In Passage 2, lines 35–36, why does Lincoln say there is less occasion for an extended address?. In Passage 2, whom does Lincoln blame for the war.. Questions 23–25 are based on the foll
Trang 118 Lincoln’s tone in the last paragraph of Passage 1
(lines 19–34) is
a conciliatory
b hostile
c grandiose
d humble
e firm
19 In Passage 2, lines 35–36, why does Lincoln say
there is less occasion for an extended address?
a The war is going well.
b There is no time to speak at length.
c There is little interest in his speech.
d He doesn’t know what else to say.
e Everyone already knows his position.
20 In line 44, in referring to insurgent agents,
Lincoln means
a foreign soldiers
b foreign spies
c secessionists
d southern spies
e slave traders
21 In Passage 2, whom does Lincoln blame for the
war?
a the North
b the South
c both sides
d neither side
e himself
22 In line 52, the word it in the phrase the territorial
enlargement of it refers to
a territory
b slavery
c interest
d government
e the Union
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5658 SAT2006[03](fin).qx 11/21/05 6:42 PM Page 32
Trang 223 The passage is most likely an introduction to
which of the following?
a a discussion of the global impact of the Great
Depression
b an account of the causes and effects of the
Great Depression
c a proposal for changes in how the government
handles economic crises
d a history of unemployment in the United
States
e a comparison of economic conditions in the
1930s and that of today
24 The author cites the emergence of “Hoovervilles”
(line 5) as an example of
a federally sponsored housing programs
b the resilience of Americans who lost their
jobs, savings, and homes
c the government’s unwillingness to assist
citi-zens in desperate circumstances
d a new kind of social program introduced by
the government
e the effectiveness of the Hoover administration
in dealing with the crisis
25 In line 7, coupled most nearly means
a eloped
b allied
c centralized
d combined
e associated
Paragraph-Length Critical Reading
The passages below are followed by several questions about their content Read each passage carefully and answer the questions based on what is stated or implied in the text
Questions 23–25 are based on the following passage about the Great Depression.
The worst and longest economic crisis in the modern industrial world, the Great Depression in the United States had devastating consequences for American society At its worst (1932–1933), more than 16 million people were unemployed, more than 5,000 banks had closed, and over 85,000 businesses had failed Millions of Americans lost their jobs, their savings, and even their homes The homeless built shacks for temporary shelter—these emerging shantytowns were nicknamed “Hoovervilles,” a bitter homage to President Herbert Hoover, who refused to give government assistance to the jobless Farmers were hit espe-cially hard A severe drought coupled with the economic crisis ruined small farms throughout the Great Plains as productive farmland turned to dust and crop prices dropped by 50% The effects of the Ameri-can depression—severe unemployment rates and a sharp drop in the production and sales of goods—could also be felt abroad, where many European nations were still struggling to recover from World War I
Line (5)
(10)
Trang 326 What is the best synonym for immobilizes as it is
used in line 2?
a movement
b dislocates
c daunts
d sensitizes
e incapacitates
27 The final sentence of the passage (lines 5–6)
serves primarily to
a explain how medicines are derived from snake
venom
b show how evolutionarily advanced snakes are
c provide evidence to support the statement
made in the previous sentence
d suggest that Brazilian snakes have more
cura-tive venom than other snakes
e introduce the idea that there is a special class
of drugs used to treat hypertension
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Questions 26–27 are based on the following passage about snake venom.
Snake venom is one of the most effective methods of self-preservation in the animal kingdom It is, essen-tially, toxic saliva composed of different enzymes that immobilizes prey One type of toxin, known as a hemotoxin, targets the victim’s circulatory system and muscle tissue The other is called a neurotoxin, and
it affects the nervous system by causing heart failure or breathing difficulties Although deadly, some snake venoms have been found to have curative properties In fact, toxinologists, herpetologists, and other sci-entists have used the venom of a Brazilian snake to develop a class of drugs that is used to treat hypertension
Line
(5)
Questions 28–32 are based on the following passage about the Aristotle’s view on friendship.
If you have ever studied philosophers, you have surely been exposed to the teachings of Aristotle A great
thinker, Aristotle examines ideas such as eudaimonia (happiness), virtue, friendship, pleasure, and other
character traits of human beings in his works In his writings, Aristotle suggests that the goal of all human beings is to achieve happiness Everything that we do, then, is for this purpose, even when our actions do not explicitly demonstrate this For instance, Aristotle reasons that even when we seek out friend-ships, we are indirectly aspiring to be happy, for it is through our friendfriend-ships, we believe, that we will find happiness Aristotle asserts that there are three reasons why we choose to be friends with someone: because he is virtuous, because he has something to offer to us, or because he is pleasant When two peo-ple are equally virtuous, Aristotle classifies their friendship as perfect When, however, there is a disparity between the two friends’ moral fiber; or when one friend is using the other for personal gain and or pleasure alone, Aristotle claims that the friendship is imperfect In a perfect friendship—in this example,
Line
(5)
(10)
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Trang 428 The primary purpose of the passage is to
a introduce the reader to philosophy
b suggest that Aristotle was a great thinker
c show that human beings are egoistic hedonists
d introduce one aspect of Aristotle’s philosophy
e pose a question for the reader to ponder
29 According to Aristotle, helping a friend get the
job she always wanted by writing a recommenda-tion letter would be an example of
a a virtuous person
b an unselfish act
c someone in a perfect friendship
d someone who has self-love
e a person who wants success for all
30 The word disparity in line 9 means
a similarity
b anomaly
c fluctuation
d incongruity
e shift
31 According to the passage, if A befriends B only
because A enjoys B’s sense of humor, this would imply that
a B is not a virtuous person
b A is a virtuous person
c both A and B are virtuous people
d A and B are involved in a perfect friendship
e A and B are involved in an imperfect
friendship
32 In the last sentence (lines 16–17), the author’s
purpose is to
a demonstrate that human beings are selfish
b extrapolate one of Aristotle’s points on
friendships
c leave the reader in a quandary
d justify human beings’ behavior
e illustrate for the reader that Aristotle’s
teach-ings are complex
Trang 5P r e t e s t A n s w e r s
Sentence Completions
1 c Although sets up a relationship of contrast, or
opposition Although the young girl is skinny,
she behaves opposite to what one would expect of a skinny person—she eats a lot, or has a ravenous appetite
2 c Because signals cause and effect Sagacious
means wise A wise ruler would rule with compassion.
3 e There is a clue in this sentence, the phrase:
more frivolous Why? Because we know Percival missed the kind of experiences more frivolous
friends had So, we know he’s not frivolous
Which of the word choices means not frivolous?
Choice e, utilitarian ecstatic Ecstatic
experi-ence can be opposed to utilitarian approach.
None of the other pairs works in the sentence
4 d Think of this sentence as Scientific knowledge is
(something), resulting from years of hard work
by (somebody) That means the blank will be filled by a word that describes the result of years of hard work The word is cumulative.
The others don’t describe such a result
5 a Even though is another phrase that sets up a
relationship of opposition, or thwarted expectations But here, the opposition is between the adjective that goes in the first
blank and grandmother’s digestion Even
though this kind of meal causes her trouble, she insists on eating it The word in the sec-ond blank describes the kind of food she eats
even though it causes her trouble It is close in meaning, then, to the first word Piquant and spicy are synonyms None of the other pairs
7 a The word because signals a relationship of
causation Start by replacing heedful with a
more common or familiar word, like the
syn-onym aware Now, you may want to say this
sentence to help you figure out the analogy:
Because the king was (aware) of (something),
he (made sure) (something) (would happen
when he died) The only answer choice that
can fill in both blanks is a, posterity legacy.
Posterity means future generations, and legacy
refers to something left behind, so the sen-tence is saying that the king wanted future generations to remember the things he had done after he was gone
8 c Actually is an important word here because it
signals contradiction—again, dashed expecta-tions So, the first part of the sentence, up to
the comma, means roughly the daredevil had the kind of temperament you wouldn’t expect in
a daredevil The rest of the sentence is an
example, an illustration of that aspect of his temperament You wouldn’t expect a daredevil
to have a careful temperament Perambulate
means to get around on your own, so it also works in the sentence
Passage-Length Critical Reading
9 d In the first paragraph of this passage, the
author compares and contrasts a series of words To correctly answer this question, first
pick out the pairs of contrasting words: poeti-cal vs philosophipoeti-cal; artistic vs critipoeti-cal; concrete
vs abstract; synthetically vs analytically; and wholes vs aggregates Then you can see that concrete is paired with abstract.
10 c In the second paragraph, the author discusses
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Trang 6of the critical genius he does not create Any of
the other answer choices may be considered
true, but choice c is the only one found in this
passage, so it is the correct one
11 e The word colossal comes from the Latin
colos-sus and refers to a figure of gigantic
propor-tions The author has been discussing Dante and Michelangelo, both of whom he obviously admires So, when he calls Beethoven an artist
of the same order as those two, even if you
don’t know the word colossal, you can assume
he is complimenting Beethoven’s artistry
12 b In answering this question, it is important to
keep in mind the author’s purpose in writing the passage—to praise poetical genius
Beethoven is the sole composer discussed along with other creative artists the author reveres While some of the other choices may
be true, the author does not discuss them in this passage
13 a This is a question about the author’s main
point, or purpose in writing the passage The
word suggests tells you the exact phrasing of
the answer choices may not be found in the passage itself The author is praising artistic,
or poetical genius and writes at length about the artistic imagination The only answer choice that summarizes the author’s ideas is
choice a Again, while some of the other
answers may be true, they are not found in the passage
14 d In the first paragraph, Lincoln is discussing
two U.S laws that are philosophically opposed to each other: the fugitive-slave law, which requires a runaway slave to be returned
to his or her owner, even if the slave has escaped to a free state, and the law which for-bids the importation of slaves into the coun-try, a law aimed at curtailing the slave trade
He says that each law is as well enforced as any law can be when the community itself is
so divided on the moral issues involved In other words, someone who supports the fugitive-slave law would be pro-slavery; and someone who supports forbidding the foreign slave trade would be opposed to slavery The only answer choice which correctly restates
what Lincoln says is d.
15 b After Lincoln makes the declaration that
sepa-ration would make matters worse, he gives his reasons in the next sentence He says that each side would grow more firmly entrenched in its own position, a position the opposing side finds offensive
16 c This question asks for the point of the entire
paragraph Lincoln makes several points here, and it’s up to you to tie them together into a coherent whole While each answer is partially
true, only choice c sums up Lincoln’s
state-ments throughout the paragraph
17 b The phrase domestic institutions is used in a
sense we find unfamiliar today Both before and after this phrase, however, Lincoln is
dis-cussing laws, and domestic institutions is used
as part of that discussion
18 a The key to the correct answer here lies in the
phrase worthy and patriotic citizens, used to
describe those who want to change the Con-stitution Lincoln goes on to say that he does not object to the proposed amendment
19 e Lincoln opens his Second Inaugural Address
by saying there is less occasion for an extended address than there was at his first
inaugura-tion He continues by comparing the two
occasions, using the words then and now; and saying that the first occasion (then) called for a detailed statement, but that now, little that is new could be presented.
20 c After using the phrase insurgent agents,
Lin-coln says what these agents were doing—
seeking to dissolve the Union In other words,
they were secessionists