Đối với động từ “To have” thì ở ngôi thứ 3 số ít ta không thêm đuôi “_S/ _ES” mà chuyển thành “has” She has a new house B_ Cách dùng: 1_ Để diễn tả một thói quen hoặc một sự việc xảy r
Trang 1GV: Nguyễn Thị Thúy Nga Ôn thi tốt nghiệp THPT
A_ Công thức:
* Đối với động từ thường:
_ Khẳng định: I/ You / We / They/ CN số nhiều + V (Nguyên mẫu)
She/ he / it/ CN số ít + V–es/ V–s
_ Phủ định: I/ You / We / They/ CN số nhiều + donotV (Nguyên mẫu)
She/ he / it/ CN số ít + doesnot + V(nguyên mẫu).
_ Nghi vấn: Do + I/ You / We / They/ CN số nhiều + V (Nguyên mẫu)?
Does She/ he / it/ CN số ít + + V(nguyên mẫu)?
Do / does + S + V(nguyên mẫu)?
Đối với động từ “to be” ở thì hiện tại đơn ta có 3 dạng
You/ we/ they/ CN số nhiều + are
She /he/ it/ CN số ít + is Phủ định: Thêm “not” sau “am / is/ are” Nghi vấn: Đặt “Am/ is/ are” ra trước chủ ngữ.
Đối với động từ “To have” thì ở ngôi thứ 3 số ít ta không thêm đuôi “_S/ _ES” mà chuyển thành “has” (She has a new house)
B_ Cách dùng:
1_ Để diễn tả một thói quen hoặc một sự việc xảy ra có tính chất thường xuyên và thông lệ ở hiện tại Trong câu
thường có các trạng từ như: often ; usually; always; sometimes; seldom; on Mondays; On Sundays; everyday; every Monday; every summer
We come to school on time everyday.
My mother always gets up early.
Does Mr Green go to work five days a week? _ Yes, he does
We do not go to school on Sundays
2_ Để diễn tả một sự thật hiển nhiên, một chân lý: The earth goes round the sun.
3_ Dùng để nói về thời khóa biểu hay chương trình: The film begins at 8p.m
4_Dùng trong mệnh đề điều kiện trong câu điều kiện loại I và trong mệnh đề điều kiện chỉ thời gian
C_ Cách thêm đuôi “_s” hay “_es” sau động từ:
1_ Thông thường chúng ta thêm đuôi _S sau động từ ở ngôi thứ 3 số ít:
work _ works play _ plays change _ changes
2_ Những động từ kết thúc bằng _CH; _SH; _ SS; _X hay _O ta thêm đuôi _es
watch _ watches wash _ washes finish _ finishes
3_ Những động từ kết thúc bằng “Y” mà trước nó là một phụ âm thì ta chuyển “Y” thành “I” sau đó thêm đuôi
_es: carry _ carries fly _ flies
D_ Cách phát âm đuôi s và es:
- Những động từ tận cùng là các âm /p,k,t,f,0/ khi thêm ‘s’ thì đọc thêm âm /s/
VD: gets, works…
- Những động từ tận cùng là các âm /s, z, x, tS, S, dz/ khi thêm ‘es’ thì đọc thêm âm /iz/
- Ngoài 2 trường hợp trên thì các động từ còn lại khi thêm ‘s, es” thì đọc thêm âm /z/
E_ Bài tập: Chia động từ trong ngoặc ở thì Hiện tại đơn:
1 He (be ) a doctor
2 She (watch) television every day
3 We (not, go) to school on Sundays
4 you often (get up) early?
5 My mother usually (buy) vegetables in this market
6 My friend and I often (go) to school by bike
7 My girlfriend (not, be) a beautiful girl
8 The concert often (begins) at 7pm
9 My father (have) coffee for breakfast every day
10 The students never (work) hard
Trang 2GV: Nguyễn Thị Thúy Nga Ôn thi tốt nghiệp THPT
A_ Công thức:
_ Khẳng định: I + am
We/ You/ They + are + V-ing(thêm đuôi “ing”)
_ Phủ định: CN + am/ is/ are + not + V-ing
B_ Cách dùng:
1_ Diễn tả một sự việc đang xảy ra, đang diễn tiến ở hiện tại Trong câu thường có các trạng từ như : now(bây giờ); at present; at the moment
My father is planting flowers in the garden.
Look! The pupils are playing football.
We are not cooking now.
2_ Diễn tả một sự sắp đặt chắc chắn ở tương lai gần:
I am meeting Peter tonight.
3_ Diễn tả các sự việc hiện tượng xảy ra có tính chất tạm thời:
He usually reads newspapers but today he is reading a magazine.
C_ Chú ý: Một số động từ không sử dụng được ở thì tiếp diễn và chúng ta phải chuyển chúng về thì hiện tại
đơn: 1_ Động từ chỉ giác quan: hear(nghe); see(nhận thấy; thấy); smell(bốc mùi); taste(có vị).
2_ Động từ chỉ tình cảm, cảm xúc: like; hate(ghét); dislike(không thích); love; need; want
3_ Động từ chỉ hoạt động tinh thần: agree(đồng ý); believe(tin tưởng); forget(quên); know(biết);
remember(nhớ); understand(hiểu)
4_ Động từ chỉ sở hữu và một số các động từ khác: have(có); own(sở hữu); belong(thuộc về);
appear(có vẻ); seem (dường như)
D_ Bài tập: Chia động từ trong ngoặc ở thì Hiện tại đơn hay Hiện tại tiếp diễn:
1/ I (have) coffee for breakfast every day.
2/ My brother (work) in a shoe store this summer
3/ The student (look) _ up that new word now
4/ She (go) to school every day
5/ We (do) this exercise at the moment
6/ Miss Helen (read) _ a newspaper now
7/ It (rain) very much in the summer It (rain) _ now
8/ Bad students never (work) hard
9/ He generally (sing) in English, but today he (sing) in Spanish
10/ We seldom (eat) before 6.30
11/ She sometimes (buy) _ vegetables at his market
12/ Be quiet The baby (sleep)
13/ We always (do) _ our exercises carefully
14/ Look A man (run) _ after the train He (want) _ to catch it
15/ It (be) very cold now
16/ John (travel) to England tomorrow
17/ I (need) some money for my textbooks
18/ Tom (like) to go to the museums
19/ Mary (love) ice-cream
20/ My mother (cook) _ some food in the kitchen at present She always (cook)
in the mornings
21/ I often (leave) the city at weekends
22/ The guests (watch) the TV programmes now
23/ I (see) _ you (wear) _ your best clothes
24/ The sun (set) _ in the west
25/ My friend (study) English for an hour every night
A_ Công thức:
_ Khẳng định: He/ She/It/ CN số ít + has + V(past participle)
I/ We/ You/ They/ CN số nhiều + have + V(past participle)
Trang 3GV: Nguyễn Thị Thúy Nga Ơn thi tốt nghiệp THPT
_ Phủ định: S(chủ ngữ) + has/ have + not + V(past participle)
Chú ý: past participle (quá khứ phân từ) của động từ :
_ Nếu là động từ hợp qui ta thêm đuơi _ED sau động từ (V- ed).
_ Nếu là động từ bất qui ta lấy động từ ở cột thứ 3 trong bảng động từ bất qui
B_ Cách dùng:
1_ Diễn tả một sự việc ở quá khứ mà thời điểm khơng xác định rõ Thường dùng với các trạng từ sau:
already(đã rồi); recently = lately(gần đây); ever(đã từng); never(chưa bao giờ)
He has already done his homework (Anh ta đã làm xong bài tập về nhà).
Have you bought a new TV recently?
_ Diễn tả một sự việc đã xảy ra trong quá khứ nhưng kết quả vẫn cịn ở hiện tại Thường dùng với yet:
Have you seen Tom yet?
We have cleaned the room Look! It is very clean.
2_ Thường dùng với “just” để chỉ một sự việc vừa mới xảy ra:
My father has just gone out.
3_ Diễn tả một hành động hay sự việc bắt đầu trong quá khứ mà cịn tiếp tục ở hiện tại Thường dùng với giới
từ since(từ khi; kể từ) hay for(trong thời gian).
We have leaned English for 4 years.
My sister has been sick since yesterday (Bây giờ vẫn cịn ốm)
_ Thỉnh thoảng sự việc đĩ dừng ngay tại thời điểm nĩi:
Nice to meet you I haven’t seen you for a long time.
Chú ý : for + khoảng thời gian: two hours; 3days; 4months
Since+ điểm thời gian: 1990; Sunday; 2 o’clock
4_Diễn tả hành động lặp đi lặp lại nhiều lần ở quá khứ: I have seen this film several times.
5 - Dùng thì HTHT sau những từ ở cấp so sánh cao nhất: It’s the most boring film I’ve ever seen
6 - Dùng với This morning/ week/ month/ term…khi những khoảng thời gian này còn trong lúc nói:
Eg: I’ve smoked 10 cigarettés today / I haven’t seen Tom this morning.Have you?
Ngoài ra còn có một số cụm từ chỉ thời gian như : so far = until now = up to now ,how long ? It is the first / second / third … time, twice / many / three… times.
C_Bài tập: Chia động từ trong ngoặc ở thì HTHT:
1 I (try) to learn English for years, but I (not succeed) yet
2 That book (lie) on the table for weeks You (not read) it yet?
3 He (not, be) here since Christmas
4 He (write) a novel for two years, but he (not, finish) it yet
5 I (see) that film several times because I like it
6 Jack (look) no trouble with my English lesson up to now
7 We ( study) almost every lesson in this book so far
8 How long you (learn) English?
9 Tom (never, be) in Hanoi
10 I am sorry I (forget) that girl’s name already
Period 4:THÌ QUÁ KHỨ ĐƠN
A_ Cơng thức:
_ Khẳng định: S (chủ ngữ) + V- ed (động từ hợp qui)
+ V(cột 2) (động từ bất qui)
Trang 4GV: Nguyễn Thị Thỳy Nga ễn thi tốt nghiệp THPT
_ Phủ định: S (chủ ngữ) + did not + V(nguyờn mẫu).
_ Nghi vấn: Did + S(chủ ngữ) + V(nguyờn mẫu)?
Chỳ ý:
Đối với động từ “to be” ở thỡ quỏ khứ đơn ta cú 2 dạng
Khẳng định: I / She /he/ it/ CN số ớt + was
You/ we/ they/ CN số nhiều + were
B_ Cỏch dựng:
Để diễn tả một sự việc đó xảy ra ở một thời điểm xỏc định trong quỏ khứ Thường đi với cỏc từ chỉ thời gian:
Yesterday morning/ afternoon/ evening last week/ month/ year Two days ago
We watched a good film on TV last night.
Hoặc khi thời gian được hỏi đến:
When did you see him?
C_ Cỏch thờm đuụi –ed vào sau động từ cú quy tắc:
- Thụng thường chỉ thờm –ed vào sau cỏc động từ cú quy tắc: work – worked
- Nếu động từ cú quy tắc tận cựng là “e” thỡ chỉ thờm “d” thụi: die – died
- Nếu động từ cú quy tắc tận cựng là “y” mà trước nú là 1 phụ õm thỡ đổi “y” thành “i” rồi thờm –ed: study – studied
- Nếu động từ cú quy tắc cú 1 õm tiết tận cựng là 1 phụ õm trước phụ õm là 1 nguyờn õm thỡ gấp đụi phụ
õm cuối lờn trước khi thờm –ed: stop – stopped
- Nếu động từ cú quy tắc cú 2 õm tiết tận cựng là 1 phụ õm trước phụ õm là 1 nguyờn õm thỡ gấp đụi phụ
õm cuối lờn trước khi thờm –ed: permit – permitted
- Nếu động từ tận cựng là ‘l’, trước nú là 1 nguyờn õm đơn thỡ ta nhõn đụi ‘l’ lờn rồi thờm ‘ed’: travel – travelled
D _ Cỏch phỏt õm đuụi –ed:
Đọc là /id/ sau từ tận cùng bằng âm /d/ hoặc /t/.
need – needed decide – decided want – wanted start – started
Đọc là /t/ sau từ tận cùng bằng âm /k/, /p/, /f/, /s/, /∫/, /t∫/, /θ/, /ks/
wash – washed book – booked stop – stopped watch – watched fax – faxed
Đọc là /d/ sau từ tận cùng bằng các âm còn lại.
play – played plan – planned offer – offered bathe – bathed call – called
* Các tính từ tận cùng bằng ED thì đuôi ED cũng đợc phát âm nh cách phát âm của động từ có quy tắc Tuy
nhiên, một số tính từ cổ tận cùng bằng -ed, hoặc một số trạng từ tận cùng bằng -edly, thì -ed đợc phát âm là /id/ Adjectives:/id/ naked : khỏa thân crooked : cong, oằn ragged : nhàu, cũ wretched : khốn khổ
rugged : gồ ghề learned : uyên bác
Adverbs: /id/ deservedly : xứng đáng supposedly: cho là markedly : một cách rõ ràng, đáng chú ý
allegedly : cho rằng
E – Bài tập:Chia động từ trong ngoặc ở thỡ quỏ khứ đơn:
1 We (study) a very hard lesson the day before yesterday
2 My wife and I (travel) to London by air last summer
3 I (have) a little trouble with my car last week
4 What you (do) yesterday?
5 Our teacher (tell)us yesterday that he (visit) England in 1970
6 We (wacth) a good programme on TV last night
7 I (meet) Mary last night
8 I (see) him 3 weeks ago
9 She (lose) her handbag on the train yesterday morning
10 They (begin) to study at this school 7 years ago
Period 5: THè QUÁ KHỨ TIẾP DIỄN
A_ Cụng thức:
_ Khẳng định: I/ He/ She/It/ CN số ớt + was + V-ing
We/ You/ They/ CN số nhiều + were + V-ing
_ Phủ định: S(chủ ngữ) + was/ were + not + V-ing
B_ Cỏch dựng:
Trang 5GV: Nguyễn Thị Thúy Nga Ơn thi tốt nghiệp THPT
1_ Diễn tả một sự việc đang xảy ra ở thời điểm xác định trong quá khứ:
What were you doing at five o’clock yesterday evening?
I was doing exercises between four and five o’clock last Sunday afternoon.
2_ Kết hợp với thì quá khứ đơn để diễn tả một sự việc đang diễn ra ở quá khứ thì một sự việc quá khứ khác xảyra:
When I was watching T.V, My friend came.
Thì quá khứ tiếp diễn Thì quá khứ đơn
3_Diễn tả hai hành động đang xảy ra song song cùng 1 lúc ở quá khứ:
Yesterday while my mother was cooking dinner, my father was watching TV
C – So sánh thì Quá khứ đơn và Quá khứ tiếp diễn:
+ Thì Simple Past (Quá Khứ Đơn) được dùng để chỉ một hành động ngắn (thình lình) xảy ra trong quá khứ.
- I met him in the street yesterday.
+ Thì Past Continuous (Quá Khứ Tiếp Diễn) được dùng để chỉ một hành động kéo dài trong quá khứ
tương ứng với một hành động khác cũng trong quá khứ
- I met him while he was crossing the street.
- She was going home when she saw an accident.
+ Thì Past Continuous còn diễn tả một hành động kéo dài tại điểm thời gian xác định ở quá khứ hoặc
hai hành động liên tiếp song song với nhau
- My father was watching TV at 8 o’clock last night.
- I was doing my homework while my father was watching TV.
D- Bài tập:Chia động từ trong ngoặc ở thì quá khứ đơn hay quá khứ tiếp diễn:
1/ He (sit) in a bar when I (see) him
2/ When I (go) out, the sun (shine)
3/ The light (go) out while I (have) tea
4/ When it (rain) , she(carry) an umbrella
5/ We (walk) to the station when it (begin) to rain
6/ He (teach) English for 2 months when he (live) in Germany and (work) as ajournalist
7/ The house (burn) fast, so we (break) the window to get out
8/ He (eat) three sandwiches while you (talk) to him
9/ The servant (drop) two cups while she (wash up) last night; neither of them (break)
10/ While I (write) a letter, the telephone (ring) ; as he (go) to answer it,
he (hear) a knock on the door; the telephone (still, ring) while he (walk)
to the door, but just as he (open) it, it (stop)
Period 6: Exercises
1) He for London one year ago
2) She in Hue for twenty years
3) I to the market with my mother yesterday
4) What you , Nam? – I’m thinking of my mother
Trang 6GV: Nguyễn Thị Thúy Nga Ôn thi tốt nghiệp THPT
A do/think B are/ thinking C have/thought D were/thinking
5) How long you her? – For five months
A do/know B are/knowing C have/ known D had/known
6) I usually to school by bus
7) Yesterday morning I up at 6.30
8) Please don’t make so much noise I
9) Water at 100 degrees Celsius
10) It is raining now It began raining two hours ago So it for two hours
11) you out last night?
12) This house 35,000 pounds in 1980
13) While Tom tennis, Ann a shower
A played/took B playing/taking C was playing/ was taking D was play/was take
14) She until you are ready
A didn’t come B isn’t coming C won’t come D doesn’t come
15) When they in the garden, the phone
A worked/was ringing B was working/ rang C worked/rang D work/rings
16) I here until he answers me
17) They tea when the doorbell
A have/is ringing B were having/ rang C had had/ rang D having/ringing
18) Father his pipe while mother a magazine
A smoked/read B had smoked/ read C was smoking/ was reading D smoking/reading19) When I into the office, my boss for me
A came/ was waiting B had come/waited C was coming/waited D came/waiting
20) When I Brian, he a taxi
A see/drives B saw/ was driving C see/was driving D saw/is driving
21) When he , we dinner
A arrived/having B was arriving/had C arrived/ were having D had arrived/had
22) While they chess, we the shopping
A playing/doing B played/did B were playing/doing D were playing/ were doing
23) They football when the lights in the stadium out
A were playing/ went B were playing/ was going C played/was going D playing/went
24) While George and John their room, she the ironing
A cleaning/doing B were cleaning/doing C were cleaning/ was doing D cleaning/was doing
25) Today is Thursday and she late twice this week She late yesterday and on Monday
26) He in the same house since 1975
27) We him since he married
A didn’t see/got B don’t/get C haven’t seen/ got D hadn’t seen/got
28) It for two hours and the ground is too wet to play tennis
29) He to HCMC last year and I him since then
A moved/didn’t see B moved/ haven’t seen C moves/haven’t seen D moved/hadn’t seen
30) We what to do with the money yet
A not decide B haven’t decided C didn’t decide D hadn’t decided
31) My father as a teacher for thirty years
Trang 7GV: Nguyễn Thị Thúy Nga Ôn thi tốt nghiệp THPT
32) He to New York three times this year
33) I how to dance when I six years old
A don’t know / was B didn’t know / am C didn’t know/ was D haven’t known/was
34) Last month my brother me his photos He me his photos every year
35) Nam is a careful driver but yesterday he carelessly
36) Do you like swimming, Ba? – I when I was a child but not now
37) I her at the school gate yesterday
38) She English when she was six years old
39) I don’t remember where and when I her
40) They to know each other for more than ten years
41) you that film yet?
42) I the film with my friends last week
43) He up at five every morning
44) she in Hue at the moment?
45) He usually her at weekend but now he in bed because of his severe illness
A visits/stays B visits/staying C visited/stays D visits/ is staying
46) Don’t make noise, children! Parents
A sleep B are sleeping C were sleeping D slept
47) Why you often so much noise in the house?
48) He you when he has the necessary information
49) While mum was watching TV, I my homework
50) At this time yesterday I to music
A listened B had listened C was listening D am listening
51) What he at 4 P.m last Sunday?
52) When I a little girl, I used to climb trees and go swimming in the river with my friends
53) Last year he came here and me to marry him but I too young to get married
54) How long you novels?
A have/write B do/write C have written D are/writing
55) you sometimes out with friends?
56) I a lot of badminton recently
57) When I home, everyone TV
A got/watch B got/watching C get/was watch D got/ was watching
58) We your mother for ages
Trang 8GV: Nguyễn Thị Thúy Nga Ôn thi tốt nghiệp THPT
A don’t see B haven’t seen C didn’t see D hadn’t seen
59) London a lot since we first to live here
A changed/came B has changed/ came C had changed/ came D has changed/ come
60) How many times you this film? – The first time
61) Yesterday David was crossing(A) a street when(B) a truck was turning(C) a corner very fast and almost hit(D) him.
62) When Rita will get(A) her driver’s license next week(B), she will be able(C) to drive to school every day(D).
63) So far(A) she spends(B) a lot of time there(C) chatting with(D) her friends.
64) Jack is living(A) in Spain now(B) His Spanish had improved(C) greatly since he moved(D) there.
65) Last month(A) while we watched(B) an exciting game on(C) television in our living room, the electricity went out(D).
66) I’m sure(A) they have completed(B) the new(C) road by(D) June.
67) At(A) this time tomorrow(B), they will do(C) their homework with their(D) brothers.
68) We have seen(A) and tell(B) you the situation next(C) Monday Please wait for(D) us.
69) Our(A) teacher explained(B) that lesson to(C) us tomorrow(D).
70) We will wait(A) for you when(B) you will get(C) back tomorrow(D).
71) I will practise(A) my English lesson with(B) my classmate at(C) 7pm next(D) Sunday.
72) When I see(A) Mr Pike tomorrow(B), I remind(C) him of(D) that.
73) He works(A) on the(B) report at(C) this time tomorrow(D).
74) Please(A) sit here(B) and wait until(C) the manager will return(D).
75) Our parents arrived(A) next Wednesday I’m sure we will receive(B) a lot of(C) presents from(D) them 76) I gave(A) him your message(B) and letter when(C) I see him(D).
77) By(A) the time you arrive(B), I finish(C) writing an(D) essay.
78) We will be going(A) home as soon(B) as we have finished(C) our work(D).
79) Mr Green has taught(A) English this school since(B) he graduates(C) from the university in(D) 1986 80) At(A) 7 yesterday morning(B) when I arrive(C) at his house, he was still sleeping(D).
I Thì tương lai đơn:
A_ Công thức:
_ Phủ định: S(chủ ngữ) + shallnot/ willnot + V(nguyên mẫu)
B_ Cách dùng:
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1_ Diễn tả một sự việc sẽ xảy ra trong tương lai Thường dùng với các từ chỉ thời gian sau:
Tomorrow morning/ afternoon/ evening someday (1 ngày nào đó) soon (chẳng bao lâu nữa)
I shall visit you tomorrow.
Will you go to the circus next week?
Chú ý: thì hiện tại đơn sẽ được dùng thay thế cho thì tương lai đơn trong các mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ thời gian
(bắt đầu bằng “when” “before” “until” )
_ You will see him when he comes back tomorrow (“comes” được dùng trong mệnh đề thời gian
“when”)
_ I will not send her your letter until you arrive London.
II Thì tương lai gần:(Tương lai chỉ ý định)
A – Công thức:
S + am/ is/ are + going to + V(inf.) …….(dự định sẽ)
S + am/ is/ are + Ving… (sắp sửa)
B – Cách dùng:
Thì này được dùng để diễn tả 1 hành động sắp xảy ra hoặc 1 dự định sắp tới (thường trong câu không có cụm từchỉ thời gian)
Eg: My father is retiring
Where are you going to spend your holidays?
C – Bài tập: Chia động từ trong ngoặc ở thì HTĐ hay thì TLĐ:
1/ We (go) out when the rain (stop)
2/ I (stay) _ here until he (answer) me
3/ Wait until I (catch) you
4/ I (be) _ ready before you (count) _ ten
5/ John must eat his breakfast before he (go) out
6/ Miss Helen (help) _ you as soon as she (finish) _ that letter
7/ He (tell) _ you when you (get) there
8/ She (not come) until you (be) _ ready
9/ He (tell) you when you (ask) him
10/ I (come) and (see) _ you before I (leave) for England
Dïng c¸c tõ gîi ý viÕt c¸c c©u dïng be going to:
1 Kate and her friend/ visit a friend in the hospital/ this afternoon
2 lan/ go on a holiday/ next month
3 I/ see the doctor/ this afternoon
4 Richard/ have lunch/ at twelve o’clock
5 He/ see his parents/ next week
6 They/ move to the new house/ next week
7 How/ he/ cook dinner?
8 Where/ people/ sit/ at the party?
9 Why/ your sister/ study engineering?
10 How long/ you/ stay here?
Các bước đổi từ câu chủ động sang câu bị động như sau:
Ví du: Đổi câu sau sang bị động:
She cleans the house everyday
Chủ ngữ động từ (ở thì hiện tại đơn) tân ngữ trạng từ
Trước khi chuyển sang câu bị động phải phân tích câu
Sơ đồ chuyển từ câu chủ động sang câu bị động:
Câu chủ động: S(chủ ngữ) + V + O(tân ngữ)
Trang 10GV: Nguyễn Thị Thúy Nga Ơn thi tốt nghiệp THPTCâu bị động: S’ + be + pp + by O’
1 2 3 4Sau khi phân tích câu xong ta chuyển theo thứ tự các bước sau:
1_ Lấy tân ngữ của câu chủ động làm chủ từ câu bị động (The house)
2_ Chia động từ “to be” phù hợp với thì của động từ trong câu chủ động và chủ từ vừa mới tìm được
(The house is)
3_ Thêm quá khứ phân từ của động từ chính (The house is cleaned)
4_ Thêm “By” và chuyển chủ ngữ của câu chủ động sang làm tân ngữ của câu bị động và thêm cácthành phần khác để hồn thành câu
( The house is cleaned by her everyday.)
Nếu chủ từ của câu chủ động là các từ như: “someone”; “somebody”; “nobody”; “they”; “people” thì trong câu bị động người ta khơng dùng từ “by” và các từ này nữa.
Chú Ý: _ Nếu câu chủ động cĩ các trạng từ chỉ nơi chốn thì đặt chúng trước “By + tân ngữ bị động”
Chủ động The police found him in the forest.
Bị động He was found in the forest by the police.
_ Nếu câu chủ động cĩ các trạng từ chỉ thời gian thì đặt chúng sau By + tân ngữ bị động
Chủ động: Her parents will buy a new car next month.
Bị động: A new car will be bought by her parents next month.
*) THỂ BỊ ĐỘNG ở các thì đã học: S + be + PP + (by O):
Thì To be (chia trùng với thì của động từ chủ động Quá khứ phân từ của động từ
Động từ khiếm khuyết
MỘT SỐ DẠNG ĐẶC BIỆT
_ CÁC ĐỘNG TỪ: “SAY”;”THINK”; “BELIEVE”; “REPORT”
Bị động:Cách 1: It + be(thì) said + (that) + S2 + V2 + O2
Cách 2: S2 + be(thì) said to INF (của V2) + O2
Period 9: Exercises : CÂU BỊ ĐỘNG
Choose the best answer to complete each sentence:
1) Asian people eat rice Rice in many parts of Asia
2) Nowadays a lot of dangerous work _ by robots
3) Who wrote the story "Romeo and Juliet"? _ It _ by Shakespeare, an English writer
4) The package containing books and records _ last week
A is delivered B delivered C was delivered D has been delivered
A the telephone was invented
B did the telephone invent C did the telephone inventedD was the telephone invented
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6) English _ all over the world.
7) The students _ to be present in class at 2 p.m.
8) The new stadium _ next years
9) Mary can't use her computer now It _
A is being repaired B was repaired C is repaired D has been repaired10) This is a very popular TV programme It _ by millions of people every week
11) Last night someone broken into our house Oh, dear, _?
A has anything taken B is anything taken C was anything taken D were anything taken12) Police are looking for the missing boy He _ any where
A can not be found B not be found C doesn't found D will not be found13) Nowadays jeans _ all over the world
14) When I was young, I used to _ to school by my father.
15) Mr David can't use his office at the moment It _
A is decorated B redecorated C is being decorated D was decorated
16) A tree was lying across the road It _ down in the storm
17) That church looks very old When _?
A is it built B has it been built C was it built D did it build
18) His photograph _ on TV
19) He _ to drive a Land Rover
20) They are building a new highway around the city
A A new highway is built around the city
B A new highway around the city is built C Around the city a new highway is being builtD A new highway around the city is being built21) People doesn't use this road very often
A This road is used not very often
B Not very often this road is not used C This road very often is not used.D This road is not used very often
22) How do people learn language?
A How are languages learned by people?
B How are languages learned? C How languages learned?D How languages are learned?
23) Nobody cleaned these rooms yesterday
A These rooms were cleaned yesterday
B These rooms didn't be cleaned yesterday C Yesterday these rooms were not cleaned.D These rooms did not clean yesterday
24) People feed these animals twice a day
A These animals are feed twice a day
B These animals are fed twice a day C These animals fed twice a day.D These animals were fed twice a day
25) Someone was cleaning the room when I arrived
A The room cleaned when I arrived
B The room was cleaned when I arrived C The room was being cleaned when I arrivedD The room was cleaning when I arrived
26 You should give us this information
A We should give you this information
B We should be given this information C We should be give this information.D This information should give us
26 They are repairing our car at the garage
A Our car is repairing at the garage
B Our car is being repairing at the garage C Our car is being repaired at the garageD They are being repaired our car at the garage
27 We will finish the report in time
A The report will finish in time
B The report will be finished in time C The report will be finish in time.D The report is finished in time
28 We made certain mistakes
A Certain mistakes were made
B Certain mistakes made us C Certain mistakes made.D Certain mistakes was made
29 They considered his speech one of the best
A His speech was considered one of the best
B His speech was one of the best C His speech one of the best was considered.D His speech considered them one of the best
30 They thought that the man was still living
A The man thought he was still living
B D It thought the man to be still living C The man is thought to be still living.D The man was thought to be still living
31 She advised me to sell that house
A I am advised to sell that house
B I advised her to sell that house C I was advised to sell that house.D She was advised to sell that house
32 How did the police find the lost man?
A How was the lost man found by the police? C How the police found the lost man?
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B How the lost man found by the police? D How was the police found by the lost man?
33 They believed that she won the competition
A She was believed to win the competition
B It was believed to win the competition C It was believed her to win the competition.D She believed them to win the competition
34) Do they teach English here?
A Is English taught here?
B English is teach here? C Is English teach here?D English taught here?
35) They may use this room for the classroom
A This room may use for the classroom
B The classroom may be used for this room C They may be used for the classroom.D This room may be used for the classroom
36) The teacher is going to tell a story
A A story is going to be told by the teacher
B A story is going to tell by the teacher C A story be told by the teacher.D A story is going to tell the teacher
36) Mary is cutting a cake with a sharp knife
A A cake is being cut with a sharp knife by Mary
B A cake is cut with a sharp knife by Mary C A sharp knife is cut with a cake by Mary.D A & C are correct
37) Somebody has taken some of my books away
A Some of my books have been taken away
B Some of my books have taken away C Some of my books away have taken.D Some of my books taken away
Chọn các chữ cái (A, B, C hay D) cĩ chứa các lỗi sai và sửa:
38) Him (A) was taken to (B) hospital in (C) an ambulance (D) yesterday.
39) English (A) is believe (B) to be (C) an international (D) language.
40) The (A) watch has (B) not repaired (C) by the man yet (D).
41) The (A) book had found (B) by the boy (C) before they came (D).
42) He is very (A) brave His friends (B) are impresses (C) by his bravery (D).
43) I help (A) to recall (B) my memories by (C) my friends I must say thanks to (D) them.
44) They didn t tell’t tell (A) all the details (B) of (C) the case by (D) their parents.
45) I had (A) my motorbike repair (B) yesterday but (C) now it still doesn t work’t tell (D)
46) They (A) were took (B) for a drive in (C) the new car by (D) my father.
Period 10: DANH ĐỘNG TỪ VÀ DANH TỪ
I Danh động từ:(Gerund)
Danh động từ có cấu trúc giống như hiện tại phân từ ( tức là động từ thêm ING) : talking, learning, cutting, lying…
Danh động từ thực hiện chức năng của một danh từ trong câu Nó thường được :
1/ Dùng làm chủ từ : (subject)
- Swimming is good for our health
- Being friendly will bring you friends.
2/ Dùng làm túc từ cho động từ : (object of a verb)
- These boys like swimming
- My brother practises speaking English every day.
3/ Dùng làm túc từ cho giới từ : (object of a preposition)
- He is fond of swimming
- She is interested in learning English
4/ Dùng làm bổ ngữ cho chủ từ : (subject complement)
- My hobby is swimming
- Seeing is believing
5/ Dùng trong câu ngăn cấm ngắn (short prohibition) hoặc để thành lập danh từ kép (compoundnoun)
- No smoking - No talking, please
- a swimming pool - a dining room - a washing machine
6/ Dùng sau tính từ sở hữu :
- Please forgive my coming late
- His driving carelessly often causes accidents.
7/ Dùng sau một số động từ và một số cách diễn đạt nhất định như : admit (thừa nhận), advise
(khuyên), avoid (tránh), consider (nghĩ tới), delay (trì hoãn), deny (phủ nhận), dislike (không thích), enjoy (thích), finish (hoàn tất), hate (ghét), keep (tiếp tục), like (thích), mind (lưu tâm), practise (luyện
Trang 13GV: Nguyễn Thị Thúy Nga Ơn thi tốt nghiệp THPTtập), postpone (trì hoãn), quit (bỏ), risk (liều), suggest (đề nghị), can’t help (không thể không), can’t bear (không thể chịu đựng), can’t stand (không thể chịu đựng), be worth (đáng), be busy (bận), it’s no use (vô ích), there’s no (không…)…
- We enjoy listening to music
- I can’t help laughing when she makes jokes.
+ Chú ý : Một số động từ có thể theo sau bởi danh động từ hoặc động từ nguyên mẫu nhưng có sự khác
biệt về nghĩa trong câu
(*) Remember + gerund : nhớ lại việc đã thực hiện.
- I remember posting the letter
Remember + to infinitive : nhớ để thực hiện.
- I’ll remember to post the letter
(*) Stop + gerund : ngưng thực hiện việc đang làm.
- She stopped mending the dress
Stop + to infinitive : ngưng làm một việc gì khác để làm việc này.
- He stopped to have a drink
(*) Try + gerund : thử làm việc gì
- I’ve tried writing in blue ink to see if my handwriting is better
Try + to infinitive : cố gắng làm việc gì.
- They tried to work as hard as they could
(*) Mean + gerund : mang ý nghĩa.
- Failure in the exam means having to learn one more year
Mean + to infinitive : dự định làm việc gì.
- He means to take the coming exam
(*) Forget + gerund : quên điều gì đã xảy ra - I forgot telling her this story.
Forget + to infinitive : quên làm điều gì - I forgot to tell her about this
(*) Regret + gerund : hối tiếc việc đã xảy ra - She regrets going to a village school.
Regret + to infinitive : hối tiếc sẽ làm việc gì - I regret to tell you that I can’t go with you.
*) Hiện tại phân từ (V-ING) và quá khứ phân từ (V-ED) làm tính từ:
Hiện tại phân từ (V-ing) Quá khứ phân từ (V-ed)
_ Thường liên quan đến vật, sự vật
_ Mang nghiã chủ động
+ The football match is exciting.
+The film was very boring.
_ Thường liên quan đến người
_ Mang nghĩa bị động
+ We are excited about the football match.
+ He was bored with the film.
+ The film made him bored.
_ interested in ; tired of ; surprised at ; amused at/by ;excited about ; bored with; frightened of; terrified of
II Danh từ
A Cách chuyển danh từ số ít sang danh từ số nhiều:
Danh từ là một phần quan trọng khơng thể thiếu trong ngơn ngữ Trong tiếng Anh cĩ danh từ số ít và danh từ sốnhiều Ngồi cách chuyển theo quy tắc thơng thường là thêm “s” vào danh từ để biến từ dạng số ít sang dạng số nhiều, thì cịn cĩ những trường hợp ngoại lệ mà khơng phải ai cũng biết Sau đây là một số ngoại lệ thơng dụng:
1 Danh từ số ít kết thúc bằng “f” hoặc “fe”
Với những danh từ kết thúc bằng “f/ fe”, khi chuyển sang danh từ số nhiều, ta bỏ f/fe và thêm ves Tuy nhiên cĩmột số trường hợp vẫn giữ nguyên f/fe sau đĩ thêm s, một số trường hợp thì chấp nhận cả hai cách
Ví dụ:
Bỏ f/fe, thêm ves: a knife – knives, one half – two halves, my life – their lives, a wolf – wolves
Giữ nguyên, thêm s: one roof – roofs, a cliff – many cliffs, a safe – safes
Trang 14GV: Nguyễn Thị Thúy Nga Ôn thi tốt nghiệp THPT
Có thể giữ nguyên, cũng có thể bỏ f/fe thêm s: a dwarf – the seven dwarfs/ dwarves, one wharf – a few
wharfs/ wharves
2 Những danh từ số nhiều đặc biệt
Những danh từ số nhiều đặc biệt xuất xứ từ tiếng Anh cổ Bạn hãy học thuộc những từ này bởi chúng được sử dụng rất phổ biến
an ox – oxen (castrated bulls)
a brother – brethren (in church orders), brothers (in a family)
a louse – lice (con chấy, rận)
a die – dice (for playing games) (hột súc sắc)
3 Một cách viết cho danh từ số nhiều và số ít
Có rất nhiều danh từ có dạng số nhiều và số ít giống nhau như:
a sheep – sheep, a deer – deer, a moose – moose
a fish – fish (fishes: dùng khi chỉ các loài cá khác nhau )
a dozen – two dozen roses, a hundred – several hundred men (nhưng có thể nói: dozens of roses, hundreds of people)
4 Danh từ luôn ở dạng số nhiều
Một số danh từ luôn ở dạng số nhiều, cho dù có kết thúc bằng “s” hay không
The police are looking for the robbers
I like these pants / jeans / shorts
Use either scissors or nail clippers
Binoculars are stronger than any glasses.
Một số danh từ khác, kết thúc bằng “s” lại mang một nghĩa khác Other nouns ending with “s” only have a plural form only with certain meanings
customs (hải quan)
• Một số danh từ kết thúc bằng “s” nhưng lại thường là dạng số ít
Các loại bệnh tật: measles, rabies
Các lĩnh vực nghiên cứu: economics, ethics, linguistics, politics, physics, gymnastics
Các trò chơi: dominoes, darts, cards
Ví dụ: I study mathematics, which is very difficult Dominoes is my favorite pastime
• Một số danh từ có dạng số ít và số nhiều giống nhau, đều kết thúc bằng chữ s: Barracks, means, headquarters, crossroads
Ví dụ:
a TV series – many TV series,
Money is a means to an end
Newspapers and TV are means of mass-communication
There is one species of humans but many species of cats
Trang 15GV: Nguyễn Thị Thỳy Nga ễn thi tốt nghiệp THPT
Nếu trước “o” là một phụ õm thỡ khụng cú quy tắc nhất quỏn:
Potato-potatoes, hero-heroes
Nhưng
Photo-photos, memo-memos
7 Những từ kết thỳc bằng “y”
Những từ kết thỳc bằng “y” thường chuyển “y” thành “i” rồi mới thờm “es”
Cry-cries, fly-flies, party-parties
B Cách phát âm đuôi S/ES của động từ ngôi thứ ba số ít, danh từ số nhiều, và sở hữu cách.
missesmixeswashesmatchesmassagesstagesrises
Bruce’t tellsFelix’t tellsTrish’t tellsGooch’t tellsSolange’t tellsGorge’t tellsRose’t tells
Đọc là /Z/ sau các từ tận cùng bằng các phụ âm còn lại, và tất cả các nguyên âm.
Plural nouns 3rd singular verbs Possessives
robslivesreadsdigsfillscomeslearnsbringsgoesplayswears
Bob’t tells Olive’t tellsDonald’t tellsPeg’t tellsDaniel’t tellsTom’t tellsJane’t tellsKing’t tellsJo’t tellsClay’t tellsClare’t tells
C Cấu tạo danh từ:
Danh từ Teach – teacher; type – typist; collect – collector
Science – scientist; art – artist
* Moọt soỏ danh tửứ gheựp (V-ING + Noun)
Chổ muùc ủớch sửỷ duùng
_ a reading lamp: ủeứn baứn; _ fising rod: daõy caõu; _ fighting cock: gaứ ủaự _ writing paper: giaỏy vieỏt _ wrapping paper: giaỏy goựi; _ cooking apple
_ eating apple : taựo aờn _ dancing shoes: giaứy khieõu vuừ
*)Moọt soỏ danh tửứ gheựp (Noun + Noun)
- a match box - a paper mill - a race horse
BÀI TẬP VỀ TO INFINITIVE VÀ V- ING
1 He’t tells not really interested in on the farm.
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2 I’t tellll do the shopping when I’t tellve finished the house
3 She is one of those who enjoy _ money on clothes
4 He is used to _ late until he finishes his work
5 My father doesn’t tellt allow me _ in his room
6 It’t tells better to avoid during the rush hour
7 When I’t tellm tired, I enjoy listening to music It’t tells
8 I have difficulty in and English
A speak - writing B speaking - writing C to speak – to write D speak - write
9 I don’t tellt mind _ you the washing up
A help - do B helping - doing C helping - do D to help – to do
10 The children are looking forward to on holiday
11 Her advice made him his mind
12 They spend a lot of time about what they would do
13 Do your parents permit you at night after 10 p.m.?
14 The Internet will make it easier English
15 They agree _ him some money to buy a new bike
16 The climb was because of the bad weather
17 I hope she doesn’t tellt keep us
18 I am going to have my car _ tomorrow
19 I find the time of English meals very strange – I’t tellm not used dinner at 6 p.m
20 I’t tellm really looking forward _ to university
21 I wish I had enough money _ a computer
22 He telephoned me _ me to his birthday party
23 “The Spy Returns” is a very _ film about a wealthy man who visits Italy
24 Tell him to see me at once
25 He advises us more studious
26) We don’t tellt allow people in this room
27) Nothing will make me my mind
28) Tom let me his car yesterday
29) Students stopped noise when the teacher came in
30) He’t tellll try the same mistake again
31) Would you mind me a newspaper?
32) Would you like a dance with me?
33) I hope that tiring work again
34) They postponed the school for lack of finance
35) Are his ideas worth to?
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36) Do you agree me some money?
37) Tom refused me his address
38) My watch keeps
39) My grandfather gets used to up early in the morning
40) You should try any shirts you want to buy
41) Do you often practise English?
42) Would you like me down the radio?
43) We found it very difficult a decision
44) I was looking forward to you yesterday
45) It takes me hours a letter
46) He is too busy care of her
47) I promise to give you an opportunity questions
48) I caught a cold yesterday from in the rain
49) He is very in my story
50) I didn’t tellt find the situation funny It wasn’t tellt
51) I went home early because I felt
52) It’t tells a work, so you’t tellll get of it
A bored/ tired B bored/ tiring C boring/ tiring D boring/ tired
53) He seems quite with his new job
54) Do you think the film is ?
55) It was that he passed the exam
56) Everybody was that he passed the exam
57) Why do you always look so ? Is your life really ?
A bored/ boring B bored/ bored C boring/ bored D boring/ boring
58) I still(A) remember to leave(B) your hat here(C) this morning(D).
58) He’t tells(A) tired He stopped(B) to work(C) for a while(D).
60) Please(A) remember write(B) to me(C) as soon(D) as possible.
61) She(A) began play(B) the guitar when(C) she was six(D).
62) I’t telld(A) like telling(B) you something(C) about myself(D).
63) You have an(A) interview with (B)Mr Lee tomorrow Don’t tellt(C) forget meeting(D) him.
64) I don’t tellt regret to tell(A) her what(B) I thought, even though (C) it made her angry(D).
65) I tried writing(A) a letter but(B) my hands were too(C) cold to hold(D) a pen.
66) Lan enjoys to read(A) English newspapers(B) very much She wants to improve (C) her English(D) 67) It’t tells(A) no use telephone(B) Lan She’t tells(C) out now(D).
68) I was lonely(A) at first, but(B) after a short time(C) I got used to live alone(D).
69) Would(A) you mind telling(B) me how get(C) to (D) the post office?
70) I wanted to stop (A) buying(B) some presents, but(C) I didn’t tellt have enough(D) time.
Period 11+12: TÍNH TỪ (ADJECTIVES) VÀ TRẠNG TỪ (ADVERBS)
I Adjectives and Adverbs.
1 Adjectives:
* Positions: - Adj + N beautiful hat
- be/ seem/ appear/ feel/ taste/ look/ keep + Adj He seems tired now.
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- be/ seem/ look/ taste + too + Adj He is too young to drive a motorbike.
- be + Adj + enough She is tall enough to play volleyball.
- be/ seem/ look/ taste/ smell/ + so + Adj + that The story is so interesting that I can’t put it down.
- How + Adj + S + V How beautiful the girl is.
Notes: Trật tự từ của tính từ:
- Tính từ chỉ cảm nghĩ đứng trớc tính từ miêu tả: an interesting young man.
- Đôi khi chúng ta dùng hai hay nhiều tính từ miêu tả trong một câu, thì trật tự của chúng đợc sắp xếp nh sau:
Số lợng + Chất lợng + Kích thớc + Tuổi tác + Màu sắc + Xuất xứ (quốc gia)+ Chất liệu + NOUN
eg a beautiful old French picture.
- Tính từ chỉ kích thớc và chiều dài (big, tall, long ) thờng đi trớc tính từ chỉ hình dáng và chiều rộng (round,fat, wide ) eg a long narrow street
- Khi có hai hoặc hơn hai tính từ chỉ màu sắc,ta dùng liên từ ‘and’t tell
eg a red, white and green flag.
2 Adverbs: là những từ dùng để diễn tả tính cách, đặc tính, mức độ, trạng thái và đợc dùng để bổ nghĩa
cho động từ, tính từ, trạng từ khác hoặc cho cả câu
* Positions: - V(trợ động từ) + Adv + V (thờng) I have recently finished my homework.
- be/ feel/ look/ + Adv + Adj I feel completely interested in this book.
- V (thờng) + too + Adv He studied too lazily to pass his exam.
- V (thờng) + so + Adv + that Jack drove so fast that he caused an accident.
- S + V + (O) + Adv He drives carefully.
- V (thờng) + Adv + enough He worked hard enough to succeed.
- Adv cũng có thể đứng một mình ở đầu câu (hoặc giữa câu giữa hai dấu “,”)
Suddenly, he heard a strange voice.
II Degrees of comparison of Adj and Adv.
1 Equal dgree: S + V + as + Adj/ Adv + as + N/ Pronoun.
eg He is as tall as his father / Mai is as beautiful as her mother.
- Có thể thay ‘as’t tell bằng ‘so’t tell trong câu phủ định S + Be not + as/so +Adj + as N/ Pronoun
S + do/ does not +as/so + Adv +
eg Your pen is not so expensive as mine.
- Có thể diễn đạt ý bằng nhau, nh nhau:
S + V + the same + (noun) + as + noun (pronoun).
eg My house is as high as his = My house is the same height as his.
Marry is as old as Tony = Marry and Tony are the same age.
2 Comparative degree:
a Short Adjectives/ Adverbs: S + V + short Adj/Adv + er + than + Noun/ Pronoun.
eg Today is hotter than yesterday./ He runs faster than I do.
- Tính từ 1 âm tiết tận cùng là phụ âm đơn ( trừ w, x, z) đứng tr ớc một nguyên âm đơn thì gấp đôi phụ âm cuối +
er big - bigger
- Tính từ 2 âm tiết có tận cùng là : y, le, er, ow, et + er quieter, cleverer, narrower
- Tính từ 2 âm tiết nhng kết thúc bằng một phụ âm + y, đổi ‘y’t tell thành ‘i’t tell + er happier
- So sánh hơn có thể đợc nhấn mạnh bằng cách cộng thêm ‘much’t tell hoặc ‘far’t tell
S + V + far/ much + short Adj/ Adv + er + than + noun/ pronoun.
eg Today is much hotter than yesterday.
b Long Adjectives/ Adverbs: S + V + more long Adj/ Adv + than + Noun/Pronoun.
eg This chair is more comfortable than the other.
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He speaks English more fluently than I do
- Nhấn mạnh : S + V + far/ much + more + long Adj/ Adv + than + noun/ pronoun
eg Hoa’t tells watch is much/ far more expensive than mine.
He reads much more rapidly than his brother.
- So sánh kém hơn: S + V + less Adj/ Adv than noun/ pronoun
eg My TV is less beautiful than yours.
He drives less carefully than I think.
3 Superlative degree:
S + V + the + short Adj/Adv + est + in (danh từ đếm đợc số ít)
+ the most + long Adj/ Adv + of (danh từ đếm đợc số nhiều)
+ the least + Adj/ Adv
eg He is the tallest in my class
Nga is the most inteligent of all the students.
Those shoes are the least expensive of all.
the next (về thứ tự)
the last (về thứ tự)
elder the eldest (về cấp bậc hơn là tuổi tác)
4 So sánh kép (double comparatives):
a Càng ngày càng, mỗi lúc một hơn.
* Với tính từ ngắn: Adj + ER and Adj + er The weather gets warmer and warmer
* Với tính từ dài: more and more + Adj She becomes more and more beautiful.
b Càng ngày càng ít , càng ngày càng kém : less and less + Adj
eg He is less and less hard-working.
c Càng thì càng
* Với tính từ ngắn: The adj + er , the adj + er
eg The darker it gets, the colder it is.
* Với tính từ dài: The more adj , the more adj
eg The more beautiful she is, the more miserable her husband is.
* Với động từ: the more , the more The more you learn, the more you forget.
Note: Nhiều khi hai vế không cùng một loại tính từ dài hay ngắn nhng có thể sử dụng lẫn lộn với nhau (hoặc vếtrớc tính từ, vế sau động từ hoặc ngợc lại, )
eg The more she smiles, the more graceful she is.
d Càng ít , thì càng ít Càng kém , thì càng kém
* Với tính từ: The less + adj , the less + adj .
eg The less difficult the lessons are, the less hard-working the students.
* Với động từ : the less , the less
The less I live with him, the less I like him.
5 Những cách nói khác có tính cách so sánh.
a Other than : khác I want to read other novels than these.
b Rather than: hơn là We want to be poor rather than rich.
c Had better: nên You’t telld better stay at home than go fishing.
d Had rather hoặc Would rather: thích hơn We’t telld rather watch a film than read a book.
6 Danh từ cũng có thể đợc dùng trong so sánh:
S + V + as + many/ much/ little/ few + noun +as + noun/ pronoun.
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eg He earns as much money as his brother.
I have more books than she does.
BÀI TẬP: Chọn từ thích hợp để điền vào chỗ trống
1) Sarah is at chemistry than Susan
2) I don’t work so hard my father
3) Sam is the student in my class
4) No one in my class is beautiful her
A as/ as B more / as C as/ than D the/ more
5) Going by train isn’t convenient as going by car
6) The test is not difficult it was last month
7) Peter usually drives Mary
8) She cooked than you
9) This film is interesting than that film
10) My salary is his salary
11) He works we do
12) No one in this class is Jimmy
A so tall as B tall than C the tallest D more tall than
13) Apples are usually oranges
14) I know him than you do
A much better B more better C more well D good
15) Marie is not intelligent her sister
16) Janet is tennis player in the club
17) I ran than Tom
18) She can speak English I can
19) Ann is 18 years old Sue is 20 years old Ann is Sue
20) Nobody can cook as as my mother
21) Jane can swim than I can
22) Tom drives than Jim does
23) Today the weather is than yesterday
A much worse B more bad C more badly D good
24) Sound travels more light does
25) My bicycle is yours
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26) This ring is that one
A valuable B more valuable C valuable than D more valuable than
27) Hue is beautiful Dalat
A as/ as B so/ as C as/ so D so/ so
28) Nam is Tan
A much big than B much bigger than C more bigger than D the biggest
29) My computer is modern yours
A less/ than B so/ as C the/ than D more/ as
30) She doesn’t work her sister
A as hard as B so hard C more harder than D much hard than31) What is road in this city?
32) Hoa is the of the three students
A tallest B taller C tall D most tall
33) My brother sings me
34) Thong is the in my class
35) What month is in the year?
36) I have job in the world
A the best B good C the better D well
37) Our team didn’t play I expected
A as well as B better C well D as good as
38) Could you talk ? I’m trying to work
39) Sorry we’re late Your house is much than we thought
40) Write a report first It’s more important your other work
41) Thank you! That’s gift I have ever received
42) Jordan played skillfully O’Neal
43) The little boy spoke English his brother
A more fluent than B fluently than C more fluent than D more fluently than
44) His job is important than his friend’s
45) He plays the guitar well as my brother
46) Tom reads than his sister
47) California is farther from New York Pennsylvania
48) China is the country with the population
49) My sister is much than me
50) Do you feel today than yesterday?
51) He is the person we know
52) Mary is as her sister
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53) Today English is international of languages
54) We are not you
55) Is this book more interesting the one you read last week?
56) John is much I thought
A strong B more strong C much stronger than D more stronger than57) I’m a player than she is
58) Nobody in this team plays Tom
59 Ho Chi Minh city is _ than Hanoi
60 The bus takes _ than the train
A longer B more long C the longest D long
Chọn các chữ cái (A, B, C hay D) có chứa các lỗi sai và sửa:
61) Peter plays (A) the piano (B) better (C) I do (D).
62) Mary looks (A) more prettier (B) than (C) she used to be (D).
63) Your (A) computer works (B) fast (C) than mine (D).
64) The problem seems (A) to be more serious (B) that (C) we thought (D).
65) His father (A) and he (B) can run so (C) fast as (D) I do.
66) This (A) machine is not so (B) modern than (C) that one (D).
67) This film is (A) more interesting (B) the one (C) we saw (D) last week.
68) His old (A) house in the countryside (B) is the smaller (C) than his new one in the city (D).
69) “What (A) is the most long (B) river in the world (C)?” asked (D) the teacher.
70) That is the more (A) boring film that (B) my friend and (C) I have ever seen (D).
71) She’s as (A) good at (B) tennis so (C) her friends are (D).
72) His hand is (A) so (B) steady as (C) a rock (D).
73) She wrote a 250-word letter (A) to (B) her friend, who is more friendlier (C) than her (D).
74) The (A) dictionary wasn’t (B) as helpful than (C) I had hoped (D).
75) A new (A) house is much (B) most (C) expensive than an old one (D).
76) Summer nights (A) in Cairo are (B) much more warmer (C) than in (D) London.
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Period 13: ĐẠI TỪ (PRONOUNS)
Đại từ là những từ dùng thay cho danh từ
Đại từ có thể được chia thành những loại sau:
- Đại từ nhân xưng (S, O)
Đại từ sở hữu Đại từ phản thân
Eg: They gave her some flowers.
She put her arm through mine (my arm)
John bought himself a new car.
The students themselves decorated the room.
chú ý: by + đại từ phản thân = alone (1 mình)
John washed the dishes by himself = John washed the dishes alone.
II Đại từ chỉ định (demonstrative pronouns)
1 This – These; That – those:
- Đại từ “this/these” để chỉ những gì gần về không gian, thời gian hoặc khái niệm; “that/ those” chỉ những gì ở
xa hơn: Do you know these people? This is Lan and this is Nam.
- Các đại từ trên thường được dùng với danh từ chỉ thời gian:
Eg: My father had to go to Hanoi this morning.
- Đại từ “that/ those” có thể được thay cho 1 danh từ đã được nói đến rồi:
Eg: The population of China is bigger than that of Vietnam.
2 Such (như thế này, như thế kia):
Eg: He was a silent, ambitious man Such men usually succeed.
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- “Such” thỉnh thoảng cĩ thể được thấy trong 1 cụm từ:
Eg: They export a lot of fruits such as oranges, lemons…
3 Same (như nhau):
Đại từ chỉ định “same” luơn luơn đứng sau mạo từ xác định “the”:
Eg: I found her just the same as before.
III Đại từ bất định (Indefinite pronouns):
1 Somebody, someone, something
- Được dùng trong câu khẳng định và đi với động từ số ít: I’ve got something to tell you.
- Được dùng trong câu hỏi khi câu trả lời là “yes”: Have you got something in your eyes?
- Được dùng khi muốn mời hay yêu cầu làm gì: Would you like something to drink?
2 Anybody, anyone, anything
- Được dùng trong câu phủ định và nghi vấn và đi với động từ số ít: Is there anybody in the room?
- Được dùng trong mệnh đề “If”: If anyone has any questions, I’ll be pleased to answer them.
3 Nobody, noone, nothing
- Được dùng với nghĩa phủ định, cĩ thể đứng đầu câu hoặc đứng 1 mình và dùng với động từ ở hình thức số ít
- Khi dùng “nobody, noone, nothing” thì khơng dùng động từ phủ định: He said nothing.
- Sau “nobody, noone” cĩ thể dùng “they, them, their”: Nobody phoned, did they?/ Noone did their homework.
Period 14+15+16: ĐẠI TỪ QUAN HỆ VÀ TRẠNG TỪ QUAN HỆ
Mệnh đề quan hệ giới hạn
Relative pronouns : WHO – WHOM – WHICH – WHOSE - THAT
1 The woman is my mother She wears a hat
The woman who / that wears a hat is my mother
2 My mother is the person I always think of her
My mother is the person whom / that I always think of
3 The bicycle is beautiful You are looking at it
The bicycle which / that you are looking at is beautiful.
4 The book is my teacher’t tells It is on the table
The book which / that is on the table is my teacher’t tells
5 He is the boy His father is the director of this company
He is the boy whose father is the director of this company
Relative adverbs : WHERE – WHEN – WHY
1 WHERE : được dùng để thay thế “ giới từ + which” : in which, at which, on which “ …” khi nói về
nơi chốn
Ex: I went to the office My father works in the office
I went to the office in which my father works.
I went to the office where my father works.
2 WHEN: được dùng để thay thế “giới từ + which” : in which , at which, on which “ … ” khi nói về
thời gian
Ex: You can visit me on Sundays I am usually free on Sundays
You can visit me on Sundays on which I am usually free
You can visit me on Sundays when I am usually free
Trêng THPT Tø S¬n
Chức năng Mệnh đề quan hệ giới hạn Mệnh đề quan hệ không giới
hạnChủ ngữ
Tân ngữ
Vật WHOSE/ OF WHICH WHOSE/ OF WHICH
24
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3 WHY : được dùng để thay thế for + which “ ” khi nói về lý do
Ex: He refused my invitation The reason is unknown
The reason why he refused my invitation is unknown.
NOTE : where , when , why “ “ không bao giờ đi sau giới từ
Mệnh đề quan hệ không giới hạn : là mệnh đề bổ sung, đặt sau danh từ đã được xác định, và được ngăn
cách với mệnh đề chính bởi một hoặc hai dấu phẩy
Ex: Michael Jackson is an American singer I saw him on TV yesterday
Michael Jackson , whom I saw on TV yesterday , is an American singer.
Trong mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định ( không giới hạn ) , danh từ xác định thường là :
Danh từ riêng : Nam, Hong , Mr Smith, Mrs Green …
Đại từ chỉ định : this , that , these, those
Tính từ sở hữu : my, your , our , their , his, her
Ex: Mr Pike is very nice He is my neighbor Mr Pike , who is my neighbor , is very nice.
This matter is of great importance You should pay attention to it
This matter , to which you should pay attention, is of great importance
Do you see my pen ? I’t tellve just written the lesson with it Do you see my pen, with which I ’ ve just written the lesson
NOTES
a “That” thường được dùng trong các trường hợp sau:
Khi từ đi trước chỉ người và vật
Ex: The girls and flowers that he painted were vivid
Sau so sánh nhất khi danh từ đi trước làm tân ngữ và sau những từ như : the first, the last, the only,
the very, any, all, nothing, anything, everything, few, nobody,
Ex: You are the person that I have been looking for She is the ugliest girl that I’t tellve ever seen.
I have never seen anyone that is as lovely as she
b “That” không bao giờ được dùng trong các trường hợp sau:
Đại từ quan hệ có giới từ đứng trước
Ex: The house in which / in that I live is my father’t tells.
That is the man from whom / from that I borrowed the car.
Mệnh đề quan hệ không giới hạn
Ex: Viet Nam, which / that is in the south-east Asia, exports rice.
BÀI TẬP:
*Exercise 1: Choose the best answer to complete each sentence
1) A football player is a person play football
2) Marie Curie was a French physicist _ father was Polish
3) _, which is an old university, is known all over the world
4) They took her to the hospital, _ is only a mile away
5) Yesterday she had to do a difficult English test for she did not prepare
6) Tom, _ fixes my bicycle, has just won the lottery
7) was a French Emperor, fought his final battle in Waterloo
A Napoleon who B Napoleon, who C Napoleon, that D Napoleon, whose
8) Ann found the book that wanted at the bookshop
9) This is the school my father used to teach
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10) It is the English articles puzzle me most
11) Charles Dickens, whose _ all over the world, was not very successful with his career at first
A books read B books reading C books are read D books to read
12) That is my friend _ comes from Japan
13) That's the doctor for _ Cliffs works
14) Mary, _ I met at the party, called me last night
15) Tell me about the city _ you grew up
16) I still remember the man _ taught me to play the violin when I was a boy
17) No one knows exactly _ we laugh
18) London is the city in I was born
19) Not all artists are famous have spent years studying
20) Do you know a nearby restaurant has good food?
21) Do you know a shop I can buy a computer?
22) The house he lives is not very big
24) this is the bank was robbed yesterday
25) My friend Minh, was my classmate in primary school, is moving to Ho Chi Minh city next week
26) The hotel we stayed during our last summer holiday was very expensive
27) Many members in my class like Mai, to our class last month, do not like the new teacher
28) I live in a building there are 40 floors
29) I live in a building has 40 floors
30) The police have discovered the paintings were stolen last month from the museum
31) Ted, fixes my car, has just won the lottery
32) Do you have a calculator I can borrow?
33) They seem to give the children anything they want
34) Africa music is the music of the black peoples
A who lives in the south of the Sahara
B who live south of the Sahara
C at lives in south of the Sahara
D which live south of the Sahara35) In Mexico, chocolate is an ingredient in mole sauce,
A that is often served with chicken
B it is often served with chicken
C which is often served with chicken
D which often served with chicken36) It is large, old trees _
A which shade houses and streets from the sun C that shade houses and streets from the shade
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B to shade houses and streets from the sun D they shade houses and streets against the sun.37) All states in the United States and Mexico have laws _
A that regulate hunting
B that regulates hunting
C which regulating hunting
D regulated hunting38) I took the damaged watch to my watch maker knows how to repair all sorts of things
39) He will take us to the town we can see old temples
40) Peter works for a factory makes motorbikes
41) What was the name of the girl _ bicycle was stolen?
42) She will help you _ she has some free time
43) Somebody forgot this hat I wonder hat that is
45) Scientists study fossils (Hoá thạch) to learn _ the animals looked like
46) Most kinds of bats (loài dơi) make their home in the tropics, they can find food the year round
47) A person wants to build a house must first select a piece of land
48) It was in the United Kingdom and then France _
A where the writer works for the rest of his life
B when the writer worked for the rest of his life
C that the writer worked for the rest of his life
D did the writer work for the rest of his life49) Can you show me to use this washing machine?
50) Dien Bien Phu is the place _ our army won a resounding victory in 1954
51) Dr Sales is the person _
A in that I don’t have much confidence (sự tin tưởng)
B whom I don’t have much confidence in him
C I don’t have much confidence
D in whom I don’t have much confidence52) Have you found the book ?
55) The artist name I can’t remember is one of the best I have ever known
Tìm lỗi sai trong những câu sau và sửa lại cho đúng:
56 Ha Noi is (A) the place which (B) I grew up (C) between the age (D) of two and ten.
57 Darwin, who (A) theory of evolution (B) is famous throughout (C) the world, was an English scientist (D).
58 I'm grateful to (A) Mr Anderson, whom (B) taught me the first (C) lessons of (D) computer skills
59 The singer which (A) performed live (B) on VTV3 yesterday has always (C) been the singer I admire most
(D)
60 The plants which (A) is (B) in the living room (C) need a lot of water (D).
61 The teacher lives (A) in that (B) old house is (C) my father’s (D) friend.
62 The (A) girl whom (B) he fell in love with her (C) left him after a few (D) months.
63 Peter, that (A) I spoke to on the phone (B) last night, is (C) very interested in (D) mathematics.
64 The (A) woman after who (B) Ann is looking is (C) very old and (D) poor.
65 Do you know (A) the restaurant where (B) we can have a really good (C) meal there (D)?
66 What’s (A) the name of (B) the man who (C) car you borrowed (D)?
Trang 28GV: Nguyễn Thị Thúy Nga Ôn thi tốt nghiệp THPT
67 I’ll A) never forget B) the day which (C) I first met her (D).
68 She doesn’t (A) want to talk about (B) the reason why (C) she divorced her husband for the reason (D).
69 The (A) bed on that (B) I slept (C) last night has no (D) mattress.
