11 An intu-itionist, on the other hand, might say that some num-bers may be so big that they are physically impossible to calculate or express in a meaningful way, and so do not truly “
Trang 1Questions 19–24 are based on the following passage.
The following is an excerpt from a book on
ge-nomics, the new science of gathering and using
the information encoded in the genes of an
organism.
Biology is being reborn as an information
sci-ence, a progeny of the Information Age As
in-formation scientists, biologists concern
themselves with the messages that sustain life,
such as the intricate series of signals that tell a
fertilized egg to develop into a full-grown
or-ganism, or the orchestrated response the
im-mune system makes to an invading pathogen
Molecules convey information, and it is their
messages that are of paramount importance
Each molecule interacts with a set of other
molecules and each set communicates with
an-other set, such that all are interconnected
Net-works of molecules give rise to cells; netNet-works
of cells produce multicellular organisms;
net-works of people bring about cultures and
soci-eties; and networks of species encompass
ecosystems Life is a web and the web is life
Ironically, it was the euphoria for molecules
that touched off this scientific revolution In
the 1980s only a tiny percentage of the
mil-lions of different molecular components of
liv-ing beliv-ings was known In order to gain access
to these molecules, a new science and even a
new industry had to be created Genomics is
the development and application of research
tools that uncover and analyze thousands of
different molecules at a time This new
ap-proach to biology has been so successful that
universities have created entire departments
devoted to it, and all major pharmaceutical
companies now have large genomics
divi-sions Genomics has granted biologists
un-precedented access to the molecules of life,
but this is more than just a technological
revo-lution Through genomics massive amounts of
biological information can be converted into
an electronic format This directly links the
life sciences to the information sciences,
thereby facilitating a dramatically new
frame-work for understanding life
Information is a message, a bit of news
It may be encoded or decoded It may be
GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE
conveyed by smoke signals, pictures, sound waves, electromagnetic waves, or innumer-ous other media, but the information itself is not made of anything It has no mass Fur-thermore, information always has a sender and an intended receiver This implies an un-derlying intent, meaning, or purpose Infor-mation theory thus may seem unfit for the cold objectivism of science The focus of the information sciences, however, is not so much on information content, but rather on how messages are conveyed, processed, and stored
Advances in this area have been great and have helped to propel the remarkable develop-ment of the computer and telecommunication industries Could these forces be harnessed to better understand the human body and to im-prove human health?
19. The primary purpose of this passage is to (A) refute a theory
(B) describe the origins of a misconception (C) analyze different perspectives on a phenomenon
(D) describe a new trend in a field of study (E) suggest a new method of teaching
20. The passage mentions each of the following as
an example of elements interrelating to form a larger whole EXCEPT
(A) molecules forming a cell (B) organisms forming an ecosystem (C) pathogens forming the immune system (D) individuals forming a society
(E) cells forming an organism
21. The passage mentions the “orchestrated response” (line 7) primarily as an example of (A) the coordinated efforts of scientists (B) molecules conveying information (C) the work being done to promote genomics
(D) the similarity between cells and computers
(E) an unrealized potential of the cell
Line
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
Transducing the Genome, Gary Zweiger, McGraw-Hill, pp xi–xii
Trang 2(A) new university buildings are being built
(B) the immune system attacks a pathogen
(C) networks of molecules give rise to cells
(D) genomics research receives more federal
funding
(E) biological data is translated into a new
form
23. According to the passage, information theory
“may seem unfit for the cold objectivism of
science” (line 51–52) because
(A) it is better suited to commercial industry
than to academic study
(B) it can be conveyed by sound waves
(C) it suggests that messages may have
meaning or purpose
(D) it is not rigorously studied
(E) it analyzes biological information
rest of the passage?
(A) It modifies a theory presented earlier (B) It provides a solution to a problem men-tioned earlier
(C) It raises doubts about the value of genomics
(D) It indicates actual and potential conse-quences of genomics
(E) It mentions a viable alternative to genomics
If you finish before time is called, you may
Trang 31. The controversial themes, which resonate with recent political events, explain why the book is selling at such a feverish pace
(A) explain why the book is selling at such a feverish pace
(B) explains the feverish pace of the book (C) explain the reason for the pace of the book’s feverish sales
(D) explains why the book’s selling pace is so feverish
(E) is why the book is selling well
2. One of the best features of the journalist’s lifestyle is you never know what’s next (A) you never know what’s next (B) it’s so unpredictable (C) that you never know what’s next (D) one can never predict what’s next (E) its unpredictability
3. Despite having an engaging personality and an outstanding education, Greg’s search for a sat-isfying job was fruitless
(A) Greg’s search for a satisfying job was fruitless
(B) Greg searched fruitlessly for a satisfying job
(C) Greg’s job search was fruitless because
he insisted on a satisfying job (D) the satisfying job that Greg sought was nowhere to be found
(E) Greg searched for a satisfying job, but it was fruitless
SECTION 4 Time—25 minutes
35 questions
Turn to Section 4 of your answer sheet to answer the questions in this section.
Directions: For each question in this section, select the best answer from among the choices given and
fill in the corresponding circle on the answer sheet
GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE
The following sentences test correctness and
effectiveness of expression Part of each
sen-tence or the entire sensen-tence is underlined;
beneath each sentence are five ways of
phras-ing the underlined material Choice A repeats
the original phrasing; the other four choices
are different Select the choice that
com-pletes the sentence most effectively
In making your selection, follow the
require-ments of standard written English; that is,
pay attention to grammar, choice of words,
sentence construction, and punctuation
Your selection should result in the most
effective sentence—clear and precise,
with-out awkwardness or ambiguity
EXAMPLE:
The children couldn’t hardly believe their
eyes
(A) couldn’t hardly believe their eyes
(B) could hardly believe their eyes
(C) would not hardly believe their eyes
(D) couldn’t nearly believe their eyes
(E) couldn’t hardly believe his or her eyes
A B C D E
Trang 4(A) and it was not even faithful to the novel
(B) nor was it faithful to the novel
(C) nor faithful to the novel
(D) and certainly not faithful to the novel
(E) yet hardly faithful to the novel
5. We were astonished that the package had took
so long to get to its destination
(A) had took so long to get
(B) had took so long getting
(C) had taken so long in its getting
(D) had taken so long to get
(E) had been so long getting
6. The committee agreed that the new principal
should be able to inspire teachers, uphold
tra-dition, and, above all, he or she must maintain
a scholarly atmosphere
(A) he or she must maintain a scholarly
atmosphere
(B) they should maintain a scholarly
atmosphere
(C) maintain a scholarly atmosphere
(D) keep things scholarly
(E) he or she should keep things scholarly
7. Although critics say that many have portrayed
Othello with more passion than he, they can’t
help but admire his acting
(A) he, they can’t help but admire his acting
(B) him, they can’t help but admire his acting
(C) he, they can’t help but admire him acting
(D) him, they can’t help but admire him
acting
(E) him, they must only admire his acting
(A) of the battling rams appeared to feel the pain of their wounds
(B) of the battling rams appeared to feel the pain of its wounds
(C) ram, that was battling, appeared to feel the pain of their wounds
(D) ram who were battling appeared to feel the pain of its wounds
(E) battling ram appeared as if to feel the pain of their wounds
9. Walking into her house after a hard day’s work, Liz’s family surprised her with a warm, delicious meal and a clean house
(A) Liz’s family surprised her with a warm, delicious meal and a clean house (B) Liz was surprised to find a warm, deli-cious meal and a clean house, courtesy
of her family (C) Liz’s family made her a warm, delicious meal and cleaned the house, surprising her
(D) Liz found a warm, delicious meal and a clean house surprising her from her family
(E) a warm, delicious meal and a clean house surprised Liz, courtesy of her family
10. An increasing number of students are coming
to realize that an education at a public univer-sity can be as good, if not better, than an elite private college
(A) as good, if not better, than an elite pri-vate college
(B) as good, if not better, as one at an elite private college
(C) as good as, if not better, than an elite private college education
(D) as good an education as, if not better, than one at an elite private college (E) as good as, if not better than, one at an
Trang 5GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE
11. S J Perelman, whose hallmark of a
grandilo-quent writing style is widely regarded as one of
the finest American wits of all time
(A) S J Perelman, whose hallmark of a
grandiloquent writing style is
(B) Being that his hallmark is a
grandilo-quent writing style, S J Perelman is
(C) S J Perelman’s grandiloquent writing
style is his hallmark and is
(D) S J Perelman and his hallmark of a
grandiloquent writing style are
(E) S J Perelman, whose hallmark is a
grandiloquent writing style, is
12. The lack of progress
in international relations reveals that
governments must study the art of
C diplomacy much closer No error
13. Because Deborah has been a representative for over 20 years and also her popularity among her constituents, few are willing
to challenge her in an election No error
14. Caravaggio demonstrated the great range
of his artistic talent in such paintings as
“Bacchus” and “Basket of Fruit,” painted in
1593 and 1596, respectfully No error
15. Grizzly bears rarely show aggression toward humans, but they will protect their territory from anyone whom they
would have considered to be a threat
No error
A
B C
A
A B
C D E
The following sentences test your ability to
recognize grammar and usage errors Each
sentence contains either a single error or no
error at all No sentence contains more than
one error The error, if there is one, is
under-lined and lettered If the sentence contains an
error, select the one underlined part that must
be changed to make the sentence correct If the
sentence is correct, select choice E In
choos-ing answers, follow the requirements of
stan-dard written English
EXAMPLE:
By the time they reached the halfway point
A
in the race, most of the runners hadn’t hardly
begun to hit their stride No error
E
A B C D E
Trang 6the other restaurants we frequent, so
we prefer to go there when
we are entertaining guests No error
21. Before the curtain rose, Anthony wished that he were back in bed, only dreaming about performing in front of
hundreds of strangers rather than actually doing it No error
22. James, like many parents, believes that if a child can read at a very young age, they will grow to have exceptional literary talent
No error
23. The decline of the Enlightenment was hastened not only by tyrants but also because of intellectual opposition No error
Beautiful” was stirring, particularly after the
children had finished their presentation on
the meaning of freedom No error
17. Andre suggested to the board that both the
fund deficit and the disillusionment of the
investors were a problem that
had to be addressed immediately
No error
18. Because Phillips reasoned that either
accepting or rejecting the proposal were
going to upset some political faction,
he decided to delay the vote until
after his reelection No error
19. The Attorney General spoke at length about
the detrimental effects of having less
defense attorneys to serve indigent
defendants No error
A
B C
D E
A B
C D
E
C
A
D E
B
C
A
D E
A
B C D
E
A B
C D E
Trang 724. Although he pitched professionally for 3
decades, Nolan Ryan never lost any velocity
on his fastball, and few maintained such
control over so many pitches as he
No error
25. The Senator and his opponent, Thomas
Cowher, were running a very tight race until
he made a racially insensitive comment that
offended many voters No error
26. Just when those who were observing
the heart transplant procedure assumed
the worst, the surgeons themselves are most
confident No error
GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE
27. Although testing for unsafe levels of asbestos particles is widely advocated for houses built before 1950, many home owners ignore this suggestion No error
28. Between my brother and I existed a strong bond that did not weaken even when he chose to live thousands of miles away on a different continent No error
29. Writing about the folk duo, The Indigo Girls,
one critic has suggested that their longevity
is due to its ability to remain faithful to an honest musical style while stretching the boundaries of convention No error
A B C D
E
A
A
E
A B
C D
E
A B
C D
E
A
B C D
E
Trang 8draft of an essay Some parts of the passage
need to be rewritten
Read the passage and select the best answers
for the questions that follow Some questions
are about particular sentences or parts of
sen-tences and ask you to improve sentence
struc-ture or word choice Other questions ask you
to consider organization and development In
choosing answers, follow the requirements of
standard written English
Questions 30–35 refer to the following passage.
(1) For thousands of years, philosophers have
de-bated whether humans discover mathematics or it is
something that has been invented (2) Plato believed
that perceived mathematical objects like lines were
only vague shadows of abstract “ideals” that exist
out-side of human experience (3) Circular objects or
cir-cles drawn on paper aren’t “really” circir-cles (4) Rather,
they are just a flawed approximation of the perfect
circular form (5) So, in this sense, Plato believed that
mathematics was something revealed imperfectly to
humans, not invented by them (6) Many students
surely wish that mathematics had not been invented
at all (7) A position that opposes Plato’s idealism is
called mathematical intuitionism, which is the belief
that all mathematics is the product of human minds
(8) There is one good way to understand the
dif-ference between idealism and intuitionism (9) Look
at big numbers (10) An idealist would say that all
numbers, no matter how large, truly exist, even if no
one has ever actually calculated them (11) An
intu-itionist, on the other hand, might say that some
num-bers may be so big that they are physically impossible
to calculate or express in a meaningful way, and so do
not truly “exist.”
(12) Another point of view that is different from
these ones is one that says that it is a pointless thing to
ask the question as to whether mathematical objects
“really exist” or not (13) This view simply regards
mathematics as a tool for interpreting information
from the world around us (14) This view is essentially
a compromise between idealism and intuitionism
our minds after perceiving and thinking about many circular objects in the world around us
30. Which of the following is the best revision of the underlined portion of sentence 1 (repro-duced below)?
For thousands of years, philosophers have de-bated whether humans discover mathematics or
it is something that has been invented.
(A) humans discover mathematics or invent it
(B) humans so much discover mathematics
as they do invent it (C) the discovery of mathematics is what humans do or the invention
(D) humans discover mathematics or if it is invented
(E) mathematics is something discovered or
if humans invent it
31. In context, which of the following is the most logical revision of the underlined portion of sentence 3 (reproduced below)?
Circular objects or circles drawn on paper aren’t
“really” circles.
(A) Nevertheless, circular objects (B) According to his reasoning, circular objects
(C) Furthermore, circular objects (D) Secondly, circular objects (E) All the while, circular objects
Trang 934. Which of the following is the best way to com-bine sentences 8 and 9 (reproduced below)?
There is one good way to understand the differ-ence between idealism and intuitionism Look
at big numbers.
(A) One good way to understand the differ-ence between idealism and intuitionism is the following: look at large numbers (B) It is a good way to understand the differ-ence between idealism and intuitionism
in considering large numbers
(C) The consideration of large numbers pro-vides one good way toward the under-standing of the difference between idealism and intuitionism
(D) To consider large numbers is to have one good way of understanding the differ-ence between idealism and intuitionism (E) One good way to understand the differ-ence between idealism and intuitionism
is to consider large numbers
35. In context, which of the following is the best revision of sentence 12 (reproduced below)?
Another point of view that is different from these ones is one that says that it is a pointless thing
to ask the question as to whether mathematical objects “really exist” or not.
(A) A third point of view regards it as point-less to ask whether mathematical objects
“really exist.”
(B) Another, completely different, point of view is the one that regards asking whether or not mathematical objects
“really exist” as pointless
(C) Asking whether mathematical objects
“really exist” is pointless, according to another, third, different point of view (D) The asking of whether mathematical objects “really exist” is a pointless thing, says a third point of view
(E) Another different point of view says it is pointless to ask about whether mathe-matical objects “really exist” or not
32. Which of the following is the best revision of
sentence 4 (reproduced below)?
Rather, they are just a flawed approximation of
the perfect circular form.
(A) But instead they are only a flawed
approxi-mation of the perfect circular form
(B) Rather, they are only flawed
approxima-tions of the perfect circular form
(C) Rather, their forms are merely an
approxi-mation of circular perfection alone
(D) Instead, their approximation of the
perfect circular form mentioned above is
imperfect
(E) Rather, their perfection as circular forms
is only an approximation of it
33. Which of the following sentences contributes
least to the unity of the first paragraph?
(A) Sentence 3
(B) Sentence 4
(C) Sentence 5
(D) Sentence 6
(E) Sentence 7
STOP
If you finish before time is called, you may check your work on this section only Do not turn to any other section of the test.
Trang 1018 questions
Turn to Section 5 of your answer sheet to answer the questions in this section.
Directions: This section contains two types of questions You have 25 minutes to complete both types.
For questions 1–8, solve each problem and decide which is the best of the choices given Fill in the cor-responding circle on the answer sheet You may use any available space for scratchwork
1 The use of a calculator is permitted
2 All numbers used are real numbers
3 Figures that accompany problems in this test are intended to provide information useful in solv-ing the problems They are drawn as accurately as possible EXCEPT when it is stated in a spe-cific problem that the figure is not drawn to scale All figures lie in a plane unless otherwise indicated
4 Unless otherwise specified, the domain of any function f is assumed to be the set of all real num-bers x for which f(x) is a real number.
The number of degrees of arc in a circle is 360
The sum of the measures in degrees of the angles of a triangle is 180
1. If 2x = 10 and 3y = 12, then 4x + 6y =
(A) 10
(B) 12
(C) 22
(D) 32
(E) 44
2. The average (arithmetic mean) of three num-bers is 5 If one of the numnum-bers is 4, what is the sum of the other two numbers?
(A) 8 (B) 9 (C) 10 (D) 11 (E) 12
r
A = πr2
C=2 πr
ᐉ
w
A = ᐉw A = 1 / 2bh V = ᐉwh V = πr2h c2= a2+ b2 Special right triangles
h
w h
r
a
2x
x
s
3
2
30 °
60°
45°
45 °