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+ Ruộng bậc thang: Terraced fields- terraced: form - fields: generic word Terraced fields is a form of cultivation on slopes of minorities in the Northern mountainous regions of Viet

GROUP: 12 1.Trịnh Thị Hồng Tươi 2.Trần Thị Như Ý

3 Phan Thị Kim Ngân

4 Phan Hồng Nhung

Translation & Culture

4 Organizations, customs, activities, procedures, concepts

5 Gestures and habits

III Conclusion

1 Exercises

2 Suggestions

I Introduction

1 Definition : There’re 2 ways to define "culture”

1.1 In general: Culture as the deposit of knowledge, experience,

beliefs, values, attitudes, meanings, social hierarchies, religion, notion of time, roles, spatial relationships, concept of the

universe, and material objects and possessions acquired by a group of people in the course of generations through individual and group striving

1.2 In Translation: Culture is defined as the way of life and its

manifestations that are peculiar to a community that uses a particular language as its means of expression.

 Cultural words are words belong to cultural fields which are

specific to a nation.

2 Cultural categories: including in 5

II Body

+ Ruộng bậc thang: Terraced fields

- terraced: form

- fields: generic word

Terraced fields is a form

of cultivation on slopes of

minorities in the Northern

mountainous regions of

Viet Nam

+ Honeysuckle: climbing plant with fragrant colorful flowers

- climbing : form

- plant: generic word

- fragrant colorful flower:

descriptive

Honeysuckles are arching shrubs or twining vines in the family Caprifoliaceae, native to the Northern Hemisphere.There are about 180 species of honeysuckle

+ Painted Bunting: Chim Painted

Bunting

- Chim: classifier

- Painted Bunting: loan word

Chim Painted Bunting là loài chim

đẹp nhất ở Bắc Mỹ Bộ lông sặc sỡ tuyệt đẹp: cái đầu màu xanh tím, lưng xanh lá, ức và bụng đỏ khiến loài này nổi bật nhưng cũng khó để phát hiện vì chúng thường ẩn trong những tán lá thậm chí khi chúng hót

Bộ lông của những con mái và chim chưa

trưởng thành có màu xanh lá, vàng-xanh

để nguỵ trang

2 Material culture

a) Food: food is for many the most sensitive and important expression of natural culture; food terms are subject

to the widest variety of translation and interpretation procedure.

Examples:

+ Rượu cần: wine drunk out of a jar

through pipes

- wine: generic word

- drunk out of a jar through pipes: form This wine is very popular among the highlanders especially in Tây Nguyên.

b) Clothes: Clothes as cultural

terms may be sufficiently

explained for TL general readers and listeners if the generic noun

or classifier is added.

Examples:

+ Hanbok: the traditional Korean dress

- the traditional Korean: function

- dress: generic word

Hanbok is often characterized

by vibrant colors and simple lines without pockets It is worn during traditional festivals and

celebrations.

+ Aó Yếm: the Vietnamese

women traditional undergarment

- the Vietnamese women

traditional: function

- undergarment: generic word

It is a simple garment with many variations from its basic

form, which is a simple, usually diamond or square-cut piece of cloth draped over a woman's

chest

with strings to tie at the neck

and back.

c) Houses and towns: Many

language communities have a

typical house which for general purposes remains untranslated Examples:

+ Nhà Rông: communal house

in Vietnamese Highlands

- communal: function

- house: generic word

Nhà Rông: a type of house on stilts, this is a house used as a

gathering place for villagers in the villages on Highlands

- transport: generic word

A runner draws a

two-wheeled cart which seats one or two persons Rickshaws are

commonly made with bamboo.

+ Xe lam: three-wheeled taxi

3 Social culture: In considering social culture one has

to distinguish between denotative and connotative

- Indian traditional: function

- melody: generic word

It is a series of five or more musical notes upon which

a melody is made In the Indian musical tradition,

raga are associated with different times of the day,

or with seasons.

+Tuồng: classical drama

- classical: function

- drama: generic word

A type of traditional art in Viet Nam which

is developed from a

form of folk stage of

Vietnamese literature.

4 Organization, customs, activities, concepts,…

a Political and administrative: the political and social life of a country is reflected in its institutional terms

is the official residence and

principal workplace of the president

of United States.

+ Bản: mountain village

- mountain: classifier

- village: generic word

a place where minorities live, or called “ làng” in plains

b) Religious: The language of the other world religions tends to be transferred when it become of TL interest, the commonest words being naturalized.

Examples:

+ Karma: an Indian religion

- Indian: classifier

- religion: generic word

is the concept of “action” or “deed”, understood as that which cause the entire cycle of “cause and effect”

c) Artistic: The translation of

artistic terms referring to

movements processes and

organization generally depends on

the putative knowledge of the

readership.

Examples:

+ Gốm Bát Tràng: Bát Tràng pottery

- Bát Tràng: a loan word

- pottery: generic word

the traditional hand-made

product made of clay in Vietnam

Trà đạo Nhật Bản: Japanese tea ceremony

- Japanese tea: classifier

- ceremony: generic word Japanese tea ceremony is known as an art form to enjoy tea In Japanese culture, tea ceremony was developed

from the late 12 th century

5) Gestures and habits: There is a distinction

between description and function which can be

made where necessary

in ambiguous cases.

Examples:

+ cock a snook: hếch mũi

tỏ vẻ xem thường

III Conclusion

1 Exercises

a/ Cơm lam: bamboo tube rice

- bamboo tube: form

- rice: generic word Mountain tribes use bamboo tubes as cooking vessel, after the rice is cooked, the bamboo tube is broken open to remove the content

b/ Gió nồm: South wind

- south: classifier

- wind: generic word

Blowing from Pacific ocean

which is cool and bring comfortable feelings.

c/ Sake: Rượu Sake

- Rượu: generic word

- Sake: a loan word

Là một loại rượu nhẹ

truyền thống của Nhật được

nấu từ gạo.

2 Suggestions

- Have cultural knowledge to transfer briefly and

concisely the meaning of cultural words

- Depend on the context of co-text

- Use suitably the translation and interpretation

strategies:

+ by making explicit the form of the item

+ by making explicit the function of the item

+ by making explicit both the form and the function + by modifying with a comparison to some THING or EVENT which does occur in the receptor language.