DICTIONARY OF NURSING Part 7 ppsx

Also called eye specialist ophthalmology ophthalmology /ɒfθl|mɒləd i/ noun the study of the eye and its diseases ophthalmoplegia ophthalmoplegia /ɒfθlmə|plid ə/ noun paralysis of the mus

ondansetron 210

ondansetron

ondansetron /ɒn|dnsitrɒn/ noun a drug

which helps to prevent the production of

serot-onin, used to control nausea and vomiting caused

by drug treatment and radiotherapy for cancer

onycholysis /ɒni|kɒləsis/ noun a condition in

which a nail becomes separated from its bed,

without falling out

onychomadesis

onychomadesis /ɒnikəυmə|disis/ noun a

condition in which the nails fall out

onychomycosis

onychomycosis /ɒnikəυmai|kəυsis/ noun

an infection of a nail with a fungus

oocyte

oocyte /əυəsait/ noun a cell which forms from

an oogonium and becomes an ovum by meiosis

oocyte donation

oocyte donation /əυəsait dəυ|neiʃ(ə)n/

noun the transfer of oocytes from one woman to

another who cannot produce her own, so that she

can have a baby The oocytes are removed in a

laparoscopy and fertilised in vitro

oogenesis

oogenesis /əυə|d enəsis/ noun the formation

and development of ova

COMMENT: In oogenesis, an oogonium

pro-duces an oocyte, which develops through

several stages to produce a mature ovum

Polar bodies are also formed which do not

develop into ova

oophor-oophor- /əυəfəυr/ prefix same as

oophoro-(used before vowels)

oophore

oophore /əυəfɔ/ noun same as ovary

oophorectomy

oophorectomy /əυəfə|rektəmi/ noun a

sur-gical operation to remove an ovary Also called

ovariectomy (NOTE: The plural is

oophorecto-mies.)

oophoritis

oophoritis /əυəfə|raitis/ noun inflammation

in an ovary, which can be caused by mumps Also

stektəmi/ noun a surgical operation to remove

an ovarian cyst (NOTE: The plural is

oophoro-cystectomies.)

oophorocystosis

oophorocystosis /əυ|ɒfərəυsi|stəυsis/ noun

the development of one or more ovarian cysts

oophoron

oophoron /əυ|ɒfərɒn/ noun same as ovary

oophoropexy

oophoropexy /əυ|ɒfərəpeksi/ noun a surgical

operation to attach an ovary (NOTE: The plural is

oophoropexies.)

oophorosalpingectomy

oophorosalpingectomy /əυ|ɒfərə|slpin|

d ektəmi/ noun a surgical operation to remove

an ovary and the Fallopian tube attached to it

operating department assistant

operating department assistant

/ɒpəreitiŋ di|pɑtmənt ə|sistənt/ noun a son who works in an operating department.Abbreviation ODA

per-operating microscope

operating microscope /ɒpəreitiŋ

maikrəskəυp/ noun a special microscope withtwo eyepieces and a light, used in very delicatesurgery

operating table

operating table /ɒpəreitiŋ teib(ə)l/ noun aspecial table on which the patient is placed toundergo a surgical operation

operating theatre

operating theatre /ɒpəreitiŋ θiətə/ noun aspecial room in a hospital, where surgical opera-tions are carried out (NOTE: The US term is oper-

ating room.)

operation

operation /ɒpə|reiʃ(ə)n/ noun 1. a surgicalprocedure carried out to repair or remove a dam-aged body part 쑗 She’s had an operation on her foot. (NOTE: A surgeon performs or carries out

drug actsophth-

ophth- /ɒfθ, ɒpθ/ prefix eyeophthalm-

ophthalm- /ɒfθlm, ɒpθlm/ prefix same as

ophthalmo- (used before vowels)

ophthalmia neonatorum /ɒf|θlmiə

niəυnei|tɔrəm/ noun conjunctivitis of a born baby, beginning 21 days after birth, caused

new-by infection in the birth canalophthalmic

ophthalmic /ɒf|θlmik/ adjective referring tothe eye

ophthalmic nerve

ophthalmic nerve /ɒf|θlmik nv/ noun abranch of the trigeminal nerve, supplying the eye-ball, the upper eyelid, the brow and one side of thescalp

ophthalmic optician

ophthalmic optician /ɒf|θlmik ɒp|tiʃ(ə)n/,

ophthalmic practitioner /ɒf|θlmik prk|

tiʃ(ə)nə/ noun same as opticianophthalmic surgeon

ophthalmic surgeon /ɒf|θlmik sd ən/

noun a surgeon who specialises in surgery to treateye disorders

211 oral thermometer

ophthalmitis

ophthalmitis /ɒfθl|maitis/ noun

inflamma-tion of the eye

ophthalmologist /ɒfθl|mɒləd ist/ noun a

doctor who specialises in the study of the eye and

its diseases Also called eye specialist

ophthalmology

ophthalmology /ɒfθl|mɒləd i/ noun the

study of the eye and its diseases

ophthalmoplegia

ophthalmoplegia /ɒfθlmə|plid ə/ noun

paralysis of the muscles of the eye

ophthalmoscope

ophthalmoscope /ɒf|θlməskəυp/ noun an

instrument containing a bright light and small

lenses, used by a doctor to examine the inside of

an eye

ophthalmoscopy

ophthalmoscopy /ɒfθl|mɒskəpi/ noun an

examination of the inside of an eye using an

oph-thalmoscope (NOTE: The plural is

ophthalmo-scopies.)

ophthalmotomy

ophthalmotomy /ɒfθl|mɒtəmi/ noun a

sur-gical operation to make a cut in the eyeball

ophthalmotonometer

ophthalmotonometer /ɒfθlmətə|nɒmitə/

noun an instrument which measures pressure

inside the eye

-opia

-opia /əυpiə/ suffix eye condition

opiate

opiate /əυpiət/ noun a sedative which is

pre-pared from opium, e.g morphine or codeine

opistho-opistho- /ɒpisθəυ/ prefix backbone

opisthotonos

opisthotonos /ɒpis|θɒtənəs/ noun a spasm

of the body in which the spine is arched

back-wards, occurring, e.g., in people with tetanus

opium

opium /əυpiəm/ noun a substance made from

poppies which is used in the preparation of

codeine and heroin

opponens

opponens /ə|pəυnənz/ noun one of a group of

muscles which control the movements of the

fin-gers, especially one which allows the thumb and

little finger to come together

opportunist

opportunist /ɒpə|tjunist/, opportunistic

/ɒpətju|nistik/ adjective referring to a parasite

or microorganism which takes advantage of the

host’s weakened state to cause infection

opsonic index

opsonic index /ɒp|sɒnik indeks/ noun a

number which gives the strength of an

individ-ual’s serum reaction to bacteria

opsonin

opsonin /ɒpsənin/ noun a substance, usually

an antibody, in blood which sticks to the surface

of bacteria and helps to destroy them

optic

optic /ɒptik/ adjective referring to the eye or to

sight

optical

optical /ɒptik(ə)l/ adjective 1. same as optic 2

relating to the visible light spectrum

optical fibre

optical fibre /ɒptik(ə)l faibə/ noun an

artifi-optical illusion

optical illusion /ɒptik(ə)l i|lu (ə)n/ noun

something which is seen wrongly so that itappears to be something else

optic chiasma

optic chiasma /ɒptik kai|zmə/ noun astructure where some of the optic nerves fromeach eye partially cross each other in the hypoth-alamus

optician /ɒp|tiʃ(ə)n/ noun a qualified personwho specialises in making glasses and in testingeyes and prescribing lenses Also called ophthal-

mic optician

optic nerve

optic nerve /ɒptik nv/ noun the second nial nerve which transmits the sensation of sightfrom the eye to the brain See illustration at EYE inSupplement

cra-optic neuritis

optic neuritis /ɒptik njυ|raitis/ noun same

as retrobulbar neuritisoptic papilla

optic papilla /ɒptik pə|pilə/ noun same as

optometry

optometry /ɒp|tɒmətri/ noun the testing ofeyes and prescribing of lenses to correct sight-oquine

-oquine /əkwin/ suffix antimalarial drug 쑗

oral cavity

oral cavity /ɔrəl kviti/ noun the mouthoral contraceptive

oral contraceptive /ɔrəl kɒntrə|septiv/

noun a contraceptive pill which is swallowedoral hygiene

oral hygiene /ɔrəl haid in/ noun the tice of keeping the mouth clean by gargling andmouthwashes

prac-orally

orally /ɔrəli/ adverb by swallowing 쑗 not to be taken orally

oral medication

oral medication /ɔrəl medi|keiʃ(ə)n/ noun

medication which is taken by swallowingoral rehydration therapy

oral rehydration therapy /ɔrəl rihai|

dreiʃ(ə)n θerəpi/ noun the administration of asimple glucose and electrolyte solution to treatacute diarrhoea, particularly in children, whichhas greatly reduced the number of deaths fromdehydration Abbreviation ORT

oral thermometer

oral thermometer /ɔrəl θə|mɒmitə/ noun athermometer which is put into the mouth to take

orbicularis 212

orbicularis

orbicularis /ɔ|bikjυ|leəris/ noun a circular

muscle in the face

orbicularis oculi

orbicularis oculi /ɔ|bikjυ|leəris ɒkjυlai/

noun a muscle which opens and closes the eye

orbicularis oris

orbicularis oris /ɔ|bikjυ|leəris ɔris/ noun

a muscle which closes the lips tight

orbit

orbit /ɔbit/ noun the hollow bony depression in

the front of the skull in which each eye and

lac-rimal gland are situated Also called eye socket

orchidalgia /ɔki|dld ə/ noun a

neuralgic-type pain in a testis

orchidectomy

orchidectomy /ɔki|dektəmi/ noun a surgical

operation to remove a testis (NOTE: The plural is

orchidectomies.)

orchidopexy

orchidopexy /ɔkidəυ|peksi/ noun a surgical

operation to place an undescended testis in the

scrotum Also called orchiopexy (NOTE: The

plural is orchidopexies.)

orchiepididymitis

orchiepididymitis /ɔki|epididi|maitis/

noun a condition in which a testicle and its

epidi-dymis become swollen

orchiopexy

orchiopexy /ɔkiəυ|peksi/ noun same as

orchidopexy (NOTE: The plural is

orchiopex-ies.)

orchis

orchis /ɔkis/ noun a testis

orchitis

orchitis /ɔ|kaitis/ noun inflammation of the

testes, characterised by hypertrophy, pain and a

sensation of weight

Orem’s model

Orem’s model /ɔrəmz mɒd(ə)l/ noun a

modern model for nursing which focuses on a

person’s ability to perform self-care, defined as

activities which individuals initiate and perform

on their own behalf to maintain life, health and

well-being The goal of nursing is to help people

meet their own self-care demands

organ

organ /ɔən/ noun a part of the body which is

distinct from other parts and has a particular

func-tion, e.g the liver, an eye or ovaries

organic

organic /ɔ|nik/ adjective 1. referring to

organs in the body 2 coming from an animal,

plant or other organism

organic disease

organic disease /ɔ|nik di|ziz/, organic

disorder /ɔ|nik dis|ɔdə/ noun a disease or

disorder associated with physical changes in one

or more organs of the body

organisation

organisation /ɔənai|zeiʃ(ə)n/,

organiza-tion noun 1 a group of people set up for a

partic-ular purpose 2 the planning or arranging of

some-thing 쑗 the organisation of the rota 3 the way in

which the component parts of something are

arranged

organism

organism /ɔəniz(ə)m/ noun any single

plant, animal, bacterium, fungus or other living

mem-[Described 1851 After Marquis Alfonso Corti(1822–88), Italian anatomist and histologist.]

organ transplant

organ transplant /ɔən trnsplɑnt/ noun

a surgical operation to transplant an organ fromone person to another

orgasm

orgasm /ɔz(ə)m/ noun the climax of thesexual act, when a person experiences a moment

of great excitementorifice

orifice /ɒrifis/ noun an opening in the body,e.g the mouth or anus

origin

origin /ɒrid i|əυsis/ noun

the formation of spongy bone in the labyrinth of

the ear which occurs in otosclerosis

Otosporin

Otosporin /əυtəspɒrin/ a trade name for ear

drops containing hydrocortisone, neomycin and

polymyxin

ototoxic

ototoxic /əυtə|tɒksik/ adjective referring to a

drug or an effect which is damaging to organs or

nerves involved in hearing or balance

outcome

outcome /aυtkm/ noun a measure of the

result of an intervention or treatment, e.g the

mortality rate following different methods of

sur-gery 쑗 medical outcomes

outer

outer /aυtə/ adjective outside or external

outer ear

outer ear /aυtər iə/ noun the part of the ear

which is on the outside of the head, together with

the passage leading to the eardrum Also called

out-of-body experience /aυt əv bɒdi ik|

spiəriəns/ noun an occasion when a person feels

as though they have left their body and, often,

travelled along a tunnel towards a bright light

outpatient

outpatient /aυtpeiʃ(ə)nt/ noun someone who

comes to a hospital for treatment but does not stay

overnight 쑗 She goes for treatment as an

outpa-tient Abbreviation OP Compare inpatient

outpatient department

outpatient department /aυtpeiʃ(ə)nt di|

pɑtmənt/, outpatients’ department

/aυtpeiʃ(ə)nts di|pɑtmənt/, outpatients’

clinic /aυtpeiʃ(ə)nts klinik/ noun a

depart-ment of a hospital which deals with outpatients

outreach

outreach /aυtritʃ/ noun services provided for

patients or the public in general, outside a hospital

or clinic

ova

ova /əυvə/ plural of ovum

oval window

oval window /əυv(ə)l windəυ/ noun an oval

opening between the middle ear and the inner ear

Also called fenestra ovalis See illustration at

ovarian cycle

ovarian cycle /əυ|veəriən saik(ə)l/ noun theregular changes in the ovary during a woman’sreproductive life

ovariectomy /əυvəri|ektəmi/ noun same as

oophorectomy (NOTE: The plural is

ovariecto-mies.)

ovariotomy

ovariotomy /əυvəri|ɒtəmi/ noun a surgicaloperation to remove an ovary or a tumour in anovary (NOTE: The plural is ovariotomies.)

plural is ovaries For other terms referring to ovaries, see words beginning with oophor-,

oophoro-.)

over-over- /əυvə/ prefix too muchoverbite

overbite /əυvəbait/ noun the usual formation

of the teeth, in which the top incisors come downover and in front of the bottom incisors when thejaws are closed

overcompensation

overcompensation /əυvəkɒmpən|seiʃ(ə)n/

noun an attempt by a person to remove the badeffects of a mistake or a fault in their character inwhich they make too much effort, and so causesome other problem

over-the-counter drug /əυvə ðə kaυntə

dr/ noun a drug which you can buy from apharmacy without a doctor’s prescription Alsocalled OTC drug

ovulation 216

ovulation

ovulation /ɒvjυ|leiʃ(ə)n/ noun the release of

an ovum from the mature ovarian follicle into the

Fallopian tube

ovum

ovum /əυvəm/ noun a female egg cell which,

when fertilised by a spermatazoon, begins to

develop into an embryo (NOTE: The plural is ova.

For other terms referring to ova, see words

beginning with oo-.)

-oxacin

-oxacin /ɒksəsin/ suffix quinolone drug 쑗

cip-rofloxacin

oxidase

oxidase /ɒksideiz/ noun an enzyme which

encourages oxidation by removing hydrogen 쒁

monoamine oxidase

oxidation

oxidation /ɒksi|deiʃ(ə)n/ noun the action of

making oxides by combining with oxygen or

removing hydrogen

oximeter

oximeter /ɒk|simitə/ noun an instrument

which measures the amount of oxygen in

some-thing, especially in blood

oxybutynin

oxybutynin /ɒksi|bjutənin/, oxybutinin

noun a drug which reduces the need to pass urine

oxycephalic

oxycephalic /ɒksikə|flik/ adjective

refer-ring to oxycephaly

oxycephaly

oxycephaly /ɒksi|kefəli/ noun a condition in

which the skull is shaped into a point, with

exoph-thalmos and poor sight Also called turricephaly

oxygen

oxygen /ɒksid ən/ noun a chemical element

that is a common colourless gas which is present

in the air and essential to human life (NOTE: The

chemical symbol is O.)

oxygenate

oxygenate /ɒksid əneit/ verb to combine

blood with oxygen (NOTE: oxygenating –

oxy-genated)

oxygenated blood

oxygenated blood /ɒksid əneitid bld/

noun blood which has received oxygen in the

lungs and is being carried to the tissues along the

arteries Also called arterial blood Compare

deoxygenated blood (NOTE: Oxygenated blood

is brighter red than venous deoxygenated

blood.)

oxygenation

oxygenation /ɒksid ə|neiʃ(ə)n/ noun the

fact of becoming combined or filled with oxygen

쑗 Blood is carried along the pulmonary artery to

the lungs for oxygenation.

oxygenator

oxygenator /ɒksid ə|neitə/ noun a machinewhich puts oxygen into the blood, used as an arti-ficial lung in surgery

oxygen cylinder

oxygen cylinder /ɒksid ən silində/ noun aheavy metal tube which contains oxygen and isconnected to a patient’s oxygen mask

oxygen mask

oxygen mask /ɒksid ən mɑsk/ noun a maskconnected to a supply of oxygen, which can beput over the face to help someone with breathingdifficulties

oxygen tent

oxygen tent /ɒksid ən tent/ noun a type ofcover put over a person so that he or she canbreathe in oxygen

oxygen therapy

oxygen therapy /ɒksid ən θerəpi/ noun anytreatment involving the administering of oxygen,e.g in an oxygen tent or in emergency treatmentfor heart failure

oxyhaemoglobin

oxyhaemoglobin /ɒksi|himə|ləυbin/ noun

a compound of haemoglobin and oxygen, which

is the way oxygen is carried in arterial blood fromthe lungs to the tissues 쒁 haemoglobin (NOTE:

The US spelling is oxyhemoglobin.)

oxyntic

oxyntic /ɒk|sintik/ adjective referring to glandsand cells in the stomach which produce acidoxyntic cell

oxyntic cell /ɒk|sintik sel/ noun a cell in thegastric gland which secretes hydrochloric acid.Also called parietal cell

oxytetracycline

oxytetracycline /ɒksi|tetrə|saiklin/ noun

an antibiotic which is effective against a widerange of organisms

child-oxytocin

oxytocin /ɒksi|təυsin/ noun a hormonesecreted by the posterior pituitary gland, whichcontrols the contractions of the uterus and encour-ages the flow of milk

Pa

pacemaker

pacemaker /peismeikə/ noun 1. a node in the

heart which regulates the heartbeat Also called

sinoatrial node, SA node 2 쏡 cardiac

pace-maker, epicardial pacemaker

pachy-pachy- /pki/ prefix thickening

pachydactyly

pachydactyly /pki|dktili/ noun a

condi-tion in which the fingers and toes become thicker

than usual

pachydermia

pachydermia /pki|dmiə/, pachyderma

/pki|dmə/ noun a condition in which the skin

becomes thicker than normal

pachymeningitis

pachymeningitis /pki|menin|d aitis/

noun inflammation of the dura mater

pachyonychia

pachyonychia /pkiə|nikiə/ noun unusual

thickness of the nails

pachysomia

pachysomia /pki|səυmiə/ noun a condition

in which soft tissues of the body become

unusu-ally thick

pacing

pacing /peisiŋ/ noun a surgical operation to

implant or attach a cardiac pacemaker

Pacinian corpuscle

Pacinian corpuscle /pə|siniən kɔps(ə)l/

noun a sensory nerve ending in the skin which is

sensitive to touch and vibrations

pack

wool, used to fill an orifice such as the nose or

vagina쐽 verb to fill an orifice with a tampon 쑗

The ear was packed with cotton wool to absorb

the discharge.

packed cell volume

packed cell volume /pkt sel vɒljum/

noun the volume of red blood cells in a person’s

blood shown against the total volume of blood

Also called haematocrit

PACT

and cost

pad

material, placed on part of the body to protect it 쑗

She wrapped a pad of soft cotton wool round the

paediatric /pidi|trik/ adjective referring to

the treatment of the diseases of children 쑗 A new

paediatric hospital has been opened 쑗 Parents

can visit children in the paediatric wards at any

paediatrician

paediatrician /pidiə|triʃ(ə)n/ noun a doctorwho specialises in the treatment of diseases ofchildren

paediatrics

paediatrics /pidi|triks/ noun the study ofchildren, their development and diseases Com-pare geriatrics

Paget’s disease /pd əts di|ziz/ noun 1.

same as osteitis deformans 2 a form of breastcancer which starts as an itchy rash round the nip-

(1814–99), British surgeon.]

pain

which a person has when hurt 쑗 The doctor gave him an injection to relieve the pain 쑗 She is suf- fering from back pain. (NOTE: Pain can be used

in the plural to show that it recurs: She has

pains in her left leg.)

pain clinic

pain clinic /pein klinik/ noun a centre whichlooks after people with severe persistent pain andwhose staff include professionals from many spe-cialist areas of medicine

painkiller

painkiller /pein|kilə/ noun a drug that reducespain

pain pathway

pain pathway /pein pɑθwei/ noun a series

of linking nerve fibres and neurones which carryimpulses of pain from the site to the sensory cor-tex

palate

palate /plət/ noun the roof of the mouth andfloor of the nasal cavity, formed of the hard and

palate bone 218

palate bone

palate bone /plət bəυn/ noun one of two

bones which form part of the hard palate, the

orbits of the eyes and the cavity behind the nose

Also called palatine bone

palatoplasty /plətəplsti/ noun plastic

sur-gery of the roof of the mouth, e.g to repair a cleft

palate

palatoplegia

palatoplegia /plətə|plid ə/ noun paralysis

of the soft palate

palatorrhaphy

palatorrhaphy /plə|tɔrəfi/ noun a surgical

operation to suture and close a cleft palate Also

called staphylorrhaphy, uraniscorrhaphy

palindromic /plin|drəυmik/ adjective

recurring 쑗 a palindromic disease

palliative

palliative /pliətiv/ noun a treatment or drug

which relieves symptoms but does nothing to cure

the disease which causes the symptoms For

example, a painkiller can reduce the pain in a

tooth, but will not cure the caries which causes the

pain 쐽 adjective providing relief

palliative care

palliative care /pliətiv keə/, palliative

treatment /pliətiv tritmənt/ noun treatment

which helps to reduce the symptoms of a disease,

especially a terminal or chronic condition, but

does not cure it

COMMENT: Palliative care may involve giving

antibiotics, transfusions, pain-killing drugs,

low-dose chemotherapy and psychological

and social support to help the person and

their family adjust to the illness The

treat-ment is often provided in a hospice

pallidotomy

pallidotomy /pli|dɒtəmi/ noun an operation

on the brain which can reduce many of the

symp-toms of Parkinson’s disease, such as tremor,

bradykinesia and stooped posture

pallor

pallor /plə/ noun the condition of being pale

palm

extending from the bases of the fingers to the

palmar arch /plmər ɑtʃ/ noun one of two

arches or joins within the palm formed by two

arteries which link together

palmar fascia

palmar fascia /plmə feiʃə/ noun the

ten-dons in the palm of the hand

palpate

palpate /pl|peit/ verb to examine part of the

body by feeling it with the hand

palpation

palpation /pl|peiʃ(ə)n/ noun an examination

of part of the body by feeling it with the handpalpebra

palpebra /plpibrə/ noun same as eyelid

pancarditis /pnkɑ|daitis/ noun tion of all the tissues in the heart, i.e the heartmuscle, the endocardium and the pericardiumpancreas

inflamma-pancreas /pŋkriəs/ noun a gland which liesacross the back of the body between the kidneys.See illustration at DIGESTIVE SYSTEM in Supple-ment

pancreatectomy

pancreatectomy /pŋkriə|tektəmi/ noun

the surgical removal of all or part of the pancreaspancreatic

pancreatic /pŋkri|tik/ adjective referring

to the pancreaspancreatic duct

pancreatic duct /pŋkri|tik dkt/ noun aduct leading through the pancreas to the duode-num

pancreatic juice

pancreatic juice /pŋkritik d us/,

pan-creatic secretion /pŋkritik si|kriʃ(ə)n/

noun a digestive juice, formed of enzymes duced by the pancreas, which digests fats and car-bohydrates

pro-pancreatin

pancreatin /pŋkriətin/ noun a substancemade from enzymes secreted by the pancreas,used to treat someone whose pancreas does notproduce pancreatic enzymes

pancreatitis

pancreatitis /pŋkriə|taitis/ noun tion of the pancreas

inflamma-pancreatomy

pancreatomy /pŋkri|təmi/,

pancreatot-omy /pŋkriə|tɒtəmi/ noun a surgical tion to open the pancreatic duct

opera-pancytopenia

pancytopenia /pnsaitə|piniə/ noun a dition in which there are too few red and whiteblood cells and blood platelets

con-pandemic

pandemic /pn|demik/ noun an epidemic ease which affects many parts of the world Com-pare endemic, epidemic 쐽 adjective wide-spread

dis-panhysterectomy

panhysterectomy /pnhistə|rektmi/ noun

the surgical removal of all the uterus and the vix

cer-panic

panic /pnik/ noun a feeling of great fearwhich cannot be stopped and which sometimesresults in irrational behaviour 쑗 He was in a panic as he sat in the consultant’s waiting room.

panic disorder /pnik dis|ɔdə/ noun a

con-dition in which somebody has frequent panic

attacks

panniculitis

panniculitis /pə|nikjυ|laitis/ noun

inflamma-tion of the panniculus adiposus, producing tender

swellings on the thighs and breasts

panniculus

panniculus /pə|nikjυləs/ noun a layer of

membranous tissue

panniculus adiposus

panniculus adiposus /pə|nikjυləs di|

pəυsəs/ noun a layer of fat underneath the skin

pannus

pannus /pnəs/ noun a growth on the cornea

containing tiny blood vessels

panophthalmia

panophthalmia /pnɒf|θlmiə/,

panoph-thalmitis /pnɒfθl|maitis/ noun

inflamma-tion of the whole of the eye

panosteitis

panosteitis /pnɒsti|aitis/, panostitis

/pnɒ|staitis/ noun inflammation of the whole

of a bone

panotitis

panotitis /pnəυ|taitis/ noun inflammation

affecting all of the ear, but especially the middle

ear

panproctocolectomy

panproctocolectomy /pnprɒktəkə|

lektəmi/ noun the surgical removal of the whole

of the rectum and the colon

pantothenic acid /pntəθenik sid/ noun

a vitamin of the vitamin B complex, found in

liver, yeast and eggs

Papanicolaou test

Papanicolaou test /ppənikə|leiu test/

noun a method of staining samples from various

body secretions to test for malignancy, e.g testing

a cervical smear sample to see if cancer is present

Also called Pap test [Described 1933 After

George Nicholas Papanicolaou (1883–1962),

Greek anatomist and physician who worked in

the USA.]

papaveretum

papaveretum /pə|pvə|ritəm/ noun a

prepa-ration of opium used to reduce pain

papilla

papilla /pə|pilə/ noun a small swelling which

sticks up above the usual surface level 쑗 The

upper surface of the tongue is covered with

papillary

papillary /pə|piləri/ adjective referring to

papil-lae

papillitis

papillitis /ppi|laitis/ noun inflammation of

the optic disc at the back of the eye

papilloedema

papilloedema /ppiləυ|dimə/ noun an

accu-mulation of fluid in the optic disc at the back of

the eye

papilloma

papilloma /ppi|ləυmə/ noun a benign

tumour on the skin or mucous membrane (NOTE:

papillomatosis

papillomatosis /ppiləυmə|təυsis/ noun

being affected with papillomatapapillotomy

papillotomy /ppi|lɒtəmi/ noun the tion of cutting into the body at the point where thecommon bile duct and pancreatic duct meet to gointo the duodenum, in order to improve bile drain-age and allow any stones to pass out

opera-papovavirus

papovavirus /pə|pəυvəvairəs/ noun a family

of viruses which start tumours, some of which aremalignant, and some of which, such as warts, arebenign

Pap test

Pap test /pp test/, Pap smear /pp smiə/

noun same as Papanicolaou testpapular

papular /ppjυlə/ adjective referring to apapule

pro-paracetamol

paracetamol /prə|sitəmɒl/ noun a mon drug used to relieve mild to moderate painand reduce fever (NOTE: The US name is aceta-

com-minophen.)

paracusis

paracusis /prə|kjusis/, paracousia /prə|

kusiə/ noun a disorder of hearingparadoxical breathing

paradoxical breathing /prədɒksik(ə)l

briðiŋ/, paradoxical respiration

/prədɒksik(ə)l respi|reiʃ(ə)n/ noun a tion affecting someone with broken ribs, wherethe chest appears to move in when he or shebreathes in, and appears to move out when he orshe breathes out

paraffin gauze

paraffin gauze /prəfin ɔz/ noun gauzecovered with solid paraffin, used as a dressingparageusia

parageusia /prə|jusiə/ noun a disorder of

paralyse 220

paralyse

paralyse /prəlaiz/ verb to make a part of the

body unable to carry out voluntary movements by

weakening or damaging muscles or nerves so that

they cannot function, or by using a drug 쑗 His

arm was paralysed after the stroke 쑗 She is

par-alysed from the waist down.

paralysis

paralysis /pə|rləsis/ noun a condition in

which part of the body cannot be moved because

the motor nerves have been damaged or the

mus-cles have been weakened 쑗 The condition causes

paralysis of the lower limbs 쑗 He suffered

tem-porary paralysis of the right arm.

paralytic

paralytic /prə|litik/ adjective 1. referring to

paralysis 2 referring to a person who is paralysed

paralytic ileus

paralytic ileus /prəlitik iliəs/ noun an

obstruction in the ileum caused by paralysis of the

muscles of the intestine Also called adynamic

ileus

paramedian

paramedian /prə|midiən/ adjective near

the midline of the body

paramedian plane

paramedian plane /prə|midiən plein/

noun a plane near the midline of the body, parallel

to the sagittal plane and at right angles to the

coro-nal plane See illustration at ANATOMICAL TERMS

in Supplement

paramedic

paramedic /prə|medik/ noun a person

whose work involves the restoration of health and

normal functioning

parameter

parameter /pə|rmitə/ noun a measurement of

something such as blood pressure which may be

an important consideration in treating the

condi-tion which the person has

parametritis

parametritis /prəmi|traitis/ noun

inflam-mation of the parametrium

parametrium

parametrium /prə|mitriəm/ noun the

con-nective tissue around the uterus

paranasal

paranasal /prə|neiz(ə)l/ adjective by the

side of the nose

paranasal sinus

paranasal sinus /prəneiz(ə)l sainəs/,

paranasal air sinus /prəneiz(ə)l eə sainəs/

noun one of the four pairs of sinuses in the skull

near the nose, which open into the nasal cavity

and are lined with sticky mucus (NOTE: They are

the frontal, maxillary, ethmoidal and sphenoidal

sinuses.)

paranoia

paranoia /prə|nɔiə/ noun a behaviour

char-acterised by mistaken ideas or delusions of

paranoid disorder /prənɔid dis|ɔdə/

noun a mental disorder which causes someone

experiencing it to believe strongly that something

is not right with them, with someone else or with

the world generally and to maintain the belief

paranoid schizophrenia

paranoid schizophrenia /prənɔid

skitsəυ|friniə/ noun a form of schizophrenia inwhich the person believes he or she is being per-secuted

con-paraplegia

paraplegia /prə|plid ə/ noun paralysiswhich affects the lower part of the body and thelegs, usually caused by an injury to the spinal cordparaplegic

paraplegic /prə|plid ... for a

partic-ular purpose the planning or arranging of

some-thing 쑗 the organisation of the rota the way in

which the component parts of something are

arranged... /ɒz|məυsis/ noun the movement of asolvent from one part of the body through a sem-ipermeable membrane to another part where there

is a higher concentration of moleculesosmotic pressure...

particulate matter /pɑ|tikjυlət mtə/ noun

particles of less than a specified size, usually of

carbon, which are used as a measure of air

pollu-tion