Báo cáo anh văn chuyên ngành Y khoa: Nervous System

Cell body or soma• Contain the cell nucleus Cell nucleus Cell’s life support center... Classification of nerve - Sensory nerve Afferent nerve - Motor nerve Efferent nerve... Function of

Brain Teaser

1, 4, 7, 10, 13, 16, 19,Which number comes next in the sequence?

21,22,23 or 24 ?

Why can we do these activities ?

NERVOUS SYSTEM

PRESENTED BY GROUP 8, YGH – K38 CAN THO UNIVERSITY OF MEDICINE – PHARMACY

What is nervous system?

Division of nervous system

Has 3 main parts

Cell body Dendrites

Axon

Axon of

another neuron

Receive messages and conduct impulses

to the cell body

Cell body or soma

• Contain the cell nucleus

Cell nucleus Cell’s life support center

Can be covered with myelin

Myelin

• Two kinds of axon:

• Transmission in myelinated axon is faster

Nodes of Ranvier Jump down

nervous impulse jumps

Synapse

One

Synapse

Neurotransmitter

• Chemical substances help impulses across the synapse.

Neurotransmitter

NERVE

• A nerve consists of a bundle of dendrites and axons that travel together like strands of rope

Classification of nerve

- Sensory nerve (Afferent nerve)

- Motor nerve (Efferent nerve)

BRAIN

about

1,4 kilos

Structure of the brain

deep longitudinal fissure ( groove)

Gyri

Sulci

cerebral cortex

Parietal lobe

Occipital lobe Frontal lobe

Temporal lobe

Body sensations, visual, spatial perception

Vision

Wernicke area

(language comprehension)

Hearing, understanding

speech, language

Broca area (language expression)

Thought processes,

behavior, personality,

emotion

Insula lobe

corpus callosum

Diencephalon Hypothalamus

Thalamus

Impulses from

the cerebrum

receives relays &

Hypothalamus regulates involuntary

activities.

Heart rate

Body temperature

Fluid balance

Midbrain Pons

Medulla

Oblongata

Cardiovascular centre

Respiratory centre

Nuclei of cranial nerves

SPINAL CORD

Foramen

magnum

L1,L2

Spinal Cord

Cervical enlargement

Lumbosacral enlargement

Spinal Cord

• In cross-section

Function of Spinal Cord

Central Nervous System

Receptor (muscle or gland) Effector

Sensory or

afferent neuron Motor or efferent neuron

Conduit for sensory information Conduit for motor

information

Function of Spinal Cord

Example:

Function of Spinal Cord

• Center for coordinating certain reflexes.

Knee-jerk reflex

Function of Spinal Cord

Withdrawal reflex

Function of Spinal Cord

Crossed extensor reflex

Sympathetic Nervous System

Parasympathetic Nervous System Autonomic

Nervous System

CRANIAL NERVES

There are 12 cranial nerves

Except the vagus nerve

Carry impulses

Brain and abdomen Neck, chest

Carry impulses

Olfactory nerve (I)

Olfactory nerve Smell

Optic nerve (II)

Optic nerve Vision

Oculomotor nerve(III)

Trochlear nerve(IV)

Abducens nerve(VI)

Eye movement

Oculomotor (III), Trochlear (IV)

and Abducens (VI) nerve

Facial nerve (VII)

Facial nerve (VII) Facial expression

• Taste

Facial nerve (VII)

Vestibulocochlear nerve (VIII)

Vestibulocochlear

nerve (VIII) Hearing and balance

Glossopharyngeal nerve (IX)

Glossopharyngeal

nerve (IX)

• Tongue and throat sensations

• Throat movement

Head and shoulder movement

Accessory nerve (XI)

Accessory nerve(XI)

Hypoglossal nerve(XII)

•Speech

•Swallowing

Structure of a spinal nerve

arm movements

Hip and foot

motion Knee extension and flexion

Sexual function, bowel and bladder

activity

Temperature regulation, trunk

stability

Function of spinal

nerves

Heart rate and breathing

Temperature regulation

Knee motion

Autonomic nervous system

Autonomic nervous system Control involuntary responses

Autonomic Nervous System Response

FIGHT or FLIGHT

STRESS

Autonomic Nervous System Response

Peace

REST and DIGEST

Sympathetic Parasympathetic

Constricts bronchioles

A stimulus begins an impulse in the branching fibers of the neuron, which are called dendrites

A change in the electrical charge of the dendrite membranes is thus begun, and the nervous impulse moves along the dendrites like the movement of falling dominoes The impulse, traveling in only one direction, next reaches the cell body, which contains the cell nucleus Extending from the cell body is the axon, which carries the impulse away from the cell body Axons can be covered with a fatty tissue called myelin

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