Adjective clauses: S + be + Adjective + that – clause S’ + V That clauses come after adjectives that refer to feelings or certainty: afraid, angry, bad, certain, disappointed, glad, hap
Trang 1I Adjectives:
1 Adj can come in two places in a sentence
• Adj + N : a beautiful girl, careful drives
• V + adj.: (Verbs: be, look, seem, appear, feel, find, taste, sound,
smell )
E.g.: You seem happy
2 Adjective clauses:
S + be + Adjective + that – clause (S’ + V)
That clauses come after adjectives that refer to feelings or certainty: afraid,
angry, bad, certain, disappointed, glad, happy, graceful, helpful, important, lucky, pleased, possible, sad, sorry, sure, thankful, true, wrong …
E.g.: I’m disappointed that people have spoiled this area.
II Adverbs of manner: Adjective + ly
Safe
Careful
Happy
wide
Safely
Carefully
Happily
widely
Some adjectives and adverbs are the same: hard, fast, early, late, far
Hardly (hầu như không), lately (recently), mostly (chủ yếu là) are not adverbs of manner
Adverbs normally go after the direct object
E.g.:- I read the letter carefully
- She worked slowly
III Adverb clauses
1.Adverb clauses of result with: so, therefore, consequently
E.g.:- Plastic bags are very hard to dissolver, so they will cause pollution.
- I stayed up late watching TV, therefore, I’m tired now.
2.Adverb clauses of reason with: because, since, as
E.g.: - Because/ Since/ As pollution is something that other folk do, we’re
just enjoying our day
- Unfortunately my company does not produce recycle paper since/
because/ as it is more expensive to make than regular paper.
3 Adverb clauses of concession with though/ although/ even though
E.g.: Thu Ha is not satisfied with her preparation for Tet, although/ even
though/ though she has decorated her house and made a plenty of cakes.
IV Conditional sentences
Trang 2Type If - clause Main clause
I: Real condition S + V (present simple) S + will/shall + inf
Can/ should/ must + inf
II: Unreal condition in
the present / future
S + V (past simple ) S + would/ could/ might +
inf
E.g.: - If the rice paddies are polluted, the rice plants will die
- If you saw a UFO, what would you do?
V Relative clause:
• Relative pronouns:
who/which/ that: relative pronouns, used to replace the pronouns /nouns
+ being used after the superlative, all, first, last, all, anything, everyone somebody, nobody
E.g
1 Linda is the girl who/ that is giving her Mom a gift.
2 The shoes which/ that Linda is wearing are red.
3 The man and his dog that are sitting behind me came here from France.
4 There is nobody that was invited in the party.
• Types of relative clauses: Defining and non-defining
@ - Defining relative clauses:
Examples:
- Tornadoes are funnel-shaped storms which pass overland below a
thunderstorm
- The typhoon damaged the water pipes which supply our home
Not using commas before and after a defining clause
@ - Non-defining relative clauses:
Examples:
- It snowed in Lang Son, which is on the Ky Cung River, in the winter of 2002
- Pompeii, which is an ancient city of Italy, was completely destroyed in A.D 79 by an eruption of Mount Vesuvius
Add commas to separate the non-defining relative clause from the
rest of the sentence
That is not used to replace who or which in Non-defining relative
clauses
VI Modal verbs.
Trang 3- There may be a power cut.
VII Connectives
- and, but, or: connecting words or phrases that have the same
grammatical function in a sentence
- and, but, or, so, because, however, although, therefore,…: connecting two independent clauses
@ Group “and”: As well (as), Furthermore/ moreover, Besides, In
addition, Not only … but also
@ Group “but”: However, Yet, Nevertheless, though/ although, on the other hand
@ Group “so”: therefore, consequently, as a result
@ Group “because”: for, as, since
Structures
I Making suggestions:
S +
suggest(s) doing sth(that) + S + should do
sth
-Đề nghị, đề xuất, gợi ý làm
gì -Đề nghị (rằng) ai đó nên
làm gì Examples:
- I suggest giving lessons to poor children
- I suggest (that) you should speak English in class to improve your English
II Phrasal verbs (Verb + preposition)
Some phrasal verbs
bring back
belong to
carry out
consist of
come out
come over
come down
depend on
dream about
look for
look after
listen to
turn off/ on / up/
down
talk to
put off: delay
put on =/= take off
wait for
give up
go on/ keep on …
must
ought to
should
can/ could
may
might
might
+ inf.
Trang 4Separable (Verb + O +
preposition)
Inseparable (Verb + preposition + O)
- turn on =/= turn off
- put on =/= take off
- put away
- put off
- throw away
- wake up
- pay back
…
- look at
- look for
- look after
- look out
- look up/ down
- go on
- listen to
- wait for
… Examples:
- If we go on wasting water, there will be a shortage of fresh water in a few decades
- Would you mind if I I turned the TV on?
Some other structures:
- too + Adj./ Adv + (for sb) + to – inf
- Adj./ Adv + enough + (for sb) + to – inf
- So + Adj./ Adv + that + clause (S + V)
- To look forward to + V-ing (form sb)
- Let sb do sth = get/ have/ make sb do st
- Have sth done (by sb)/ to be made to do
sth
- It + (take) + sb + (how long) to do sth
- To find sb/ sth + Adj + to do sth = to
have (no) difficulty (in) doing sth
- It’s time (for sb) to do sth
~ + S + V (past form)
: quá ntn (đối với ai) không thể làm gì : đủ ntn (đối với ai) để làm gì …
: quá ntn đến nỗi mà … : mong đợi (ai) làm gi (hân hoan) : để ai làm gì / khiến ai làm gì : việc gì/ điều gì được yêu cầu làm
: ai đó làm việc gì mất bao lâu : (không) gặp khó khăn khi làm việc gì : đã đến giờ (ai đó) làm gì