Smithells Metals Reference Book Part 11 ppt

0 The 7 and 8 are two new phases observed during the diffusion experiments and not previously reported.. Steeb, High Temp... Olzi, High Temp.. Johnston, High Temp.. b'dy 100 10" m& be,

Mechm'sms of dijimion 13-83 Table 13.4 CHEMICAL DIFFUSION COEFFICIENT MEASUREMENTS-continued

2.6 x lo-' 6.4 x 10' 2.2 x 102 9.3 x 10-3

4.3 x 10-3

169.1 98.0 167.1

-23a3 292.2

232.8 228.2 227.8 227.8 232.4 240.7 242.4 270.9 273.8 204.7 202.6 223.6

13-84 Diffusion in metals

Table 13.4 CHEMICAL DIFFUSION COEFFICIENT MEASUREMEN-ontinued

68 0.60 0.77 3.6

-

-

247.9 251.2 261.3 188.4 193.0 214.4

I

5.81 x 74.1

1 2 6 ~ 75.8 6.98 x 10-4 74.9

-

-

Figure 13.29

Figure 13.30 5.8 x lo-"

2.5 x lo-"

2.9 x lo-"

1.1 x 10-10 2.6 x lo-''

6.3 x lo-"

2.0 x lo-"

3.2 x lo-"

1 6 ~ 1.4 x 2.8 x

Mechanisms of diffusion 13-85 Table 13.4 CHEMICAL DIFFUSION COEFFICIENT MEASUREMENTS-continued

Pd

2.9 x 10-3

156.5 55.3 138.2 181.7 183.4

38.1 22.2

(E indep of conc.) 623-790 IIa(ii) 184

833-913 IIa(i) 185 673-807 IIa(i) 214

Permeation of H through Pd very much affected by sample history,

- contamination, etc See references 91-95

2 4 6 ~ 31.58

0.0195 46.47

3.3 x 15.07 1.9 x lo-' 48.5 1.5 x 10-3 47.73

971-1 023 1073-1 243 ;;;$\ } 99

102Cb1250 IIIa(i) 316 14S573 Combined 319

data, several sources

Sol soln (a Zircalloy 2 1 7 ~ 35.09 - 533-833 IIIa(i) 102

2 103-2 383 IIa(ii), p.c 307

773-1323 IIcand 108

IIIb(i)

2 088-2 403 IIa(ii), p.c 307

1873 1973 2073 2173 2273K

55.2 82 149 53.6 100 78.3 130

103.0 106.0 112.0 105.0

Extensive graphical data for B

as a function of the departure

d from stoichiometry for all six phases

13-88 DifisQn in metals

Table 13.4 CHEMICAL DIFFUSION COEFFICIENT MEAsUREMENTscontinued

8.6 x lo-'"

6.4-7.8 x lo-'' 1.1 x 10-9

1.3 x

at T=420"C 475°C 534°C inanits lo-" 6.1 25.0

l3\}

3.5 11.3 3.1 9.3 49.7 2.1 13.0 23.5

7.5 lnA=

2.25 x 10 -4.19

1O"d 2.79 9.26 28.2 58.4

-271 '.' -'o -262

- 247 -241 101'DMn lO"D,,

Mechanisms ofdtfision 13-89 Table 13.4 CHEMICAL DIFFUSION COEFFlcIENT MEASUREMENTS-continued

2.1 x 10-4

{ - -

-

4.48 2.41 0.64 0.48 0.30 0.17 0.14 0.08 0.05

218.6 191.3 165.0 161.2 142.4

441.3 438.4 430.0 422.0

-

DM.3

5.2 x lo-'' 1123 2.1 x 1223 5.0 x lo-' 1273 1.3 x lo-* 1323

2 273-2 773 IIa(i) 119

1923-2 108 IIa(ii)

2 108

1093-1718 IIc

0.035 0.2

20

1.1 x 10-2

2.4 x 10- 4.3 0.56 0.3

94.2 91.2 224.0 176.9

141.5 238.6 376.8

145.1

118.9 150.3

224 241.4 238.6

226.5

128.5 251.2

140.7

131.5 129.4 123.1 109.65

data, several

sources

1118-1 763 IIb(i) 122 1723-1 988 IIa(ii) 159

data, several sources

1673-2 473 IIIb(ii) 199 1273-2 073 IIIb(ii) 207 873-1 073 IIa(ii), p.c 308 773-973 IIa(ii), p.c 305

1 373-1 763 296-1823 Combined 121

data, several SOUTce8

Mechanisms of di-n 13-91 Table 1M CHEMICAL DIFFUSION COEFFICIENT M E A S U R E M E m o n t i n w d

1 0 ~ lo-' 351.7

1 5 6 ~ lo-' 360.1 1.25 x 364.3 2.0 x lo-' 373.6 3.16 x 385.2 4.4 x 10-2 3 9 3 4 5.6 x 397-7 1.24 x lo-' 414.5 2.5 x lo-' 293.1 2.5 x 263.8 3.2 x 238.6 3.8 x 10-3 209.3 3.8 x 167.5

8 1.45 22.2 1.97

1 4 ~ lo-' 7.4x 10-3

3 10-3 1.8 x 10-3

LOX 10-3

439.6 418.7 280.1 272.1 289.3 236.1 228.2

2 273-2 673 IIa(i) 119

332.9

- 196.8 -209.3 -255.4 301.4 -349.5 ]

-389.4 349.26

7.9 x 10-4

1.5 0.3'"'

2.5 2.5 2.3 2.3 1.9 2.5 2.4 2.3

1.9 2.2 1.8

131

104 58.7 35.0

1 173-1 573 } method 623-1 273 IIIb(ii), p.c 202

1 3 1 6 1 674 Ira@) 28 1223-1 573 IIa(i) 218

1393-1 573 IIa(ii) 112 1373-1 523 IIa(i), p.c 311

Mechanisms of difiswn 13-93

303.5 303.8 304.2 304.5 304.8 305.2 305.6 805.9 306.3 306.7

Table 13.4 CHEMICAL DIFFUSION COEFFICIENT MEAsUREMENTS-continued

2 500

0.287 11.1 0.86 2.24 2.16 2.11 2.07 2.04 2.01 1.98 1.95 1.94 1.92 1.90 1.89 1.05 x 103

x exp

A N *

8.3 x lo-, (-0.142CNJ

1373-1 573 IIa(ii) 41

1423-1 563 IIa(ii) 23 1373-1 573 IIa(ii) 41

1 2 x 1 0 - ' 90.9 3.0 x lo-' 96.7

IIa(ii) and

287

1 27S1573 IIa(ii) and IIc 306

1 2 7 f l 7 7 3 IIlc(i) 132 127S1773 IIJa(i) 132

.,

( 0 ) The 7 and 8 are two new phases observed during the diffusion experiments and not previously reported

b Arrhenius plots not always linear Q and A derived from measurements at higher temperatures

0 1 4 ~ 10-7 0.15 x 10-7 0.18 x 10-7 0.28 x 10-7

0 4 4 ~ 10-7 0.88 x 10-7 1.18 x 10-7 2.0x 10-7

i 2 ~ 7 ~ 10-7

7 x 10-1

1 x 10-2 1.5 x 1 0 - 3 2.5 10-4

9 x 10-5 5.89 x

0.1 11.1

A*,

8xlO-L 7.5

2 x 10-1 1.5 10-4 1.3 x

1.5 x

{ 3.1 x 2.5 x

63.6 74.9 78.7 83.7 86.2 184.2 144.4 119.3 98.4 77.5 83.7 226.1 272.1 188.4 205.2 167.5 121.4 242.8 174.6 181.7 174.2 391.5 255.4

QZ,

( 8 )

Probably a significant contribution to

973-1 073 IIa(ii) 192

} 189 973-1 123

QPU

184.2 1 Same T

range as 189 for D

175.8 113.0 117.2

-

3.10-4 6.9 x 10-4 0.07 2.38 10-3

1 1523 oTi=2.65 x 10-9 92.1

1373-1 573 IIa(ii) 1605-1 970 IIIa(ii), p.c 271

1073-1 273 IIc 109

13-96 Diffusion in metals

Table 13.4 CHEMICAL DIFFUSION COEFFICIENT MEASUREMENThonrinued

1 .o

AT,=1.8 Aw=0.17

11.10-3

i 4 X 10-3

i.6x 10-3 9.5 x 10-3 2.6 x 10-3 2.6 10-3 2.2 x 10-3 1.1 x 10-3 0.46 x 10-3 4.0 x IO-’

2.4 x 1.1 x 10-2 8.1 x lo-*

4.1 x 10-4

1.6 x 10-4 1.6 x lo2 4.8 x 10-2 0.8 8.2 2.69 1.7 x lo-’’

1.8 x lo-’

1.4 x lo-’

3.3 10-3

5 10-7 2.7 10-3 1.2 x 10-6 2.4 10-3 1.7 x 1.6 x 2.0 x 10-6 1.5 x 2.2 x 10-6 1.3 x

2.9 x 10-9 9.5 x 10-9 1273

5.8 x 2.2 x 1348 1.2 x 4.7 x 1223 4.1 x 1.6 x 1323

Qn= 167.5

-

173.3 165.8

-

197.6 199.3 203.9 206.8 203.5 186.2 153.2 139.8 123.9 191.3 212.7 261.7 295.2

261 49.4 167.9 164.5 146.5 65.7 142.8 71.6 140.7 74.1 136.5 18.0

134.8

75.4 131.9

IIa(i)

IIa(i)

IIa(i) IIa(i)

1 103-1 323

9 7 f l 3 2 3 1083-1 333 IIIb(ii)

1223-1 348 IIa(i)

149

138

D, and D,, 1123-1 313 IIa(i) 139 Figures 13.33 and 13.34

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13-100 Difision in metals

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203 Y Ebisuzaki, W J Kass and M O’Keefe, J chem Phys., 1968, 49, 3329

204 L R Velho and R W Bartlett, Met Trans., 1972,3, 65

205 R Ducros and P Le Groff, C r hebd S ~ Q ~ C , Acad Sei., Paris, 1968, 267C, 704

206 R Frauenfelder, J Vac Sci & Technol., 1969,6,388

207 R L Wagner, Metal Trans., 1970 1,3365

208 R Frauenfelder, J chem Phys., 1968, 48, 3966

209 L V Pavlinov and V H Bykov, Fir Met Metalloued., 1965,19,397

210 K La1 and V Levy, C r hefni S h A d Sei., Paris, 1966, %2C, 107

211 B S Wyatt and B B Argent, J less-eonunon Metals, 1966, 11, 259

212 V F Yerks, V F Zelensky and V S Krasnor~t~kiy, Physics Metals Merdlogr., N.Y, 1%6,22, 112

213 F Funamizu and K Watanabe, Trans Japan Inst Met., 1972,13, 218

214 A L Rafalski, M R Harvey and D H Ridenberg, Trans Quarterly, 1%7,60, 721

215 A E Lord and D N Beshers, Acta Met., 1966, 14, 1659

216 Th Hehenkamp, Acta Met., 1966, 14, 887

217 A Languille, Mem Scient Revue M h l l , 1971, 68, 435

218 I B Borovskiy, I D Marcbukova and Yu E Ugaste, Fiz Met Metalbwd., 1967,24,436

219 I B Borovskiy, I D Marchukova and Yu E Ugaste, Im Vyssh Uchebn Zaued Tsuetn Metall., 1977, 1,

220 K Fueki, K Ota and K Kishio, Bufi Chem Soe Jpn, 1978,51,3067

221 T Shimozaki and M Onishi, J Jap Inst Met 1978,42, 1083

222 V N Agafonov et al., Vestn Mosk Uniu Khim., 1975, 16, 121

223 A Gukelberger and S Steeb, Z J M e t d k , 1978,69,255

224 D Bergner and E Cyrener, Neue Huette, 1973,18,356

225 Y Iijima, 0 Taguchi and K I Hirano, Met Trans A., 1977, SA, 991

226 C P Heijwegen and G D Rieck, Acta Met., 1974, 22, 1269

227 P J M Van der Straten et al., Z Metallk., 1976, 67, 152

228 M Wilhelm, Z Naturforsch A., 1974, 29, 733

229 M Onishi and H Fujibuchi, Trans JQP Inst Met., 1975, 16, 539

230 Y Iijima, K Hoshino and K Hirano, Met Trans A,, 1977, SA, 997

231 K Nohara and K Hirano, J Jap Inst Met., 1973, 37, 51

232 Y Wakamatsu, K Samura and M Onishi, J Jap Inst Met., 1977,41, 664

233 Y Wakamatsu, M Onishi and H Miura, J Jap Inst Met., 1975,39, 903

234 B A Dainyak and V I Kostikov, Im Vyssh Uchebn Zaued, Chern Metall., 1976,11,15

235 E A Balakir et al., Izu Vyssh Uchebn Zaued Tswtn Mefalf., 1975,4,162

236 V N Pimenov, Y E Ugaste, K A Akkushkarova, Im Akad Nauk SSSR, 1977,1, 184

237 T Shimozaki and M Onishi, J Japan I# Met., 1978,42,402

238 P Lamparter, T Krabichler and S Steeb, Z M e t a l k 1973, 64, 720

239 A Brunch and S Steeb, Z Natu~msch A., 1974,29, 1319

240 A Brunch and S Steeb, High Temp High Press., 1974,6, 155

241 E C Schwegler, Intl J Mass Spec: Ion Physics, 1968,1,191

242 T Ustad and H Sorum, Phys Stat Sal., 1973, Azo, 285

243 J L Aubin, D Ansel and J Debuigne, J Less Conunon Metals, 1985,113,269

172

Mechanisms of dz@iision 13-101

244 R L Fogelson, Y A Ugai and A V Pokoev, Fiz Met Metalloued, 1972, 33, 1102

245 D R Campbell, K N Tu and R E Robinson, Acta Met., 1976,24,609

246 A Ya Shinyayev and N I Kopaleishvili, Fiz Met Metalloued., 1974,38,222

247 J Keinonen, J Raisanen and A Anttila Appd Physics A 1984,34, 49

248 D T Peterson, Trans A.I.M.E., 1961, 221, 924

249 F A Schmidt and 0 N Carlson, J Less C o r n Met., 1972,26, 241

250 D T Peterson and C C Hammerberg, J Less C o r n M e t , 1968,16,457

251 Y F Funamizu and K Watanabe, Trans Jap Inst Met., 1976, 17, 59

252 0 N Carlson, F A Schmidt and R R Lichtemberg, Met Trans., 1975, 6A, 725

253 J P Gomez, C Remy and D Calais, Mem Sei Reo MLtall., 1973, 70, 597

254 K Nishida, H Murohashi and T Yamamato, Trans Jap Inst Met., 1979,20,269

255 B I Bozic and R J Lucic, J Mat S c i , 1976, 11, 887

256 F I Bruni and J W Christian, Acta Met., 1973, 21, 385

257 A Green and N Swindells, Mat Sci and Techn., 1985,l 101

258 R Braun and M Feller-Kneipmeier, Phys Stat Solidi A , 1985, 90, 553

259 A D Romig and M J Cieslak, J Appd Phys., 1985, 58, 3425

260 N Sarafianos, Mat Sci and Eng., 1986,80,87

261 Y Iijima, K Hoshino, M Kikuchi and K Hirano, Trans Jap Inst Met., 1984, 25,234

262 K Hoshino, Y Iijima and K Hirano, Phil Mag A , 1981,44,961

263 R A Fouracra, Thin Solid Films, 1986,135, 189

264 A D Romig, S Appd Phys 1983, 54, 3172

265 I M Vandenberg, F J A Den Broeder and R A Hamm, Thin Solid Films, 1982,93 277

266 T Takahashi, M Kato, Y.Minamino, T Yamane, T Azukizawa, T Okamoto, M Shimada and M Agawa,

267 Th Heumann and T Rottwinkel, J Nuclear Mat., 1978,69170,567

268 Y Iijima, T Igarishi and K Hirano, 3 M a t Sci., 1979.14, 474

269 H Jehn and E Olzi, High Temp High Press., 1980, 12, 85

270 C Narayan and J I Goldstein, M e t Trans A, 1983, 14A 2437

271 R H Zee, J F Watters and R D Davidson, Phys Rev B, 1986,34,6895

272 A W Nichols and I P Jones J Phys Chem Solids, 1983,44671

273 Y Minamino T Yamane, A Shimomura, M Shimada, M Koizumi, N Ogawa, J Takahashi and H Kimura,

274 M Arita, M Nakamura, K S Goto and Y Ichinose, Trans J a p Inst Met., 1984,25, 703

275 M Yakota, M Nose and H Mitani, 3 Japan Inst Metals, 1980,44, 1007

276 M B Chamberlain, J Vac Sei Techn., 1979,16,339

277 Y Minamo, T Yamane, M Koizumi, M Shimada and N Ogawa, Zeit.J Metallk., 1982,73, 124

278 W Schatl, H.-J Ullrich, K Kleinstiick, S Dabritz, A Herenz, D Bergner and H Luck, Krist Tech., 1978,13,

279 C J Wen and R H Huggins, J Sol State Chem., 1980, 35, 376

280 F Lantelme and S Belaidouni, Electrochim Acta, 1981, 26, 1225

281 K Hoshino, Y I i j h a and K Hirano, Tmns Jap Inst Metals, 1981,22 527

282 I Richter and M Feller-Kniepmeier, Phys Stat Solidi A , 1981,68,289

283 J Hirvonen and J Raisanen J Appd Phys., 1982,53,3314

284 S Mei, H B Huntington, C K Hu and M J McBride, Scr Met., 1987, 21, 153

285 M Yokota, R Harada and M Mitani, 3 Japan Inst Metals, 1979, 43, 793 and 799

286 M Yamamoto, T Takashima and K Nishida, J Japan Inst Metals, 1979.43, 1196

287 D V Ignatov M S Modeo, L F Sokirianskii and A Y Shinyaev, Titanium Science and Technology IV, 1973

288 S Shankar and L L Seigle, Met Trans A , 1978.9, 1467

289, E I Balakir Vu P Zotov, E B Malysheva, V I Panchishnyi and V P Voevadin, Izu Vyssh Uchebn Zaved

290 L V Yelokhina and V I Shalayev, Phys Met Metallog., 1987.63, (5), 113

291 T Shimozaki, K Ito and M Onishi, Funs Jap Inst Metals, 1987,28.457

292 Y Chryssoulakis, F Lantelme, A Alexopoulou, S Kalogeropoulou and M Chemla, Electrochim Acta, 1987,

293 C J Wen, W Weppner, B A Baukamp and R A Huggins, M e t Trans E , 1980, 11, 131

294 M Arita, M Tanaka, K S Goto and M Someno, Met Trans A , 1981, 12, 497

295 J L Arnold and W C Hagel Met Trans., 1972,3, 1471

296 S J Buderov, W S Boshinov and P D Kovatchev, Krist Tech., 1980,15 K19

297 M Arita, M Ohyama, K S Goto and M Someno Zeic.J Metallk 1981,72, 244

298 W M Albrecht and M W Mallet., Trans AIME, 1958, 212, 204

299 Th Heumann and R Damkohler, 2 e i t f Metallk., 1978, 69, 364

300 M Wein L Eevin and S Nadiv, Phil Mag A , 1978,38, 81

301 L Le Gall, D Ansel and J Debuigne Acta Met 1987.35, 2297

302 S K Box and H J Grabke, Zeit J Metallk., 1978, 69, 8

303 G Salke and M Feller-Kniepmeier, J Appld Phys., 1978 49, 229

304 A Anttila, J Raisanen and J Keinonen, Appd Phys, Letters, 1983, 42, 498

305 A Anttila, J Raisanen and J Keinonen, J Less Common Met., 1984, 96, 257

306 R A Perkins, J Nuclear Mar 1977, 68,254

307 0 N Carlson, F A Schmidt and J C Sever, Met Trans., 1973, 4, 2407

13-102 D i j k i o n in metals

308 I Keinonen, J R5iiisiinen and A Anttila, Appd Physics A , 1984,35,227

309 P J Grundy and P J Nolan, J Mater Sci., 1972, 7, 1086

310 R Lappalainen and A Anttila, Appd Physics A, 1987,42,263

311 0 R Johnston, High Temp High Press., 1982, 14, 695

312 T Shimozaki, K Itoh and M Onishi, Pans Jap Inst Metals, 1986, 27, 160

313 T Yarnamoto, T Takashima and K Nishida, J Jap Inst Metals, 1980, 44, 294

314 F M Mazzolai and J Ryll-Nardzewski, J Less Common Metals, 1976,49, 323

315 I B Kim and I H Moon, J Corrosion Sei SOC Korea, 1972, 1, 51

316 Cr L Powell and J B Condon, Anal Chem., 1973,45,2349

317 M Y Lee, J Y Lee and S S Chung, J Korean Inst Met., 1977, 15,265

318 IC Hirano, Y Iijima, K Arab and H Hornma, Trans Iron Steel Inst Japan, 1977,17, 194

319 J VOM and G Alefeld, 'lbpics in Applied Physics (J Springer, Berlin), 1978, 28 Hydrogen in Metals, 321

75

Figure 13.9 The concentration dependences of 0

and d in Ag-Cd alloyszT1

Ag-25Cd diffusion wupleszgl

3

Mechanisms of d i ~ o n 13-103

Figure 13.11

AgZn alloys" Table 13.4

Chem'cal di$usion co@cients in

At %Zn

at % Zn

Figure 13.12 Concentration dependence of 0 ((I) and log 6, (b) in Ag-Zn a phase3'*

Dimion in metals

-'zk

Figure 13.13 Temperature dependence ofthe in-

T - ' / I O - ~ K - '

O I

Mechanisms of diffusion 13-105

A

Figure 13.16a Interdi&sion in b.c.c FeCo

Mechanisms of diffusion 13-107

T(K)

Figure 20

Sn in &phase CuSn alloys6'

Partial diffusion coefficients fur Cu and

Figore 13.23 Chemical and partial di$uswn

coefflients in a&-Zn system at 780"C6'

Figure 13.26 Chemical &@ion coeflcients in y-Fe

Mn alloys with 0.02 and 1.25 wt% C Temperafur,

Figore 13.29 Ckemieal di$Usion in a-Fe V 10%

alloy at 1, 20 and 24 kbar pressure

w‘

104

m

Figure 13.30 Chemical diffusion in y Fe V 0.7% alloy

at 1,20 and 40 kbar pre~sure’~

Figure 13.31 Chemical dflusion coeflcients in the Fe-Ni system’60

Figure 1332 Chemical d i f i i o n c&cients in the Ni-F't system'"

Fgnre 13.33 Partial difision c-ients Du and D,, in y U-Zr a I l 0 y ~ ~ ~ '

13-116 Diffwion in metals

At.%Zn

Figore 13.37 Chemical diflicsion in ECu-Zn alloysz5'

Table 13.5 GRAlN BOUNDARY SELF-DIFFUSION

Mechanisms of diJiiion &I 17 TSMC 13.5 GRAIN BOUNDARY SELF-DWFUSION-COttt~~d

23.1 f0.77

222k0.84

19.1 & 1.6 21.6&230 lSAf1.15

46.0

40.0

4aO 41.5

39.0 39.0 38.0 39f0.5 28.2k2.0 -29.9 4.ioko.84

26.0 f 1.5 40.7k1.1 44.9 * 4.4 36.8 92.0k2.0

120-220

370-548 385-568 280-390 275-380 253-401

1 000-1350 580-660

530-650

923-1 016 949-1 159

501482 918-1 014

(100) 14" tilt bs b'dy

(100) 10" tilt b.c b'dy (100) 10" m& be, b'dy

99.999% edge dishations in bent LC'S

Values of Agb, and to a lesser extent of Qgbi depend on the mathematical methods used to analyse the results:

(F) indicates results calculated from Fishers solution of ab difhrsion;

(W) indicates results calculated from Whipple's solution of g.b diffusion:

(S) indicates results calculated from Suzuoka's solution;

(

(Dp) signifies that refers dislocation pipe diffusion-see references 2 and 27

pc = polycrystals b.c = bicrystals S.C = single crystal

indicates the results am reported calculated from more than one solution, in addition to the one listed :

13-1 18 Difisioii in metals

REFERENCES TO TABLE 13.5

1 R E Hoffman and D Turnbull, J appl Phys., 1951,U, 634

2 D Turnbull and R E Hoffman, Acta metall., 1954, 2, 419

3 G Love and P G Shewmon, ibid., 1963, 11, 899

4 R E Hoffman, ibid., 1956, 4, 97

5 E S Wajda, ibid., 1954, 2, 184

6 F Voigtmann, Thesis, Dresden, 1961

7 E S Wajda, G A Shim and H B Huntington, Acta metall., 1955, 3, 39

8 W Lange and D Bergner, Phys Stat Sol., 1962, 2, 1410

9 B Okkerse, Acta metall., 1954, 2, 551

10 B Okkerse T J Tiedema and W G Burgers, ibid., 1955, 3, 300

11 S Z Bokstein, S T Kishkin and L M Moroz, UNESCO Int Conf: Rad Isotopes and Sei Res., 1957, Pap

12 C Leymonie and P Lacombe, M h , scient Revue Mitall., 1960,57, 285

13 P Guiraldenq and P Lacombe, Acta metall., 1965, 13, 51

14 S D Gerzricken, T K Yatsenko and L Slastnikov, Vaprosyfiziki metallou i metallouedeniva, Kiev, 1959, 9,

15 W Lange, A Hassner and G Mischer, Phys Stat Sol., 1964, 5, 63

16 W R Upthegrove and M J Sinnott, Trans Am SOC Metals, 1958, 50, 1031

17 J T Robinson and N L Peterson, Surf: ScL, 1972,31, 586

18 F Guenther, A Haessner and L Oppermann, Isotopenpraxis, 1969, 5, 461

19 R N Goshtagore, Phys Rev., 1967, 155, 603

20 A Haessner and G Voigt, 2 Metallk., 1968, 59, 559

21 K G Kreider and G Bruggeman, Trans Met Soe AIME, 1967, 239, 1222

22 G B Federov, E A Smirnov and S S Moiseenko, Met Metdloved Chist, Metall., 1968, No 1, 124

23 G B Federov and E A Smirnov, Met Metalbued Chist Metallov, 1967, No 6, 181

24 R F Cannon and J P Stark, J appl Phys., 1969, 40,4366

25 J P Stark and W R Upthegrove, Trans ASM, 1966,59, 479

26 D W James and G M Leak, Phil Mag., 1965, 12, 491

27 M Wuttig and H K Birnbaum Phys Rev., 1966, 147, 495

28 R F Cannon and J P Stark, J appl Phys., 1969,40,4361

29 D Gupta, J appl Phys., 1973,44,4455

30 D Gupton and K K Kim, J appl Phys., 1980,51,2066

323473 1413-1 543 IIIb(ii), Capillary 723-893 703-893 603-773 213-567 603-783

24&525

292 - 556

304474 443-1 023 623-1 073 540-956 628-1 925

5434 048

623-783 540-980

IIIb(ii) Capillary IVa(i), Capillary IVa(i), Capillary IIa(ii), Capillary Electrotransport method IIa(ii), Capillary Calculated IIIb(ii), Capillary

6 IIIb(ii), Capillary IIIb(ii), Capillary IIIb(ii), Capillary IIIa(i), Capillary IIIb(ii), Capillary IIa(ii), shear cell IIa(i), Capillary IIa(i) Shear cell IIIb(ii), Capillary IIIb(ii), Capillary IIa(ii), Capillary IIa(ii), Shear cell IIa(ii), Capillary IIIb(ii), Capillary IIIb(ii), capillary

Mechanisms of &&ion 13-119

REFERENCES TO TABLE 13.6

1 A Ott and A Lodding, Z Naturforsch., 1965, uh, 1578

2 S J Larsson, C Roxbergh and A Lodding, Phys Chem Liquids, 1972, 3, 137

3 A Nordh and A Lodding, Z Naturforsch, 1968,220,215

4 A Lodding, Z Naturforsch., 1972,27a, 873

5 J Henderson and L Young, Trans met Soc AIME, 1961,221, 7 2

6 V G Leak and R A Swalin, Trans met Soc AIME, 1964, 230,426

7 N H Nachtrieb, E Fmga and C Wahl, J phys Ckm., 1963,67,2353

8 W L a n e W Pippel and F Jbdel, Z phys Chem, 1959,212,238

9 M Mirshamshi, A Cosgarca and W Upthegrove, Trans, metal! SOL, AIME, 1966, 236, 122

10 E F Broome and H A Walls, Trans Met Soc AIME, 1968,242, 2177

11 R E Meyer, J phys Chem., 1961, 65, 567

12 S Larsson et al., 2 Naturforsch., 1970, 25a, 1472

13 E F Broome and H A Walls, Trans Met SOC AIME, 1969, 245, 739

14 A Lodding, Z Naturjbrsch., 1956, lla, 200

15 N Petrescu and L Ganovici, Rev Roum de Chim., 1976, 21, 1293

16 A Bruson and M Gerl, Phys Rev B, 1980,21, 5447 and J de Phys., 1980,41,533

17 U Sdervall, H Odelius, A Lodding, G Frohberg K.-H Kratz and H Wever, P m c ‘SIMS V’ Conference,

18 N Petrescu and M Petrescu, Reuue Roum Chim., 1970, 15, 189

19 L Yang, M T S i n a d and G Derge, Trans Met Soe AIME, 1956,206,1577

20 L Nicoloiu, L Ganovici and I Ganovici, Rev Roum Chim., 1970,15, 1713

21 G Careri, A Paoletti and M Vincentini, N m Cimen., 1958,10, 1088

22 M Hseih and R A Swalin, Acta Met., 1974,22,219

23 I Ganovici and L Ganovici, Rev Roum de Chim., 1970, 15,213

24 M Shimoji and T Itami, Atomic Transport in Liquid Metals Diflusion and Defect Data, 1986, 43, 1

Washington D.G 1985

General physical properties

141 The physical properties of pure metals

available, and are sufficiently accurate for most purposes The reader should, however, consult the

TsMe 14.1 THE PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF PORE METALS AT NORMAL TEMPERATURES

conducti- specijic coeff: of

Melting Boiling Density CL100"C 0-100"C Resistivity vity expansion point point nt2O"C Wm-' Jkg-' at20"C 0-100"C 0-100"C

p6.186

75.97 11.68 0.534 9.842 1.74 7.4

238 23.8

-

194

9

103 36.1(s) 11.9 91.3

96

397 10.0 9.6

125

8.8

4 I .O(s)

56.4 315.5 22.9

-

80.0 146.9 78.2 13.8

34.9 76.1 155.5 7.8

$Densities of higher allotropes not at XI'C

f IM5ned fixed point at IlS-90-s~~ Chapter 16