REPORTED SPEECHKhi chuyển từ lời nói trực tiếp sang lời nói gián tiếp, ta cần lưu ý đến một số thay đổi sau: 1.. Thay đổi thì động từ Direct speech reported/indirect speech Example Hiện
Trang 1REPORTED SPEECH
Khi chuyển từ lời nói trực tiếp sang lời nói gián tiếp, ta cần lưu ý đến một số thay đổi sau:
1 Thay đổi thì động từ
Direct speech reported/indirect speech Example
Hiện tại đơn
Hiện tại tiếp diễn
Quá khứ đơn
Hiện tại hoàn thành
Quá khứ tiếp diễn/ Quá
khứ hoàn thành tiếp diễn
Tương lai đơn
“I feel sick”
“I’m writing a letter.”
“ I arrived at 5 p.m”
“ I have been that film”
“I was living in Thailand then.”
“I shall go to Japan in July.”
- Ta có thể dùng thì simple present thay vì simple past trong lời nói gian tiếp khi diễn tả một thói quen hay một chân lý
Ex “I work late every evening”, he said
“The sun rises in the East.”, the said
Trang 2- Đối với các động từ khiếm khuyết (modal verbs) không có dạng quá khứ, ta
có thể mượn các động từ có cùng nghĩa
Must ->
Must not ->
Can ->
May ->
Will/shall ->
2 Thay đổi tính từ và trạng từ
Direct
speech
reported speech examples This
These
Here
Now
Today
Yesterday
Tomorro
w
Ago
Next
week
“ I need this book”
“I will take these flowers with me”
“I will return here at 3 o’clock.”
“I ‘m going now”
“ I’ll do it today”
“I was in Hue yesterday”
“We’ll wait until tomorrow.”
“I was in Dalat three weeks ago.”
“I’ll come to see her next week”
Trang 3Cách đổi câu trực tiếp sang câu gián tiếp
I Câu mệnh lệnh và câu yêu cầu (orders and requests)
Câu mệnh lệnh, yêu cầu, đề nghị được đổi từ trực tiếp sang gián tiếp, mở đầu bằng những động từ: order, command, tell, ask, request và theo sau là tân ngữ trực tiếp chỉ người nhận lệnh + to-infinitive
Ex
“Hurry up, Lan”
“Shut the door”
‘Don’t leave the room.”
“Please don’t tell anybody what happened.”
II Câu hỏi (questions)
1 Yes – No questions
- Trong lời nói gián tiếp loại câu này được mở đầu bằng các động từ ask, inquire, wonder, want to know…
- Dùng if / whether ngay sau động từ giới thiệu của mệnh đề chính
- Đổi trật tự câu hỏi thành câu trần thuật và đổi các đại từ, tính từ, thì của động từ…
Ex “Have you seen that film”
=>
“Will Tom be here tomorrow?”
=>
2 wh- questions
Lặp lại từ để hỏi (what, when , where…) sau động từ giới thiệu
Đổi trật tự câu hỏi thành câu trần thuật và đổi các đại từ, tính từ, thì của động từ… Ex: “What time does the film begin?”
Trang 4“What will happen if she can not find her passpost?”
=>
“I have left my watch at home Can you tell me the time?’
=>
III Câu cảm thán (exclamations)
Câu cảm thán thường được thuật lại bằng động từ exclaimed/ said that
Ex “What a lovely garden they have!”
=>
“How hot is is!”
=>
IV Câu trần thuật (statements)
Thường đi với các động từ: said (that), said to sb/ told sb
Ex: “I saw her yesterday”
=>
Special cases:
1 Câu điều kiện loại 2, 3
He said, “If I were you, I wouldn’t come here.”
=>
2 Quá khứ giả định (trong wish-clause, as if…)
Mary said, “I wish I were a boy.”
=>
3 Trong lời nói trực tiếp có: could, would, should, used to, might, ought to, would rather, had better…
Tom said to me, “You had better not contact her.”
=>
4 Lời nói trực tiếp diễn tả một chân lý, hoặc một tình huống không đổi
Trang 5Put the following sentences into indirect speech
1 He said to her, “You are my friend.”
2 Johnny said to his mother, “I don’t know how to do this exercise.”
3 “Don’t come back before one o’clock”, advised my brother
4 “Cook it in butter”, Mrs Brown said to her daughter
5 The pupils said to their teacher, “Please give us better marks.”
6 “Pull as hard as you can”, she said to me
7 “Who put salt in my coffee?” he asked
8 My friend said, “Are you going to leave tomorrow?”
9 “Have you done your homework?” said my mother
10 I asked Bill, “What time did you go to bed last night?”
11 Paul said, “I must go home now.”
12 “There’s been an accident and the road is blocked”, said the policeman
13 “We are waiting for the school bus”, said the children
Trang 614 Mary said, “My father died a year ago.”
15 “Must you go now?”, said Mr.Brown
16 “Whose bicycle did you borrow yesterday?”, his mother asked him
17 “It isn’t so foggy today as it was yesterday”, said the teacher
18 “Be modest if you are a good pupil”, said my father
19 “Shut the door but don’t lock it”, she said to us
20 Tom said, “New York is bigger than London.”
21 “Please help us”, they said to us
22 “Don’t forget to send your parents my regards”, she said to me
23 The traveler asked, “How long does it take to get to London?”
24 John said, “I have finished studying my lesson”
25 Mary said, “I can not go to the movies with you, John.”
26 He asked me, “Why didn’t you come to class yesterday?”
27 “Did you phone me yesterday?” Tom asked Mary
28 “Do you like it?” Yes
Trang 729 “I didn’t know them Did you, Tom?” she asked
30 “Avoid the Marble Arch” said the policeman “There’s going to be a big demonstration here.”
31 “Don’t take more time two of these at once”, said the doctor, hanging me a bottle of pills
32 They said to me, “Let’s go to the zoo.”
33 “I shouldn’t do that if I were you Isn’t it very dangerous?” He said
34 “When we’ve finished this game we’ll have supper.” They said to me
35 “Have you got any shampoo, Alice I must wash my hair.” Johny asked
36 He said to me “Listen! Can you hear someone coming?”
37 “Do as I tell you or you’ll be punished I’ll teach you who is master in this house.”, he said
38 “When you have cleaned the sitting room, will you please light the fire there? It’s rather chilly today”, my mother said to me
39 “I shall expect to see you next Wednesday.” Mary said to her friend
Trang 840 The teacher asked “Which book are you taking, John?”
41 I asked the policeman “Do you know how far it is to the station?”
42 “What a dirty face you have!” Ann said to her son
43 “Don’t you know how to behave? There must be no talking in lessons” The teacher told his pupils
44 “I wonder who is coming on the excursion tomorrow I do hope it won’t rain.” She said
45 “Do as you are told You are a naughty boy.” Mrs Brown said
46 “It’s a very nice evening Why don’t we go for a walk?” Jim suggested
47 “You must decide what you want to do”, she said to her daughter
48 Mary asked me “Can you tell me why you are so sad?”
49 Jane said to John “Who will come to the movies with me?”
50 “Will you please find out when he last wrote to me?” Jane said to her friend