Khám phá windowns server 2008 - p 16 doc

SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 10 SP1 or later x86 and x64 NOTE When attempting to install an operating system that may not be officially supported by Microsoft, you might find that a netw

The operating systems that Microsoft supports as guest sessions under Windows 2008

Hyper-V are as follows:

Windows Server 2008 x86 and x64

Windows Server 2003 SP2 or higher x86 and x64

Windows 2000 Server with SP4 and Windows 2000 Advanced Server with SP4

Windows Vista x86 and x64

Windows XP SP2 or later x86 and x64

SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 10 SP1 or later x86 and x64

NOTE

When attempting to install an operating system that may not be officially supported by

Microsoft, you might find that a network adapter driver, hard drive driver, audio/sound

driver, or the like is not supported, and either the operating system will fail to complete

the installation or it will appear to install correctly, but the guest session has no

sup-port to communicate externally because a network driver was not available to supsup-port

the guest session Many times, legacy drivers will work, and a guest image will work

fine Again, however, Microsoft technically only supports the operating systems they

state that they support for guest sessions

Installing a Windows-Based Guest Operating

System Session

Assuming you have a Windows 2008 server with the Hyper-V installed and running, the

guest operating system installation is merely walking through the wizard-driven

installa-tion process The Installainstalla-tion Wizard enables the administrator to configure settings for

the guest session, and to begin the installation of the guest operating system software

itself A guest session could be a server-based session running something like Windows

Server 2003 or Windows Server 2008, or a client-based session running something like

Windows XP or Windows Vista The installation of a non-Windows-based guest operating

system like Linux is covered in the section “Installing a Linux-Based Guest Operating

System Session” later in this chapter

Gathering the Components Needed for a Windows-Based Guest Session

When creating a guest operating system, administrators need to make sure they have all

the components required to begin the installation The components needed are as follows:

Operating system media—A copy of the operating system is required for the

instal-lation of the guest image The media can be either a DVD or an ISO image of the

media disc itself

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Installing a Windows-Based Guest Operating System Session

License key—During the installation of the operating system software, if you are

normally prompted to enter in the license key for the operating system, you should

have a copy of the license key available

Other things you should do before starting to install a guest operating system on the

virtual server system include the following:

Guest session configuration settings—You will be prompted to answer several core

guest session configuration setting options, such as how much RAM you want to

allocate for the guest session, how much disk space you want to allocate for the

guest image, and so on Either jump ahead to the next section on “Beginning the

Installation of the Windows-Based Guest Session” so that you can gather the

infor-mation you’ll need to answer the questions you’ll be asked, or be prepared to answer

the questions during the installation process

Host server readiness—If you will be preplanning the answers to the questions that

you’ll be asked, make sure that the host system has enough RAM, disk space, and so

on to support the addition of your guest session to the virtual server system If your

requirements exceed the physical capacity of the server, stop and add more resources

(memory, disk space, and so on) to the server before beginning the installation of

the guest operating system

Beginning the Installation of the Windows-Based Guest Session

Guest session installation follow the same process whether for Windows Server 2003,

Windows Server 2008, Windows XP, or Windows Vista So, the process is covered here just

once Because the process of installing any Windows-based guest operating system is the

same, the following procedures are the same for any guest session installation

To begin the process of installing a Windows-based guest operating system, launch the

Hyper-V Administration console:

1 Click Start, All Programs, Administrative Tools, and then choose Hyper-V

Management for the tool to launch

2 Click Virtualization Services to see the virtual servers to which you are connected

3 Click the name of one of the virtual servers listed to see the virtual machines and

actions available for the confirmation of the server system By default, the Hyper-V

MMC will have the local virtual server system listed, as shown in Figure 5.1

With the Hyper-V Administration tool up on your screen, you can now begin the process

of installing a guest operating system Launch the guest operating system Installation

Wizard by doing the following:

1 From the Actions pane, choose New, Virtual Machine

2 Click Next to continue past the initial Welcome screen

3 Give your virtual machine a name that will be descriptive of the virtual guest session

you are creating, such as AD Global Catalog Server , or Exchange 2007 Client

Access Server 1 , or ISA Proxy Server

4 If you had set the default virtual machine folder location where guest images are

stored, the new image for this virtual machine will be placed in that default folder

However, if you need to select a different location where the image files should be

stored, click Create a New Folder for the Virtual Machine Files, and select Browse to

choose an existing disk directory or to create a new directory where the image file

for this guest session should be stored Click Next to continue

5 Enter in the amount of RAM you want allocated to this guest image in megabytes

(so 2GB should be 2048), and then click Next

6 Choose the network segment to which you want this guest image to be initially

connected This would be an internal or external segment created in the “Managing

Host Server, Virtual Switch, and Disk Settings” sections of Chapter 6 Click Next

NOTE

You can choose Not Connected during this virtual machine creation process and

change the network segment option at a later date

7 The next option allows you to create a new virtual hard disk or use an existing

virtual hard disk for the guest image file Creating a new virtual hard disk creates a

VHD disk image in the directory you choose By default, a dynamic virtual disk

image size setting is set to 127GB The actual file itself will only be the size needed

to run the image (potentially 4GB or 8GB to start) and will dynamically grow up to

133

Installing a Windows-Based Guest Operating System Session

the size noted in this setting Alternatively, you can choose an existing hard disk

image you might have already created (including an older image you might have

created in Microsoft Virtual Server 2005), or you can choose to select a hard disk

image later The options for this configuration are shown in Figure 5.2 Click Next to

continue

8 The next option, shown in Figure 5.3, allows for the installation of an operating

system on the disk image you created in the preceding step You can choose to

install an operating system at a later time, install an operating system from a

bootable CD/DVD or ISO image file, install an operating system from a floppy disk

image, or install an operating system from a network-based installation server (such

as Remote Installation Service [RIS]) Typically, operating system source discs are on

either a physical disc or ISO image file, and choosing a CD or DVD or an associated

ISO image file will allow for the operating system to be installed on the guest image

Select your option, and then click Next to continue

9 Review the summary of the options you have selected and either click Previous to go

back and make changes or click Finish if the settings you’ve chosen are fine There is

a Start the Virtual Machine Once This Wizard Is Finished check box that you can

choose that will launch the guest session and begin the guest session installation

process If you need to make changes to the settings, you would not want to select

this option yet—just click Finish so that you can make configuration setting changes

and start the installation process after that

Completing the Installation of the Windows-Based Guest Session

The guest operating system installation will proceed to install just like the process of

installing the operating system on a physical system Typically, at the end of an operating

system installation, the guest session restarts and brings the session to a logon prompt

Log on to the guest operating system and configure the guest operating system as you

would any other server system This typically has you do things such as the following:

1 Change the system name to a name that you want the virtual server to be For many

versions of operating systems, you will be prompted to enter the name of the system

during the installation process

2 Configure the guest session with an appropriate IP address This might be DHCP

issued; however, if you are building a server system, a static IP address is typically

recommended

3 Join the system to an Active Directory domain (assuming the system will be part

of a managed Active Directory Domain Services environment with centralized

administration)

4 Download and apply the latest patches and updates on the guest session to confirm

that all patches and updates have been installed and applied to the system

The installation of the guest operating system typically requires yet another reboot, and

then the operating system will be installed and operational

135

Installing a Linux-Based Guest Operating System Session

Installing a Linux-Based Guest Operating System

Session

The installation of a Linux-based guest session is a little different from installing a

Windows-based guest session in that the best way to install the Linux-based guest session

is to install the Linux integration components at the time of the installation of the

operat-ing system Although it is not imperative that you install the Linux integration

compo-nents at the time of installation, if you do install the compocompo-nents at the time of

installation, you get better integrated driver support for the guest Linux session

Two of the main components in the Linux integration components are

1 Driver support for network and storage controllers—The Linux integration

components include synthetic controller support for network adapters and storage

adapters optimized specifically for Hyper-V These special drivers take advantage of

the VMBus in Hyper-V that provides high-speed communications and connectivity

of network and storage device guest sessions

2 Hypercall adapter—In addition, the Linux integration components include a

hyper-call adapter layer under the Linux kernel that translates Xen-specific virtualization

function calls to Hyper-V hypercalls This provides additional performance

improve-ments for Linux-based guest sessions

Assuming you have a Windows 2008 server with the Hyper-V installed and running, the

Linux-based guest operating system installation follows a structured step-by-step

installa-tion procedure The Installainstalla-tion Wizard enables the administrator to configure settings for

the guest session and to begin the installation of the guest operating system software

itself

Gathering the Components Needed for a Linux-Based Guest Session

When creating a guest operating system, administrators need to make sure they have all

the components required to begin the installation The components needed are as follows:

Operating system media—A copy of the operating system is required for the

instal-lation of the guest image The media could be either a DVD or an ISO image of the

media disc itself

License key—During the installation of the operating system software, if you are

normally prompted to enter in the license key for the operating system, you should

have a copy of the license key available

Other things you should do before starting to install a guest operating system on the

virtual server system include the following:

Guest session configuration settings—You will be prompted to answer several core

guest session configuration setting options, such as how much RAM you want to

allocate for the guest session, how much disk space you want to allocate for the

guest image, and so on Either jump ahead to the next section on “Beginning the

Installation of the Linux-Based Guest Session” so that you can gather up the

mation you’ll need to answer the questions you’ll be asked, or be prepared to answer

the questions during the installation process

Host server readiness—If you will be preplanning the answers to the questions that

you’ll be asked, make sure that the host system has enough RAM, disk space, and so

on to support the addition of your guest session to the virtual server system If your

requirements exceed the physical capacity of the server, stop and add more resources

(memory, disk space, and so on) to the server before beginning the installation of

the guest operating system

Beginning the Installation of the Linux-Based Guest Session

The installation of the Linux-based guest session uses the following procedures To begin

the process of installing a Linux-based guest operating system, launch the Hyper-V

Administration console:

1 Click Start, All Programs, Administrative Tools, and then choose Hyper-V

Management for the tool to launch

2 Click Virtualization Services to see the virtual servers to which you are connected

3 Click the name of one of the virtual servers listed to see the virtual machines and

actions available for the confirmation of the server system By default, the Hyper-V

MMC will have the local virtual server system listed

With the Hyper-V Administration tool up on your screen, you can now begin the process

of installing a Linux-based guest operating system Launch the guest operating system

Installation Wizard by doing the following:

1 From the Actions pane, choose New, Virtual Machine

2 Click Next to continue past the initial Welcome screen

3 Give your virtual machine a name that will be descriptive of the virtual guest session

you are creating, such as Apache Web Server , or SMTP Mailhost , or the like.

4 If you had set the default virtual machine folder location where guest images are

stored, the new image for this virtual machine will be placed in that default folder

However, if you need to select a different location where the image files should be

stored, click Create a New Folder for the Virtual Machine Files, and select Browse to

choose an existing disk directory or to create a new directory where the image file

for this guest session should be stored Click Next to continue

5 Enter in the amount of RAM you want allocated to this guest image in megabytes

(so 2GB should be 2048), and then click Next

6 Choose the network segment to which you want this guest image to be initially

connected This would be an internal or external segment created the “Managing

Host Server, Virtual Switch, and Disk Settings” section of Chapter 6 Click Next

NOTE

You can choose Not Connected during this virtual machine creation process and

change the network segment option at a later date

137

Installing a Linux-Based Guest Operating System Session

7 The next option allows you to create a new virtual hard disk or use an existing

virtual hard disk for the guest image file Creating a new virtual hard disk creates a

VHD disk image in the directory you choose By default, a dynamic virtual disk

image size setting is set to 127GB The actual file itself will only be the size needed

to run the image (potentially 4GB or 8GB to start) and will dynamically grow up to

the sized noted in this setting Alternatively, you can choose an existing hard disk

image you might have already created (including an older image you might have

created in Microsoft Virtual Server 2005), or you can choose to select a hard disk

image later Click Next to continue

8 The next option allows for the installation of an operating system on the disk image

you created in the preceding step You can choose to install an operating system at a

later time, install an operating system from a bootable CD/DVD or ISO image file,

install an operating system from a floppy disk image, or install an operating system

from a network-based installation server (such as RIS) Typically, operating system

source discs are on either a physical disc or ISO image file, and choosing a CD or

DVD or an associated ISO image file will allow for the operating system to be

installed on the guest image Select your option, and then click Next to continue

9 Review the summary of the options you have selected and either click Previous to go

back and make changes or click on Finish if the settings you’ve chosen are fine There

is a Start the Virtual Machine Once This Wizard Is Finished check box that you can

choose that will launch the guest session and begin the guest session installation

process If you need to make changes to the settings, you would not want to select

this option yet—just click Finish so that you can make configuration setting changes

and start the installation process after that

Completing the Installation of the Linux-Based Guest Session (x86)

The guest operating system installation will proceed to install just like the process of

installing the operating system on a physical system When installing the Linux-based

guest session, make sure the development packages include the compilers necessary to

install the Linux integration components

Typically, at the end of an operating system installation, the guest session restarts and

brings the session to a logon prompt Log on to the guest operating system and configure

the guest operating system as you would any other server system From a command

prompt, mount the Linux integration components media to gain access to the files on the

media to complete the installation of the files The installation process is as follows:

1 Run the rpm command to install the kernel drivers Check the actual name of the

RPM file of the installation media you are using as the version will likely vary based

on when you downloaded the Linux integration components However, for this

example, the RPM filename is kernel-xen-2.6.16.46-0.12.i586.rpm for the x86

version Therefore, run the following command:

$ rpm –ivh /mnt/cdrom/suse/i586/kernel-xen-2.6.16.46-0.12.i586.rpm

2 Dismount the Linux integration tools media and mount the LinuxIC.iso file

3 Copy the Linux integration components to the virtual machine using the command

similar to this:

$ mkdir /opt/linux_ic

$ cp /mnt/cdrom/* /opt/linux_ic -R

4 Install the hypercall adapter driver inside the virtual guest session Run the

follow-ing command:

$ /opt/linux_ic/setup.pl x2v /boot/grub/menu.lst

5 Reboot the Linux guest session

6 After the Linux guest session restarts, the network and storage drivers need to be

installed To install the drivers, run the following command:

$ /opt/linux_ic/setup.pl drivers

The installation of the guest operating system typically requires yet another reboot, and

then the operating system will be installed and operational

Completing the Installation of the Linux-Based Guest Session (x64)

The guest operating system installation process for an x64 system is slightly different

because the x64 hypercall adapter needs to be patched, prepared, and then installed,

requiring additional steps

At the end of the x64 operating system installation, the guest session restarts and brings

the session to a logon prompt Log on to the guest operating system and configure the

guest operating system as you would any other server system From a command prompt,

mount the Linux integration components media to gain access to the files on the media

to complete the installation of the files The installation process is as follows:

1 Run the rpm command to install the kernel drivers Check the actual name of the

RPM file of the installation media you are using as the version will likely vary based

on when you downloaded the Linux integration components However, for this

example, the RPM filename is kernel-xen-2.6.16.46-0.12.x86_64.rpm for the x64

version Therefore, run the following command:

$ rpm –ivh /mnt/cdrom/suse/i586/kernel-xen-2.6.16.46-0.12.x86_64.rpm

2 Dismount the Linux integration tools media and mount the LinuxIC.iso file

3 Copy the Linux integration components to the virtual machine using the command

similar to this:

$ mkdir /opt/linux_ic

$ cp /mnt/cdrom/* /opt/linux_ic -R

4 Install the Linux kernel source code by launching YaST (Control Center,

Administrative Settings, Software Management)

5 In the Filter drop-down box, choose Package Groups

6 Install the Development | Source | Kernel-Source package group

7 Copy and apply the hypercall patch to the kernel source code by doing the

following:

$ cd /usr/src/linux-2.6.16.46-0.12

$ cp /opt/linux_ic/patch/x2v-x64-sles.patch

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Modifying Guest Session Configuration Settings

$ patch –l –p1 < x2v-x64-sles.patch

$ cp /boot/config-2.6.16.46-0.12-xen /.config

$ make oldconfig

$ make vmlinuz

$ cp vmlinuz /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.46-0.12-xen

8 Install the x2v hypercall adapter by doing the following:

$ cd /opt/linux_ic

$ perl setup.pl x2v /boot/grub/menu.lst

9 Reboot the Linux guest session

10 After the Linux guest session restarts, the network and storage drivers need to be

installed To install the drivers, run the following command:

$ /opt/linux_ic/setup.pl drivers

The installation of the guest operating system typically requires yet another reboot, and

then the operating system will be installed and operational

Modifying Guest Session Configuration Settings

After a guest session has been installed, whether it is a Microsoft Windows server guest

session, a Microsoft Windows client guest session, or a guest session running a

non-Windows operating system, the host configuration settings for the guest session can be

changed Common changes to a guest session include things such as the following:

Adding or limiting the RAM of the guest session

Changing network settings of the guest session

Mounting a CD/DVD image or mounting a physical CD/DVD disc

Adding or Limiting the RAM of the Guest Session

A common configuration change that is made for a guest session is to increase or

decrease the amount of memory allocated to the guest session The default memory

allo-cated to the system frequently is fine for a basic system configuration; however, with the

addition of applications to the guest session, there might be a need to increase the

memory As long as the host server system has enough memory to allocate additional

memory to the guest session, adding memory to a guest session is a simple task

To add memory to the guest session, do the following:

1 From the Server Manager console or from the Virtualization MMC snap-in, click to

select the guest session for which you want to change the allocated memory

2 Right-click the guest session name, and choose Settings

3 Click Memory and enter in the amount of RAM you want allocated for this guest

session (in megabytes)

4 Click OK when you have finished