulling out one of his teeth

- 11/ The fire has destroyed many houses

- 12/ The children are carrying the chairs into the house

-

II Choose the best answer.

1 They cancelled all the flights because of the fog

A All the flights because of the fog were cancelled

B All the flights were cancelled because of the fog

C All the flights were because of the fog cancelled

D All the flights were cancelled because of the fog by them

2 People don’t use this road very often

A This road is not used very often

B Not very often this road is not used

C This road very often is not used

D This road not very often is used

3 Somebody is using the computer at the moment

A The computer is being used at the moment

B The computer at the moment is being used

C The computer is used at the moment

D The computer is being used at the moment by someone

4 Has somebody decorated my bedroom?

A Have my bedroom been decorated?

B Has my bedroom decorated?

C Has my bedroom been decorated?

D Has the bedroom of me been decorated?

5 Where do you change the money into dollars?

A Where does the money into dollars changed?

B Where is the money into dollars changed?

C Where is the money changed into dollars?

D Where does the money changed into dollars?

III Active or Passive? Underline the correct verb form

1 Tom (has just promoted / has just been promoted) to area manager of East Asia

2 My father (has taken / has been taken) English class in the U.S

3 How many times (have you / have you been) fired?

4 How much money (have you saved / have you been saved) for your vacation

5 My brother (has given / has been given) tickets to the concert

6 The population of our city (has risen / has been risen) to nearly one million

7 A strike (has called / has been called) by the factory worker

8 They (haven’t offered / haven’t been offered) more money by the management

Chapter 3: If Clause

1.PROBABLE

( có khả năng xảy ra ở

hiện tại hoặc tương lai)

Simple present

(S +to be(am/is/are) Vo/Vs,es )

Ex: If you study hard

Simple future

(S + Will/shall/can/may(not) + Vo…)

you will pass the exam

2 PRESENT –UNREAL

( không có thật ở hiện tại/

không thể xảy ra ở hiện

tại)

Past subjunctive

(S + to be (were) V2/ ed )

Ex: If I were a bird

Future in the past (S + would /should/….(not)+ Vo…)

I would be a white dove

3.PAST_ UNREAL

( không có thật ở quá

khứ/ không thể xảy ra ở

quá khứ)

Past perfect subjunctive (S + had + V3/ ed …) Ex:

If he had come here yesterday

Modal perfect (S + would/ should/….(not) have + V3 /ed …)

he would have met me

Exercises

1 If I -this exam I’ll go to the university next September

2 If Tom -us, the work will only take half an hour to finish

3 It Jack refuses to help we -manage without him

4 If she -so shy she would enjoy parties

5 If he took more exercise he -healthier

6 If he -hours watching television he would pass the exams.

A wouldn’t spend C doesn’t spend

7 If people -more slowly there wouldn’t be many accidents

8 If English people spoke more slowly I -to understand them

9 If the flat -clearly numbered it would be easier for me to find it

10 If they cleaned the windows the rooms -brighter

11 If we -central heaying the house would be warmer

12 If I -the signal I would have stopped

13 I -you if I’d known your number

B would have rung D will ring

14 If the lift -we wouldn’t have come up by the stairs

A had been working C is working

B have been working D would be

15 We -this mistake if we had listened carefully

A mightn’t make C mightn’t have made

B may not have made D didn’t make

16 If they hadn’t been driving so quick the accident -so terrible

B won’t be D wouldn’t have been

17 They -their children to the beach if it hadn’t been raining

A would have taken C will take

18 If I -hard at school I would have got a good job

B was working D might work

19 If the examinner had read the passage more slowly the candidates - it

A would have understand B understood

C would understand D will have understood

20 If the exit doors -people would have been able to escape

A hadn’t blocked C hadn’t been blocked

Chapter 4: Gerunds and Infinitives

I Gerund: Danh động từ

a Cơng thức: S + V + V-ing

b Sau giới từ (in, on, at, of, with, for, by )

Sau động từ/cụm từ như:

Ex: They were hungry, so she suggested having dinner early

Ex: I look forward to hearing from you soon

II to + infinitive: Động từ nguyên mẫu cĩ To

a S + V + to V

b Sau các đ ng t nh : ộ ừ ư

expect (kỳ vọng, trông đợi), plan (dự định), decide (quyết định), hope (hi vọng), threaten (đe doạ), agree (đồng ý), promise (hứa), forget (quên), try (cố gắng), like (muốn), wish (ao ước), …

Ex: It was a nice day, so we decided to go for a walk

EXERCISES

avoid (tránh), have trouble (gặp khó khăn), practise (thực hành), consider (xem xét, tính đến), miss (nhớ/bỏ lỡ), enjoy (thích, thưởng thức), mind (phiền), suggest (đề nghị), keep (giữ), like (thích), feel like (cảm giác như), stop (dừng), it’s no use (không lợi ích gì), mind (phiền) …

Using TO + INFINITIVE or V-ING to complete sentences:

1 She expects (get) ……… a pay rise next month

2 His mother wants him (get) ……… a good result in this semester

3 I will refuse (work) ……….on Saturday and Sunday if I can’t get the double pay

4 We promise (help) ……… him when he is in trouble

5 Their friends hope (see) ……… them again

6 He seemed (be) ……… happy when he saw you

7 The boss decided (go) ……… abroad

8 Miss Linda enjoys (work) ……… with young children

9 I start (work) ……… at 7:00 am every day

10 The teacher encouraged his students (work) ……… alone without

(receive) ……… any help

11 I can’t stop (think) ……… of him

12 Would you like (spend) ……… your holiday with me in Dalat?

13 It’s very impolite (speak) ……… foreign language in front of people who don’t know it

14 It’s obvious he’s only interested in (make) ……… money

15 Our teacher managed (book) ……… two seats on the morning flight

16 Would you mind (open) ……… the window?

17 My father hates (wear) ………….…… a tie to work

18 I don’t really like (get) ……… up early

Chapter 5: WH Questions

I Đối với động từ TO BE

WH + am,is,are + S ?

Was, were EX: Where are you from?

II Đối động từ đặc biệt: Can, could, will, would, should, may

WH + can, could, will, should + S + Vo ?

EX: When will you come back?

III Đối với động từ thường:

1 Ở hiện tại đơn:

WH + do, does S + Vo ?

EX: What does he do?

2 Ở quá khứ:

WH + did + S + Vo ?

EX: Where did they go last Sunday?

• Một số từ để hỏi thường gặp:

Who

What/ Which

When

Where

Why

How

How old

How far

How often

How much/ many

EXERCISES

I Choose the best answer.

1 - will she spend her summer holidays? In Hanoi

A When B Where C How D With whom

2 - fast does Lan read? - Fifty pages a day

A How fast B How much C How many books D How

3 - novel are you reading? - Tam's

A Who B Which C Whose D that

4 book are you reading, a textbook or a novel by Charles Dick

A Who B Whose C Which D That

5 do you go to the library? -Twice a week

A How often B How C How long D How far

6 - for a living? - I'm an engineer

A What are you doing C What do you do

B How do you do D What are yo

7 .'s the weather like today?

8 - is Lan waiting ? - At the station

9 - How does he run a day? - 16 miles

10 have you been learning English? - For two years

A How much B How C How often D How long

II Make questions for the underlined part:

1 My mother took me to the museum yesterday.

2 Lan didn’t go to school yesterday because she was ill.

3 I got home at 10 o’clock last night