Sử dụng photoshop cs5 part 21 pdf

Creating layers When creating a new document, if you choose Background Contents: White or Back ground Color in the File > New dialog, the bottommost tier of the image will be a Back grou

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of a document to different layers is

that they can be edited individually —

maybe some text on one layer, a silhouetted shape on

another layer, and a full image in the background An

image can contain only one Background (written with

an initial cap “B”), but you can add multiple layers

above it Unlike the Background, which always remains

fully opaque, a layer can contain partially or fully

transparent areas Onscreen, transparent areas of a

layer are represented by a checkerboard pattern.A

You’ll probably use the Layers panel more than

any other panel in Photoshop It is so indispensable

for image editing, it’s either the star player or plays an

important supporting role in many other chapters In

this chapter you’ll learn basic techniques, such as how

to create, duplicate, select, restack, group, delete, hide,

show, move, merge, and flatten image layers (Related

topics, such as using layer masks, choosing layer

blend-ing options, and creatblend-ing adjustment, editable type,

and Smart Object layers, are covered in later chapters.)

Creating layers

When creating a new document, if you choose

Background Contents: White or Back ground Color

in the File > New dialog, the bottommost tier of the

image will be a Back ground; if you choose Background

Contents: Transparent, the first tier will be a layer, and

the document won’t contain a Background

GET A SNEAK PREVIEW

To view a fi le that contains layers, open image No 11 of the download-able images On the Layers panel, click any layer name, then click its visibility icon on and off

IN THIS CHAPTER

Creating layers 133

Duplicating layers 135

Converting the Background 136

Selecting layers 137

Restacking layers 138

Working with layer groups 138

Deleting individual layers 140

Hiding and showing layers 140

Moving layer content 141

Choosing Layers panel options 142

Merging layers 144

Flattening layers 146

A This document contains a type layer and two image layers, which are listed above the Background The Back ground, when present in a docu-ment, is always listed at the bottom

Continued on the following page

A new layer is created automatically when you

per-form some kinds of edits, such as when you paste

a selection or create type with the Horizontal or

Vertical Type tool In these instructions, you will

learn how to create new, blank image layers To those

layers, you can apply brush strokes, clone imagery,

etc You may add as many layers to a file as you like,

depending on your computer’s available memory and

its storage capability

To create a layer:

1 Show the Layers panel.

2 Click a layer or the Background The new layer is

going to appear above the one you have clicked.A

3 Click the New Layer button at the bottom of

the panel The new layer will have Opacity and

Fill percentages of 100% and a blending mode of

Normal.B

4 Optional: To rename the layer, double-click the

existing name, type the desired one, then press

Enter/Return

➤ To choose options for a layer as you create it,

Alt-click/Option-click the New Layer button

on the Layers panel or press

Ctrl-Shift-N/Cmd-Shift-N In the New Layer dialog, you can change

the layer Name or choose a nonprinting Color for

the area on the Layers panel behind the

visibil-ity icon (see “To color-code a layer” on page

143) To learn about the layer blending mode and

opacity controls, see page 142

A Click the layer above which you want the new one to appear.

B The New Layer button is clicked, and

a new layer appears on the panel.

FLATTENING AND PRESERVING LAYERS

➤ Layers increase the fi le size considerably, so when

you’re completely done editing your document,

con-sider using a merge or fl atten command to shrink it

back down (see pages 144–146)

➤ If you need to preserve layers, when saving your

fi le via the File > Save As dialog, check Layers, and

as the fi le Format, choose Photoshop, Photoshop PDF,

Large Document Format (see the sidebar on page 22),

or TIFF The formats that don’t preserve layers fl atten

them automatically and convert any transparency in

the bottommost layer to opaque white

➤ When switching document color modes (e.g., from

RGB to CMYK), if you want to preserve layers, click

Don’t Flatten or Don’t Merge in the alert dialog

After adding layers to your file, from the Status bar menu, choose Document Sizes The value on the left is the file size without layers; the value on the right is its approximate file size with layers This document contains three image lay-ers in addition to the Background, which explains why the second value is more than three times greater than the first.

A An area of the Background is selected

on the right side of this document.

B Via the Layer via Copy command, a copy

of the selection was placed onto a new layer.

Another method for creating a layer is to copy or cut

imagery from an existing layer or the Background

and put it on its own layer This can be done easily

with a simple command

To turn selected pixels into a layer:

1 On the Layers panel, click an image layer or

the Background, then create a selection in the

document.A

2 To create a new layer containing the selected

pixels, do either of the following:

To place a copy of the selected pixels on a new

layer and leave the original layer intact,

right-click in the document and choose Layer via Copy

or press Ctrl-J/Cmd-J.B

To place the selected pixels on a new layer and

remove them from the original layer, right-click

in the document and choose Layer via Cut or

press Ctrl-Shift-J/Cmd-Shift-J If you cut pixels

from a layer, the exposed area on the original

layer will be filled with transparency; if you cut

pixels from the Background, the exposed area will

be filled with the current Background color (see

pages 185 and 233)

Duplicating layers

Follow these instructions to duplicate a layer or layer group, or to turn a copy of the Background into a layer

(To learn about layer groups, see pages 138–140.)

To duplicate a layer or layer group:

Do one of the following:

Click a layer, then press Ctrl-J/Cmd-J

Drag a layer, layer group, or the Background over

the New Layer button at the bottom of the Layers panel The duplicate will appear above the one you dragged

To name the layer as you create it, right-click a layer, layer group, or the Background and choose

Duplicate Layer or Duplicate Group In the

dialog, change the name in the “As” field (ignore the Destination fields), then click OK

➤ To control whether the word “copy” is added to a duplicate layer name automatically, choose Panel Options from the Layers panel menu, then check

or uncheck the Add “Copy” to Copied Layers and Groups command.★

➤ When you duplicate a layer, any layer mask and/or effects on that layer are also duplicated

Similarly, when you duplicate a Smart Object layer, any Smart Filters contained on that layer are also duplicated (see pages 320–322)

Converting the Background

There are many things you can do to a layer that you

can’t do to the Background For example, you can’t

move the Background upward in the layer stack;

change its blending mode, Opacity percentage, or

Fill percentage; attach a mask to it; or embellish it

with layer effects You can, however, convert the

Background into a layer, at which time it will adopt

all the functions of a normal layer

To convert the Background into a layer:

Do either of the following:

Alt-double-click/Option-double-click the

Background on the Layers panel to turn it into

a layer without choosing options

Double-click the Background on the Layers panel

A to open the New Layer dialog.BType a new

Name If desired,choose a Color for the area

behind the visibility icon on the panel,

a Mode, and an Opacity percentage Click OK.C

If you need to create a Background for a file that

doesn’t have one, you can convert any existing layer

into the Background — the reverse of the preceding

instructions

To convert a layer into the Background:

1 Click a layer.

2 Choose Layer > New > Background from Layer

The new Background will appear at the bottom of

the stack on the Layers panel (its usual position)

A Double-click the Background.

B Enter a Name and choose options for the layer-to-be.

C The former Background is now a normal, full-fledged layer.

Selecting layers

Always remember to select the layer or layers you

want to work on before editing your document! This

signals to Photoshop which part of your document

you want to change When a layer or layer group is

selected, it becomes highlighted Aand the layer or

group name is listed in the title bar of the document

window (To learn about layer groups, see pages

138–140.)

To select layers via the Layers panel:

Do one of the following:

To select a layer or layer group, click either the

layer thumbnail or the area to the right of the

layer or group name

To select multiple layers, click a layer, then

Shift-click the last in a series of consecutively

listed layers, or Ctrl-click/Cmd-click individual

layers (not the layer thumbnails) If you need to

deselect individual layers, Ctrl-click/Cmd-click

them

To select all the layers in your document (but not

the Background), choose Select > All Layers or

press Ctrl-Alt-A/Cmd-Option-A

To select all layers of a similar kind, such as all

image layers, shape layers, or adjustment layers,

right-click one of those layers and choose Select

Similar Layers from the context menu

To select a layer or layer group by clicking in

the document:

1 Choose the Move tool (V)

2. Do either of the following:

To select the first layer that contains

nontrans-parent pixels below the pointer, right-click in the

document window and choose a layer or layer

group name from the context menu.B(Or

Ctrl-right-click/Cmd-Control-click with any other tool

selected.)

Check Auto-Select on the Options bar, choose

Group or Layer, then click a visible pixel area in

the document The Background can’t be selected

with this method

➤ If the Move tool is selected and Show Transform

Controls is checked on the Options bar, the

bounding box for the currently selected layer

displays onscreen Uncheck this option if you find

the box to be distracting To transform a layer via

its bounding box, see pages 312–313

A Simply click a layer to select it.

B On the context menu, choose the name of the layer you want to select.

Restacking layers

When you restack a layer upward or downward, the

content of that layer shifts forward or backward in

the document

To restack layers:

Drag a layer or group name upward or

down-ward on the panel, and release the mouse when

a double horizontal line appears in the desired

location.A–B

➤ To move the Background upward on the list, you

must convert it to a layer first (see page 136)

Layers can’t be stacked below the Background

➤ You can also restack a selected layer via the

commands (or via the shortcuts listed) on the

Layer > Arrange submenu

Working with layer groups

The layers in a document can be gathered into

groups and labeled by kind.In addition to helping

to organize and streamline your Layers panel (so

you won’t need to scroll up and down as much), by

putting layers into groups, you will be able to move,

rotate, scale, duplicate, restack, lock, unlock, change

the blending mode or opacity for, or hide or show

multiple layers simultaneously When you add a layer

mask to a layer group, the mask applies to all the

layers in the group (see page 168) Groups can be

nested inside other groups.*

To create a layer group:

Method 1 (from existing layers)

1 Click a layer, then Shift-click or Ctrl-click/

Cmd-click one or more other layers (they can be

nonconsecutive)

2. Do either of the following:

Press Ctrl-G/Cmd-G.C

From the Layers panel menu, choose New Group

from Layers In the dialog, change the Name, if

desired, then click OK

3 Optional: To add more layers to the group, drag

them over the group listing, and release the

mouse when the dark drop zone border appears

Or click the arrowhead to expand the group list,

then drag layers into the group, releasing where

you want them to be stacked

➤ The default blending mode for a group is Pass

Through, and we suggest you don’t change it

B Now the “left side” layer is in front

of the “cheese” layer.

A The “left side”

layer is moved upward in the stack.

*In Photoshop CS5, unlike in older versions of the program, you can nest layer groups more than five levels deep.★

C The “left side”

and “right side”

layers are now members of a group.

MOVING LAYERS OUT OF A GROUP

➤ To move a layer out of a group, drag the layer outside the group stack

➤ To move a layer from one group to another, drag it over the group name or icon, or over an existing layer in the group

Method 2 (create a group, then add layers)

1 Do either of the following:

To create a group without choosing settings for it,

click the layer above which you want the group to

appear, then click the New Group button at the

bottom of the panel

To choose settings for a group as you create it,

Alt-click/Option-click the New Group button or

choose New Group from the panel menu In the

dialog, change the Name, Color, or Opacity setting

for the group, if desired, then click OK

2. Do either of the following:

Drag layers into the new group listing, releasing

the mouse when the dark drop zone border appears

around it

Click the arrowhead to expand the group list, then

drag layers into the group, releasing the mouse

where you want them to be stacked.A

➤ To expand or collapse a group and all the groups

within it, Alt-click/Option-click the arrowhead

➤ To rename a layer or layer group, double-click a

layer or layer group name on the Layers panel

Type a new name, then press Enter/Return or click

outside the name field

USING CONTEXT MENUS WITH THE LAYERS PANEL

Options on the context menu change depend-ing on where you right-click on the panel.

A A layer is moved into

a group.