Encyclopedia of Global Resources part 151 pptx

Note: Glorioso Islands and Tromelin Island have guano, phosphates, and coconuts Gabon Petroleum, natural gas, diamond, niobium, manganese, uranium, gold, timber, iron ore, hydropower Gam

Country Natural Resources

Falkland Islands (Islas

Malvinas) Fish, squid, wildlife, calcified seaweed, sphagnum moss

Faroe Islands Fish, whales, hydropower, possible oil and gas

Fiji Timber, fish, gold, copper, offshore oil potential, hydropower

Finland Timber, iron ore, copper, lead, zinc, chromite, nickel, gold, silver,

limestone France Coal, iron ore, bauxite, zinc, uranium, antimony, arsenic, potash,

feldspar, fluorspar, gypsum, timber, fish French Guiana Gold deposits, petroleum, kaolin, niobium, tantalum, clay

French Polynesia Timber, fish, cobalt, hydropower

French Southern and Antarctic

Lands

Fish, crayfish Note: Glorioso Islands and Tromelin Island have guano,

phosphates, and coconuts Gabon Petroleum, natural gas, diamond, niobium, manganese, uranium,

gold, timber, iron ore, hydropower Gambia Fish, titanium (rutile and ilmenite), tin, zircon, silica sand, clay,

petroleum

Georgia Forests, hydropower, manganese deposits, iron ore, copper, minor

coal and oil deposits; coastal climate and soils allow for important tea and citrus growth

Germany Coal, lignite, natural gas, iron ore, copper, nickel, uranium, potash,

salt, construction materials, timber, arable land Ghana Gold, timber, industrial diamonds, bauxite, manganese, fish, rubber,

hydropower, petroleum, silver, salt, limestone

Greece Lignite, petroleum, iron ore, bauxite, lead, zinc, nickel, magnesite,

marble, salt, hydropower potential Greenland Coal, iron ore, lead, zinc, molybdenum, diamonds, gold, platinum,

niobium, tantalite, uranium, fish, seals, whales, hydropower, possible oil and gas

Grenada Timber, tropical fruit, deepwater harbors

Guam Aquatic wildlife (supporting tourism), fishing (largely undeveloped) Guatemala Petroleum, nickel, rare woods, fish, chicle, hydropower

Country Natural Resources

Guinea Bauxite, iron ore, diamonds, gold, uranium, hydropower, fish, salt Guinea-Bissau Fish, timber, phosphates, bauxite, clay, granite, limestone,

unexploited deposits of petroleum Guyana Bauxite, gold, diamonds, hardwood timber, shrimp, fish

Haiti Bauxite, copper, calcium carbonate, gold, marble, hydropower

Heard Island and McDonald

Holy See (Vatican City) None

Honduras Timber, gold, silver, copper, lead, zinc, iron ore, antimony, coal, fish,

hydropower Hong Kong Outstanding deepwater harbor, feldspar

Hungary Bauxite, coal, natural gas, fertile soils, arable land

Iceland Fish, hydropower, geothermal power, diatomite

India Coal (fourth-largest reserves in the world), iron ore, manganese,

mica, bauxite, titanium ore, chromite, natural gas, diamonds, petroleum, limestone, arable land

Indian Ocean Oil and gas fields, fish, shrimp, sand and gravel aggregates, placer

deposits, polymetallic nodules Indonesia Petroleum, tin, natural gas, nickel, timber, bauxite, copper, fertile

soils, coal, gold, silver Iran Petroleum, natural gas, coal, chromium, copper, iron ore, lead,

manganese, zinc, sulfur

Ireland Natural gas, peat, copper, lead, zinc, silver, barite, gypsum, limestone,

dolomite

Israel Timber, potash, copper ore, natural gas, phosphate rock, magnesium

bromide, clays, sand Italy Coal, mercury, zinc, potash, marble, barite, asbestos, pumice,

fluorspar, feldspar, pyrite (sulfur), natural gas and crude oil reserves, fish, arable land

Country Natural Resources

Japan Negligible mineral resources, fish Note: With virtually no energy

natural resources, Japan is the world’s largest importer of coal and liquefied natural gas as well as the second largest importer of oil

Kazakhstan Major deposits of petroleum, natural gas, coal, iron ore, manganese,

chrome ore, nickel, cobalt, copper, molybdenum, lead, zinc, bauxite, gold, uranium

Kenya Limestone, soda ash, salt, gemstones, fluorspar, zinc, diatomite,

gypsum, wildlife, hydropower Kiribati Phosphate (production discontinued in 1979)

Korea, North Coal, lead, tungsten, zinc, graphite, magnesite, iron ore, copper, gold,

pyrites, salt, fluorspar, hydropower Korea, South Coal, tungsten, graphite, molybdenum, lead, hydropower potential Kosovo Nickel, lead, zinc, magnesium, lignite, kaolin, chrome, bauxite

Kyrgyzstan Abundant hydropower; significant deposits of gold and rare earth

metals; locally exploitable coal, oil, and natural gas; deposits of nepheline, mercury, bismuth, lead, and zinc

Latvia Peat, limestone, dolomite, amber, hydropower, wood, arable land

Lebanon Limestone, iron ore, salt, water-surplus state in a water-deficit region,

arable land Lesotho Water, agricultural and grazing land, diamonds, sand, clay, building

stone Liberia Iron ore, timber, diamonds, gold, hydropower

Liechtenstein Hydroelectric potential, arable land

Luxembourg Iron ore (no longer exploited), arable land

Country Natural Resources

Macedonia Low-grade iron ore, copper, lead, zinc, chromite, manganese, nickel,

tungsten, gold, silver, asbestos, gypsum, timber, arable land Madagascar Graphite, chromite, coal, bauxite, salt, quartz, tar sands, semiprecious

stones, mica, fish, hydropower Malawi Limestone, arable land, hydropower, unexploited deposits of

uranium, coal, and bauxite Malaysia Tin, petroleum, timber, copper, iron ore, natural gas, bauxite

Mali Gold, phosphates, kaolin, salt, limestone, uranium, gypsum, granite,

hydropower Note: Bauxite, iron ore, manganese, tin, and copper

deposits are known but not exploited

Marshall Islands Coconut products, marine products, deep seabed minerals

Mauritania Iron ore, gypsum, copper, phosphate, diamonds, gold, oil, fish

Mexico Petroleum, silver, copper, gold, lead, zinc, natural gas, timber

Micronesia, Federated States of Forests, marine products, deep-seabed minerals, phosphate

Moldova Lignite, phosphorites, gypsum, arable land, limestone

Mongolia Oil, coal, copper, molybdenum, tungsten, phosphates, tin, nickel,

zinc, fluorspar, gold, silver, iron

Morocco Phosphates, iron ore, manganese, lead, zinc, fish, salt

Mozambique Coal, titanium, natural gas, hydropower, tantalum, graphite

Namibia Diamonds, copper, uranium, gold, silver, lead, tin, lithium, cadmium,

tungsten, zinc, salt, hydropower, fish Note: suspected deposits of oil,

coal, and iron ore

Country Natural Resources

Nepal Quartz, water, timber, hydropower, scenic beauty, small deposits of

lignite, copper, cobalt, iron ore Netherlands, The Natural gas, petroleum, peat, limestone, salt, sand and gravel, arable

land Netherlands Antilles Phosphates (Curaçao only), salt (Bonaire only)

New Caledonia Nickel, chrome, iron, cobalt, manganese, silver, gold, lead, copper New Zealand Natural gas, iron ore, sand, coal, timber, hydropower, gold, limestone Nicaragua Gold, silver, copper, tungsten, lead, zinc, timber, fish

Niger Uranium, coal, iron ore, tin, phosphates, gold, molybdenum, gypsum,

salt, petroleum Nigeria Natural gas, petroleum, tin, iron ore, coal, limestone, niobium, lead,

zinc, arable land

Northern Mariana Islands Arable land, fish

Norway Petroleum, natural gas, iron ore, copper, lead, zinc, titanium, pyrites,

nickel, fish, timber, hydropower Oman Petroleum, copper, asbestos, some marble, limestone, chromium,

gypsum, natural gas Pacific Ocean Oil and gas fields, polymetallic nodules, sand and gravel aggregates,

placer deposits, fish Pakistan Land, extensive natural gas reserves, limited petroleum, poor-quality

coal, iron ore, copper, salt, limestone Palau Forests, minerals (especially gold), marine products, deep-seabed

minerals

Papua New Guinea Gold, copper, silver, natural gas, timber, oil, fisheries

Paraguay Hydropower, timber, iron ore, manganese, limestone

Peru Copper, silver, gold, petroleum, timber, fish, iron ore, coal,

phosphate, potash, hydropower, natural gas

Country Natural Resources

Philippines Timber, petroleum, nickel, cobalt, silver, gold, salt, copper

Pitcairn Islands Miro trees (used for handicrafts), fish Note: Manganese, iron, copper,

gold, silver, and zinc have been discovered offshore Poland Coal, sulfur, copper, natural gas, silver, lead, salt, amber, arable land Portugal Fish, forests (cork), iron ore, copper, zinc, tin, tungsten, silver, gold,

uranium, marble, clay, gypsum, salt, arable land, hydropower Puerto Rico Some copper and nickel; potential for onshore and offshore oil

Romania Petroleum (reserves declining), timber, natural gas, coal, iron ore,

salt, arable land, hydropower Russia Wide natural resource base including major deposits of oil, natural

gas, coal, and many strategic minerals, timber Note: Formidable

obstacles of climate, terrain, and distance hinder exploitation of natural resources

Rwanda Gold, cassiterite (tin ore), wolframite (tungsten ore), methane,

hydropower, arable land Saint-Barthélemy Few natural resources; its beaches are the most important

Saint Kitts -Nevis Arable land

Saint Lucia Forests, sandy beaches, minerals (pumice), mineral springs,

geothermal potential

Saint-Pierre and Miquelon Fish, deepwater ports

Saint Vincent and the

São Tomé and Principe Fish, hydropower

Saudi Arabia Petroleum, natural gas, iron ore, gold, copper

Country Natural Resources

Serbia Oil, gas, coal, iron ore, copper, zinc, antimony, chromite, gold, silver,

magnesium, pyrite, limestone, marble, salt, arable land

Sierra Leone Diamonds, titanium ore, bauxite, iron ore, gold, chromite

Slovakia Brown coal and lignite; small amounts of iron ore, copper and

manganese ore; salt; arable land Slovenia Lignite coal, lead, zinc, building stone, hydropower, forests

Solomon Islands Fish, forests, gold, bauxite, phosphates, lead, zinc, nickel

Somalia Uranium and largely unexploited reserves of iron ore, tin, gypsum,

bauxite, copper, salt, natural gas, likely oil reserves South Africa Gold, chromium, antimony, coal, iron ore, manganese, nickel,

phosphates, tin, uranium, gem diamonds, platinum, copper, vanadium, salt, natural gas

South Georgia and South

Southern Ocean Probable large and possible giant oil and gas fields on the continental

margin; manganese nodules, possible placer deposits, sand and gravel, fresh water as icebergs; squid, whales, and seals—none exploited; krill, fish

Spain Coal, lignite, iron ore, copper, lead, zinc, uranium, tungsten, mercury,

pyrites, magnesite, fluorspar, gypsum, sepiolite, kaolin, potash, hydropower, arable land

Spratly Islands Fish, guano, undetermined oil and natural gas potential

Sri Lanka Limestone, graphite, mineral sands, gems, phosphates, clay,

hydropower Sudan Petroleum; small reserves of iron ore, copper, chromium ore, zinc,

tungsten, mica, silver, gold, hydropower Suriname Timber, hydropower, fish, kaolin, shrimp, bauxite, gold, and small

amounts of nickel, copper, platinum, iron ore Svalbard Coal, iron ore, copper, zinc, phosphate, wildlife, fish

Swaziland Asbestos, coal, clay, cassiterite, hydropower, forests, small gold and

diamond deposits, quarry stone, and talc

Country Natural Resources

Sweden Iron ore, copper, lead, zinc, gold, silver, tungsten, uranium, arsenic,

feldspar, timber, hydropower Switzerland Hydropower potential, timber, salt

Syria Petroleum, phosphates, chrome and manganese ores, asphalt, iron

ore, rock salt, marble, gypsum, hydropower Taiwan Small deposits of coal, natural gas, limestone, marble, and asbestos Tajikistan Hydropower, some petroleum, uranium, mercury, brown coal, lead,

zinc, antimony, tungsten, silver, gold Tanzania Hydropower, tin, phosphates, iron ore, coal, diamonds, gemstones,

gold, natural gas, nickel Thailand Tin, rubber, natural gas, tungsten, tantalum, timber, lead, fish,

gypsum, lignite, fluorite, arable land Timor-Leste (East Timor) Gold, petroleum, natural gas, manganese, marble

Trinidad and Tobago Petroleum, natural gas, asphalt

Tunisia Petroleum, phosphates, iron ore, lead, zinc, salt

Turkey Coal, iron ore, copper, chromium, antimony, mercury, gold, barite,

borate, celestite (strontium), emery, feldspar, limestone, magnesite, marble, perlite, pumice, pyrites (sulfur), clay, arable land, hydropower Turkmenistan Petroleum, natural gas, sulfur, salt

Turks and Caicos Islands Spiny lobster, conch

Uganda Copper, cobalt, hydropower, limestone, salt, arable land

Ukraine Iron ore, coal, manganese, natural gas, oil, salt, sulfur, graphite,

titanium, magnesium, kaolin, nickel, mercury, timber, arable land United Arab Emirates Petroleum, natural gas

United Kingdom Coal, petroleum, natural gas, iron ore, lead, zinc, gold, tin, limestone,

salt, clay, chalk, gypsum, potash, silica sand, slate, arable land

Country Natural Resources

United States Coal, copper, lead, molybdenum, phosphates, uranium, bauxite, gold,

iron, mercury, nickel, potash, silver, tungsten, zinc, petroleum, natural

gas, timber Note: The United States has the world’s largest coal

reserves, with 445 billion metric tons, accounting for 27% of the world’s total

United States Pacific Island

Wildlife Refuges Terrestrial and aquatic wildlife

Uruguay Arable land, hydropower, minor minerals, fisheries

Uzbekistan Natural gas, petroleum, coal, gold, uranium, silver, copper, lead and

zinc, tungsten, molybdenum

Venezuela Petroleum, natural gas, iron ore, gold, bauxite, other minerals,

hydropower, diamonds Vietnam Phosphates, coal, manganese, bauxite, chromate, offshore oil and gas

deposits, forests, hydropower Virgin Islands Sun, sand, sea, surf

Wallis and Futuna Island Negligible

Western Sahara Phosphates, iron ore

Yemen Petroleum, fish, rock salt, marble; small deposits of coal, gold, lead,

nickel, and copper; fertile soil in west Zambia Copper, cobalt, zinc, lead, coal, emeralds, gold, silver, uranium,

hydropower Zimbabwe Coal, chromium ore, asbestos, gold, nickel, copper, iron ore,

vanadium, lithium, tin, platinum group metals, diamonds

10,000+ Copper and gold are the first metals discovered by humans.

10,000 The first pottery is made from baked clay

10,000 Flint spear points are manufactured

6800 Permanent cities are constructed using clay bricks and rock

6000 Cave paintings are created in North Africa and southeastern Spain

4400 The first use of copper as beads and tools occurs in the Fertile Crescent of the Middle East

4000 The first silver artifacts are made

4000 The first iron ornaments appear, probably made from meteoritic iron

3500 Gold artifacts are in use at Varna, Bulgaria

3500-3000 Advances in pottery manufacture are made in Egypt

3300-3100 Copper minerals (malachite) are used for painting

3200 The Bronze Age begins in the Middle East

3000 The first artificial glass is made

3000 Sails are mounted on boats in Egypt

2600 The Great Pyramid of Giza, a milestone in stonework, is constructed in Egypt

2575 Egyptian ruler Khufu sends expeditions into the Sinai for copper

2500 Glass vessels are made in Egypt

2000 Wessex peoples of Britain construct the Stonehenge ring of massive stones

1339 The gold death mask of Tutankhamen is made in Egypt

1308 Seti I builds a water supply for gold mines in Egypt

1300 The first working of terrestrial iron occurs in the Middle East

1250 The legend of Jason and the golden fleece derives from a Mycenaean sea venture near the

Black Sea

1000 Amalgamation technique of using mercury to extract gold is discovered

960 Solomon’s temple is built of ashlar (hewn) stone, with liberal use of gold

620 The first use of stamped metal coinage occurs in cities of Asia Minor

610 Egyptian ruler Necho II tries to build a canal from the Nile to the Red Sea

515 Persian king Darius I completes the Nile-to-Red Sea canal

500 The alloying of gold and silver is discovered

483 Silver mines at Laurium in Greece begin to create wealth for Athens—and to spread lead

pollution over wide areas