Adjective clauses: S + be + Adjective + that clause S + V– ’ That clauses come after adjectives that refer to feelings or certainty: afraid, angry, bad, certain, disappointed, glad, hap
Trang 1I Adjectives:
1 Adj can come in two places in a sentence
• Adj + N : a beautiful girl, careful drives
• V + adj.: (Verbs: be, look, seem, appear, feel, find, taste, sound, smell )
E.g.: You seem happy
2 Adjective clauses:
S + be + Adjective + that clause (S + V)– ’ That clauses come after adjectives that refer to feelings or certainty: afraid,
angry, bad, certain, disappointed, glad, happy, graceful, helpful, important, lucky, pleased, possible, sad, sorry, sure, thankful, true, wrong …
E.g.: I’m disappointed that people have spoiled this area.
II Adverbs of manner: Adjective + ly
Safe
Careful
Happy
wide
Safely
Carefully
Happily
widely
Some adjectives and adverbs are the same: hard, fast, early, late, far
Hardly (hầu như không), lately (recently), mostly (chủ yếu là) are not adverbs of manner
Adverbs normally go after the direct object
E.g.:- I read the letter carefully
- She worked slowly
III Adverb clauses
1.Adverb clauses of result with: so, therefore, consequently
E.g.:- Plastic bags are very hard to dissolver, so they will cause pollution.
- I stayed up late watching TV, therefore, I’m tired now
2.Adverb clauses of reason with: because, since, as
E.g.: - Because/ Since/ As pollution is something that other folk do, we’re just
enjoying our day
- Unfortunately my company does not produce recycle paper since/ because/
as it is more expensive to make than regular paper.
3 Adverb clauses of concession with though/ although/ even though
E.g.: Thu Ha is not satisfied with her preparation for Tet, although/ even though/ though she has decorated her house and made a plenty of cakes.
IV Conditional sentences
I: Real condition S + V (present simple) S + will/shall + inf
Can/ should/ must + inf
II: Unreal condition in the
present / future
S + V (past simple ) S + would/ could/ might +
inf
E.g.: - If the rice paddies are polluted, the rice plants will die
- If you saw a UFO, what would you do?
V Relative clause:
Trang 2• Relative pronouns:
who/which/ that: relative pronouns, used to replace the pronouns /nouns
- Who → used for people.
- Which → used for thing.
- That → replacing who or which in defining relative clauses
+ being used after the superlative, all, first, last, all, anything, everyone somebody, nobody,
E.g
1 Linda is the girl who/ that is giving her Mom a gift
2 The shoes which/ that Linda is wearing are red
3 The man and his dog that are sitting behind me came here from France
4 There is nobody that was invited in the party
• Types of relative clauses: Defining and non-defining
Defining relative clauses:
Examples:
- Tornadoes are funnel-shaped storms which pass overland below a thunderstorm
- The typhoon damage the water pipes which supply our home
Not using commas before and after a defining clause
Non-defining relative clauses:
Examples:
- It snowed in Lang Son, which is on the Ky Cung River, in the winter of 2002
- Pompeii, which is an ancient city of Italy, was completely destroyed in A.D 79
by an eruption of Mount Vesuvius
Add commas to separate the non-defining relative clause from the rest
of the sentence
That is not used to replace who or which in Non-defining relative clauses
VI Review modal verbs.
- There may be a power cut.
- There must be have heavy rain or strong winds.
I Connectives
- and, but, or: connecting words or phrases that have the same grammatical function in a sentence
- and, but, or, so, because, however, although, therefore,…: connecting two independent clauses
@ Group “and”: As well (as),Furthermore/ moreover, Besides, In addition, Not only … but also
@ Group “but”: However, Yet, Nevertheless, though/ although, on the other hand
must
ought to
should
can
may
might
+ inf.
Trang 3@ Group “so”: therefore, consequently, as a result
@ Group “because”: for, as, since
Structures
I Making suggestions:
S + suggest(s) doing sth
(that) + S + should do sth
-Đề nghị, đề xuất, gợi ý
làm gì -Đề nghị (rằng) ai đó nên
làm gì Examples:
- I suggest giving lessons to poor children
- I suggest (that) you should speak English in class to improve your English
II Phrasal verbs (Verb + preposition)
Some phrasal verbs
bring back
belong to
carry out
consist of
come out
come over
come down
depend on dream about look for look after listen to turn off/ on / up/ down
go on/ keep on
talk to put off: delay put on =/= take off wait for
give up
…
Separable (Verb + O +
preposition) Inseparable (Verb + preposition + O)
- turn on =/= turn off
- put on =/= take off
- put away
- put off
- throw away
- wake up
- pay back
…
- look at
- look for
- look after
- look out
- look up/ down
- go on
- listen to
- wait for
… Examples:
- If we go on wasting water, there will be a shortage of fresh water in a few decades
- Would you mind if I I turned the TV on?
- too + Adj./ Adv + (for sb) + to – inf
- + Adj./ Adv + enough + (for sb) + to –
inf
- So + Adj./ Adv + that + clause (S + V)
- To look forward to + V-ing (form sb)
- Let sb do sth = get/ have/ make sb do sth
- Have sth done (by sb)/ to be made to do
sth
- It + (take) + sb + (how long) to do sth
: quá ntn (đối với ai) không thể làm gì …
: đủ ntn (đối với ai) để làm gì … : quá ntn đến nỗi mà …
: mong đợi (ai) làm gi (một cách hân hoan)
: để ai làm gì / khiến ai làm gì : việc gì/ điều gì được yêu cầu làm : ai đó làm việc gì mất bao lâu
Trang 4- To find sb/ sth + Adj + to do sth = to
have (no) difficulty (in) doing sth
- It’s time (for sb) to do sth
~ + S + V (past form)
: (không) gặp khó khăn khi làm việc gì
: đã đến giờ (ai đó) làm gì
A VOCABULARY
1 Complete the passage, using the words in the box.
which - raw sewerage spills - polluted - waste - marine life - without - –
garbage
Our oceans are becoming extremely (1) _ Most of this pollution comes from the land that means it come from people First, there is (2) _ which is pumped directly into the sea Many countries, both developed and developing, are guilty
of doing this Secondly, ships drop about six million tons of (3) _ into the sea each year Thirdly, there are oil (4) _ from ships A ship has an accident and oil leaks from the vessel This not only pollutes the water, but it also kills (5)
_ Next, there are waste materials from factories, (6) _ proper regulation, factory owners let the (7) _ run directly into the rivers, (8)
_ then leads to the sea And finally, oil is washed from the land This can be the result of carelessness or a deliberate dumping of waste
2 Complete the passage, using the words in the box.
energy - nuclear power - electricity – instead - be - of - panels – pollution
“Are you looking for a cheep, clean, effective source power that doesn’t cause (1)
_ or waste natural resources? Look no further than solar energy from our sun
At present, most of our (2) _ comes from the use of coal and gas, oil or (3) _ This power could be provide by the sun One percent
of the solar (4) _ that reaches the Earth is enough to provide power for the total population
Many countries are already using solar energy Solar (5) _ are placed
on the roof of a house and the Sun’s energy is used to heat water The energy can be stored for a number (6) days, so on cloudy days you can use solar energy too
Sweden has an advanced solar energy program There, all buildings will (7) heated by solar energy and cars will use solar power (8) _ of gas by the year 2015”
3 Complete the passage, using the words in the box.
heavy – earthquake – move – block – doorway – take –from - container
If you live in an earthquake zone, you should (1) ……… some time
to look around your house Place (2) ……… books on the bottom shelf of your bookshelves (3) ……… the rollers on your fridge and washing
machines to prevent them (4) ……… moving Put hanging potted plants in the plastic (5) ……… check the mirrors in your bathroom and bedroom Make sure they can’t (6) ……… Don’t put your bed next to a window
Trang 5Planning where you are going to be during an (7) ……… is very
important
The first thing to remember is to stay inside Then you should sit under a strong table or (8) ……… or stand in the corner of a room
4 Fill in the each blank with the correct form of the word in parentheses:
1 We must learn about keeping environment ……… (polluted)
2 Environment ……… is everybody’s responsibility (protect)
3 Scientists are looking for an ………way to reduce energy consumptions (effect)
4 ……… is now a serious problem in many countries (forest)
5 Can you tell me the reasons for ……… the Mother’s Day?
(celebrate)
6 Passover of the Jewish people is a festival which celebrates ………from
slavery (free)
7 I’m very ……… of my father and love him so much (pride)
8 The earthquake caused terrible ……… (destroy)
9 Thousands of people were ……… killed in that morning (disaster)
10 I’m afraid of the picture which shows a violent ……… (erupt)
5 Fill each gap in the sentences with a suitable word from the box:
1 ……… air can cause illness and even death
2 We have to change the ………, it has gone
3 Do you know next week is ………? It’s on October 31
4 Do you prefer cooking with ………or gas
5 ……… visits children and brings them presents on Christmas’ Eve
6 A tornado looks like a big, dark ……… coming from the bottom of a storm cloud
7 ……… is a song that is sung on New Year’s Eve
8 There is no rain for two months The ……… makes land so dry that farmers cannot grow anything
- to reduce energy consumptions: làm giảm sự tiêu dùng năng lượng
1 II Match the word in column A to its definition or meaning in column B
B
1 plumber a a very strong wind that goes quickly around in a circle
2 energy b a sudden strong shaking of the ground
3 tornado c a person whose job is to fit and repair things like water pipes and
baths
4 typhoon d of or using the sun
5 earthquake e the power from electricity, gas, coal, etc, …that is used to make bulb, Santa Claus, funnel, polluted, electricity,
Halloween, drought, Auld Lang Syne
Trang 6things work.
6 solar f a tropical storm with strong winds
7 environment g the cutting down of trees in a large area, the destruction of
forests by people
8
deforestation
h the air, water and Land in or which people, animals and plants live
B GRAMMAR
1 Correct verb form:
1 They cannot swim in this part of the river because the water ……… highly
(pollute)
2 Yesterday when you ……… I ……….… (work) in my garden
(phone, work)
3 If she came before six, she ……… her friends (meet)
4 You (visit) One – pillar Pagoda when you were in Hanoi?
5 Look! It’s cloudy It (rain)
6 These students (learn) English since they (be) six
7 I suggest (organize) a show to raise money
8 Kangaroo can (see) everywhere in Australia
9 A new textbook (publish) next year
10 If the climate (change), we (meet) with natural disasters
11 Listen! Someone (knock) on the front door
12 My brother (sell) his old motorbike because it (not be) economical
13 I look forward to (hear) from you and (see) good respond from your company
14 Many buildings in our city (heat) by solar energy in 2050
15 I wish I (live) in a big city It’s so boring in the country
2 Complete the sentences below with appropriate adjectives or adverbs Using the
adjectives or adverbs in the box
Careful – fast – hot – badly – late – far – beautifully – sure
1 He behaved surprisingly ……… at the party
2 Oh, he’s running very ……… I can’t catch up with him
3 Is your school ……… from here? – No, it’s just a short distance away
4 You say that Mark is a ……… driver? I can’t agree with you less
5 I was ………that he was having some trouble with his boss
6 The room is ……… decorated for Christmas
7 The weather is getting ………in the summer
8 He got up so ……… that he missed the bus this morning
3 Rewrite the following sentences, using adjective + that clause
1 Everyone enjoyed the picnic We were delighted
2 Ann missed the match Peter was disappointed
3 I go to DALAT I’m excited
4 I’ve not phoned you I’m disappointed
5 George was waiting to meet me I was pleased
4 Make sentences, using the words given Using adj + that clause.
1 Her parents / be worried / she / come home / late / yesterday evening
Trang 72 She / proud / she / win / race.
3 Children / happy / their / parents / buy / them / toys
4 I / sorry / I / break / bike
5 I/ amazed/ she/ win the first prize
5 Choose the suitable connectives to complete sentences:
1 Ba got wet (so / because / but) he forgot his umbrella
2 It’s raining, (so / because / however) I can’t go to the beach
3 Nam is very tired (However / There fore / Although), he has to finish his homework before going to bed
4 Hoa didn’t pass her Math test (However / Therefore / Though) she had to do the test again
5 I’d like to play soccer with you (and / but / or) I have to finish my homework first
6 The Australians enjoy Christmas (and / but / although) Christmas season is in
summer
7 He likes playing chess (or / and / so) watching TV
8 Hurry up (and / but / or) we’ll be late for the bus
6 Choose the suitable relative pronouns:
1 Tet is a festival (who / which / when) occurs in late January or early February
2 Family members (who / whom / which) live apart try to be together at Tet
3 Vietnam, (who / which / that) is in south – East Asia, exports rice
4 Neil Armstrong, (who / whom / that) first walked on the moon, lived in the USA
5 He is a generous man (whom / that / which) is loved a lot
6 The typhoon may damage the water pies (who / that / things) supply our home
7 Have you seen a man and his dog (who / which / that) are sitting over there?
8 Do you know the name of the tourist (whom / which / whose) Mr Lam is talking to?
7 Combine these pairs of sentences, using the words given in parentheses:
1 Hanoi will be partially cloudy It is the capital city of Vietnam (which)
2 I couldn’t understands the dance I saw it at the festival last spring (that)
3 This is the photo of the hero Our teacher talked about him in the lecture (whom)
4 I’ll tell you about my dad He is the best person in the world (who)
5 Next Sunday is my mother’s birthday I don’t know what to give her (but)
6 They were very tired They were sleepy They went to bed early (and, so)
7 I sang several songs I told her many fairy tales My baby sister didn’t fall into sleep She missed my mother (and, but, because)
8 He was thirsty He didn’t want to drink the river water (although)
9 Na is very tired She has to finish her homework before bedtime ( however)
10.Why don’t we use energy – saving bulbs instead of ordinary bulbs? ( suggest + that clause)
11.Students often listen to English programs on radio They want to improve their listening skill ( If)
- Partially (adv): không hoàn chỉnh, từng phần, cục bộ
C REARING COMPREHENSION Read the following passages and do the exercise below them.
I
It is now feared that the number of dead people following yesterday’s earthquake could
be as high as 3000 Many of victims died when their home collapsed The government
Trang 8has sent many rescue workers to search for survivors who many still be trapped under the fallen walls, although there is no hope that anyone is still alive now
- Survivor(s): người sống sót
* True or false statement is Correct the false
1 The earthquake happened three days ago
2 The number of people who died could reach 3000
3 The collapsed houses killed many people
4 The rescue workers are not working now because nobody who may be still alive
II
Environmental pollution is a term that refers to all the ways by which man
pollution his surroundings Man dirties the air with gases and smokes, poisons the water with chemicals and other substances, and damages the soil with too many fertilizers and pesticides Man also pollutes his surroundings in various other ways For example, people ruin natural beauty by scattering junk and litter on the land and in the water They operate machines and motor vehicles that fill the air with disturbing noise
Environmental pollution is one of the most serious problems facing humankind today Air, water, and soil are necessary to the survival of all living things Badly
polluted air can cause illness, and even death Polluted water kills fish and other marine life Pollution of soil reduces the amount of land growing food Environmental pollution also brings ugliness to man’s naturally beautiful world
* Complete the sentences below.
1 The air is polluted with ………
2 ……… make the water polluted
4 The survival of all living things needs………
5 Environmental pollution can cause ………
III
Electricity is the most common form of energy today In the modern world,
electricity is very available at the touch of a switch
Electricity has many uses The most common use of electricity is providing artificial lighting In factories, electricity is used to light up the work place It is also used to operate air conditioners, computers and many other machines Electricity is also used to power the many appliances that we have in our homes such as appliances include
television sets, computers, electric fans, irons and many others The list is simply
endless Modern man will most probably be lost without electricity
* Answer the questions:
1 What is the most common form of energy today?
………
………
2 What is the most common use of electricity?
………
………
3 What do people use electricity for at home?
………
………
Trang 94 How would our life be if there was no electricity?
………
………
IV
Viet Nam has many traditional religious holidays but none can be compared to New Festival, Tet Nguyen Dan, or in short, Tet, which may fall in late January or early February Tet is the greatest festival in Viet Nam It is said that it has been celebrated since at least 500 B.C The exact origin is unknown
The Vietnamese believe the first day and the first week of the New Year will
determine the fortunes and misfortunes for the rest of the year During the Tet festival, all stores are closed and businesses are interrupted for at least three days
The first sign of the holiday shows up a month before Tet Many stores are built to sell holiday items such as New Year’s greeting cards, candied fruits and decoration Prices for everything begin to rise Houses and buildings get a coat of new paint People buy new clothes, exchange greeting cards, wish Happy New Year to each other They also buy flowers and ornamental trees to display on New Year days
* True or false statement is Correct the false.
1 Tet is only one of the greatest festivals in Viet Nam
2 Maybe people celebrated Tet over 2500 years ago
3 People don’t sell anything at least three days during the Tet festival
4 People can see the sign of Tet a few months before
5 They buy flowers and ornamental trees on New Year days
* Answer the questions:
1 When does Tet Nguyen Dan occur?
………
………
2 Which time is considered as the fortunes or misfortunes for the rest of the year?
………
………
3 When do the Vietnamese start preparing for Tet?
………
………
D WRITING
I Use the suggested words to write a complaint letter.
1 I / write / this letter / complaint / noise from Apartment 3C
2 I / move into / Apartment 2C / November 1st
3 Since I / move in, / my upstairs neighbors / play / stereo / loudly / night
4 I / ask / them / turn it down / several times already
5 However, they / not stop / the noise yet
6 I / be / a student / and / study / every night
7 I / fail / final examination / next month / unless this noise stop
8 Please talk / my neighbors / and ask / turn down their stereo / 9:00
9 I / look forward / hear / you / and / see / how you / solve / problem
10 Sincere / Lan
Dear Mr Jones,
Trang 10
II Write a speech about saving energy and protecting environment by using the cues.
- I / want / tell / it be / necessary / save / energy / protect / environment
- You / reduce / by
- Reduce garbage/ reuse paper / save water
- If / follow / simple rules / not only / energy / but also / environment
- Good morning ladies and gentlemen,
III Use suggested words to write a short story.
- Last night / when/ we / came down / hill / into/ town /, / see / strange / object / sky
- It / suddenly / appear / front / us
- We / stop / car / and / get out
- As / we/ watch / it /, /it/ suddenly/ fly away / disappear
IV Use suggested words to write a passage to support the idea of celebrating
Mother s day or Father s Day’ ’
- It / important / have days / celebrate / our parents
- Main reason / children / have / special day / express/ feelings / memories / love /
parents
- These days / children / should / given / parents / flowers / cards / gifts or a special cake
- In addition / children / party/ or / meal / with food / parents / best
- I / believe / my idea / support / because / every body / love / parents / wants / make / them / happy
In my opinion
E MULTIPLE CHOICE Choose the best answer.
1 Solar energy is clean because it doesn’t cause (pollution/ necessity/ population / garbage)
2 Nam forgot turning off the faucet (and/ but/ because / so) his bath is over flowing
3 I’m (surprise/ surprising /surprised / to surprise) that you can come back so soon
4 (However/ Therefore/ As/ But) plastic bags are very hard to dissolve, we should use tree leaves to wrap food
5 Man is (slow/ slowly / carefully / happily) destroying the Earth
6 If we go (up / on/ to/ for) throwing trash onto the water, there will be a shortage of fresh water in a few years
7 She was very (interesting/ interested/ interestingly/ interest) in protecting the
environment
8 He was tired, (and/ but/ if/ so) he sat down and drank some water before continuing the work
9 What will you do if you (pass/ passed/ passes/ will pass) the exam?
10.She was very (interesting/ interested/ interestingly/ interest) in protecting the
environment
11.What (will happen/ happen/ is happening/ does happen) if people go on destroying the environment?
12.I suggest (take/ should take/ taking/ took) a shower instead of a bath to save energy 13.It’s too cold Don’t turn (on/ off/ up/ down) the fan, please