separation /ˏsepǝ’reɪʃn/ n Sự tách chia, sự ngăn cách Used to do something Be/ get/ become + to + V-ing something Wish to do something = want to do something mong, muốn làm điều gì Wi
Trang 1UNIT 1: A VISIT FROM A PEN PAL
Go/ be/ live/ study abroad
Comprise something and something
Be comprise of something and something
Correspond with somebody
correspondence /¸kɔ׃rǝ’spɑ׃ndǝns/ n Việc trao đổi thư, thư từ
Depend on/ upon somebody/ something
Dependent # independent /dɪ’pendǝnt/ adj Bị phụ thuộc # độc lập
Be dependent on/ upon somebody/ something nghiện, dựa vào
Be dependent of somebody/ something
Divide something into parts
Friendly # unfriendly /’frendli/ adj Thân thiện # không thân thiện
Be friendly to/ towards somebody
Be friendly with somebody = be a friend of somebody
impression /ɪm’preʃn/ n ấn tượng, cảm giác
Make an impression on somebody
Impressive # unimpressive /ɪm’presɪv/ adj Gây ấn tượng mạnh mẽ #
Instruct somebody in the use of something
instruction /ɪn’strʌkʃǝn/ n Kiến thức, lời chỉ dẫn
Instruction on how to do something
Instruction in something
11 keep in touch with somebody /ki׃p ɪn ’tʌtʃ/ exp Giữ lien lạc (với ai)
Keep out of touch with somebody /ki׃p aut ǝv ’tʌtʃ/ exp Mất liên lạc (với ai)
12 official # unofficial /ǝ’fɪʃl/ adj Chính thức #
Pray to God/ Saints
Pray for somebody/ something
14 primary /’praɪm(ǝ)rɪ/ adj Chính, quan trọng nhất, hàng đầu,
căn bản
regional /’ri׃dʒǝnl/ adj Thuộc một vùng, địa phương
Separate something from something
separate /’sepǝ¸rǝt/ adj Riêng biệt, khác
Trang 2separation /ˏsepǝ’reɪʃn/ n Sự tách chia, sự ngăn cách
Used to do something
Be/ get/ become + to + V-ing something
Wish to do something = want to do something mong, muốn làm điều gì
Wish somebody something Chúc ai điều gì
Wish somebody + V-ed/ V2 Ước ai làm gì
Wish somebody would/ wouldn’t + V Mong ai làm/ đừng làm gì
n Sự thờ phượng, tôn kính Worshiper/ worshipper /’wɜ׃rʃɪpǝr/ n Tín đồ
Cách phát âm danh từ số nhiều
a) Số nhiều của danh từ thường được tạo bằng cách thêm “S” vào số ít
S được phát âm là /s/ sau âm P, K, F Ngoài ra nó được phát âm là /z/.
Ví dụ: house - houses, cat - cats, shirt - shirts
Khi S đặt sau CH, CE, GE, SE hoặc ZE, các từ đó khi đọc lên sẽ có thêm một vần được phát âm là /iz/
b) Các danh từ kết thúc bằng S, SS, SH, TCH, CH, X, Z khi chuyển sang số nhiều đều thêm -ES vào cuối, như:
gases (hơi), masses (khối), dishes (món ăn), churches (nhà thờ), ditches (hố), boxes (hộp), topazes (hoàng ngọc) Khi ES đặt sau CH, SH, SS hoặc X, các từ dó khi đọc lên sẽ có them một vần được phát âm là /iz/
Cách phát âm S tận cùng:
1 Được phát âm là /z/: khi đi sau các nguyên âm và các phụ âm tỏ (voiced
consonants), cụ thể là các phụ âm sau: /b/, /d/, /g/, /v/, /T/, /m/, /n/, /N/, /l/, /r/
Ví dụ: boys, lies, ways, pubs, words, pigs, loves, bathes, rooms, turns, things, walls,
cars
2 Được phát âm là /s/: khi đi sau các phụ âm điếc (voiceless consonants), cụ thể là
các phụ âm sau: /f/, /k/, /p/, /t/ và /H/
Ví dụ: laughs, walks, cups, cats, tenths
3 Được phát âm là /iz/: khi đi sau một phụ âm rít (hissing consonants), cụ thể là các
phụ âm sau: /z/, /s/, /dZ/, /tS/, /S/, /Z/
Ví dụ: refuses, passes, judges, churches, garages, wishes
UNIT 1: A VISIT FROM A PEN PAL
Trang 3TÓM TẮT NGỮ PHÁP
A Cách dùng “used to” (đã từng)
Used to: dùng để diễn tả hành động xảy ra thường xuyên trong quá khứ và bây giờ không còn
nữa
E.g: I used to live alone
When I was a child, I used to go swimming everyday
Lưu ý: used to + V nguyên mẫu (đã từng)
# be/ get used to + V-ing/ Noun (quen với)E.g: He is used to having dinner at 6 o’clock
Mary has lived in Vietnam for two years She is used to the hot climate here.Nghi vấn: Did + use to + V nguyên mẫu
Phủ định: S + didn’t + use to + V nguyên mẫu
B Thì quá khứ đơn (the simple past tense)
1 Công thức: S + V (ở quá khứ) + …
2 Cách dùng: thì quá khứ đơn diễn tả hành động đã xảy ra và chấm dứt ở quá khứ vớithời gian xác định rõ ràng
E.g: I went to the cinema last week
I met him at the bank yesterday
He left school three years ago
3 Những cụm từ chỉ thời gian thường dùng trong quá khứ đơn
Last week/ month/ year
One week/ two months/ three years ago
Câu phủ định: S + didn’t + V nguyên mẫu + …
Câu nghi vấn: Did + S + V nguyên mẫu + … ?
E.g: He went out last night
He didn’t go out last night
Did he go out last night?
5 Cách thêm “ED”
Thông thường chúng ta thêm “ed” vào sau động từ
E.g: watched, enjoyed, wanted, …
Trước “y” là một phụ âm, chúng ta đổi “y” thành “i” rồi thêm “ed”
E.g: studied, tried, shied, …
Động từ một vần tận cùng là một phụ âm, trước nó là một nguyên âm, chúng ta gấp đôiphụ âm rồi thêm “ed”
E.g: stopped, planned, tipped, …
Động từ hai vần có vần thứ 2 được nhấn và tận cùng bằng một phụ âm, trước nó là mộtnguyên âm thì chúng ta gấp đôi phụ âm rồi thêm “ed”
Trang 4E.g: omitted, permitted, …
6 Cách đọc tận cùng bằng “ed”
Đọc /t/ khi động từ nguyên mẫu tận cùng là “p, k, f, s, ch, sh”
E.g: helped, asked, watched, dressed, …Đọc /id/ khi động từ nguyên mẫu tận cùng là “t, d”
E.g: wanted, needed, added, …Đọc /d/ khi động từ nguyên mẫu tận cùng là những phụ âm còn lại;
E.g: played, saved, arrived, seemed, loved, …
C The unreal past with “wish” (thì quá khứ giả định với động từ wish)
S + wish (that) + S + V ở quá khứ
Câu với động từ “wish” theo sau nó là thì quá khứ giả định dùng để diễn tả sự ao ước về các sựviệc, tình huống ở hiện tại không theo ý muốn của chúng ta Thì quá khứ giả định giống nhưthì quá khứ đơn Riêng động từ “to be” ta dùng “were” cho tất cả các ngôi
E.g: I wish I could give up smoking
I wish I had a new bicycle
I wish I were taller
I wish I knew her telephone number
EXERCISE
I Fill in the blank with a word from the box
Climate ethnic mausoleum comprises religion soil compulsory primary prayed tropical
1 A ………is a ssspecial building made to hold the dead body of an important
person
2 Mindful of the danger of ………….storms, I decided not to go out.
3 The warm ………favours many types of tropical plants.
4 The law states that everyone has the right to practise their own ………
5 Water the plant regularly, never letting the ……….dry out.
6 The collection ………327 paintings.
7 English is a ……… subject at this level.
8 The violence was the result of political and ………… conflicts.
9 We ……… that she would recover fsrom her illness.
10 The government’s ………….concern is to reduce crime.
II Fill in each gap with a suitable preposition.
1 The committee is comprised ………representatives from both the public andprivate sectors
2 It is compulsory ……….all motorcyclists to wear helmets
3 I’ve been corresponding ………….several experts in the field
4 He knew he could depend ……….her deal with the situation
5 A sentence can be divided up ……….meaningful segments
6 We divided the work ………us
7 He impressed her ……… his sincerity
8 It is impossible to separate belief ………emotion
9 A penfriend or a pen pal is a person that you make friends ……….by writingletter
10 It is important to keep ………… touch ……… the latest research
Trang 511 How long is she planning to stay ………you?
12 We haven’t seen Jane ………a while
13 I walked ………… several hotels ………….my way ………the gas station
14 The young birds depend ……….their parents for food ………severalweeks
15 This job is a lot different ……….what I’m used to
16 Most students are interested ………sports
17 The teacher divided the class ……….five groups
18 His breakfast consists ……… dry bread and a cup of tea
19 Their yard is separated ………the factory ……… a tall fence
20 …………Friday, Maryam wanted to visit the mosque …………Hang Luoc Street
III Choose the correct verb form (Past Simple or Past Continuous)
1 I (met/ was meeting) a friend while I (did/ was doing) the shopping.
2 I (paid/ was paying) for my things when I (heard/ was hearing) someone call my name.
3 I (turned/ was turning) round and (saw/ was seeing) Paula.
4 She (wore/ was wearing) a bright red coat today.
5 We (decided/ were deciding) to have a cup of coffee.
6 While we (had/ were having) a drink, a waiter (dropped/ was dropping) a pile of plates.
7 We all (got/ were getting) a terrible shock.
8 While the waiter (picked/ was picking) up the broken plates, he (cut/ was cutting) his
finger
9 She (worked/ was working) quietly at her desk when suddenly the door (opened/ was
opening) and her daughter (rushed/ was rushing) in
10 He (stood/ was standing) up, (walked/ was walking) across the room, and (closed/ was
closing) the window
IV Put the verbs in brackets in the Past Simple or Past Continuous.
1 I (have) ………a busy day yesterday I (go) ………to class in themorning I (eat) ………… lunch with my brother after class In the afternoon, I (write)
………a letter to my cousin, and (meet) ………my uncle at theairport In the evening, I (take) ……… him around the city
2 When I (walk) ……… to class yesterday morning I (see) ……….Dick
We (say) ……….hello and (walk) ……… the rest of the way toschool together
3 When I (go) ……… to the cinema, I (see) ……….an accident
4 When I (hear) ……….a knock at the door last night, I (walk)
………to the door and (open) ……….it When I (open)
……… the door, I (see) ……….my brother I (say) ………hello
to him and (ask) ……… him to come in
5 My cousin and I (watch) ……….a film on TV last night when my brother(come) ……… He (watch) ………the end of the film with us
6 They (wait) ……… for me when I (arrive) ………at the station
……….raining)?
8 She (cry) ……… when she (hear) ………the news
9 They (drive) ……….home from the theatre when the police (stop)
……… them
Trang 610 Everyone (become) ………quiet when the concert (begin)
………
11 V Complete the following sentences with a word from the box Sometimes no word is necessary.
Ago last in for at when on
1 He was born in Africa ……… 1970.
2 My parents moved back to Vietnam ………I was five.
3 She left college three years ………
4 I found a flat on my own ……….last year.
5 I usually go home ………the weekend.
6 I didn’t go home ………weekend.
7 ……….Saturday evening we went out for a walk.
8 ……… the afternoon we went for a walk.
9 It will be ready ………two weeks.
10 We lived in Hanoi ……….three years.
VI Give the correct form of the verbs in brackets.
1 I’d like (lie) ……… on thw beach today It’s too hot to do anything else.
2 My parents always advise me (help) ………the poor.
3 It is usually easier (learn) ………a subject by (read) ……… books than
by (listen) ……….to lectures
4 We decided (spend) ………our holidays at the countryside.
5 We are practicing (jog) ……… in the park.
6 These windows need (paint) ………You need (paint)
……… them
7 Don’t keep on (shout) ……….like that.
8 Lan suggested (go) ………to the cinema.
9 Her aunt persuaded her (come) ……….with us.
10 Have you finished (write) ……….the letter yet, Nam?
VI Rewrite the following sentences using a wish construction.
1 I haven’t got a washing machine
Trang 7VII Rewrite the following sentences without changing their meanings.
1 Maryam and Lan have been pen pals for over two years
Maryam and Lan have written ………
8 Lan and Maryam went out They wanted to have a drink
Lan and Maryam went out ………
………
Trang 89 I spent two hours doing my homework.
It took ………
………
10 English is a compulsory second language in all secondary schools in Malaysia Students have to study English as ………
………
VIII Choose the underlined part that needs correcting. 1 I have broken my pencil May I borrow one of your? 2 John used to going to school by bus Now he goes by bicycle 3 We get used to live in the countryside before we moved to this city 4 When I was on holiday last summer, I was going to the beach every day 5 Do you ever wish you live in a castle? 6 It has been a long time since I have visited Kuala Lumpur 7 Nam uses to go fishing when I was young 8 It rained heavily while I slept soundly last night 9 John can’t play football now He wishes he can play it 10 What often can you write to your pen pal? –Twice a month 11 Lynn wishes she had a bigger apartment and can buy a car 12 As soon as the alarm clock rang, she woke up and was getting out of bed 13 I haven’t heard from Maria since a long time 14 What do you use to do when you felt afraid? 15 Mary was drying the dishes when she was dropping the plate 16 When I introduced Tom to Bob, they were shaking hands 17 When we looked out of the window, we saw some boys and girls play in the yard 18 He let the letter falling onto the floor. IX With the cues given, write a letter to your pen pal You should put them in correct order firsst, and then begin to write. The trip/ be/ very interesting, and I / be/ eager/ to tell you about it Walk/ around the lake/ enjoy/ the fresh cool air, we/ feel/ very comfortable The weather/ be/ rather cold/ night, but it/ be/ very cool/ during the day I/ just/ return/ four-day trip/ to Dalat/ my parents We /stay/ mini hotel/ Xuan Huong Lake We/ enjoy/ ourselves so much We/ also/ visit/ a lot of famous places/ such/ Prenn Waterfall/ Cam Ly Waterfall/ Lake of Sights/ Bao Dai Palaces/ Da Lat flower Park … Write/ me soon ………
………
………
………
………
………
………
………
X Choose the correct answer to fill in the blank
1 The Singaporean unit of (length, height, volume, currency) is dollar
Trang 92 Buddhism is the official (region, religion, languaage, capital) of Thailand.
3 Lan and Maryam are pen pals They (write, correspond, exchange, visit) at least onceevery two months
4 A person with whom one becomes friendly by corresponding is a (writer, pen name,pen friend, pen writer)
5 They really enjoy the peaceful (impression, atmosphere, faces, expression) in Vietnam
6 Is physical education (additional, national, traditional, compulsory) in your school?
7 Vietnam is one of the countries of the (Affection, Association, Federation,Administration) of Southeast Nations
8 The (national, international, country, continental) language of Malaysia is BahasaMalaysia
9 Malaysia is divided into two (sections, regions, nations, places), known as WestMlaysia and East Malaysia
10 My grandmother is very (religion, religious, relation, relative) She goes to the pagodaevery week
11 I have a pen pal in Malaysia We (comprise, consist of, divide, correspond with) eachother at least once a month
12 The children were (separated, separating, separate, to separate) into four groups for thegame
13 She was really impressed (with, by, in, on) the friendliness of the local people
14 I wish I (have, am having, was having, had) more time to finish the work
15 He seems (enjoying, to enjoy, be enjoyed, enjoyed) the Vietnamese food
16 This small dictionary (makes, uses, comprises, consists) 80,000 words
17 The book (comprises, consists, makes, has) of ten units
18 Islamic people usually go to the (pagoda, mosque, temple, church) to pray
19 This is a difficult problem I wish I (know, knew, had known, would know) the answer
20 It’s raining heavily now If only I (have, having, had known, had had) an umbrella
21 What’s the (currency, money, unit, money symbol) of Malaysia? Is it the ringgit?
22 Vietnam is a (cold, warm, heat, tropical) country The weather is usually hot there
23 Mrs Brown is very (religion, religious, region, churchgoer) She goes to the churcheveryday
24 Long ago people used t o (worship, hate, love, dislike) the sun, the stars, and the moon
25 Visitors are welcomed by friendly and hospitable (religion, impression, attitude,expression) of Vietnamese people
26 The monitor’s good behaviors make a deep (impression, expression, kindness,happiness) on all the class members
27 The house (consists, comprises, divides, takes) two bedrooms, a kitchen, and abathroom
28 I love the city The (views, sights, places, scenes) of the city impress me a lot
29 Britain has a temperate (temperature, condition, climate, fashion)
30 What is your father’s (occupy, occupying, occupied, occupation)?
31 When I was at the primary school, my grandmother (takes, is taking, used to take, wastaking) me to schoolevery day
32 I wish I earned more money, but in fact i (don’t, did, was, didn’t)
33 “Have you ever been to Ha Noi, Linh?” “Yes, I (was, were, have been, has been) therelast summer.”
34 He never drinks beer He ( used, isn’t used to, used to, isn’t used for) drinking beer
35 Wear a helmet when riding a motorbike Helmets are used (to protect, protect,protecting, protected) our head
Trang 1036 “Why (do, doing, does, to do) you buy so many lottery tickets?” “I wish I (have, had,having, to have) enough money to help my parents.”
37 “Do you play any sport, Mai” “Well, I used to (play, plays, playing, to play) soccerwhen I (am, is, was, were) at high school.”
38 I (want, hope, wish, expect) I didn’t have to get up early
39 “What (did Mary use to do, has Mary done, was Mary doing, does Mary do) when shewas 10 years old?” “Her mother said she could swim very well.”
40 Miss White is a nurse She (used to, uses to, is used to, has used to) working at night
TEST
A Choose the correct answer to fill in the blank.
1 They correspond at least once (the, an, that, a) week
2 This was Lan’s first visit (the mosque, at the mosque, to the mosque, on the mosque) onHang Luoc Street
3 (In addition, Besides, Moreover, By) Islam, there are other religions here
4 Bahasa Malaysia is (hard, difficult, hardly, difficulty) spoken
5 We wish you (had happy new year, have a happy new year, a happynew year, were ahappy new year)
6 He introducing us (at, for, on, in) the use of a new laptop
7 (Off, On, Above, Over) the next few days, we visited some pagodas in HCM City
8 The book (includes, consists, has, comprises) of 7 chapters
9 They are providing introductions (at, on, in for) how to succeed in a written test
10 You must be silent (for, at, on, in) work
11 – (What color is/ What color/ What’s color/ What color is it)? – It’s blue
12 – (How big/ What’s size/ Which size/ Which is the size)? – Small, please
13 What he has changed (is/ is that/ is to/ is so) add to the food
14 President Ho Chi Minh visited (at/ to/ in/ ) this village in 1956
B Identify the mistake in each sentence.
15 By the time we will get there, they will have ended the meeting, I’m afraid
16 Sometimes penguins slide on their stomatchs, pushing themselves with its slippers
17 Dreaming, like all other mental processes, it is a product of the brain and its activity
18 Fertilize farmland is one of the most effective ways to make the land rich forcultivation
C Choose te suitable word to fill in each blank.
Viet: Hello, Mr Pike (19)………….helping me? I’m doing an exercise and I can’t
pronounce (20) ………
Mr Pike: Which one? Oh, no I’m too old (21) ……….it Please ask Mrs Pike She
(22) ………teach English in Cambodia
Viet: Mrs Pike Can you help me pronounce (23) …………correctly?
Mrs Pike: Today I have a (24) ……… I’m afraid I can’t help you (25)
……….watching cartoons They’re so lovely
Viet: What (26) ……… , Linda You aren’t busy, are you?
Linda: I’m chatting
Viet: Who are you chatting with? It is time-consuming
Linda: I’m chatting with my boyfriend Why are you asking a lot of questions tonight,
Viet?
Trang 11Viet: Am I? …Well, I’m trying to practice English with all the members of your
family
19 A Would you mind B Do you mind if C Can you D Could you
20 A this word B this sentence C this phrase D this clause
D Read the passage, and decide if the following statements are True or False.
Parents speak in a different way to young children They are not aware of doing this, but theyactually When a baby says its first words, its parents speak very clearly to it They stopmaking the kinds of errors which are usually so common in ordinary speech They also speak
to thhe baby in a slightly higher voice Finally, they usually ask simple questions and do notuse mant statemnets
27 Most parents speak in the same way to young children ………
28 Parents often whisper when a baby says its first words ………
29 Parents make few mistakes when speaking to their babies ………
30 Parents never ask their babies any questions ………
E Supply the appropriate tenses or forms of words in the brackets
31 I (attend) ………this university from 1990 to 1995
32 He (sell) ……….motorcycles for ten years now
33 Columbus (discover) ……… America more than 400 years ago
34 We (still live) ……….there when our father died
35 I (be) ……….to New York three times this years
36 I’ll come and see you before I (leave) ………… to America
37 John (read) ……… a book when I saw him
38 He said he (return) ………the following day
F Fill in each blank with an appropriate word formed from the words given in brackets.
39 We can’t stand such (friend) ……… here
40 English is (primary) ………taught in VietNam’s Secondary Schools
41 As she is 18, she wants to become (depend) ………of her parents
42 The festival is (official) ……… held in Hung King Temple
43 We need the (compel) ……….of this attendance
44 Angkor Watt used to be a (religion) ……… center
45 You have (bad) ……….the situation
46 September 2 is our (depend) ………Day
G Rewrite the following sentences without changing the meaning.
47 They don’t usually drink beer
They are not used ………
48 People built the school in 1990
The school ………
49 She always swam when she was 15
She used ………
50 The number of people killed in industrial accidents this year is 15
Already this year, 15 people ………
Trang 12UNIT 2: CLOTHING
Consist of something
Feel constrained to do something Bị buộc làm điều gì đó
embroidery /ɪm´brɔɪdǝri/ n Sự thêu thùa, vải thêu
Encourage somebody to do something
fashionable /´fæʃ(ǝ)nǝbl/ adj Đúng mốt, hợp thời trang
Be fond of something
15 go up # go down /ɡoʊ ʌp/ # /ɡoʊ
daʊn/ v Tăng lên # hạ xuống
16 inspiration /ˏɪnspɪ´reɪʃn/ n Cảm hứng, hứng khởi Take inspiration from something
17 loose # tight /lu׃s/ # /tait/ adj Rộng # chật
Mention something in something
Mention something to somebody
Mention doing something
Ethnic minorities /´eθnɪk maɪ´nɔnɪk maɪ´nɔ
Hiện đại hóa
Sự hiện đại hóa
On the occasion of something Nhân dịp, nhân cơ hội
patterned /´pætǝrnd/ adj Được trang trí bằng hoa văn
Trang 1324 poet /´poʊǝt/ n Nhà thơ
Poetry
poem /´poʊǝtri//´poʊǝm/ Nn Thơ, thơ caNhà thơ
25 practical # impractical /´præktɪkl/ adj Thiết thực #
Self-confidence /ˏself´ɑ:nfidǝns/ n Sự tự tin
sleeveless /´sli:vlǝs/ adj (áo) không tay, cộc tay, sát nách
symbolic /sɪm´bɑ:lɪk/ adj Có tính chất tượng trưng
adv
Khắp thế giới, toàn cầu
TÓM TẮT NGỮ PHÁP
A The present perfect tense (thì hiện tại hoàn thành)
1 Công thức S + has/ have + V3/ed (past participle)
2 Cách dùng:
Thì hiện tại hoàn thành diễn tả:
Sự việc xảy ra trong quá khứ không xác định rõ thời gian
E.g: I have lost my key
Một hành động bắt đầu xảy ra trong quá khứ và kéo dài đến hiện tại và bây giờ vẫn còn xảy ra
E.g: We have learned English for 3 years
My brother has lived in Can Tho since 2000
Một hành động vừa mới xảy ra Trong câu thường có chữ “yet” (vừa mới)
E.g: He has just come back from his home village
He has just moved here
Sự kiện lặp đi lặp lại trong quá khứ không xác định rõ số lần
E.g: I have seen that film three times
Trong câu có các từ “already (đã …rồi), yet (chưa), never (chua bao giờ), ever (đã từng, có baogiờ), just (vừa mới)
E.g: He has already had dinner
I haven’t received a letter from him yet
I have never seen him
Have you ever eaten Japanese food?
Trang 14I have just seen Lan.
3 Các thể của thì hiện tại hoàn thành
Thể khẳng định: S + have/ has + V3/ed
Thể phủ định: S + haven’t/ hasn’t + V3/ed
Thể nghi vấn: Have/ Has + S + V3/ed …?
4 Một số trạng từ thường gặp:
Lately (mới đây, gần đây), recently ( mới đây, gần đây), so far (cho đến giờ), up to now/ up topresent/ till now (cho đến bây giờ), before (trước đây) all his/ her/ my …life (suốt cuộc đời củaanh ấy/ cô ấy/ của tôi …)
E.g: Have you seen her lately?
Have you read a newspaper recently?
How many pages have you read so far?
– I have read 10 pages
I have met him before
She has lived here all her life
5 Cách dùng “since, for”
Since + mốc thời gian (10 o’clock, Monday, 10 June, May, last year, christmas, lunchtime,yesterday) + S + V ở quá khứ
E.g: Nam has bought a new car since April
I haven’t seen Lan since Monday
For + khoảng thời gian (one hour, ten minutes, two days, five months, a long time, three years,ages)
E.g: Ba and Mai have known each other for a long time
Ba and Mai have known each other for 6 months
I have studied English for 3 years
I haven’t seen Lan for ages
B Passive voice (thể bị động)
Thể bị được dùng:
Khi ta không cần đề cập đến người thực hiện hành động rõ ràng là ai
E.g: The streets are swept everyday
Khi ta không biết hay không biết chính xác hoặc đã quên người thực hiện hành đông là ai
E.g: The car has been moved
Khi muốn nhấn mạnh hành động hơn là người thực hiện hành động
E.g: The house next door has been bought
1 Công thức: to be + past participle (V3/ed)
2 Cách đổi từ câu chủ động sang câu bị động:
Lấy tân ngữ của câu chủ động làm chủ ngữ của câu bị động
Động từ chính trong câu chủ động sẽ là thì của động từ “to be” trong câu bị động, động từchính của câu chủ động đưa về quá khứ phân từ (V3/ed)
Lấy chủ ngữ của câu chủ động làm tân ngữ của câu bị động và thêm giới từ “by” ở phia trước.Lưu ý: By + them, people, eveyone, someone, me, you, him, her, us (ta có thể được lược bỏtrong câu bị động)
3 Các thì của thể bị động:
a) Thì hiện tại đơn: am/ is/ are + V3/ed
E.g: Nam closes the door
The door is closed by Nam
Someone cleans this room everyday
This room is cleaned everyday
Trang 15b) Thì hiện tại tiếp diễn: am/ is/ are + being + V3/edE.g: He is cleaning the room.
The room is being cleaned
They are repairing the bridge
The bridge is being repaired
c) Thì quá khứ đơn: was/ were + V3/edE.g: My father built this house in 1990
This house was built in 1990 by my father
They cancelled all the flights because of fog
All the flights were cancelled because of fog
d) Thì quá khứ tiếp diễn: was/ were + being + V3/edE.g: Tom was cooking the dinner
The dinner was being cooked by Tom
e) Thì hiện tại hoàn thành: have/ has + been + V3/edE.g: The company has ordered some new equipment
Some new equipment has been ordered by the company
They have just cleaned the room
The room has just been cleaned
f) Thì tương lai đơn: will + be + V3/edE.g: Our team will win the game easily
The game will be won easily
I will visit my grandmother tomorrow
My grandmother will be visited tomorrow
g) Đông từ hình thái ở thể bị đông:
E.g: You must shut these doors
These doors must be shut
He can repair this machine
This machine can be repaired
I have to do the homework right now
The homework has to be done right now
She ought to send this letter before June 1st
This letter ought to be sent before June 1st.h) Negative subjects
E.g: No one can do these exercises
These exercises can’t be done
** Lưu ý: đối với câu có 2 tân ngữ tân ngữ trực tiếp và tân ngữ gián tiếp
E.g: They didn’t offer Hoa the job
Hoa wasn’t offered the job
The job was offered to Hoa
They gave me one hour to do this exercise
I was given one hour to do this exercise
One hour was given to me to do this exercise
EXERCISE
I Fill in each gap with a word from the box
Occasion cotton minority design peers casual label faded champagne economic
1 The magazine will appear in a new ……… from next month
2 He’ll only wear clothes with a designer ………
Trang 163 The ……… indicators are better than expected.
4 They marked the ……… with an open-air concert
5 He was wearing ……… Blue jeans
6 Children are worried about failing in front of their ………
7 She looked pretty in a simple ……… dress
8 ……… clothes are comfortable clothes that you choose to wear in your free time
9 We always celebrate our wedding anniversary with a bottle of ………
10 Our proposal tries to accommodate the special needs of ………… Groups
II Fill in each gap with a suitable preposition.
1 My parents have always encouraged me ……… my choice of career
2 One unit of alcohol is equal ……… half a pint of beer or a standard measure ofspirits
3 Jeans are still ……… fashion
4 Some styles never go …… ……… fashion
5 Dreams can be a rich source of inspiration ………… an artist
6 It’s only a tiny minority ……… people who are causing the problems
7 Those who want violence are ………… the minoriry
8 Short skirts are black ……… style
9 I have nothing more to say ……… the subject
10 White has always been a simple ………… purity in Western cultures
11 We’re always proud ……….your success
12 I think it’s necessary ……….students to wear uniforms when they are
………school
13 Shall we go for a picnic tomorrow? – It depends ……… the weather
14 The park was named ……….a young hero, Le Van Tam
15 In the 18th century jean cloth was made completely ………cotton
16 Children’s shoes usually wear ……… very quickly
17 The price of oil has gone ………by over 30%
18 Vietnamese women today often wera modern clothing ……… work, but wear ao dai
……… special occasions
19 Jeans have never been ………fashion Are you fond ……….wearingjeans?
20 This job is a lot different ………what I’m used to
III Give the correct tense of the verbs in brackets.
1 I (know) ……… her for a very long time
2 We (not play) ……… football together since last summer
3 Her husband (not come) ……… home yet He never (come)
……… home before midnight and last night he (not get) ……… intill two o’clock
4 Listen! I think someone (knock) ……… at the door
5 While they (sleep) ……… soundly, a stanger (enter) ………theroom and (steal) ……….all their valuable things
6 “Please, can I have my book back?” “Oh, dear I (not finish)
………it.”
7 My youngest brother (get) ……… a new job a week ago
8 Old George (not be) ……….here for ages
9 Let’s go to a café when the concert (be) ……….over
Trang 1710 When I (meet) ……… them in the streets yesterday, they (go)
………to the cinema
IV Read the following passage and put the verbs in the correct form, Pressent Perfect or Past Simple.
Twenty year ago few people (realize) ……… that computers were about tobecome part of our daily lives This short peiod of time (see) ……… enormouschanges in business, education and public administration Jobs which (take)
……… weeks to complete in the past are now carried out in minutes Clerks who(spend) ……… all day copying and checking calculations are now freed from thesetedious tasks In offices, the soft hum and clicking of word processors (replace)
……….the clatter of typewriters Schoolchildren (become) ……… asfamiliar with hardware and software as their parents (be) ……….with pencils andexercise books Computerization of public records (enable) ……….gevernmentdepartments to analyze the needs of citizens in detail Some of us may wonder, however,whether life (really/ improve) ……….as a result of these changes Manyjobs (disappear) ……… , for example, when intelligent machines (take)
………over the work Employers complain that clerial staff (become)
………dependent on calculators and cannot do simple arithmetic There arefears that governments (not do) ……… enough to ensure that personalinformation held on computers is really kept secret Certainly, many people may now bewondering whether the spread of computers (bring) ……… us as it (solve)
………
V Rewrite the following sentences into passive voice.
1 Someone checks the water level every week
_ The water level ………
2 We expect students not to talk during the examination
_ Students ………
3 We invited two hundred people to the party
_ Two hundred people ………
4 We don’t allow smoking in this restaurant
7 Most Vietnamese women used to wear the traditional “ao dai”
_ The traditional “ao dai” ………
8 Fashion designers have added some beautiful patterns to the “ao dai”
_ Some beautiful patterns ………
9 Poets have mentioned the “ao dai” in poems for centuries
_ The “ao dai” ………
10 You mustn’t throw the traditional “ao dai” away
_ The traditional “ao dai” ………
11 The teacher will explain the lesson until all the students understand it
_ The lesson ………
12 He has done his homework for hours but he hasn’t finished it yet
_ His homework ………
Trang 1813 My parents never make me working hard.
18 They have built two deparment stores in the neighborhood this year
_ Two department stores ………
VI Complete the passage with the words given.
Regular king what popular uniform sold famous teenagers
Jeans are very ……… with young people all over the world Some people saythat jeans are the ……… of youth The story of jeans started almost 200 years ago.People in Genoa, Italy, made pants The cloth made Genoa was called “jeanos” The pantswere called “jeans” In the 1950s, two people helped make jeans popular with
……….Elvis Presley, the ……… of Rock and Roll, and James Dean, a
……….movie star In the 1970s and 1980s, jeans became very expensive Inaddition to ……….brands like Levi’s and Lee, famous designers like Calvin Kleinand Pierre Cardin began making “designer jeans” Jeans are so ……… that Levi’shas ……… over 20 billion pairs Almost anywhere in the world you know
……… young people want to wear jeans!
VII Read the following passage then answer the questions.
NYLON- THE FIRST MAN-MADE FIBRENylon was invented inearly 1930s by an American chemist, Julian Hill Other scientistsworked with his invention and finally on October 27, 1938, nylon was introduced to the world
It was cheap and strong and immediately became successful, especially in making of ladies’stockings During the second World War, the best present for many women was a pair ofnylon stockings, but more importantly, it was used to make parachutes and tyres Today nylon
is found in many things: carpets, ropes, seat belts, furniture, computers, and even spare partsfor human body It has played an important part in our lives for over 50 years
1 Who invented nylon?
2 When was it introduced to the world?
3 What was it used to make during The Second World War?
4 Why is nylon important in our lives?
VIII Pick out the word whose underlined part is pronounced differently from that of the other words.
7 A match B champagne C Chinese D cheap
Trang 198 A roofs B tickets C waves D tops
10 A tickets B pick C circus D invited
IX Pick out the word that has the stress differently from that of the other words.
5 A traditional B minority C fashionable D convenient
7 A material B economic C traditional D minority
X Choose the best answer
1 Do you think jeans will be ……… ?
2 In the 18th century jean cloth was made completely from …………
3 Don’t wear that dress because it doesn’t ……… your yellow T-shirt
4 The material used to make jeans was very ……… and it didn’t wear out easily
5 Workers like wearing jeans because they don’t ………….easily
6 Some designers have ……….the “ao dai” by printing lines of poetry on it
7 In the 1960s, it was the ……… for women to wear very short skirt
8 It was not a business appointment, just a ………meeting with some friends
9 Wearing casual cloths makes school more colorful and …………
10 Miss Brown designs cloths for ladies She is a ………
11 That church looks very old When ……….?
12 A lot of guests ………, but few came
13 Television ……… only for the last forty or fifty years
14 The club ………up last year
Trang 20A was started B had been started
15 How many pages ……….so far?
16 Traditionally, the “ao dai” ……….by both men and women
C was frequently wearing D has frequently worn
17 We ………… our form teacher since last Monday
18 This room is very dirty ……….for ages?
19 I ………to Ha Noi three times The first time ………… ten years ago
20 They ………….in Hue ………a long time
21 Nowadays, many Vietnamese women prefer to wera modern ……….at work
22 Some designers have taken ……… from Vietnam’s ethnic minorities
23 For years, poets, writers and musicians have ………the “ao dai” in their poems,novels, and songs
24 What ………of shoes do you take, Lan?
25 The “ao dai” is the ………dress of Vietnamese women
26 Vietnamese women usually wear the “ao dai”, especially on special ………
27 Her dress has a beautiful ……… of flowers
A painting B plan C picture D design
28 It seemed the only ……… thing to do
A logic B logistics C logical D logically
29 He may be from a rich family His clothes look very modern and ………
30 Wearing casual clothes give people ……… of choice of colours and styles
A freedom B convenient C liking D comfortable
31 She ……….her homework yet She ………….more time
A has finished- doesn’t need B hasn’t finished- needs
C didn’t finish- needed D hasn’t finished- needed
32 These plants ……… for animals’ food
A can be grown B can grow C grow D have grown
33 These plants ……… to a height of 20 centimeters within a week
A can grow B grew C can be grown D have been grown
34 “When ………you last ……… herr?” “Last month.”