Tài liệu The complete guide to the toefl IBT reading part 9 pdf

The word they in the passage refers to © the earliest books for children © lines of text © the Caldecott “toy books” © illustrations... In the passage, the word them refers to © three-

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Passage 2

1 Mount Rainier, the heart of Mount Rainier National Park, is the highest moun-

tain in the state of Washington and in the Cascade Mountain Range The

sea level and has an area of about one square mile (2.58 square kilometers)

Numerous steam and gas jets occur around the crater, but the volcano has been

dormant for many centuries

2 Mount Rainier has a permanent ice cap and extensive snow fields that

give rise to over forty glacier: feed swift streams and tumbling waterfalls

that race through the glacial valleys The lower slopes of the mountain are

covered with forests There are alpine meadows between the glaciers and

the forests contain beautiful wild flowers The Wonderland Trail encircles

the entire mountain Its 90-mile (145-kilometer) length can be hiked in about a

week’s time The Nisqually Glacier is probably the ice region that is most often

explored by visitors Not far from theté lies Paradise Valley, where hotel accom-

modations are available

7 To which of the following does the word If in the passage refer?

8 The word J

©) snow fields

©) steam and gas jets

é in the passage refers to

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©) forests

10 What does the word &

©) Nisqually Glacier

in the passage refer to?

Passage 3

| Some people associate migration mainly with birds Birds do travel vast dis-

tances, but mammals also migrate 7 is caribou, reindeer that graze

on the grassy slopes of northern Canada When the weather turns cold, they

travel south until spring Their tracks are so worn into the land that they are

clearly visible from the air Another migrating mammal is the Alaskan fur seal

These seals breed only in the Pribilof Islands in the Bering Sea The young are born in June and by September are strong enough to go with their mothers on

a journey as far as southern California The males do not journey so far

swim only to the Gulf of Alaska In the spring, males and females all return to the island, and thére the cycle begins again Whales are among the greatest migrators of all The humpback, fin, and blue whales migrate thousands of miles each year from the polar seas to the tropics Whales eat huge quantities of tiny plants and animals (called plankton) THES are most abundant in cold polar waters In winter, the whales move to warm waters to breed and give birth to

their young

11 The phrase/Aii exam

©) migratory bird

12 The word Their in the passage refers to

: in the passage is an example of a

os

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y in the passage refers to

14 The word ì in the passage refers to

C the Gulf of Alaska

ee)

Em

=

= ze

a

15 The word These in the passage refers to

Passage 4

1 Design is the arrangement of materials to produce artistic or functional effects

Design plays a role in visual arts as well as in the creation of commercial prod-

ucts: Designers are concerned with the direction of lines, the size of shapes, and

the shading of colors They arrange these patterns in ways that are satisfying to

viewers Various elements are involved in creating a pleasing design

Harmony, or balance, can be obtained in a number of ways It may be

either symmetrical (in balance) or asymmetrical (out of balance, but still pleas-

ing to the eye) Or a small area may balance a large area if it has an importance

to the eye (because of bright color, for example) which equals that

larger area

Contrast is the opposite of harmony The colors red and orange harmonize,

since orange contains red A circle and an oval harmonize because ñ

made up of curved lines But a short line does not harmonize with a long line I€

is in contrast

4 Unity occurs when all the elements in a design combine to form a consistent

whole Unity resembles balance A design has balance if its masses are balanced,

or if its tones and colors harmonize But unity differs from balance because it

implies that balanced elements work together to form harmony in the design as

a whole

16 The word

in the passage refers to

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_in the passage refers to

1 in the passage is a reference to

©) orange and red

19 The word It in paragraph 3 refers to

©) the color red

20 The word it in paragraph 4 refers to

©) balance

Passage 5

1 In most of the earliest books for children, illustrations were an afterthought But

in the Caldecott “toy books” (named after the British illustrator Randolph

Caldecott), which first appeared in 1878, were almost as important as the

lines of text, and occupied far more space in the book One can almost read the

story from the dramatic action in the pictures

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2

Since then, thousands of successful picture books have been published in

the United States and around the world In 1 the words and illustrations

seem to complement each other perfectly Often a single person is responsible

for both writing and illustrating the book One of the greatest, and certainly one

of the most successful, illustrator-authors was Dr Seuss, whose real name was

Theodor Geisel His first children’s book, And to Think That | Saw It on Mulberry

Street, hit the market in 1937, and the world of children’s literature was

changed forever Seuss’s playful drawings were a perfect complement to his

engaging stories and unforgettable characters In 1957, Seuss’s The Cat in the

Hat became the first book in Random House's best-selling series, Beginner

Books, written by Seuss and several other authors ombine outrageous

illustrations of people, creatures, and plants, and playful stories written in ve

simple language (The Cat in the Hat, for example, uses only 250 words,

an estimate of the number of words that a six-year-old can read.)

Dr Seuss is not the only well-known author-illustrator, of course There is

Max Sendak, who wrote and illustrated Where the Wild Things Are, the story of a

little boy named Max who becomes king of the fierce (but funny) creatures

live in the Land of the Wild Things Robert McCloskey produced both the richly

textured illustrations and the delightful story of a family of ducks living in down-

town Boston, Make Way for Ducklings Some books are produced by a

collaborative author-artist team Author Margaret Wise Brown combined with

illustrator Clement Hurd to produce two delightful books loved by very young

children, Goodnight Moon and The Runaway Bunny

band-and-wife team of writer Audrey Wood and illustrator Don Wood, who

were responsible for King Bidgood’s in the Bathtub and The Napping House

Wordless and nearly wordless picture books have also become popular With

a little help, three- and four-year-olds can follow the sequence of events, and

they can understand the stories suggested in

few or no words is that they allow children and their parents the opportunity to

tell and retell the same stories over and over in /own words One of the

most charming examples of a wordless book is Jan Omerod’s Sunshine Barbara

Berger’s Grandfather Twilight and David Weisner’s Tuesday are examples of books

containing only a few words

U.S publishers have also drawn on illustrators from other countries whose

original, imaginative works have brought £ different visions to American chil-

dren’s books Among them are Leo Lionni from Italy, Feodor Rojankovsky from

Russia, and Taro Yashimi from Japan

21 The word they in the passage refers to

©) the earliest books for children

©) lines of text

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22 The phras

in the passage refers to the best

23 In the passage, the word 8 refers to

©) Dr Seuss’s drawings

©) the books of the Beginner Book series

©) outrageous illustrations

©) people, creatures, and plants

©) the fierce creatures

©) the book Where the Wild Things Are

26 The phrase

n the passage refers to an example of

27 In the passage, the word them refers to

28 The word t

©) books with few or no words

C the books Sunshine, Grandfather Twilight, and Tuesday

in paragraph 4 is a reference to

29 In paragraph 5, the word

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Passage 6

Sericulture, or silk production, has a long and colorful history unknown to most

people Archaeological finds show that sericulture dates to at least 2500 B.c., and

may be much older For much of that time, China kept the secret of silk to |

as one of the most zealously guarded secrets in history Anyone revealing the

secret of silkworm culture or trying to smuggle silkworm eggs out of China was

punished by death

The key to China’s domination of silk production lies with one species native

to China: the blind, flightless moth Bombyx mori This insect lays five hundred or

more eggs in four or five days and dies soon after The eggs are like pinpoints—

one hundred of théim weigh only one gram From one ounce (28.3 grams) of

eggs come about 30,000 worms (the larvae of the moth), which eat a ton of

white mulberry leaves and produce twelve pounds (5.4 kilograms) of raw silk

The silkworm of Bombyx mori produces smoother, finer, and rounder thread than

other silkworms Over thousands of years, this Chinese moth has evolved into

the specialized silk producer that it is today

At one time, silk was reserved exclusively for the use of the Chinese

emperor Gradually, all classes of society began wearing silk In addition to being

used for clothing and decoration, silk came to have industrial uses in China

is something that happened in the West only in modern times Silk was used for

musical instruments, fishing lines, bowstrings, bonds of all kinds, and even for

manufacturing paper During the Han Dynasty, silk became an absolute value in

itself Farmers paid taxes in both grain and silk Values were calculated in lengths

of silk as thy had once been calculated in gold The importance of silk is even

reflected in all the dialects of the Chinese language For example, of the 5,000

most common characters in the Mandarin alphabet, around 250 have silk as

“key.”

In spite of their secrecy, the Chinese eventually lost their monopoly on silk

production Sericulture reached Korea around 200 B.c when immigrants from

China arrived thére Sericulture came to India in a.p 300 In A.D 440, a prince

of Khotan married a Chinese princess She wore a huge hairpiece, and when she

left China, she hid silkworm eggs in ff It was not until A.o 550 when sericulture

came to the West Silkworms were carried by travelers in hollow tubes of bam-

boo to Constantinople This allowed a silk industry to be established in the

Middle East and later Italy However, high-quality Chinese silks still had a market

in the West

It was around 300 B.c when Greeks and Romans first heard rumors of Seres

(China), the kingdom of silk Perhaps the first Romans to actually see silk were

the soldiers of Marcus Licinius Crassus, governor of Syria At the battle of

Carrhae, near the Euphrates River, the Romans were startled to see 1

mies, the Parthians, had battle flags made of an unknown fabric: silk Within

decades, silk—which Romans believed was harvested from trees—was being

worn by the wealthy families of Rome The silk craze grew over the centuries,

and so did the price of silk A tunic made of the finest Chinese bark (a type of

silk) cost as much as 300 denarii—a Roman soldier's salary for one year!

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PACIFIC OCEAN

INDIAN

6 Silks were brought to Rome by means of the Silk Road There were actually

two routes, a land route and a sea route The former stretched from northern

China through northern India and then across central Asia to Roman-controlled Damascus Silks were carried by camel caravans on this route lay across the Indian Ocean Silks were brought to Jiaozhi and shipped from the port that is now the city of Haiphong Via ports in India and Sri Lanka, the silk- carrying ships sailed to Roman-controlled Egypt The land route, in particular,

had immense effects on history, not just on that of Rome and China, but

of all the lands that it passed through All sorts of trade goods—silver, gold, jade, spices, porcelain—passed along the route Ideas traveled the Silk Road too the concept of Buddhism was carried from India to China by merchants on the Silk Road The Silk Road created the first diverse international culture, exposing many peoples to the ideas and riches of both Roman and Chinese cultures

7 In the last thirty years, world silk production has doubled even though there are artificial fibers that can replace it China and Japan together manufacture more than 50% of the world’s silk Beginning in the 1970's, the first country that developed sericulture thousands of years ago dramatically increased it silk production and is again the world’s leading producer of silk

Glossary Khotan: an independent kingdom on the edge of the Taklamakan Desert in what is today western China

Constantinople: the capital of the eastern (Byzantine) Roman Empire (today called Istanbul)

Parthians: Central Asian people who ruled an empire centered in today’s Iran; the Parthian Empire fought several wars with the Roman Empire

Jiaozhi: a Chinese-ruled territory in present-day Vietnam

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30 The word i

C5 2500 5.c

n the passage is a reference to

31 In the passage, the word

es)

es Sy

©i

4 NI

n the passage refers to

33 In the passage, the word

in paragraph 3 refers to

C3 all the dialects of Chinese

36 The word if in the passage refers to

n paragraph 5 refers to

Trang 10

38 The phrase

r in the passage refers to

tin the passage refers to

40 The phrase An impoi + : n the passage refers to an example of

Al

its in the passage is a reference to

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