BUILDING BROADBAND NETWORKS phần 1 doc

Distinguishingcharacteristics of wireless networking technologies and configurations such as Blue-tooth and IEEE 802.11b Ethernet WLANs Wireless Local Area Networks in technolo-0889FMFra

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BUILDING BROADBAND

NETWORKS

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CRC PR E S S

Boca Raton London New York Washington, D.C

Marlyn Kemper Littman, Ph.D.

Graduate School of Computer and Information Sciences

Nova Southeastern University Fort Lauderdale, Florida

BUILDING BROADBAND

NETWORKS

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This book contains information obtained from authentic and highly regarded sources Reprinted material

is quoted with permission, and sources are indicated A wide variety of references are listed Reasonable efforts have been made to publish reliable data and information, but the author and the publisher cannot assume responsibility for the validity of all materials or for the consequences of their use.

Neither this book nor any part may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic

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Visit the CRC Press Web site at www.crcpress.com

No claim to original U.S Government works International Standard Book Number 0-8493-0889-5 Library of Congress Card Number 2002017495 Printed in the United States of America 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0

Printed on acid-free paper

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Littman, Marlyn Kemper.

Building broadband networks/

Marlyn Kemper Littman.

p cm.

Includes bibliographical references and index.

ISBN 0-8493-0889-5 (alk paper)

1 Broadband communication systems 2 Distance education Communication systems I Title.

TK5103.4 L58 2002 004.67'8 dc21

2002017495

0889FMFrame Page 4 Monday, April 22, 2002 11:21 AM

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For my husband Rabbi Lewis Littman, D.D.,

for making every day special

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Accelerating demand for extendible, dependable, and scalable speed, performance networks with vast transmission capacities and potentially unlimitedbandwidth contributes to the present-day popularity of broadband communicationstechnologies Building Broadband Networks is a comprehensive examination ofrecent developments and innovations in this dynamic field of study

high-The text provides a foundation for understanding distinctive attributes and tions of broadband technologies and the support of these technologies in enablingdevelopment of high-performance, high-capacity, and high-speed networking con-figurations Technical features and functions, standards activities, and approachesfor enabling effective broadband network deployment are described Practical con-siderations for building broadband networks that are extendible, flexible, available,scalable, and reliable are presented Representative broadband tele-education initi-atives that enable students and lifelong learners to participate in virtual classes,telecourses, and teleprograms, regardless of geographic location, are highlighted.National and international research and education networks that provision a diverse andpowerful mix of broadband services are highlighted Wireless solutions that supportfast Web connectivity at any time and from any place are indicated Advanced broadbandnetwork applications such as digital libraries and information grids are described.Capabilities of undersea networks and powerline configurations are explored

func-Building Broadband Networks is written from a contemporary perspective.Emphasis is placed on exploring the distinctive characteristics of broadband tech-nologies, architectures, and services and current and next-generation networkingimplementations in present-day environments

This book begins with an examination of ISDN (Integrated Services DigitalNetwork) and ATM (Asynchronous Transfer Mode) technologies Optical networksolutions based on SONET/SDH (Synchronous Optical Network and SynchronousDigital Hierarchy), WDM (Wavelength Division Multiplexing), and DWDM (DenseWDM) technologies are then described

The text continues with an exploration of Ethernet, Fast Ethernet, Gigabit net, and 10 Gigabit Ethernet operations and services Features and functions ofFrame Relay and Fibre Channel networks are introduced Distinctive attributes ofDSL (Digital Subscriber Line) solutions and wireline and wireless cable networks

Ether-in the residential broadband access arena are then delEther-ineated

Capabilities of second- and third-generation cellular communications gies, such as GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications) and UMTS (Uni-versal Mobile Telecommunications Systems) in provisioning access to communica-tions resources at any time and from any place, are reviewed Distinguishingcharacteristics of wireless networking technologies and configurations such as Blue-tooth and IEEE 802.11b Ethernet WLANs (Wireless Local Area Networks) in

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enabling multimedia applications in research and actual environments are described.

An examination of satellite technologies and a description of broadband satellitenetwork implementations are presented Next-generation high-speed, high-perfor-mance network configurations such as Internet2 (I2) and GÉANT, the next-genera-tion pan-European network, are explored as well The text concludes with an explo-ration of network security problems and solutions

Demand for fast, reliable, and secure access to bandwidth-intensive Webresources contributes to the development and implementation of a remarkable array

of broadband networks and media-rich network applications and services AlthoughInternet addresses are subject to change, the Web remains a good source for moni-toring developments in network technologies that are examined in this book As aconsequence, pointers to selected Web sites are provisioned at the conclusion ofeach chapter An online component to this text at http://www.scis.nova.edu/~marlynprovides links to relevant Web sites, as they become available Broadband networkscapable of transmitting voice, video, data, and still-image traffic across localities,cities, regions, and continents are being implemented at an unprecedented rate There

is an expanding range of innovative options in the broadband network arena A flood

of specialized acronyms accompanies the rapid emergence of these technologies andconfigurations

The process of building and deploying broadband communications networks istechnically complicated There is no single solution Decisions are dependent uponmultiple factors such as the mission, goals, and objectives of the sponsoring entity;capabilities of the in-place infrastructure; and application, security, and performancerequirements

Building Broadband Networks is about the mortar and bricks out of whichbroadband networks are built My goal in writing this book is to provide a practicalyet detailed explanation of major technologies, standards, applications, and solutions

in the broadband network arena The subject itself is complex Sufficient technicaldetail and technical clarity are provided to remove the confusion and mysterysurrounding the topic Important broadband initiatives are described to providereaders with an understanding of practical implementations that distinguish thisrapidly expanding field

There are numerous networking configurations in use, each with distinctiveperformance characteristics, advantages, and limitations Complex technologicaladvancements, the remarkable increase in network capacity, the multiplicity ofnetworking applications, and pressures to improve the quality and reliability ofnetwork services underscore the importance of developing and implementing effec-tive broadband networking solutions

Basic communications technologies, architectures, and protocols are examined

in introductory undergraduate and graduate textbooks in the field of cations and computer networks However, there remains a need for a text in theacademic arena that examines the distinctive attributes of high-performance broad-band communications technologies and focuses specifically on current and next-generation wireless and/or wireline network implementations in real-world andresearch environments This book accomplishes these objectives

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Building Broadband Networks is designed for senior undergraduate students andgraduate students in the fields of education, information systems, and informationscience It can also be used by faculty, corporate, and academic administrators andmanagers, network planners and consultants, information systems specialists, andlibrarians who want to learn more about the capabilities of broadband communica-tions technologies and current and next-generation networking initiatives This bookcan be readily employed as a textbook for advanced undergraduate and graduatecourses in telecommunications and computer networks.

Material in this book has been examined in doctoral courses in tions and computer networks taught by this author at the Graduate School of Com-puter and Information Sciences at Nova Southeastern University over the past 15years

telecommunica-Communications services, products, equipment, and solutions available fromvendors, NSPs (Network Service Providers), and communications carriers men-tioned in this text illustrate the features, functions, and capabilities of the technol-ogies that are described This information should not be interpreted as any kind ofendorsement

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The Author

Marlyn Kemper Littman, Ph.D., is a Professor at the Graduate School of Computerand Information Sciences at Nova Southeastern University Dr Littman teachesdoctoral courses and mentors doctoral candidates in the field of telecommunicationsand computer networks Dr Littman is the author of numerous professional publi-cations in the telecommunications and computer network arena, beginning with thepublication of her book entitled Networking: Choosing a LAN Path to Interconnec- tion in 1987

Marlyn Kemper Littman holds a Ph.D with a specialization in tions and computer networks from the Graduate School of Computer and InformationSciences at Nova Southeastern University, an M.A in Anthropology from TempleUniversity, and an M.S in Information Science from the University of South Florida

telecommunica-Dr Littman is a member of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineering(IEEE), the Association for Computing Machinery (ACM), and the Phi Kappa PhiNational Honor Society

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I especially wish to thank Dr Edward Lieblein, my Dean at the Graduate School ofComputer and Information Sciences (GSCIS), Nova Southeastern University, for hisvaluable contributions; and Dr David S Metcalf, II, for his outstanding technicalillustrations throughout the text I also wish to express my appreciation to Dr.Gertrude Abramson, Dr Maxine Cohen, and Dr Laurie Dringus, my colleagues atGSCIS, for their helpful suggestions I am grateful to Dr Jane Anne Hannigan,Professor Emerita at Columbia University, and Dean Kay Vandergrift, Director ofDistance Education and Professor at the School of Communications, Informationand Library Studies, Rutgers University for their mentorship

I am indebted to Rich O’Hanley, President of Auerbach Publications, and GeraldPapke, Editor at CRC Press, for their constructive comments and enthusiastic supportthroughout the publication process I also wish to acknowledge Gerry Jaffe, ProjectEditor, and Helena Redshaw, Supervisor of Editorial Project Development at CRCPress, for their diligent work on the book’s production

This book is dedicated with all my love to my husband Lew for his extraordinaryencouragement and remarkable patience during the seemingly endless days I spent onthe Web immersed in broadband technologies, services, applications, and initiatives

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Union-Telecommunications Standards Sector (ITU-T)

1.12.3 Initialization Simplification Initiative (ISI)

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1.13 ISDN Marketplace

B-ISDN (Broadband-ISDN) Installations

Network (TEN-Telecom) Program

of Processes (ASTEP)

in the Framework of Natura (DART)

Network Information Concerted Action (HARMONICA)

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(EC-TAP) Telemedicine Projects

(EUROPATH)

Initiatives

Telematics (AGORA)

of User-Friendly Applications in Telematics (AQUARIUS)

and Breeding Products (AGRELMA)

Services (EC-ACTS) Program

for Low-Bit Rate Variable Bandwidth Real-Time Videocommunications (SCALAR)

User Trials3

Chapter 2 Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) Networks

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2.3 ATM Foundations

Multimedia in the Eastern Mediterranean Region (Q-MED) Project

(Permanent Virtual Circuits)

(EC-IST) Program IPv6 Initiative (6INIT)

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2.9.4 IPv6 Research and Education Network (6REN)

Operations

Satellite) ATM Internetwork (AAI)

Internetwork Consortium-Phase I) and Magic-II (MAGIC-Phase II)

(CAIRN)

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2.17.2 vBNS+ Operations

(CoBROW) and Collaborative Browsing in the WorldwideWeb/Deployment of the Service (CoBROW/D)

Telemedicine Initiatives

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2.24.1 Hand Assessment and Treatment System (HATS)

Services (EC-ACTS) Program

for Convergence and Integration (ITHACI)

Chapter 3 Optical Network Solutions

OC (Optical Carrier) Levels

Optical Carrier (OC) Levels

and Network and Services Integration Forum (NSIF)

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3.10 Advanced Technology Demonstration Network (ATDNet)

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3.20 DARPA Broadband Information Technology (BIT) and

Next-Generation Internet (NGI) Programs

(BoSSNET)

the MONET Consortium (MONETC)

(NTON, Phase II) and the NTON Consortium (NTONC)

Coast Team

(Dense WDM) University Initiatives

Service (EC-ACTS) Program

Network Access Facilities in Realistic TelecommunicationsEnvironments (BONAPARTE)

Far East, Phase 3 (SAT-3/WASC/SAFE)

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3.25.8 Telecom New Zealand, Optus, Southern Cross Cables, and

WorldCom

Chapter 4 Ethernet Networks

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4.10.6 1000BASE-2

(IP Next-Generation) Working Group

4.15.2 IEEE 802.1p and IEEE 802.1Q Operations

4.16 Gigabit Ethernet and Fibre Channel

4.17 Gigabit Ethernet and ATM

4.17.1 Gigabit Ethernet Packets and ATM Cells

ATM Quality of Service (QoS) Guarantees

(LAN Emulations)4.17.4 Gigabit Ethernet versus ATM

4.18 Gigabit Ethernet Marketplace

4.18.1 Cisco Systems

4.19 Gigabit Ethernet Implementation Considerations

4.20 10 Gigabit Ethernet

4.20.1 10 Gigabit Ethernet Technical Fundamentals

4.20.2 10 Gigabit Ethernet Operations

and Activities

4.21.1 10 Gigabit Ethernet Alliance (10GEA)

4.21.2 IEEE P802.3a 10 Gigabit Ethernet Task Force

4.21.3 IEEE 802.ah Ethernet First Mile Task Force

4.22 10 Gigabit Ethernet Solutions

4.22.1 10 Gigabit Optical Ethernet in Action

4.23 10 Gigabit Ethernet Marketplace

4.23.1 Cisco Systems

4.23.2 Cogent Communications

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4.23.3 Extreme Networks

4.23.4 Lucent Technologies

4.23.5 Nortel Networks

4.23.6 Teleson Communications

4.24 Wireless Ethernet Solutions

4.25 Ethernet Home Phoneline Networks

4.25.1 Home Phoneline Network Fundamentals

4.25.2 HomePNA Specifications

4.25.3 HomePNA Installations

4.25.4 Home Phoneline Network Alliance (HomePNA)4.25.5 Home Phoneline Marketplace

4.25.6 Additional Home Networking Options

4.26 U.S Tele-Education Initiatives

4.28 U.S E-Government (Electronic Government) Initiatives

Agency (DISA)4.28.2 California

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4.30 International Telemedicine Projects

4.30.1 Japan

4.30.2 United Kingdom

4.31 Ethernet Planning Guidelines

4.32 Summary

4.33 Selected Web Sites

Chapter 5 Frame Relay (FR) and Fibre Channel (FC) Technologies5.1 Chapter Overview

5.2 Frame Relay (FR) Introduction

5.3 Frame Relay Foundations

5.3.1 Frame Relay and X.25 Technology

Digital Network)5.4 Frame Relay Forum

5.5 Frame Relay Technical Fundamentals

5.6 Frame Relay Operations

5.7 Frame Relay Technical Fundamentals

5.7.1 Frame Relay Transmission

5.7.2 Voice-over-Frame Relay Service

Circuits (SVCs)5.7.4 Frame Relay Encapsulation

5.7.5 Frame Relay Congestion Methods and Techniques5.7.6 Committed Information Rate (CIR)

5.7.7 Frame Relay Devices

5.8 Frame Relay Virtual Private Networks (VPNs)

5.8.1 Frame Relay Virtual Private Network (VPN) Operations5.8.2 VPN Security

5.8.3 Frame Relay Tunneling Operations

5.8.4 Frame Relay VPN Merits and Constraints

5.9 Frame Relay Interworking Implementation Agreements (IAs)5.9.1 Frame Relay and Internet Protocol (IP)

Network and Synchronous Digital Hierarchy)5.9.3 Frame Relay and Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM)5.9.4 Frame Relay and Digital Subscriber Line (DSL)

5.10 Wireless Frame Relay Solutions

5.11 Frame Relay Marketplace

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5.14 U.S Government Frame Relay Initiatives

5.14.1 General Service Administration (GSA)

5.15 U.S Armed Forces Frame Relay Initiative

5.15.1 U.S Army Recruiting Command (USAREC)5.16 U.S State and Local E-Government Frame Relay Initiatives5.16.1 California

5.18 U.S Government Telemedicine Initiatives

5.18.1 Veterans Health Administration (VHA)

5.19 International Frame Relay Communications Providers5.19.1 Argentina

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5.19.5 Israel

5.19.6 Latvia

5.19.7 Mexico

5.19.8 Russia

5.20 Frame Relay Implementation Considerations

5.21 Frame Relay Summary

5.22 Fibre Channel (FC) Introduction

5.23 Fibre Channel Foundations

5.24 Fibre Channel Standards Organizations and Activities

5.24.1 American National Standards Institute (ANSI)5.24.2 Fibre Channel Association (FCA)

5.24.3 Fibre Channel Consortium (FCC)

(FCIA-Europe) 5.24.5 International Standards Organization (ISO)

5.25 Fibre Channel Technical Fundamentals

5.25.1 Fibre Channel Transmission

5.25.2 Fibre Channel Services

5.26 Fibre Channel Arbitrated Loop (FC-AL)

5.27 Fibre Channel Operations

5.27.1 Fibre Channel Network Components

5.27.2 Fibre Channel Classes of Service (CoSs)

5.28 Fibre Channel and Small Computer Systems Interface (SCSI)5.29 Fibre Channel and IP (Internet Protocol)

5.30 Fibre Channel (FC) Network Management Operations

5.31 Fibre Channel (FC) Storage Area Networks (SANs)

5.32.1 Raid Advisory Committee

5.33 Competitor Fibre Channel Solutions

5.33.1 EtherStorage

Gigabit System Network (GSN)5.33.3 InfiniBand Architecture

5.33.4 Network Attached Storage (NAS)

5.33.5 Serial Storage Architecture (SSA)

5.33.6 SIO (Serial Input/Output) Solutions

5.34 Fibre Channel Implementation Considerations

5.35 Fibre Channel Summary

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Chapter 6 Digital Subscriber Line (DSL) and Powerline Networks6.1 Introduction

6.2 Purpose

6.3 DSL Foundations

6.4 The Local Loop

6.4.1 Local Loop Unbundling

6.4.2 U.S Federal Communications Commission (FCC)6.4.3 Deregulation and DSL Solutions

6.7.3 DSL Access Multiplexers (DSLAMs)

6.7.4 POTS (Plain Old Telephone Service) Splitter

6.7.5 ADSL Transmission Fundamentals

6.7.6 ADSL and ATM

6.7.7 ADSL Standards Organizations and Activities

6.7.8 U.S ADSL Trials and Implementations

6.7.9 International ADSL Trials and Vendor Implementations6.7.10 ADSL Implementation Considerations

6.8 ADSL.LITE

6.8.1 ADSL.Lite Overview

6.8.2 ADSL.Lite Transmission Fundamentals

6.8.3 ADSL.Lite Standards Organizations and Activities6.8.4 U.S ADSL.Lite Trials and Implementations

6.8.5 International ADSL.Lite Trials and Implementations6.9 Consumer DSL (CDSL)

6.9.1 Consumer DSL (CDSL) Features and Functions6.10 Rate-Adaptive ADSL (RADSL)

6.10.1 RADSL Features and Functions

(HDSL2)

6.11.1 High-Bit Rate DSL, Phase 1 (HDSL1)

6.11.2 High-Bit Rate DSL, Phase 2 (HDSL2)

6.12 Symmetric High-Bit Rate DSL (SHDSL)

6.12.1 SHDSL Features and Functions

6.12.2 SHDSL Operations

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6.14.4 Asymmetric VDSL and Symmetric VDSL

6.14.5 VDSL Standards Organizations and Activities

6.14.6 VDSL Trials and Implementations

6.15 ISDN DSL (IDSL)

6.15.1 IDSL Capabilities

6.15.2 IDSL and ISDN Parallels and Contrasts

6.16 Advanced DSL Trials and Vendor Initiatives

6.16.1 Aware

6.16.2 Newbridge Networks

6.16.3 Nortel Networks’ 1-MEG Modem Solutions

and Service (EC-ACTS) Program

6.22 Competing Residential Access Solutions

6.22.1 Cable Modem Technology

6.22.2 WDSL (Wireless DSL)

6.23 DSL Summary

6.25 Powerline Network Foundations

6.25.1 Telecommunications Act of 1996

6.26 Powerline Network Technical Features and Functions

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6.27 Powerline Health and Safety Issues

6.27.1 Federal Communications Commission (FCC)

6.27.2 United Kingdom (U.K.) Radiocommunications Agency6.28 Powerline Standards Organizations and Activities

6.28.1 CEBus (Consumer Electronic Bus) Specification

Networking Committee (HNC)6.28.3 European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI)6.28.4 HomePlug Powerline Alliance

6.28.5 International Powerline Communications Forum (IPCF)6.28.6 PLCforum

6.29 National Powerline Networking Trials and Vendor Implementations6.29.1 Adaptive Networks

6.29.11 Florida Power and Light Company (FP&L00

6.29.12 Inari

6.29.13 Intellon

6.29.14 Lower Colorado River Authority

6.29.15 Newbridge Networks

6.29.16 Nor.Web DPL (Digital Powerline) Solutions

Communications6.30 International Powerline Implementations

6.33 Powerline Network Implementation Considerations

6.34 Powerline Network Summary

Chapter 7 Cable Networks

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7.4 Telecommunications Act of 1996

7.5 Cable Network Technical Fundamentals

7.5.1 Cable Modem Features and Functions

(Asynchronous Transfer Mode) Technologies 7.5.4 Cable Modem Termination System (CMTS)

7.5.5 Headend Equipment

7.5.6 Cable Network Operations

7.6 Wireline Cable Network Transmission

7.6.1 Cable Network Transmission Fundamentals

7.6.2 Hybrid Optical Fiber Coaxial Cable (HFC) Infrastructure7.7 Cable Network Protocols

Frequency-Division Multiple Access (FDMA)7.7.2 Code-Division Multiple Access (CDMA)

Amplitude Modulation7.7.4 Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiple Access

(V-OFDM)7.8 Cable Network Architecture

7.9 CableLabs (Cable Television Laboratories)

7.9.1 Background

7.9.2 Cable Television Laboratories (CableLabs) Overview

(DOCSIS)7.9.4 CableLabs PacketCable Initiative

7.9.5 CableLabs Go2Broadband Service

7.9.6 CableLabs CableHome Initiative

7.9.7 Certification of Cable Products

7.9.8 OpenCable Specification

7.10 U.S Digital Television (DTV) Operations

7.10.1 Digital Television (DTV) Fundamentals

7.10.2 U.S Federal Communications Commission (FCC)

7.11 European Cable Television Laboratories (Euro Cable Labs)

7.11.1 EuroCable Labs Overview

7.11.2 EuroCableLabs Initiatives

7.11.3 EuroDOCSIS

7.11.4 EuroModem Specification

7.11.5 EuroBox Specification

7.11.6 Digital AudioVisual Council (DAVIC)

Council (DVB/DAVIC) Consortium7.11.8 Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB) Project

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7.11.9 DVB Multimedia Home Platform (MHP) Group

7.11.10 EuroCableLabs and CableLabs: Parallels and Contrasts7.12 Standards Organizations and Activities

7.12.1 Cable Broadband Forum

Home Networks Specifications

Union-Telecommunications Standards Sector (ITU-T)7.12.4 Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF)

7.12.5 Moving Picture Experts Group (MPEG)

7.12.6 National Cable Television Association (NCTA)

7.12.7 Wireless Communications Association (WCA)

7.12.8 Worldwide Web Consortium (W3C)

7.13 Cable Network Marketplace

7.13.1 AtHome (@Home) Network

7.13.2 AT&T MediaOne

Communications, and NTL7.14 Wireline Cable Competitor Solutions

7.15 Wireline Cable Network Implementation Considerations

7.16 Wireless Cable Networks

7.16.1 Features and Functions

7.16.2 Installations

7.16.3 Operations

7.16.4 Wireless Cable Services

7.17 Multichannel Distribution System (MDS)

7.17.1 MDS in Action

7.18 Instructional Television Fixed Service (ITFS)

Multipoint Distribution System (LMDS)

7.21 Local Multipoint Distribution System (LMDS)

7.21.1 LMDS Features and Functions

7.21.2 LMDS Operations

7.21.3 LMDS Implementation Considerations

Auctions7.21.5 LMDS Vendor Initiatives

7.22 Multipoint Communications Systems (MCS)

7.22.1 MCS Features and Functions

Tiêu đề	Building Broadband Networks
Tác giả	Marlyn Kemper Littman
Trường học	Nova Southeastern University
Chuyên ngành	Computer and Information Sciences
Thể loại	Sách tham khảo (reference book)
Năm xuất bản	2002
Thành phố	Fort Lauderdale

Định dạng
Số trang	60
Dung lượng	10,73 MB