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lllustratim by: Stephen Elford md Andrew Hemessey

c@r imge: Stephen Elford

Ths tublidffi wouu ahol*2 tDthan*thcfilNfngfor tfuirkindpmlsintorefrodwe phatigrapls and othtr cowightffirerial: Almy pp.12 (Ozimges/gaUery), 15 Uchem Wijnmds/?icture Contact/paraglidiag, Steppenwolf/yacht,Jane Shauck Photogxaphy/Olly), 22 (BarryLewis/ choir), 35 (girl ballmnisvjetrGrenb€rg), 40(H Mark Weidman Photogaphy/mixing chcolate, DarirJenkiru/chtrolate moulds), 44 (Hm4uenther Oed/Vuio images/

cu factory, Colin Underhi[/hsporter), 54 (Collen Miniuk-Sperry/compass on map],

60 (Skyscm Photolibrary/Stonehenge aerial), 68 (vm hilveNuldcmGs), 78 (Anthony Kaynigbvplue taking off, Tatim Gribmova/Ntr York from air), 82 (Chtrles Willim Lupicaltheme park): Getty lmages pp.12 (Christoph Wilhehlfui/aftist), 15 (Cuie), 88 (Smi STkis/Photogapher's Choice/surfing, Picturegildenfhe Image Bmk/boy); Otrord UniveEity Press pp.12 (girl), 16 (climbing, Tony), 22 (boy playing guitar), 35 (hot air ball@m), 40 (conveyor b€lt, child), 54, (compass, orientees) 60 (stoneh€nge main), 66 (postcsd sceDe), 78 {girl and air hostess), 88 (beach); Photolibrary p.82 (Chad Ehle$[,lordic Photos/rcller cmterl,

Be going to ond wi[[

The present continuous with future meoningFirst conditionoI

Second conditionoIThe present perfect with since, for, olreodg, just, get ond beforeThe post simple ond present perJect

The present perfect continuousThe possive (t): present simple ond post simpleThe possive (2): present continuous

The possive (3): futureThe possive (4): present perfect

Relotive pronouns ond whereThe post perfect (1): offirmotiveThe post perfect (2): negotive ond questionsThird conditionoI

64 70

74 58

808692

9 6

After fhe holidnysThe present the past simple and continuoussimple and continuous;

Past forms

{

-1-r.

p*fhe present simple ond present

t continuous

We use the present simpte to tolk obout hobits

ond things thot ore olwogs true We use the

present continuous to totk obout whot we ore

doing now

Bobbg always plags in the schoolfootballteam

Iulia's listening to her new MP3 player

The post simple ond post continuous

We use the post simple to tolk obout completedoctions in the post We use the post continuous tototk obout on oction thot went on for some time

We often use the post continuous to describethings thot were hoppening when somethingelse hoppened

Post continuous Post simpleRyon wos swimming when he sow a turtle

't Coro's in the kitchen sf,l.ti.-U"iiiy bokes o cokefor Mum's birthdog

2 Whot do gou toke / ore Uou toking o photo of? There's nothing to see here of the moment

3 V i s i t o r s u s u o [ [ g c o m e / o r e u s u o t l g c o m i n g t o s e e t h e d o L p h i n s

4 Helen oLwogs plogs / ls ptoging tennis on Tuesdogs

5 It doesn't snow /isn't snowing of the moment

6 I'm not coming / don't come right now, but I'[[ see gou Loter

7 MgfomiLg recactes /'s recAcling rubbish everg week

8 Our cousins ore stoging / stoy with us of the moment

9 Peggy leoves /'s leoving schoot right now

Sto rte r

Complete the conversotions Use the present simple or present continuous ond the verbs in the box.hove Josk troin notknow notfeel wanf' do meet

m u m t o b e o n o t h L e t e o f t h e m o m e n t

1 M u m / olwogs / shop / ot the morket.

3 l u d g o n d T i n o / d o /o j i g s o w / o t t h e m o m e n t

4 T h o t p l o g e r / n e v e r f s c o r e / o n g g o o [ s

5 S i d n e g / d o h i s h o m e w o r k / r i g h t n o w

6 Whg / Kim /tough / now?

7 The bogs / plog footbo[L / right now

8 Whot / tooLs / we /ofien / needT

4 Write sentences Use the post simple ond the post continuous.

1 we / sit down

z | /choose/o brocetetforMum

i when / the pLog / stort

when / Mum / comeinto /the shop

when / the bus / orrive

3 Louise / toLk / to Am_g

8 When / r / c o r r g / s o m e b o t t l e s the corrier bog /breok

9 when / theg / shop it / stort / to roin

m o u n t o i n w h e n I a (fol.l.)over o rock.

B i l t g O h l T o m m g s o i d g o u '

-u p o h i L L

Lewis Wet[, it wos o verg big hil.l.! I1

[.g t - - (get) better now I 1

Bil,l,g See gou in Jootbol.L proctice soon, then!

(hove) the occident when gou 1 (woLk)

(not con) wotk ot ol.L just ofter the occident, but mg

(do) exercises everg dog

tl-t

I Requlor verbs

t

- The post simpLeform of regutor verbs is the some

osfor the post porticipLe We odd -d or -ed to

the boseform When o verb ends in consonont

+ -9, we chonge -g to -ithen odd -ed When o

verb contoins one short vowel ond ends in o

consonont, we double the consonont

Irregu[or verbs

Boseform Post simple Post porticiple

S u z g H o v e g o u t - d p n e o n g t h i n g i n t e r e s t i n g r e c e n t l g ?

H e l e n Y e s , I ' v e 2 q u i t e b u s g O n S o t u r d o g , I 3 to the cinemo with Beth

t o s e e i t o g o i n H o w o b o u t g o u ?She'd 1 the JiLm before, but she '

Suzg I've 6 the lost few dogs doing thot project for school next week.

Helen Beth ond I1 - together on ours, so it's 8- now

S u z g L u c k g g o u !

Sto rter

i\ e" going to

I

T We use be going to + boseform to tolk obout

plons ond decisions we mode eorlier

We're going to see a play this evening

We otso use be going to + boseform to moke

o prediction bosed on o situotion thot is

It's roining I'Il take a n u mbrello

We olso use wi[[ or won't + boseform to mokepredictions

I'll be thirteen next year

I won't be famous when I grow up

ART COMPETITION

FIRST PRIZE

RYAN

cRsst 0v

I look of the chort Write predictionstfoittr wiLl or won't Use ong in the negotive sentences.

mg birthdog sq)n.I'm verg excited

in the school pl.og

on umbre[o with metowork

the mon soon

Dod's osleep.I footboLL with hirn loter.

C o m p [ e t e t h e s e n t e n c e s U s e :i '

toke switch on heLp fol-t oiJ

ond o verb from the box

not moke be not woLk not go

5 Write offirmotive ond negotive sentences Use be going to.

SoLl.g / leorn Chinese rY

Gino ond Chorles / pLogcomputer gomes /

Mg brother / live in Fronce I

You ond Bob / wotch TV X

vent o computer gome /

I / do mg homework /

Mg brother / in

I / b e o n T V I

1 Thot's the phone.It'l.t be foro @

Thot's the phone.It's going to be toro [-l

2 When Potrick is oLder, he's going to be on ostronout O

When Potrick is otder, he'[[ be on ostronout LJ

3 You're going tofind the miLk in thelridge [_-l

You'tLfind the mil.k in thefridge [-l

4 We're going to do our homeworktogethertonight [-l

We'[[ do our homework together tonight [-l

5 Mum's cor's moking o stronge noise It'L[ breok ao*n [ l

Mum's cor's moking o stronge noise It's going to breok ao*n [ l

6 Look!The dog's going to cotch the boLL

Kim Don't worrg I expect there''LL 1 oregoing to be tots of peopLe Look ot theJoodl

There 8 won't / 's goingto be too m uch

T o m I e ' l L / ' m g o i n g t o h e L p t o f i n i s h i t o L L f o r g o u !

U n i t L

, , J I - , J ^ 1 1 ,

v 1 1 ( ( 3 t ; , l f

" J r & i / C l ' \ '

, ' ' , " i i i s v L s i t i n 3 t , ; t i , \ :' ,, 're leavrnq

We're hoving a singing lesson at 4 o'clock

I'm not doing anything tomorrow night

Are you leaving tomorrow morning?

C o m p l e t e t h e s e n t e n c e s U s e t h e p r e s e n t c o n t i n u o u s o n d t h e v e r b s i n b r o c k e t s

( t r o v e L ) t o t h e o ir p o r t ( m o k e ) o c o k e t h i s o f i e r n o o n ( s e e ) o fiLm ot the cinemo t o n i g h t ( s t o r t ) s c h o o l n e x t w e e k

( m o v e ) h o u s e t o m o r r o w (get) our test results loter

( b u g ) o n M P 3 p L o g e r o n S o t u r d o g ( p t o U ) J o o t b o L L o n F r i d o g

Look of Kotie's diorg Write questions ond onswers with the present continuous.

to Grandtrto

W*tesdattwptch thetootball natch

!*tdgLunisit hranlna anlbrandpa

make a co'ke wtth RosY

t Is Kotie hoving (hove) lunch in o cofe on Mondog?

(pLog) sport on Tuesdog?

(Listen)to music on Wednesdog?

(visit) friends on Th u rsdo g ?

(hove)o picnic on Fridog?

(hetp) Koren with her project on Soturdog?

: - : J * ; i :, ' ' ,:id ff@

i r w ' f = o,i,' '{=E=+ tg ?= = zZ a s: rr?' # iS Second conditionalFirst conditional

h * use thefirst conditionot to to[k obout

I something thot wiil hoppen iJ something else

' h o p p e n s f i r s t

If it rains, we'll take the bus

We moke the first conditionoL with on if-ctouse

ond o wi[[/won't clouse Form the if-clouse with

If + present simpLe Form the wi[[/won't ctouse

with witL/won't + boseJorm

If you win the competition, we'll celebrate

We con put the if-clouse first or the will/won't

clouse first When the if-cLouse comes first, we

r i " i

lf you finish yourwork in class, I

we'll play football after school if wedon't have any homeworkl

j,::- :r.*=+=1 |?: :l

odd o commo (,) When the wiLl./won't cLousecomesfirst, we don't odd o commo

If the weather is good, we'll have o picnic

We'll have a picnic if the weather is good

We mokefirst conditionoI questions ond shortonswers with wil.L/won't + subject + bose form +if-clouse We con olso use if-clouse + wil/won't+ subject + boseform The meoning is the some.Will gou phone me if gou passthe exam?

Yes,I will / No, I won't

If gou pass the exam, will gou phone me?

Yes,I will / No,I won't

2 W e (bring) some sun creom f Uou (bring) some food.

3 If Penng (wotch)theJi[m, she (be)scored

4 Iess (not get)fit if she (not do)ong exercise

5 W e (win)if we (score) the winning gool todog

Write , or -

6 If it roins

1 | /get good results / I / studg everg dog {

2 she /find o nice present I I / give her the moneg

?

/

3 we / buiLd o tree house / Dodl hel.p us /

t he/plog voltegboU / he /get homeeorl.g I

5 we / see the oudience /the stoge Lights / be on X

6 everuone / heLp the ptonet / theg / recacLe plostic bogs /

7 gou /teU ongone / I / teLL gou o secret I

w O t t g ' s b t o g

If I hqd the chqnce to do

o n g s p o r t , I ' d d o p o r o g t i d i n g

l'd love to ftg! If I hod wings,

l'd flg reollg fost, like o bird

If I went porogl.iding, I'd look

down ot the eorth ond tqke

Lots of photogrophs lt wouLd

be reollg excitingl

W T o n g ' s b i o g

If I could do ong sporl, I'd gorock ctimbing lt would beomozing if I leornt to ctimbfrom the bottom to the top of

o cl.iff

W C o r r i e ' s b t o g

If I hod lots of moneu, I'd bug

o big boot ond leqrn to soit lf I

d i d t h o t , t h e n I' d in v i t e o l L m gfriends ond fomi[g to soil roundthe world lt woutd be oreot fun!

Ji

qW e u s e t h e s e c o n d c o n d i t i o n o I t o t o L k o b o u t

s o m e t h i n g t h o t w e th i n k m i g h t n o t h o p p e n

If I passed the exam,I'd be very happg (I don't

think I'U pass the exam.)

If she studied harder, she wouldn't fail her exams

(I don't think she'lt study harder.)

We moke the second conditionot with on

if-c[ouse ond o wou[d/wou[dn't-ctouse

We Jorm the if-cLouse with if + post simple

We Jorm the would/wou[dn't-c[o use with

would/wou[dn't + bose Jorm.

If you plaged baseball more often, you'd be

healthier

As with the first conditionol, we con put theif-clouse first or the would/wou[dn't-c[ouseJirst When the if-cl.ouse comes first, we odd

o commo When the woutd/wouldn't-clousecomesfirst, we don't odd o commo

If she came with us, she'd have o great time.She'd hove a great time if she came with us

We moke second conditionoL questions withwould/wouldn't + subject + boseJorm +if-clouse or with if-ctouse + would/wouldn't +subject + boseform

Would I learn English faster if I lived in Englandfor a month? Yes, you would / No, gou wouldn't.

If I lived in England for a month, would Ilearn English faster? Yes, you would / No, youwouldn't

U n i t 2

5 Circle the correct onswer.

1 If I wos good ot moths, r g"t /6;ho good job

2 l'dbe /'m verg cold if I Lived in Norwog

3 Woutd gou be verg hoppg rJ Uou won /win the roce?

4 If gou work / gou worked in o bonk gouU hove to be good ot moths

5 You d burn if gou don't / didn't use suncreom

6 lf gou wrote / 'dwrite to her, she d repLg

7 Would there be o lot of snow if I go / went to Sweden in December?

8 He woutd uptood the fil.es iJ he knew / 'd known where theg were

9 Mrs Cossidg would hove guitor lessons if she hod /would hove more time

10 I would Leorn Germon if I tive / lived in Germong

5 Motch 1-8 with o-h

1 g If I hod o hundred pounds, a Id tisten to tots of pop music

2 -* If I hod o new MP3 ploger, b we'd become o Jootbo[L teom

3 IU pLog for o big JootboLL club c I'd bug some new troiners

4 - If I wos in o schoot plog, d iJ I wos Jomous

5 - P e o p l e w o u t d t o k e p h o t o s o f m e e i f l L i v e d i n l o p o n

6 IJ I hod ten brothers, f if I wos good otfootboLL

7 IU leorn Ioponese g people would oskfor mg outogroph

8 If I wos fomous, h I'd Leorn o[L mg words

' Complete the second conditionoI sentences Write the correct form of the verbs in brockets.

1 If I met (meet) o fomous person, t 'd osk (osk) to toke their photogroph

2 Iulie (not go) to school if she (not be) very we[l

3 If loe (do) her homework, she (get) o good mork

4 I f w e ( g o ) o n o p i c n i c , w e ( b u g ) s o m e m e o t , c h e e s e o n d b r e o d

5 There (not be) so much Litter here iJthere (be) more bins

6 M o r e p e o p l e ( u s e ) t h e p o r k i J it ( h o v e ) o b i g g e r p l o g o r e o

7 I - (l"ike)the pork more if it (not get) so crowded in summer

8 If gou (eot) o hundred cokes, gou (Jee|.) sick

9 We (go)to the cinemo more if we ([ive)closer

10 If I - (go) to ItoLg this summer, I (eot) Lots oJ pizzo

B Complete the sentences Use the phroses in the toble.

n o t b u r n s o m o n g f o s s i L f u e l s

h o v e o g o c h t

s p e o k R u s s i o n 7

\_ \ _ _

1 gou / be surprised / it / roin in the desert {

w o u L d - : , : , r : t liiiseq lj i! iciLiLuc Ll1_tng

2 Oscor / be o film stor / he /go to school X

r J ) : ' r t r ' ' o : { J d l n s t a r , y , l c , u l a - h e q o t o S-Clia_Q_ii i\ci, iig in,ouidn't

3 we / heor her / she / speoklouder /

: Look of the pictures Write first or second conditionoI sentences.

\t/oste (woste) o Lot of moteriots.

(wotch) the fiLm if he( u n d e r s t o n d ) i t

( p i c k t h e m u p ) if i t( s t o r t ) t o r o i n

(not foL[ osleep) iJ theg(toLk) ol.L night

)

I

U n i t 2

g[ Since ond for

til

T W e u s e s i n c e + o p o i n t i n ti m e , s u c h o s o d o g , d o t e

o r t i m e W e u s e f o r + o p e r i o d o f t i m e P h r o s e s w i t h

f o r o n d s i n c e g o o f t h e e n d o f o s e n t e n c e

I've been at this school for two years.

I've been at this school since 2008

S Al.reodg, just, get ond before

' We con use the present perfect with otreodg, just,

get ond before, to give more informotion obout

w h e n s o m e t h i n g h o p p e n e d

W e u s e o l r e o d g t o t o [ k o b o u t s o m e t h i n g t h o t h o s

hoppened before we expected it to

They've olreadg finished their lunch.

Motch 1-9 with o-i

Thankyou

No, but l've pointed pictures

, : t 4 a : t 1

-.:i.!.

: ':::' ::l:l'

W e u s e j u s t to toLk o b o u t s o m e t h i n g t h o t h o s

h o p p e n e d v e r g r e c e n t [ 9 I've just seen him

W e u s e g e t in q u e s t i o n s o n d n e g o t i v e s t o o s k i f

s o m e t h i n g t h o t w e ' r e w o i t i n g f o r h o s h o p p e n e d Have you tried any ofthefood get?

W e u s e b e f o r e t o t o t k o b o u t o n g ti m e in th e p o s t

u p to n o wI've never been to an art gallery before

F We put otreodg ond just beJore the moin

i verb in o sentence We put get ond before'

of the end of o sentence

a b c d e f I h i

J o r J o u r m o n t h sfor o Jew hours

s i n c e 2 0 0 7for two weeks

Write the words in the correct order to moke sentences Use the present perfect.

-2 o t r e o d g / S u z g / g o / t o t h e d e n t i s t

3 olreodg / BiLlg / meet /Ted *."

4 get / Cl.ore / not pick up / Lucg

5 before / Mum / toke / Lewis to the pork

6 get / Penng / not bug / o presentfor Iudg

7 olreodg / Gorg / see / Fin

8 before / Wil[iom / goto the zoo

Look of the pictures Write sentences with the present perfect ond just

Rgon's porents / orrive Rgon's +ffenlthqve R g o n ' s m u m o n d d o d /see / Rgon

The Mogor / give Rgon / the trophg R g o n / s o g / ' t h o n k g o u ' t o t h e M o g o r

1e photogropher / toke o photo Rgon / leove / the stoge

U n i t 3

Music testivol

Every year there is o music f estivol in London For one doy eve?y yeor, there

ore no lessons so thot everyone con go qnd listen to the music - or ploy on instrument Lily Porsons interviewedTed Allen obout toking port.

Lily Hove you been to the

festivol before?

Ted My closs mqtes ond I hove

been to the festival every

yeor since we storted

school f've olwoys wonted

to ploy or sing

Lily Do you ploy o musicol

instrument?

+ d

We use the post simple to tol"k obout something

thot storted ond ended in the post

I bought some new shoes atthe market

We usuotlg use o time expression with the post

simp[e, For exomp[e, gesterdog, lost ond ogo

with the post simp[e

They came backfrom Cairo gesterdag evening

Yes, f do f've plcyed theguitor f or three yeors, butthis yeor, I ployed in thefestival f or the f irst time

My closs friends oll song

o r o n g Were you nervous?

Yes, I wos reolly nervous6ef ore we perf ormedour song, but f ployedwell ond my friends songbeoutif ully

Did you win o prize?

No, we didn't win a prizethis yeor, but f hod o lot

of fun! Moybe we'll winnext yearl

Ted

L i l y

L i l yTed

I

l c

,t F,

is stiU importont now

I've borrowed your pen

When we use the present perfect, we often don'tsog when the oction hoppened

She's passed her test

U n i t 3

I Corlo's lost her brocetet Corlo doesn't hove her brocelet now T

2 Mg brother's gone to ItoLg Mg brother isn't in Itotg now

3 Mum's opened the window The window is open now

4 Grondmo's been to the bonk G r o n d m o i s o f t h e b o n k n o w

5 BiLl.g cought the bus to schooL gesterdog Bil.l.g is on the bus now

6 Tongo's token Rob to the pork Rob's of the pork now

7 Theg've brought food Jor the picnic The picnic hos finished.

8 Nigel ote o[[ the picnic food. There is no more food for the picnic.

Motch guestions 1-10 with onswers o-j

1 c W h e r e d i d g o u g o th i s m o r n i n g ?

2 - Hos Ted co[[ed?

3 - Did gou cotch the troin?

4 Wos there o photogropher of the performonce?

5 - Who's Lefi this bog here?

6 Did Iess ond lomie Like the pLog?

7 - Hove we spent o[[ our moneg?

8 Did Ioson pLog footboLl with gou?

9 Did gou hove too much to eot?

10 Hove ong fomous people ever visited gour school?

to Iretond Lots of times, ond when I wos L0, theg I

for the Jirst time.

a Yes, I did

b Yes, theg hove

c I went into town

d No, we hoven't

e Yes,I did.IfeeL il.l

f Yes, there wos

g Yes, theg did

born here os we[t However, mg grondporents 1 (come) from Irelond Theg

(move)to London in 195O.5ince then, neither of mg grondporents(go) bock to lrelond, otthough theg stil.L coLL it their 'home' Theg( n o t L o s e ) t h e i r I r i s h o c c e n t s M u m o n d D o d 1 (go)

(be)

(toke) me with them

7 Look ot the pictures Complete the sentences with the post simple or the present perfect

of the verbs in the box

stort/be jw*/hffin Lose/leove invite/not send

not orrive/do see/not see do/pLog visit/go

youyesterday?

I footballwith Sam

I Mrs Robinson in

th e su p erm a rket y ester d ay

Mrs Robinson? Iher for a long time

-It

the exam?

Review I

I'm going to be o doctor when I'm oLder [Z

I'[L be o doctor when I'm oLder [-l

The l.ibrorg won't be open tororro* [-l

The librorg isn't going to be open tomorrow | I

S h e i s n ' t g o i n g t o g o to t h e p l o g t h i s e v e n i n g n

S h e w o n ' t g o to t h e p L o g t h i s e v e n i n g D

-I'm sure we're going to hove o LoveLg nil*, D

I'm sure we'[[ hove"o tou"tg frofiaog !

I'm going to onswer the door [ l

I'L[ onswer the door [_l

Don't worrg -the exom won't be verg difficult [ |

Don't worrg -the exom isn't going to U u.rg aiflft O

7 It'sstorted to roin We're going to get wet D

It's storted to roin We'[L get wet [-l

8 I'm busg now I'l.L teLL gou oL[ obout the ptog tororro* [_l

I'm busg now I'm going to teLl gou o[L obout the pl.og tomorrow I I

Complete the text Use the present continuous ond the verbs in brockets

I'm going to have a really busy day tomorrow! l'll get up eorly, of courte

llum anAI normally 9o tho?ing onSaturday a{fernoon,buttomorrow

frienA Harriellrom her house af 1 o'clock Lizl (meet) us

"v") lunch wifh her anA we

soI' -(-"ke) a cake.I'llstartfhalaflerthe{ilm.Later

p r oje ct to g eth e r ll a r ri ele- (not go) home vntil the evening

becavte her parenlsl:

Review 1

(v;r;f) {riends inthe city

Complete the first conditionol sentences Use the verbs in brockets.

(be) nice weother, we

(not see) so monu fish if gou

( n o t w i n ) o n S o t u r d o U , w e

(need)to cleon the cut if there

(Like) ice skoting, gou(go)coving if we

(be) hoppg if we(Listen) to their teochers, theg

(there/not be)so much poltution,

(we/sove) moneg iJ(the teom/hove) o better cooch,

(I/hove)o tree house,

(we/not orrive) lote of school

(we/Live) in the countrg

I If we reod (we/reod)the mop correctlg,

Write sentences ond guestions Use the present perfect sentences ondfor or since.

2 I /not listen / t o t h o t C D / o l o n g t i m e

3 TheToglorfomiLg / not go / on hol.idoy /three geors.

4 gou /brg / ong new clothes /Lost month?

5 I / not visit / Grondpo / Lost Sundog.

6 Helen / hove / this doLl / seven Ueors.

7 Colum / not see / his cousins / lost geor.

8 Som / be / in Fronce / o month ?

9 We / not Live / in this house / a Long time

10 Clore / not pl.og / computer gomes / o Long time

2 we / do our homework X

4 I / moke o birthdog cordfor Moddg {

5 LiLg ond Tino / downlood the music /

6 F i n / t i d g h i s ro o m I

7 Wil.Liom / wrop Moddg's present I

8 Tom /write to Aunt Mog {

9 Ted /finish his homework {

10 Leo/wosh Dod's cor /

Review L

I Write the words in the correct order to moke stotements ond questions.

1 o / p e o r l / g o u / b e f o r e / h o v e / f o u n d / ?

H o v e u o u fo u n d o p e o r I J J I J b e f o r e ?

2 get / hoven't / we / birthdog f Tom's / celebroted

Corrie / homework / her /just / finished / hos

before/ never f I've/explorer / met / on

5 I o s o n / g e t / t o t h e b o t t l e b o n k / h o s l t h e b o t t l e s / t o k e n / 7

theg've / broken / the window / with their boLL / just

before /hove / been /Tommg ond his dod / coving /7

eoten / evergone /the coke / hos / oLreodg

3 M o k i n g c m o d e l The present perfect continuous

Ryan

aeroplane

Q i

F i

XF * use the present perfect continuous to tol.k

I obout something thot storted in the post ond

' which is stil,l hoppening now

We olso use the present perfect continuous to

totk obout something thot storted in the post

ondfinished recentlg

Weform the present perfect continuous with

hove/hos (not)+ been + -ingform

I've been lookingfor mg trainers evergwhere

You haven't been listening

I h o v e n ' t b e e n p o i n t e d t h e 1 n O

It been roining for o Long time [_lIt's been roining for o Long time [-lYou not been toking gour medicine [_-l

We use for ond since with the present perfectcontinuous

Andy has been playing the guitar for an hourand a half

Andg has been ptaging the guitar since twoo'clock

We olso use time expressions with the presentperfect continuous

all morning, all dag, all afternoon, all week

2 We've been corrging heovg snopping [ lWe've be corrging heovg shopping [_-l

4 The teom hos be ploging ol.L ofternoon D

T h e t e o m h o s b e e n p l o g i n g o L L o f t e r n o o n D

6 Theg've been wotching TV since two o'ctock [_-l

Y o u h o v e n ' t b e e n t o k i n g g o u r m e d i c i n O Theg've been wotch TV since two o'ctock D

7 The snow hos fotl"ing for two f'orrr [-l 8 Moddg hoven't been proctising the guitor [_lThe snow hos been foLLing Jor two frorrr [-l

U n i t 4

Moddg hosn't been proctising the guitor [-l

2 look of the toble Complete the sentences.

t Write sentences Use the present perfect continuous.

do homework tidg his room moke cokes send emoils

I I / point / the kitchen I've been

2 George ond Ethon / not pLog /footbol.l.

3 She / not tisten

1 Mr Green / teLL /us / some interesting stories

5 Mg dod /work/ in the gorden o[[ morning

6 Suzg / not studg / Jor her exoms

7 Tockond Leo / notdo /verg much recentlg

8 You / woit/forthe

9 I l p L o n / m g p o r l g

letter o[t week

Complete the sentences Use the present perfect continuous ond o verb from the box.

toLk moke cleon wsit eot point shop wotch

Have you ever dreomt of doing somethinq reolly adventu rous?

One doy soon,l'm going to fly oround the world in my hot oir bolloon.

Q: Hwe you been flying for o long timel

troining reolly hord ond lots of people hwe been helping

We use the present perJect continuous to describe on octivitg thot storted in the post ond ended

recent[9

It's been raining a\l morninq (It wos roining but it isn't roining now.)

We form present perfect continuous questions with hove/hos + subject + been + -ing form

Have you been waitingfor a long time? Yes,I have No,I haven't

We put question words before hove/hos

What have you been eoting?

We don't use ever with the present perfect continuous

; Motch L-8 with o-h

M s l { i u g t h i n g s The passive (1): present simple and past simple

The passive (2): present continuous

t We use the octive form when we know the

subject of the sentence

Farmers in ltalg grow lemons

We usethe possive when we don't knowthe

subjectofo sentence

Lemons are grown in ltalg

We moke the present simple possivefrom the

subject + om/is/ore (+ not) + post porticipl"e

Atrophg is given ta the winner

Ieans aren't made of wool

We moke the post simple possivefrom the

su bject + wos/w€re/wosn't/weren't + postporticip[e

The children were driven to school

The books wercn't put on the bookshelf

We moke question forms with is/ore /was/were(+ not)+ object + post porticipLe

Are the children driven to schoot?

Yes, theg are OR No, theg aren\

5 Circle the correct onswers.

r cot"rCr"]l-trO/were mode with sugor,JLour ond eggs.

2 The Fiot compong wos storted / were storted bg some Itotion businessmen

3 The coke wos mode /were mode bg Grondmo.

4 Mong of the pointings in ort golleries were pointed / wos pointed with oil points

5 Mong fomous crime stories wos written / were written bg Agotho Christie

6 The Mono Liso weren't pointed / wosn't pointed bg Picosso.

7 Ofien, modern buil.dings ore mode / is mode with concrete

8 These photos were token / is token with o verg good comero

9 Solod wos mode / is mode with lettuce ond tomotoes

10 Iomie wos given /wos gove o present bg his sister

6 Write questions ond short onswers Use the present simple possive or the post simple possive

1 EngLish / speok/ in AustroLio /

2 t h e p g r o m i d s / b u i L d l b g o n c i e n t E g g p t i o n s /

3 the book Oliver Twist / write / bg Chorl.es Dickens /

4 cors /invent / in the sixteenth centurg I

5 olive oil / moke / with sugor X

6 Jerries / use /Jor corrging cors /

7 New York /originolLg / coLL/ New Amsterdom /

8 m o n g ro o d s / b u i l d / b g th e R o m o n s /

9 cors / drive / bg chiLdren I

10 soup /moke / with vegetobles ond meot /

U n i t 5

post simple possive of the verb in brockets.