Sat - MC Grawhill part 17 doc

Synonyms: barren, parched Antonyms: fecund, fertile ❑ astral adj relating to the stars astrum star The supernova is perhaps the most dramatic of astral events.. Synonyms: prolific, abunda

Vocabulary Unit 6 Exercise Set I

Time—8 minutes

For each question, select the best answer among the choices given Note any vocabulary words to review on the Hit List below.

1 Those used to his frequent equivocation in

describing his business dealings were shocked

by his - description of his latest acquisition

(A) forthright

(B) apocryphal

(C) esoteric

(D) boorish

(E) indefatigable

2 Heidi’s sudden indolence was - to her

col-leagues; until recently she had been an

assidu-ous and exemplary employee

(A) an insurrection

(B) a satire

(C) an enigma

(D) an indiscretion

(E) an indictment

3 Decades after being appointed - of the

renow-ned museum, Charles confessed to be only

-who scarcely appreciated the significance of the

great works he oversaw

(A) curator a dilettante

(B) lampoon a dabbler

(C) entrepreneur an amateur

(D) fanatic a nihilist

(E) philanthropist an ascetic

4 The film is a collection of lowbrow - that

lampoon some of the more popular movies of

recent years

(A) parodies

(B) epics

(C) anthologies

(D) strategems

(E) bards

5 The villager’s - behavior was - to the

queen, who was not used to being treated with

such effrontery

(A) tenacious a malapropism

(B) crass a witticism

(C) jocular a moratorium

(D) downtrodden an insult

(E) insolent an affront

6 The press lambasted the congresswoman for her part in the scandal, but she knew that since she was not -, the - was unfair

(A) seditious digression (B) guilty candor (C) veracious prevarication (D) jocular castigation (E) culpable censure

7 Helga was so - that she didn’t even make eye contact with us as we greeted her at her door (A) garrulous

(B) glacial (C) loquacious (D) rapacious (E) industrious

8 The other medical residents were tired of Dr Bob’s -; every other word out of his mouth was an obsequious compliment to a high-ranking doctor or hospital official

(A) belligerence (B) eloquence (C) munificence (D) xenophobia (E) sycophancy

9 Tom’s - ideas contrasted sharply with the conventional views held by the strongly ortho-dox community

(A) truculent (B) diligent (C) iconoclastic (D) scrupulous (E) candid

10 They expected the funeral to be a sedate and somber affair, but were shocked by the grieving husband’s -

(A) orthodoxy (B) mirth (C) irrelevance (D) simplicity (E) decorum

Vocabulary Unit 6 Exercise Set II

Write the meaning next to each root, then write as many words as you can that contain the root.

1 CANDERE

2 LEVIS

3 JOCUS _

4 VERAX _

5 APO-

6 EQUI _

7 BUNKUM _

8 DICTARE _

9 FATIGARE

10 PARA-

11 CRYPTO

12 ORTHOS _

13 CURARE _

14 SURGERE

15 DOXA

Vocabulary Unit 6 Exercise Set III

1 Is it honest to equivocate? Y N

2 Can a task be painstaking? Y N

3 Does a reprehensible person Y N

deserve censure?

4 Is a dilettante very skilled and Y N

experienced?

5 Does an iconoclast conform? Y N

Write the word with the given meaning.

6 merriment m

7 vague n

8 honest f

9 hard work d

10 strong disapproval c

11 unclear a

12 to do what is expected c

13 to reprimand r

14 candid o

15 rebellious i

16 incomprehensible u

17 skilled poet b

18 insubordination s

19 clever remark w

20 doubtful d

21 barbaric b

22 overly submissive s

23 lie p

24 rudely disrespectful i

25 insult a

Write the correct form of the italicized word.

26 a person who is culpable

_

27 having the quality of heresy

_

28 the quality of being diligent

_

29 having the qualities of an iconoclast

_

30 the act of castigating

_

Write the word with the given root.

31 deserving blame (culpa)

_

32 deliberately ambiguous (vocare)

_

33 to punish (rate)

_

34 deep, insightful ( pro-)

_

35 done in a joking way ( jocus)

_

36 attentive to detail (metus)

_

37 truthfulness (verax)

_

38 untiring ( fatiga)

_

39 honesty (candere)

_

40 overly proud (haut)

_

41 of doubtful authenticity (apo-)

_

Unit 6 Exercise Set I Answer Key

1 A Those used to his equivocation (failure

to be straightforward) would be shocked by

straightforwardness.

forthright= honest, straightforward

apocryphal= of doubtful authenticity

esoteric= difficult to understand

boorish= rude

indefatigable= untiring

2 C Heidi had been assiduous (hard-working)

and exemplary (worthy of imitation) Sudden

indolence (laziness) would be surprising and

puzzling, to say the least

insurrection= rebellion

satire= mocking work of literature or drama

enigma= puzzle

indictment= accusation

3 A One who lacks a sophisticated appreciation

of art is a dilettante One who oversees a museum

is a curator.

curator= person in charge of a museum;

dilettante= dabbler in the arts

lampoon = satirical work; dabbler = amateur

entrepreneur = businessman; amateur = novice

fanatic = passionate supporter; nihilist = one

who denies moral absolutes

philanthropist = benefactor; ascetic = monk

4 A Something that lampoons (makes fun of)

something is a satire, spoof, or parody.

parody= a spoof that makes fun of something

epic= a heroic poem

anthology= a collection of works

strategem= a deceitful scheme

bard= a poet

5 E The queen is not used to being treated with

effrontery (rude boldness) This implies that the

villager’s behavior is probably rude and that such

behavior would bother the queen.

tenacious = intense; malapropism = incorrect

use of a word

crass = rude; witticism = funny remark

jocular = joking; moratorium = rest, a break

downtrodden= made submissive by constant

harsh treatment; insult= rude remark

insolent = rude; affront = insult

6 E The congresswoman is getting lambasted

(harshly criticized) in the press She feels that

this criticism is unfair, so she must feel that she

is not guilty.

seditious = insubordinate; digression = aside

guilty = blameworthy; candor = honesty

veracious = truthful; prevarication = lies

jocular = joking; castigation = punishment

culpable = guilty; censure = criticism

7 B Helga did not make eye contact with her guests, a decidedly unfriendly thing to do

garrulous= friendly, talkative

glacial= cold, unfriendly

loquacious= talkative

rapacious= ravenous

industrious= hard-working

8 E The semicolon joins two clauses that support

each other Obsequious compliments are those

that try to curry favor with others He must be a

flatterer.

belligerence= inclination to picking fights

eloquence= skill in speech

munificence= generosity

xenophobia= fear of foreigners

sycophancy= excessive flattery

9 C Tom’s ideas contrasted sharply with the

conventional (typical) views held by the strongly orthodox (traditional) community He must be a nonconformist who eschews tradition.

truculent= cruel

diligent= hard-working

iconoclastic= resistant to tradition

scrupulous= ethical, meticulous

candid= honest

10 B The fact that they are shocked implies that the funeral was not so sedate and somber It must have been happier than they expected.

orthodoxy= strict adherence to dogma

mirth= merriment

irrelevance= lack of importance

decorum= appropriateness of behavior

1 CANDERE: to shine

candid, candor, incandescent,

candle

2 LEVIS: light in weight

levity, relieve, elevate, elevator,

levitate, alleviate, oblivion

3 JOCUS: joke

jocular, jocund, joker, jocose,

juggler, joke

4 VERAX: true

verisimilitude, veracity, verify,

very

5 APO-: away

apocalypse, aphorism,

apostate, apoplexy, apostle,

apothecary, apocryphal,

apology

6 EQUI: equal

equinox, equivalent, equa-nimity, equipotential, equal-ity, inequalequal-ity, equitable, equator, equalize

7 BUNKUM: nonsense

bunk, debunk

8 DICTARE: to declare

dictate, indict, diction, dictum, dictionary

9 FATIGARE: tire

indefatigable, fatigued

10 PARA-: beyond, beside

paraphrase, parasite, para-medic, paranoia, parallel, paramount, paradigm

11 CRYPTO: secret

cryptic, crypt, cryptogram, cryptography

12 ORTHOS: straight, strict

orthography, orthodox, unorthodox, orthopedic, orthodontics, orthodoxy

13 CURARE: to take care of

procure, curator, curate, pedicure, manicure

14 SURGERE: to rise

resurrection, resurgent, insurgent, insurrection, surge

15 DOXA: opinion

orthodox, paradox, heterodox

Unit 6 Exercise Sets II and III Answer Key

Exercise Set II

Exercise Set III

1 N

2 Y

3 Y

4 N

5 N

6 mirth

7 nebulous

8 forthright

9 diligence

10 censure

11 ambiguous

12 conform

13 rebuke or reprove

14 outspoken

15 insurgent

16 unfathomable

17 bard

18 sedition

19 witticism

20 dubious

21 boorish

22 servile

23 prevaricate

24 insolent

25 affront

26 culprit

27 heretical

28 diligence

29 iconoclastic

30 castigation

31 culpable

32 equivocal

33 berate

34 profound

35 jocular

36 meticulous

37 veracity

38 indefatigable

39 candor

40 haughty

41 apocryphal

Vocabulary Unit 7

❑ arid (adj) extremely dry (arere to be dry)

Some regions of Africa have become so arid that entire lakes have evaporated.

Synonyms: barren, parched Antonyms: fecund, fertile

❑ astral (adj) relating to the stars (astrum star)

The supernova is perhaps the most dramatic of astral events.

Synonyms: celestial, cosmic

❑ nautical (adj) pertaining to sailing (naus ship)

The southern tip of Africa poses many nautical challenges to even the most adept and experienced sailor.

Synonyms: marine, maritime

❑ lunar (adj) relating to the moon (luna moon)

The lunar vehicle can traverse some of the rockiest and most forbidding terrain on the moon.

❑ fecund (adj) fertile; fruitful ( fecundus fruitful)

Over the summer, our fecund vegetable garden provided us with an endless supply of wonderful salads.

Synonyms: prolific, abundant Antonyms: barren, infertile, sterile

❑ fallow (adj) unused; plowed but not cultivated

The fallow land would be replanted in two years, once all the nutrients had been restored.

Synonyms: dormant, inactive, uncultivated

❑ cosmic (adj) relating to the universe (kosmos Gr universe, order)

The enormous and unprecedented meteor shower was being hailed as the cosmic event of the century.

Synonyms: astral, celestial, astronomical

❑ celestial (adj) relating to the sky (celum sky, heaven)

Synonyms: heavenly, astral

❑ arable (adj) able to be cultivated (arare to plow)

Synonyms: fertile, fruitful

❑ desiccated (adj) completely dried out

Synonyms: arid, parched

❑ quagmire (n) swampy land; difficult situation (quag bog)

Synonyms: marsh, swamp, bog

❑ bucolic (adj) characteristic of the countryside

Synonyms: rustic, sylvan, rural, pastoral

❑ cultivate (v) to nurture; to grow crops (cultivus tilled)

Synonyms: farm, till, sow

Vocabulary Lesson 43: Earth, Moon, and Sky

Vocabulary Lesson 44: More or Less

❑ paucity (adj) lack; scarcity (paucus few, little)

I love good food, so I’m frustrated by the paucity of good restaurants in town.

Synonyms: dearth, scantiness Antonyms: abundance, plenitude, copiousness

❑ surfeit (n) an excessive amount (sur- over + facere to do)

The surfeit of food on the table for Thanksgiving dinner left us all with bulging stomachs.

Synonyms: glut, plethora, overabundance Antonyms: deficiency, dearth, paucity

❑ copious (adj) abundant (copia abundance)

The copious mistakes in Robert’s final paper showed his lack of effort.

Synonyms: ample, bountiful Antonyms: scanty, sparse, deficient

❑ barren (adj) infertile

The barren land was so devoid of life that it was difficult to find even a weed.

Synonyms: sterile, desolate Antonyms: fecund, fertile

❑ capacious (adj) having lots of room (capax able to hold a lot)

The capacious auditorium had enough seats for all 5,000 students with room to spare.

Synonyms: spacious, voluminous Antonyms: exiguous, scanty

❑ scanty (adj) meager; barely enough

The scanty portions the soldiers received left them hungry and weak.

Synonyms: inadequate, meager, deficient Antonyms: sufficient, adequate

❑ replete (adj) completely filled (re- again + plere to fill)

The old storage facility was replete with decrepit furniture that had far outlived its usefulness.

Synonyms: crammed, stuffed Antonyms: vacant, barren

❑ sparse (adj) thinly dispersed or scattered (sparsus scattered)

Synonyms: scant, scanty, paltry

❑ voluminous (adj) having great size (volumen roll of writing)

Synonyms: cavernous, capacious, plentiful

❑ desolate (adj) deserted (de- completely + solus alone)

Synonyms: uninhabited, barren

❑ diminutive (adj) tiny (de- completely + minuere to make small)

Synonyms: undersized, miniature

❑ meager (adj) inadequate (macer thin)

Synonyms: measly, paltry

❑ rarefy (v) to make less dense or less plentiful (rarus rare + facere to make)

❑ rife (adj) plentiful

Synonyms: abundant, rampant, widespread

Vocabulary Lesson 45: Tough Times

Today’s roots: logia speaking dolus grief

❑ tribulation (n) a cause of great trouble or suffering (tribulare oppress)

Being a pop star is not as glamorous as it seems; it often involves many unforeseen tribulations.

Synonyms: adversity, travail, woe, anguish

❑ despondent (adj) lacking hope (de- without + sperare hope)

With their team trailing by ten runs in the ninth inning, the fans became despondent.

Synonyms: dejected, depressed, disheartened, desperate Antonyms: ecstatic, elated, euphoric

❑ doleful (adj) filled with grief (dolus grief + -ful full of)

The funeral for the child was a doleful affair; it is always so sad to see someone die at such a young age.

Synonyms: crestfallen, depressed, woeful Antonyms: ecstatic, elated, euphoric

❑ anemic (adj) feeble; characterized by oxygen deficiency in the blood (a- without + emia blood)

Our offense was so anemic that we didn’t hit the ball out of the infield the whole game.

Synonyms: pallid, weak, feeble Antonyms: robust, vigorous, hale

❑ malady (n) a disease (mal bad)

The flu is a common malady that strikes millions of people each year.

Synonyms: affliction, ailment, disorder

❑ anguish (n) extreme suffering

The anguish Walter felt when his dog died was unbearable; he could hardly stop crying for a week.

Synonyms: agony, grief, misery Antonyms: ecstasy, elation, euphoria

❑ dirge (n) a funeral song

You may think all dirges are depressing until you’ve been to a New Orleans jazz funeral.

Synonyms: requiem, elegy

❑ blight (n) a diseased condition

Synonyms: curse, affliction

❑ affliction (n) a disorder causing suffering (ad- to + fligere to strike)

Synonyms: adversity, hardship

❑ elegy (n) a poem or song relating to death (legos Gr poem of lament)

Synonyms: dirge, requiem

❑ epitaph (n) an inscription found on a gravestone (epi- Gr over + taphos tomb)

❑ doldrums (n) the blues; persistent unhappiness (dolus grief)

Synonyms: depression, melancholy

❑ adversity (n) hardship

He fought back from adversity to win the title.

Synonym: affliction

Vocabulary Lesson 46: Good Learnin’

❑ etymology (n) the study of the origin of words (etymon Gr true sense + logos word)

A good understanding of etymology can help you succeed on the SAT I.

❑ archaeology (n) the study of past cultures (arkhaios Gr ancient + logia study)

There are many fascinating archaeological sites right in the center of Athens.

❑ anthropology (n) the study of human cultures (anthros humankind + logia study)

Anthropologists are fascinated by the similarities between tribal rituals and modern social conventions.

❑ ethics (n) the study of and philosophy of moral choice (ethos character)

The more deeply one studies ethics, the less one is able to think in terms of moral absolutes.

❑ semantics (n) the study of the meanings of words and symbols (sema sign)

It’s amazing that the noun pedestrian and the adjective pedestrian can be so different semantically.

❑ theology (n) the study of religion (theos god + logia study)

While in Catholic school, we had many theological discussions about the role of God in daily life.

❑ pathology (n) the study of disease (pathos suffering + logia study)

The tissue sample was sent to the pathology lab to determine if there was any disease in the liver.

❑ sociology (n) the study of human social behavior and social institutions (socius fellow + logia study)

I was amazed to learn in sociology class that mandatory schooling until age sixteen is a fairly recent practice.

❑ entomology (n) the study of insects (entomon insect + logia study)

Anna spends so much time burrowing in the yard that she may know more about bugs than most entomologists.

❑ genealogy (n) the study of ancestry (genea descent + logia study)

Sarah was so fascinated by genealogy that she compiled a three-volume guide to her family ancestry.

❑ demographics (n) the study of statistics relating to human populations (demos people + graphein to write)

The demographics reveal that Democratic candidates typically perform better in urban areas than in rural areas.

❑ oncology (n) the study of tumors (onco tumor + logia study)

When my doctor discovered a tumor near my kidney, he referred me to the best oncologist on the staff.

❑ paleontology (n) the study of fossils and ancient life (palai long ago + logia study)

I like to dig in my backyard and pretend I’m a paleontologist making an important fossil discovery.

❑ neurology (n) the study of the human brain and nervous system (neuron Gr nerve)

I love studying the brain, but I don’t want to cut it up; I think I prefer neurology to neurosurgery.

Vocabulary Lesson 47: All Alone

Today’s roots: claudere to close solus alone

❑ hermit (n) one who prefers to live alone (ermita Gr a person of solitude)

The hermit lived alone in a shack in the middle of the woods, more than ten miles from the nearest road.

Synonyms: recluse, loner, eremite Antonyms: socialite, extrovert

❑ ostracize (v) to exclude from a group

Her comments to the others were so self-centered and cruel that she was ostracized for months.

Synonyms: exile, banish Antonyms: welcome, accept

❑ exile (n) a banishment (ex- away)

After the dictator was overthrown, he lived a life of exile far away from his native country.

Synonyms: banishment, ostracism, deportation, expulsion Antonyms: inclusion, welcome

❑ expel (v) to force to leave (ex- away + pellere to push)

The student who slashed the bus tires was expelled and won’t be seen back here again.

Synonyms: discharge, evict Antonyms: invite, admit

❑ recluse (n) one who likes to live alone (re- away + claudere to close)

In To Kill a Mockingbird, the recluse Boo Radley is endlessly fascinating to Scout.

Synonyms: hermit, loner

❑ isolate (v) to place something apart from everything else (insula island)

The patient with tuberculosis was isolated from the other patients so he could not infect them.

Synonyms: detach, segregate Antonyms: include, embrace

❑ solitude (n) isolation; the quality of being alone (solus alone)

Before the two cosmonauts joined him, the lone astronaut on the space station had spent five months in solitude.

Synonyms: seclusion, solitariness, detachment Antonyms: camaraderie, companionship

❑ banish (v) to force to leave an area

Synonyms: exile, ostracize, evict

❑ outcast (n) an individual who has been excluded from a group

Synonyms: castaway, pariah

❑ seclusion (n) privacy (se- apart + claudere to close)

Synonyms: isolation, solitude

❑ pariah (n) an individual who has been excluded from a group

Synonyms: outcast, exile

❑ relegate (v) to banish, to demote in rank (re- back + legare to send)

Synonyms: ostracize, exile

❑ quarantine (n) a period of isolation for someone infected with a contagion (quaranta forty [days])