DICTIONARY OF NURSING Part 5 potx

hyperaemia 138hyperaemia hyperaemia /haipər|imiə/ noun excess blood in any part of the body hyperaesthesia hyperaesthesia /haipəris|θiziə/ noun an extremely high sensitivity in the skin

hyperaemia 138

hyperaemia

hyperaemia /haipər|imiə/ noun excess blood

in any part of the body

hyperaesthesia

hyperaesthesia /haipəris|θiziə/ noun an

extremely high sensitivity in the skin

hyperalgesia

hyperalgesia /haipərl|d iziə/ noun an

increased sensitivity to pain

hyperalimentation

hyperalimentation /haipər|limen|

teiʃ(ə)n/ noun the feeding of large amounts of

nutrients by mouth or intravenously to someone

with serious nutritional deficiency

hyperandrogenism

drɒd əniz(ə)m/ noun a condition in which a

woman produces too many androgens, associated

with many problems such as hirsutism, acne,

infertility and polycystic ovarian disease

hyperbaric

hyperbaric /haipə|brik/ adjective referring

to a treatment in which someone is given oxygen

at high pressure, used to treat carbon monoxide

poisoning

hypercalcaemia

hypercalcaemia /haipəkl|simiə/ noun an

excess of calcium in the blood

hypercalcinuria

hypercalcinuria /haipəklsi|njυəriə/ noun

a condition in which an unusually high amount of

calcium occurs in the urine

hypercapnia

hypercapnia /haipə|kpniə/ noun an

unusu-ally high concentration of carbon dioxide in the

bloodstream

hypercatabolism

hypercatabolism /haipəkə|tbəliz(ə)m/

noun a condition in which the body breaks down

its own tissues or a particular substance too much

It causes weight loss and wasting

hyperchloraemia

hyperchloraemia /haipəklɔ|rimiə/ noun a

condition in which there is too much chloride in

the blood

hyperchlorhydria

hyperchlorhydria /haipəklɔ|haidriə/ noun

an excess of hydrochloric acid in the stomach

hyperdactylism

hyperdactylism /haipə|dktiliz(ə)m/ noun

the condition of having more than the usual

number of fingers or toes Also called

polydac-tylism

hyperemesis

hyperemesis /haipər|emisis/ noun excessive

vomiting (NOTE: The plural is hyperemeses.)

hyperemesis gravidarum

hyperemesis gravidarum /haipəremisis

rvi|deərəm/ noun uncontrollable vomiting in

pregnancy

hyperextension

hyperextension /haipərik|stenʃən/ noun the

act of stretching an arm or leg beyond its usual

limits of movement

hyperflexion

hyperflexion /haipə|flekʃən/ noun the act of

flexing a joint beyond the usual limit 쑗 a

hyper-flexion injury

hypergalactia

hypergalactia /haipəə|lktiə/,

hyperga-lactosis /haipə|lək|təυsis/ noun a condition

in which too much milk is secreted

hyperglycaemia

hyperglycaemia /haipəlai|simiə/ noun an

excess of glucose in the blood

hyperhidrosis

hyperhidrosis /haipəhai|drəυsis/ noun a

hyperinsulinism

hyperinsulinism /haipər|insjυliniz(ə)m/

noun the reaction of a diabetic to an excessivedose of insulin or to hypoglycaemia

hyperkalaemia

hyperkalaemia /haipək|limiə/ noun a dition in which too much potassium occurs in theblood, which can result in cardiac arrest Variouspossible causes include kidney failure and chem-otherapy

con-hyperkeratosis

hyperkeratosis /haipəkerə|təυsis/ noun acondition in which the outer layer of the skinbecomes unusually thickened

hyperkinesia

hyperkinesia /haipəki|niziə/ noun a tion in which there is unusually great strength ormovement

condi-hyperlipidaemia

hyperlipidaemia /haipəlipi|dimiə/ noun thepathological increase of the amount of lipids, orfat, in the blood

hypermetropia

hypermetropia /haipəmi|trəυpiə/,

hyper-opia /haipə|rəυpiə/ noun a condition in whichsomeone sees more clearly objects which are along way away, but cannot see objects which areclose Also called longsightedness, hyperopiahypernatraemia

hypernatraemia /haipən|trimiə/ noun aserious condition occurring most often in babies

or elderly people, in which too much sodium ispresent in the blood as a result of loss of water andelectrolytes through diarrhoea, excessive sweat-ing, not drinking enough or excessive salt intakehypernephroma

hypernephroma /haipənə|frəυmə/ noun

same as Grawitz tumourhyperopia

hyperopia /haipə|rəυpiə/ noun same as

hypermetropia

hyperostosis

hyperostosis /haipərɒ|stəυsis/ noun sive overgrowth on the outside surface of a bone,especially the frontal bone

exces-hyperparathyroidism

hyperparathyroidism /haipə|prə|

θairɔidiz(ə)m/ noun an unusually high tration of parathyroid hormone in the body Itcauses various medical problems including dam-age to the kidneys

hyperpituitarism /haipə|pitjuitəriz(ə)m/

noun a condition in which the pituitary gland isoveractive

hyperplasia

hyperplasia /haipə|pleiziə/ noun a condition

in which there is an increase in the number ofcells in an organ

hypersensitive

hypersensitive /haipə|sensitiv/ adjective

referring to a person who reacts more strongly

139 hypodermic needle

hypersensitivity

hypersensitivity /haipəsensi|tiviti/ noun a

condition in which someone reacts very strongly

to something such as an allergic substance 쑗 her

hypersensitivity to dust 쑗 Anaphylactic shock

shows hypersensitivity to an injection.

hypersplenism

hypersplenism /haipə|spleniz(ə)m/ noun a

condition in which too many red blood cells are

destroyed by the spleen, which is often enlarged

hypertelorism

hypertelorism /haipə|teləriz(ə)m/ noun a

condition in which there is too much space

between two organs or parts of the body

hypertension

hypertension /haipə|tenʃən/ noun arterial

blood pressure that is higher than the usual range

for gender and age Also called high blood

pres-sure, hyperpiesia Compare hypotension

hypertensive

hypertensive /haipə|tensiv/ adjective

refer-ring to high blood pressure

hypertensive headache

hypertensive headache /haipətensiv

hedeik/ noun a headache caused by high blood

pressure

hyperthermia

hyperthermia /haipə|θmiə/ noun a very

high body temperature

hyperthyroidism

hyperthyroidism /haipə|θairɔidiz(ə)m/

noun a condition in which the thyroid gland is too

active and releases unusual amounts of thyroid

hormones into the blood, giving rise to a rapid

heartbeat, sweating and trembling It can be

treated with carbimazole Also called

thyrotoxi-cosis

hypertonia

hypertonia /haipə|təυniə/ noun an increased

rigidity and spasticity of the muscles

hypertonic

hypertonic /haipə|tɒnik/ adjective 1.

refer-ring to a solution which has a higher osmotic

pressure than another specified solution 2

refer-ring to a muscle which is under unusually high

tension

hypertrichosis

hypertrichosis /haipətri|kəυsis/ noun a

con-dition in which someone has excessive growth of

hair on the body or on part of the body

hypertrophic

hypertrophic /haipə|trɒfik/ adjective

associ-ated with hypertrophy

hypertrophy

hypertrophy /hai|ptrəfi/ noun an increase in

the number or size of cells in a tissue

hyperventilation

hyperventilation /haipəventi|leiʃ(ə)n/ noun

very fast breathing which can be accompanied by

dizziness or tetany

hypervitaminosis

hypervitaminosis /haipə|vitəmi|nəυsis/

noun a condition caused by taking too many

syn-thetic vitamins, especially Vitamins A and D

hypervolaemia

hypervolaemia /haipəvɒ|limiə/ noun a

con-dition in which there is too much plasma in the

blood

hyphaema

hyphaema /hai|fimiə/ noun bleeding into the

front chamber of the eye

hypn-hypn- /hipn/ prefix referring to sleep

hypnosis

hypnosis /hip|nəυsis/ noun a state like sleep,

ber forgotten events in the past and will do ever the hypnotist tells him or her to dohypnotherapy

what-hypnotherapy /hipnəυ|θerəpi/ noun ment by hypnosis, used in treating some addic-tions

treat-hypnotic

hypnotic /hip|nɒtik/ adjective 1. relating tohypnosis and hypnotism 2 referring to a statewhich is like sleep but which is caused artificially

3 referring to a drug which causes sleep

hypnotism

hypnotism /hipnətiz(ə)m/ noun the niques used to induce hypnosis

tech-hypo

hypo /haipəυ/ noun (informal) 1. same as

hypodermic syringe 2 an attack of

hypoglycae-mia, experienced, e.g., by people who are diabetichypo-

hypo- /haipəυ/ prefix less, too little or beneathhypoaesthesia

hypoaesthesia /haipəυis|θiziə/ noun acondition in which someone has a diminishedsense of touch

hypocalcaemia

hypocalcaemia /haipəυkl|simiə/ noun anunusually low amount of calcium in the blood,which can cause tetany

hypocapnia

hypocapnia /haipəυ|kpniə/ noun a tion in which there is not enough carbon dioxide

condi-in the bloodhypochloraemia

hypochloraemia /haipəυklɔ|rimiə/ noun acondition in which there are not enough chlorineions in the blood

hypochlorhydria

hypochlorhydria /haipəυklɔ|haidriə/ noun

a condition in which there is not enough chloric acid in the stomach

hypochondriac region

hypochondriac region /haipəυ|kɒndrik

rid ən/ noun one of two parts of the upperabdomen, on either side of the epigastrium belowthe floating ribs

hypochondrium

hypochondrium /haipəυ|kɒndriəm/ noun

one of the two hypochondriac regions in the upperpart of the abdomen

hypochromic

hypochromic /haipəυ|krəυmik/ adjective

referring to blood cells or body tissue which donot have the usual amount of pigmentation 쑗

hypochromic scars

hypodermic

hypodermic /haipə|dmik/ adjective

beneath the skin 쐽 noun a hypodermic syringe,needle or injection (informal)

hypodermic injection

hypodermic injection /haipədmik in|

d ekʃən/ noun an injection of a liquid, e.g apainkilling drug, beneath the skin Also called

subcutaneous injection

hypodermic needle

hypodermic needle /haipədmik nid(ə)l/

hypodermic syringe 140

hypodermic syringe

hypodermic syringe /haipədmik si|

rind / noun a syringe fitted with a hypodermic

needle for injecting liquid under the skin

hypofibrinogenaemia

hypofibrinogenaemia /haipəυ|fibrinəυd ə|

nimiə/ noun a condition in which there is not

enough fibrinogen in the blood, e.g because of

several blood transfusions or as an inherited

con-dition

hypogammaglobulinaemia

hypogammaglobulinaemia /haipəυmə|

lɒbjυlin|imiə/ noun an unusually low

concen-tration of gamma globulin in the blood that causes

an immune deficiency It may be present from

birth or acquired later in life

hypogastrium

hypogastrium /haipə|striəm/ noun the

part of the abdomen beneath the stomach

hypoglossal

hypoglossal /haipəυ|lɒsəl/ adjective 1.

underneath or on the lower side of the tongue 2

relating to the hypoglossal nerve

hypoglossal nerve

hypoglossal nerve /haipə|lɒs(ə)l nv/

noun the twelfth cranial nerve which governs the

muscles of the tongue

hypoglycaemia

hypoglycaemia /haipəυlai|simiə/ noun a

low concentration of glucose in the blood

hypoglycaemic

hypoglycaemic /haipəυlai|simik/

adjec-tive having hypoglycaemia

hypoglycaemic coma

hypoglycaemic coma /haipəυlai|simik

kəυmə/ noun a state of unconsciousness

affect-ing diabetics after takaffect-ing an overdose of insulin

hypohidrosis

hypohidrosis /haipəυhai|drəυsis/,

hypoid-rosis /haipəυi|drəυsis/ noun a condition in

which someone produces too little sweat

hypoinsulinism

hypoinsulinism /haipəυ|insjυliniz(ə)m/

noun a condition in which the body does not have

enough insulin, often because of a problem with

the pancreas

hypokalaemia

hypokalaemia /haipəυk|limiə/ noun a

deficiency of potassium in the blood

hypomania

hypomania /haipəυ|meiniə/ noun a state of

mild mania or overexcitement, especially when

part of a manic-depressive cycle

hypometropia

hypometropia /haipəυmi|trəυpiə/ noun

same as myopia

hyponatraemia

hyponatraemia /haipəυn|trimiə/ noun a

lack of sodium in the body

hypoparathyroidism

hypoparathyroidism /haipəυ|prə|

θairɔidiz(ə)m/ noun a condition in which the

parathyroid glands do not secrete enough

parath-yroid hormone, leading to low blood calcium and

muscle spasms

hypopharynx

hypopharynx /haipəυ|friŋks/ noun the part

of the pharynx between the hyoid bone and the

bottom of the cricoid cartilage (NOTE: The plural

is hypopharynxes or hypopharynges.)

hypophyseal

hypophyseal /haipə|fiziəl/ adjective

refer-ring to the pituitary gland

hypophysectomy

hypophysectomy /hai|pɒfi|sektəmi/ noun

hypophysis cerebri

hypophysis cerebri /hai|pɒfəsis serəbri/

noun same as pituitary glandhypopiesis

hypopiesis /haipəυpai|isis/ noun a tion in which the blood pressure is too lowhypopituitarism

condi-hypopituitarism /haipəυpi|tjuitəriz(ə)m/

noun a condition in which the pituitary gland isunderactive

hypoplasia

hypoplasia /haipəυ|pleiziə/ noun a lack ofdevelopment or incorrect formation of a body tis-sue or an organ

hypoplastic left heart

hypoplastic left heart /haipəυ|plstik left

hɑt/ noun a serious heart disorder in which theleft side of the heart does not develop properly,leading to death within six weeks of birth unlesssurgery is performed

hypoproteinaemia

hypoproteinaemia /haipəυprəυti|nimiə/

noun a condition in which there is not enoughprotein in the blood

hypoprothrombinaemia

hypoprothrombinaemia /haipəυprəυ|

θrɒmbi|nimiə/ noun a condition in which there

is not enough prothrombin in the blood, so thatthe person bleeds and bruises easily

hypopyon

hypopyon /haipə|paiən/ noun an tion of pus in the aqueous humour in the frontchamber of the eye

accumula-hyposensitive

hyposensitive /haipəυ|sensitiv/ adjective

being less sensitive than usualhypospadias

hypospadias /haipə|speidiəs/ noun a genital condition of the wall of the male urethra orthe vagina, so that the opening occurs on theunder side of the penis or in the vagina Compare

con-epispadias

hypostasis

hypostasis /hai|pɒstəsis/ noun a condition inwhich fluid accumulates in part of the bodybecause of poor circulation

hypostatic

hypostatic /haipəυ|sttik/ adjective ring to hypostasis

refer-hypostatic eczema

hypostatic eczema /haipəυsttik eksimə/

noun same as varicose eczemahypostatic pneumonia

hypostatic pneumonia /haipəυsttik nju|

məυniə/ noun pneumonia caused by fluid mulating in the lungs of a bedridden person with

accu-a weaccu-ak heaccu-arthyposthenia

hyposthenia /haipɒs|θiniə/ noun a condition

of unusual bodily weaknesshypotension

hypotension /haipəυ|tenʃən/ noun a tion in which the pressure of the blood is unusu-ally low Also called low blood pressure Com-pare hypertension

condi-hypotensive

hypotensive /haipə|tensiv/ adjective havinglow blood pressure

hypothalamic

hypothalamic /haipəυθə|lmik/ adjective

referring to the hypothalamushypothalamic hormone

hypothalamic hormone /haipəυθə|lmik

hɔməυn/ noun same as releasing hormonehypothalamus

hypothalamus /haipəυ|θləməs/ noun thepart of the brain above the pituitary gland, which

141 hysterotrachelorrhaphy

tary gland and regulates important bodily

func-tions such as hunger, thirst and sleep See

illustra-tion at BRAIN in Supplement

hypothalmus

hypothalmus /haipəυ|θlməs/ noun same as

hypothalamus (NOTE: The plural is

hypothal-muses or hypothalmi.)

hypothenar

hypothenar /hai|pɒθinə/ adjective referring to

the soft fat part of the palm beneath the little

fin-ger

hypothenar eminence

hypothenar eminence /hai|pɒθinə

eminəns/ noun a lump on the palm beneath the

little finger Compare thenar

hypothermia

hypothermia /haipəυ|θmiə/ noun a

reduc-tion in body temperature below normal, for

med-ical purposes taken to be below 35°C

hypothesis

hypothesis /hai|pɒθəsis/ noun a suggested

explanation for an observation or experimental

result, which is then refined or disproved by

fur-ther investigation

hypothyroidism

hypothyroidism /haipəυ|θairɔidiz(ə)m/

noun underactivity of the thyroid gland

hypotonia

hypotonia /haipəυ|təυniə/ noun reduced tone

of the skeletal muscles

hypotonic

hypotonic /haipəυ|tɒnik/ adjective 1.

show-ing hypotonia 2 referrshow-ing to a solution with a

lower osmotic pressure than plasma

hypotrichosis

hypotrichosis /haipəυtri|kəυsis/ noun a

condition in which less hair develops than usual

Compare alopecia (NOTE: The plural is

hypotri-choses.)

hypotropia

hypotropia /haipəυ|trəυpiə/ noun a form of

squint where one eye looks downwards

hypoventilation

hypoventilation /haipəυventi|leiʃ(ə)n/

noun very slow breathing

hypovitaminosis

hypovitaminosis /haipəυ|vitəmi|nəυsis/

noun a lack of vitamins

hypoxaemia

hypoxaemia /haipɒk|simiə/ noun an

inade-quate supply of oxygen in the arterial blood

hypoxanthine phosphoribosyl transferase

hypoxanthine phosphoribosyl

trans-ferase /haipəυznθin fɒsfə|ribəsil

trnsfəreis/ noun full form of HPRT

hypoxia

hypoxia /hai|pɒksiə/ noun 1. an inadequate

supply of oxygen to tissue as a result of a lack of

oxygen in the arterial blood 2 same as

sur-hysteria /hi|stiəriə/ noun a term formerly used

in psychiatry, but now informally used for a dition in which the person appears unstable, andmay scream and wave their arms about, but also isrepressed, and may be slow to react to outsidestimuli (dated)

con-hysterical

hysterical /hi|sterik(ə)l/ adjective referring to

a reaction showing hysteria (informal)

hysteroptosis /histərɒp|təυsis/ noun lapse of the uterus

pro-hysterosalpingo-contrast sonography

hysterosalpingo-contrast sonography

/histerəυ|slpiŋəυ kɒntrɑst sɒn|ɒrəfi/

noun examination of the uterus and Fallopiantubes by ultrasound Abbreviation HYCOSYhysterosalpingography

hysterosalpingography /histərəυ|slpiŋ|

ɒrəfi/ noun an X-ray examination of theuterus and Fallopian tubes following injection ofradio-opaque material Also called uterosalp-

hysterosalpingostomy /histərəυ|slpiŋ|

ɒstəmi/ noun an operation to remake an ing between the uterine tube and the uterus, tohelp with infertility problems

hysterotomy /histə|rɒtəmi/ noun a surgicalincision into the uterus, as in caesarean section orfor some types of abortion

hysterotrachelorrhaphy

hysterotrachelorrhaphy /histərəυ|trkiə|

lɒrəfi/ noun an operation to repair a tear in thecervix

iatrogenesis /ai|trəυ|d enəsis/ noun any

condition caused by the actions of doctors or

other healthcare professionals

iatrogenic

iatrogenic /ai|trə|d enik/ adjective referring

to a condition which is caused by a doctor’s

treat-ment for another disease or condition 쑗 an

iatro-genic infection

IBS

ibuprofen

ibuprofen /aibju|prəυfən/ noun a

nonsteroi-dal anti-inflammatory drug that relieves pain and

swelling, especially in arthritis and rheumatism

It is also widely used as a household painkiller

ice pack

ice pack /ais pk/ noun a cold compress made

of lumps of ice wrapped in a cloth, and pressed on

a swelling or bruise to reduce the pain

ichthamol

ichthamol /ik|θmɒl/ noun a thick dark red

liquid which is a mild antiseptic and analgesic,

used in the treatment of skin diseases

ichthyosis

ichthyosis /ikθi|əυsis/ noun a hereditary

con-dition in which the skin does not form properly,

resulting in a dry, non-inflammatory and scaly

Nurses 2 infection control nurse

ICP

ICRC

the Red Cross

icterus /iktərəs/ noun same as jaundice

icterus gravis neonatorum

icterus gravis neonatorum /iktərəs

rvis niəυnə|tɔrəm/ noun jaundice

associ-ated with erythroblastosis fetalis

unconscious drives which exist in hidden forms in

a personideation

ideation /aidi|eiʃ(ə)n/ noun the act or process

of imagining or forming thoughts and ideasidentical twins

identical twins /ai|dentik(ə)l twinz/ plural

noun twins who are exactly the same in ance because they developed from the sameovum Also called monozygotic twins, uniovu-

appear-lar twins

identification

identification /ai|dentifi|keiʃ(ə)n/ noun theact of discovering or stating who someone is orwhat something is

idiopathic epilepsy /idiəpθik epi|lepsi/

noun epilepsy not caused by a brain disorder,beginning during childhood or adolescenceidiopathy

idiopathy /idi|ɒpəθi/ noun a condition whichdevelops without any known cause

idiosyncrasy

idiosyncrasy /idiəυ|siŋkrəsi/ noun a way ofbehaving which is particular to one personidiot savant

idiot savant /idiəυ svɒŋ/ noun a personwith learning difficulties who also possesses asingle particular mental ability, such as the ability

to play music by ear, to draw remembered objects

or to do mental calculations, which is very highlydeveloped

idioventricular

idioventricular /idiəυven|trikjυlə/ adjective

relating to the ventricles of the heartidioventricular rhythm

idioventricular rhythm /idiəυven|trikjυlə

rið(ə)m/ noun a slow natural rhythm in the tricles of the heart, but not in the atria

ven-IDK

kneeIg

Ig A antiendomysial antibody

Ig A antiendomysial antibody /ai d i ei

ntiendəυ|maisiəl ntibɒdi/ noun a ical screening test for coeliac disease

ileal bladder /iliəl bldə/, ileal conduit

/iliəl kɒndjuit/ noun an artificial tube formed

when the ureters are linked to part of the ileum,

and that part is linked to an opening in the

abdom-inal wall

ileal pouch

ileal pouch /iliəl paυtʃ/ noun a part of the

small intestine which is made into a new rectum

in a surgical operation, freeing someone from the

need for an ileostomy after their colon is removed

ileectomy

ileectomy /ili|ektəmi/ noun the surgical

removal of all or part of the ileum

ileocaecal /iliəυ|sik(ə)l/ adjective referring

to the ileum and the caecum

ileocaecal orifice

ileocaecal orifice /iliəυsik(ə)l ɒrifis/ noun

an opening where the small intestine joins the

large intestine

ileocaecal valve

ileocaecal valve /iliəυsik(ə)l vlv/ noun a

valve at the end of the ileum, which allows food

to pass from the ileum into the caecum

ileocaecocystoplasty

ileocaecocystoplasty /iliəυ|sikəυ|

saitəυplsti/ noun an operation to reconstruct

the bladder using a piece of the combined ileum

and caecum

ileocolic

ileocolic /iliəυ|kɒlik/ adjective referring to

both the ileum and the colon

ileocolic artery

ileocolic artery /iliəυkɒlik ɑtəri/ noun a

branch of the superior mesenteric artery

ileocolitis

ileocolitis /iliəυkə|laitis/ noun inflammation

of both the ileum and the colon

ileocolostomy

ileocolostomy /iliəυkə|lɒstəmi/ noun a

sur-gical operation to make a link directly between

the ileum and the colon

ileoproctostomy

ileoproctostomy /iliəυprɒk|tɒstəmi/ noun a

surgical operation to create a link between the

ileum and the rectum

ileorectal

ileorectal /iliəυ|rekt(ə)l/ adjective referring to

both the ileum and the rectum

ileosigmoidostomy

ileosigmoidostomy /iliəυsimɔi|dɒstəmi/

noun a surgical operation to create a link between

the ileum and the sigmoid colon

ileostomy

ileostomy /ili|ɒstəmi/ noun a surgical

opera-tion to make an opening between the ileum and

the abdominal wall to act as an artificial opening

for excretion of faeces

ileostomy bag

ileostomy bag /ili|ɒstəmi b/ noun a bag

attached to the opening made by an ileostomy, to

collect faeces as they are passed out of the body

ileum

ileum /iliəm/ noun the lower part of the small

intestine, between the jejunum and the caecum

Compare ilium See illustration at DIGESTIVE SYS

-TEM in Supplement (NOTE: The plural is ilea.)

ileus

ileus /iliəs/ noun obstruction of the intestine,

usually distension caused by loss of muscular

action in the bowel 쒁 paralytic ileus

iliococcygeal /iliəυkɒk|sid ist/ noun a cialist in immunology

spe-immunology

immunology /imjυ|nɒləd i/ noun the study

of immunity and immunisationimmunosuppressant

immunosuppressant /imjυnəυ|sə|

pres(ə)nt/ noun a drug used to act against theresponse of the immune system to reject a trans-planted organ

immunosuppression

immunosuppression /imjυnəυ|sə|

preʃ(ə)n/ noun the suppression of the body’snatural immune system so that it will not reject atransplanted organ

immunosuppressive

immunosuppressive /imjυnəυ|sə|presiv/

noun a drug used to counteract the response of theimmune system to reject a transplanted organ쐽

adjective counteracting the immune systemimmunotherapy

immunotherapy /imjυnəυ|θerəpi/ noun 쏡

impacted /im|pktid/ adjective tightly pressed

or firmly lodged against somethingimpacted faeces

impacted faeces /im|pktid fisiz/ plural

noun extremely hard dry faeces which cannotpass through the anus and have to be surgicallyremoved

impacted fracture

impacted fracture /im|pktid frktʃə/

noun a fracture where the broken parts of the

145 incidence rate

impacted tooth

impacted tooth /im|pktid tuθ/ noun a

tooth which is held against another tooth and so

cannot grow normally

impacted ureteric calculus

impacted ureteric calculus /im|pktid

jυəriterik klkjυləs/ noun a small hard mass

of mineral salts which is lodged in a ureter

impaction

impaction /im|pkʃən/ noun a condition in

which things are closely pressed together and

cannot develop or move normally

impair

impair /im|peə/ verb to harm a sense or function

so that it does not work properly

impaired hearing

impaired hearing /im|peəd hiəriŋ/ noun

hearing which is not clear and sharp

impaired vision

impaired vision /im|peəd vi (ə)n/ noun

eye-sight which is not fully clear

impairment

impairment /im|peəmənt/ noun a condition in

which a sense or function is harmed so that it does

not work properly 쑗 His hearing impairment

does not affect his work 쑗 The impairment was

progressive, but she did not notice that her

eye-sight was getting worse.

impalpable

impalpable /im|plpəb(ə)l/ adjective not able

to be felt when touched

imperforate anus /im|pf(ə)rət einəs/

noun same as proctatresia

imperforate hymen

imperforate hymen /im|pf(ə)rət haimen/

noun a membrane in the vagina which is missing

the opening for the menstrual flow

impermeable

impermeable /im|pmiəb(ə)l/ adjective not

allowing liquids or gases to pass through

impetigo

impetigo /impi|taiəυ/ noun an irritating and

very contagious skin disease caused by

staphylo-cocci, which spreads rapidly and is easily passed

from one child to another, but can be treated with

antibiotics

implant

implant noun /implɑnt/ something grafted or

inserted into a person, e.g tissue, a drug, inert

material or a device such as a pacemaker쐽 verb

/im|plɑnt/ 1. to fix into something 쑗 The ovum

implants in the wall of the uterus. 2 to graft or

insert tissue, a drug, inert material or a device 쑗

The site was implanted with the biomaterial.

implantation

implantation /implɑn|teiʃ(ə)n/ noun 1. the

act of grafting or inserting tissue, a drug, inert

material or a device into a person, or the

introduc-tion of one tissue into another surgically 2 a place

in or on the body where an implant is positioned

3 same as nidation

implant site

implant site /implɑnt sait/ noun a place in or

on the body where the implant is positioned

implosion

implosion /im|pləυ (ə)n/ noun the violent

inward collapse of a hollow structure It happens

when the pressure outside the structure is greater

impotence

impotence /impət(ə)ns/ noun the inability in

a male to have an erection or to ejaculate, and sohave sexual intercourse

impotent

impotent /impət(ə)nt/ adjective (of a man)

unable to have sexual intercourseimpregnate

impregnate /impreneit/ verb 1. to make afemale pregnant 2 to soak a cloth with a liquid 쑗

a cloth impregnated with antiseptic

impulse /impls/ noun 1. a message ted by a nerve 2 a sudden feeling of wanting toact in a specific way

transmit-

inaccessible

inaccessible /inək|sesib(ə)l/ adjective 1.

physically difficult or impossible to reach 2 verytechnical and difficult to understand

with-2 unable to speak fluently or intelligibly 3 not

understandable as speech or language

in articulo mortis

in articulo mortis /in ɑ|tikjυləυ mɔtis/

adverb a Latin phrase meaning ‘at the onset ofdeath’

inborn

inborn /in|bɔn/ adjective congenital, which is

in the body from birth 쑗 A body has an inborn tendency to reject transplanted organs.

inbreeding

inbreeding /inbridiŋ/ noun a situation whereclosely related males and females, or those withvery similar genetic make-up, have childrentogether, so allowing congenital conditions to bepassed on

incapacitated

incapacitated /inkə|psiteitid/ adjective

not able to act or work 쑗 He was incapacitated for three weeks by his accident.

incarcerated

incarcerated /in|kɑsəreitid/ adjective ring to a hernia which cannot be corrected byphysical manipulation

inter-incidence /insid(ə)ns/ noun the number oftimes something happens in a specific populationover a period of time 쑗 the incidence of drug- related deaths 쑗 Men have a higher incidence of strokes than women.

incidence rate

incidence rate /insid(ə)ns reit/ noun thenumber of new cases of a disease during a given

incipient 146

incipient

incipient /in|sipiənt/ adjective just beginning

or in its early stages 쑗 He has an incipient

appen-dicitis 쑗 The tests detected incipient diabetes

mellitus.

incision

incision /in|si (ə)n/ noun a cut in a person’s

body made by a surgeon using a scalpel, or any

cut made with a sharp knife or razor 쑗 The first

incision is made two millimetres below the second

rib Compare excision

incisional

incisional /in|si (ə)n(ə)l/ adjective referring to

an incision

incisional hernia

incisional hernia /in|si (ə)n(ə)l hniə/

noun a hernia which breaks through the

abdomi-nal wall at a place where a surgical incision was

made during an operation

incisor

incisor /in|saizə/, incisor tooth /in|saizə

are four each in the upper and lower jaws, which

are used to cut off pieces of food See illustration

at TEETH in Supplement

inclusion

inclusion /in|klu (ə)n/ noun something

enclosed inside something else

inclusion bodies

inclusion bodies /in|klu (ə)n bɒdiz/ plural

noun very small particles found in cells infected

by a virus

inclusive

inclusive /in|klusiv/ adjective (of health

serv-ices) provided whether or not someone has a

dis-ability or special needs

incompatibility

incompatibility /inkəmpti|biliti/ noun the

fact of being incompatible 쑗 the incompatibility

of the donor’s blood with that of the patient

incompatible

incompatible /inkəm|ptib(ə)l/ adjective 1.

referring to something which does not go together

with something else 2 referring to drugs which

must not be used together because they undergo

chemical change and the therapeutic effect is lost

or changed to something undesirable 3 referring

to tissue which is genetically different from other

tissue, making it impossible to transplant into that

tissue

incompatible blood

incompatible blood /inkəmptəb(ə)l

bld/ noun blood from a donor that does not

match the blood of the person receiving the

trans-fusion

incompetence

incompetence /inkɒmpit(ə)ns/ noun the

ina-bility to do a particular act, especially a lack of

knowledge or skill which makes a person unable

to do particular job

incompetent cervix

incompetent cervix /in|kɒmpit(ə)nt

sviks/ noun a dysfunctional cervix of the

uterus which is often the cause of spontaneous

abortions and premature births and can be

reme-died by purse-string stitching

incomplete abortion

incomplete abortion /inkəmplit ə|

bɔʃ(ə)n/ noun an abortion where part of the

contents of the uterus is not expelled

incontinence

incontinence /in|kɒntinəns/ noun the

inabil-ity to control the discharge of urine or faeces

trol the bladder Double incontinence is the bility to control both the bladder and the bowels.)

incoordination /inkəυɔdi|neiʃ(ə)n/ noun asituation in which the muscles in various parts ofthe body do not act together, making it impossible

to carry out some actionsincubation

incubation /iŋkjυ|beiʃ(ə)n/ noun 1. thedevelopment of an infection inside the bodybefore the symptoms of the disease appear 2 thekeeping of an ill or premature baby in a controlledenvironment in an incubator 3 the process of cul-turing cells or microorganisms under controlledconditions

incubation period

incubation period /iŋkjυ|beiʃ(ə)n piəriəd/

noun the time during which a virus or bacteriumdevelops in the body after contamination or infec-tion, before the appearance of the symptoms ofthe disease Also called stadium invasioniincubator

incubator /iŋkjυbeitə/ noun 1. an apparatusfor growing bacterial cultures 2 an enclosed con-tainer in which a premature baby can be kept,within which conditions such as temperature andoxygen levels can be controlled

incurable

incurable /in|kjυərəb(ə)l/ adjective who orwhich cannot be cured 쑗 He is suffering from an incurable disease of the blood 쐽 noun a patientwho will never be cured 쑗 She has been admitted

to a hospital for incurables.

incus

incus /iŋkəs/ noun one of the three ossicles inthe middle ear, shaped like an anvil See illustra-tion at EAR in Supplement

independent

independent /indi|pendənt/ adjective notcontrolled by someone or something elseindependent nursing function

independent nursing function

/indipendənt nsiŋ fŋkʃən/ noun any part

of the nurse’s job for which the nurse takes fullresponsibility

indigenous

indigenous /in|did inəs/ adjective 1. natural

or inborn 2 native to or representative of a try or region

coun-indigestion

indigestion /indi|d estʃən/ noun a

distur-147 inferior aspect

the person experiences pain or discomfort in the

stomach 쑗 He is taking tablets to relieve his

indi-gestion or He is taking indiindi-gestion tablets 쒁

dys-pepsia

indigo carmine

indigo carmine /indiəυ kɑmain/ noun a

blue dye which is injected into a person to test

how well their kidneys are working

indirect contact

indirect contact /indairekt kɒntkt/ noun

the fact of catching a disease by inhaling germs or

by being in contact with a vector

individualise

individualise /indi|vid uə|laiz/,

individual-ize verb to provide something that matches the

needs of a specific person or situation 쑗

individ-ualised care

individualised nursing care

individualised nursing care

/individjuəlaizd nsiŋ keə/ noun care which

is designed to provide exactly what one particular

patient needs 쑗 The home’s staff are specially

trained to provide individualised nursing care.

Indocid

Indocid /indəsid/ a trade name for

indometh-acin

indolent

indolent /indələnt/ adjective 1. causing little

pain 2 referring to an ulcer which develops

slowly and does not heal

indomethacin

indomethacin /indəυ|meθəsin/ noun a drug

that reduces pain, fever and inflammation,

espe-cially that caused by arthritis

induced abortion /in|djust ə|bɔʃ(ə)n/ noun

an abortion which is deliberately caused by drugs

or by surgery

induction

induction /in|dkʃən/ noun 1. the process of

starting or speeding up the birth of a baby 2 the

stimulation of an enzyme’s production when the

substance on which it acts increases in

concentra-tion 3 a process by which one part of an embryo

influences another part’s development 4

infor-mation and support given to new employees in an

organisation

induction of labour

induction of labour /in|dkʃən əv leibə/

noun the action of starting childbirth artificially

induration

induration /indjυə|reiʃ(ə)n/ noun the

harden-ing of tissue or of an artery because of

pathologi-cal change

industrial disease

industrial disease /in|dstriəl di|ziz/ noun

a disease which is caused by the type of work

done by a worker or by the conditions in which he

or she works, e.g by dust produced or chemicals

used in the factory

inebriation

inebriation /i|nibri|eiʃ(ə)n/ noun a state

where a person is drunk, especially habitually

infantile /infəntail/ adjective referring to smallchildren

infantile convulsions

infantile convulsions /infəntail kən|

vlʃənz/, infantile spasms plural noun sions or minor epileptic fits in small childreninfantile paralysis

convul-infantile paralysis /infəntail pə|rləsis/

noun a former name for poliomyelitisinfantilism

infantilism /in|fntiliz(ə)m/ noun a condition

in which a person keeps some characteristics of

an infant when he or she becomes an adultinfant mortality rate

infant mortality rate /infənt mɔ|tliti

reit/ noun the number of infants who die perthousand births

infarct

infarct /infɑkt/ noun an area of tissue which iskilled when the blood supply is cut off by theblockage of an artery

infarction

infarction /in|fɑkʃ(ə)n/ noun a condition inwhich tissue is killed by the cutting off of theblood supply

infect

infect /in|fekt/ verb to contaminate someone orsomething with microorganisms that cause dis-ease or toxins 쑗 The disease infected her liver 쑗

The whole arm soon became infected.

infected wound

infected wound /in|fektid wund/ noun awound into which bacteria have enteredinfection

infection /in|fekʃən/ noun 1. the entry or duction into the body of microorganisms, whichthen multiply 쑗 As a carrier he was spreading infection to other people in the office. 2 an illness

intro-which is caused by the entry of microbes into thebody 쑗 She is susceptible to minor infections.

infectious

infectious /in|fekʃəs/ adjective referring to adisease which is caused by microorganisms andcan be transmitted to other persons by directmeans 쑗 This strain of flu is highly infectious 쑗

Her measles is at the infectious stage.

infectious disease

infectious disease /in|fekʃəs di|ziz/ noun adisease caused by microorganisms such as bacte-ria, viruses or fungi 쒁 communicable disease,

contagious disease

infectious mononucleosis

infectious mononucleosis /in|fekʃəs

mɒnəυ|njukli|əυsis/ noun an infectious ease where the body has an excessive number ofwhite blood cells Also called glandular feverinfectious parotitis

dis-infectious parotitis /in|fekʃəs prə|taitis/

noun same as mumpsinfective

infective /in|fektiv/ adjective referring to a ease caused by a microorganism, which can becaught from another person but which may notalways be directly transmitted

inferiority 148

inferiority

inferiority /in|fiəri|ɒriti/ noun the fact of being

lower in value or quality, substandard

inferiority complex

inferiority complex /in|fiəri|ɒriti

kɒmpleks/ noun a mental disorder arising from

a combination of wanting to be noticed and fear of

humiliation The resulting behaviour may either

be aggression or withdrawal from the external

world

inferior mesenteric artery

inferior mesenteric artery /in|fiəriə mesen|

terik ɑtəri/ noun one of the arteries which

sup-ply the transverse colon and rectum

inferior vena cava

inferior vena cava /in|fiəriə vinə kɑvə/

noun the main vein carrying blood from the lower

part of the body to the heart See illustration at

HEART in Supplement, KIDNEY in Supplement

infertility

infertility /infə|tiliti/ noun the fact of not being

fertile, not able to reproduce

infestation

infestation /infe|steiʃ(ə)n/ noun the fact of

having large numbers of parasites, or an invasion

of the body by parasites 쑗 The condition is

caused by infestation of the hair with lice.

infiltrate

infiltrate /infiltreit/ verb (of liquid or waste) to

pass from one part of the body to another through

a wall or membrane and be deposited in the other

part of the body

infiltration

infiltration /infil|treiʃ(ə)n/ noun 1. the

proc-ess where a liquid passes through the walls of one

part of the body into another part 2 a condition in

which waste is brought to and deposited around

cells

infirm

infirm /in|fm/ adjective old and weak

infirmary

infirmary /in|fməri/ noun 1. a room in a

school or workplace where people can go if they

are ill 2 a former name for a hospital (NOTE:

Infirmary is still used in the names of some

hos-pitals: the Glasgow Royal Infirmary.)

infirmity

infirmity /in|fmiti/ noun a lack of strength

and energy because of illness or age (formal)

inflamed

inflamed /in|fleimd/ adjective sore, red and

swollen 쑗 The skin has become inflamed around

the sore.

inflammation

inflammation /inflə|meiʃ(ə)n/ noun the fact

of having become sore, red and swollen as a

reac-tion to an infecreac-tion, an irritareac-tion or a blow 쑗 She

has an inflammation of the bladder or a bladder

inflammation 쑗 The body’s reaction to infection

took the form of an inflammation of the eyelid.

inflammatory

inflammatory /in|flmət(ə)ri/ adjective

caus-ing an organ or a tissue to become sore, red and

swollen

inflammatory bowel disease

inflammatory bowel disease /in|

flmət(ə)ri baυəl di|ziz/ noun any condition,

e.g Crohn’s disease, colitis or ileitis, in which the

bowel becomes inflamed

inflammatory response

inflammatory response /in|flmət(ə)ri ri|

spɒns/, inflammatory reaction /in|

flmət(ə)ri ri|kʃən/ noun any condition

where an organ or a tissue reacts to an external

stimulus by becoming inflamed 쑗 She showed an inflammatory response to the ointment.

influenza

influenza /influ|enzə/ noun an infectious ease of the upper respiratory tract with fever andmuscular aches, which is transmitted by a virusand can occur in epidemics Also called fluinformed

dis-informed /in|fɔmd/ adjective having the latestinformation

informed consent

informed consent /in|fɔmd kən|sent/ noun

an agreement to allow a procedure to be carriedout, given by a patient, or the guardian of apatient, who has been provided with all the neces-sary information

infra-infrared rays /infrəred reiz/ plural noun longinvisible rays, below the visible red end of the col-our spectrum, used to produce heat in body tis-sues in the treatment of traumatic and inflamma-tory conditions 쒁 light therapy

infundibulum

infundibulum /infn|dibjυləm/ noun anypart of the body shaped like a funnel, especiallythe stem which attaches the pituitary gland to thehypothalamus

infusion

infusion /in|fju (ə)n/ noun 1. a drink made bypouring boiling water on a dry substance such asherb tea or a powdered drug 2 the process ofputting of liquid into someone’s body, using adrip

ingesta

ingesta /in|d estə/ plural noun food or liquidthat enters the body via the mouth

ingestion

ingestion /in|d estʃən/ noun the act of taking

in food, drink or medicine by the mouthingrowing toenail

ingrowing toenail /inrəυiŋ təυneil/,

ingrowing nail /inrəυiŋ neil /, ingrown

toe-nail /inrəυn təυneil/ noun a toenail which isgrowing into the skin at the side of the nail, caus-ing pain and swelling The toenail cuts into thetissue on either side of it, creating inflammationand sometimes sepsis and ulceration

of the uterus in the femaleinguinal hernia

inguinal hernia /iŋwin(ə)l hniə/ noun ahernia where the intestine bulges through themuscles in the groin

inguinal ligament

inguinal ligament /iŋwin(ə)l liəmənt/

noun a ligament in the groin, running from thespine to the pubis Also called Poupart’s liga-

ment

inguinal region

inguinal region /iŋwin(ə)l rid ... to part of the ileum,

and that part is linked to an opening in the

abdom-inal wall

ileal pouch

ileal pouch /iliəl paυtʃ/ noun a part of. .. /infiltreit/ verb (of liquid or waste) to

pass from one part of the body to another through

a wall or membrane and be deposited in the other

part of the body

infiltration... region /haipəυ|kɒndrik

ridən/ noun one of two parts of the upperabdomen, on either side of the epigastrium belowthe floating ribs

hypochondrium