Sử dụng photoshop cs5 part 10 pdf

These are some of the advantages to using the Camera Raw plug-in: ➤ Camera Raw processes raw photos from most digital camera models, as well as digital TIFF and JPEG photos.. 50% light v

IN THIS CHAPTER

Why use Camera Raw? 59

Choosing preferences for opening photos 62

Opening photos into Camera Raw 63

The Camera Raw tools 64

Cropping and straightening photos 65

Choosing default workfl ow settings 66

Using the Camera Raw tabs 67

Using the Basic tab 68

Using the Tone Curve tab 72

Using the HSL/Grayscale tab 74

Using the Detail tab 76

Adding a grain texture 78

Using the Adjustment Brush 79

Retouching a photo 82

Saving and applying Camera Raw settings 83

Synchronizing Camera Raw settings 84

Converting, opening, and saving Camera Raw fi les 85

Opening and placing photos into Photoshop as Smart Objects 86

4

Adobe Camera Raw plug-in, * you

can apply corrections to your photos

before opening them into Photoshop

In this chapter, you’ll learn how to open digital photos

into the Camera Raw dialog (called “Camera Raw,” for

short), and then use the many tabs in Camera Raw to

correct your photos for under- or overexposure,

blurri-ness, color casts, poor contrast, and other defects

Why use Camera Raw?

Whereas amateur-level digital cameras store images

in the JPEG or TIFF format, advanced amateur and

pro models offer the option to save images as raw data

files, which has substantial advantages The camera

applies internal processing to photos captured as JPEG

or TIFF, such as sharpening, setting the white balance,

and making color adjustments With raw files, you get

only the original raw information that the lens

cap-tured onto its digital sensor, leaving you with full

con-trol over subsequent image processing and correction

Each camera manufacturer creates its own variation of

a raw file (For a further discussion of raw files versus

JPEG and TIFF files, see page 61.)

These are some of the advantages to using the

Camera Raw plug-in:

➤ Camera Raw processes raw photos from most

digital camera models, as well as digital TIFF and

JPEG photos

➤ Camera Raw offers powerful controls for

adjust-ing the exposure, color, tonal range, noise, and

other characteristics of your photos, and you can

monitor the corrections in a large preview

➤ For raw files, Camera Raw edits (stored as

instruc-tions) are saved in either a separate “sidecar” file or

in the Camera Raw database For TIFF and JPEG

files, the instructions are saved in the photo file

When you open a file from Camera Raw into

Photoshop, regardless of the format, the

instruc-tions are applied to a copy of the file, and the

origi-nal digital file is preserved

➤ You can convert your photos to some standard

formats (e.g., PSD, JPEG) through Camera Raw,

or you can change their format in Photoshop

Note: Don’t confuse the raw files that a camera

produces with Photoshop Raw, which is one of the

choices on the Format menu in the File > Save and

Save As dialogs in Photoshop

*The Camera Raw plug-in is included with Photoshop.

CAPTURING TONAL VALUES: A CAMERA VERSUS THE HUMAN EYE

in a linear fashion, from light to dark, without altering

the incoming data Note that a light value of 50% is at

the midpoint of the tonal range.

50% light value

redistribut-ing some tonal values to the shadows and midtones

Note that the 50% light value has been shifted past the midpoint Now the lower tonal values, in the ranges the human eye is more sensitive to, contain more data.

50% light value

More reasons to use Camera Raw

In case you’re not fully convinced, we’ll outline

some compelling reasons for using the Camera

Raw plug-in instead of opening your digital photos

directly into Photoshop It offers powerful and

unique controls that you won’t find in Photoshop

Raw preview: The only way to preview a raw photo

is through a raw converter, such as Camera Raw

(The image you see on your digital camera’s LCD

screen is based not on the raw capture, but on the

JPEG preview that accompanies the raw capture.)

Less destructive: Exposure, white balance, color,

and other corrections made in Camera Raw cause

less destruction to a photo than adjustment

com-mands in Photoshop The goal, when applying

cor-rections, is to cause as little destruction as possible

while preserving as much original data as possible

16 bits per channel: To preserve the full tonal

range of a raw photo, you can use Camera Raw

to convert it to a 16-bits-per-channel file Having

more original data at the outset helps offset the

data loss from image edits made in Photoshop

The end result is a better-quality photo

Tonal redistribution: A bonus feature of Camera

Raw is that it fixes a problem inherent in all digital

photos: the fact that the digital sensor in a camera

records data in a linear fashion.The sensor

cap-tures the existing range of tonal values in a scene

as is, without skewing the data More data is used

to capture light values than dark values.A The

human eye, however, is more sensitive to lower light levels than to higher light levels That is, we’re more likely to notice when shadows lack detail and less likely to notice extra details in the highlights

By shifting data into the midtone and shadow ranges, Camera Raw produces a photo that more closely approximates human vision.B When a photo contains insufficient data in the shadow range, tonal adjustments made in Photoshop will cause posterization and a noticeable loss of detail

With its extra data in the midtone and shadow ranges, a photo converted by Camera Raw will be better equipped to withstand those Photoshop edits

Noise reduction and sharpening: Not to knock

Photoshop, but the noise reduction and sharp-ening features in Camera Raw are easier to use, less destructive, and more effective than similar commands in Photoshop

You’re halfway there: You will be able to build

on the skills learned in this chapter, because the Camera Raw controls that you’ll use to correct the tonal and color balance in your photos are similar

to many of the adjustment controls in Photoshop that you will learn about in later chapters (such as Levels, Curves, and Hue/Saturation)

The skinny: To correct and enhance digital

photos in preparation for further edits in Photoshop, Camera Raw is an ideal launch pad

Raw, JPEG, or TIFF?

In addition to raw files, photos that a camera saves

in the JPEG or TIFF format can also be opened and

edited in Camera Raw Although more Camera Raw

features are available for raw photos than for JPEG

and TIFF photos, if your camera doesn’t shoot raw

photos or you acquire JPEG or TIFF photos from

other sources, you can still use most of the Camera

Raw features to process them

Unfortunately, Camera Raw can’t correct

defi-ciencies in digital JPEG and TIFF photos as fully

as it can in raw photos, for several reasons First,

JPEG and TIFF photos have a bit depth of only

8 bits per channel, unlike raw photos, which have

a bit depth of 16 bits per channel Second, color

and tonal processing is applied to JPEGs and TIFFs

by the camera (“in camera”) Camera Raw must

reinterpret this processed data, with less

success-ful results than when it has access to the raw,

unprocessed data And finally, the editing

instruc-tions are saved in the files themselves (processing

is applied when the files are opened and saved in

Photoshop), not in the sidecar or database file, as

is the case with raw files Nonetheless, you can use

the many outstanding correction and adjustment

features in Camera Raw to improve your JPEG and

TIFF photos

Note: In this chapter, we focus only on

pro-cessing raw and JPEG files in Camera Raw — not

TIFFs The JPEG format is mentioned only when a

particular feature treats JPEGs differently from the

way it treats raw files

JPEG…

JPEG pluses

➤ JPEG fi les have smaller storage sizes than raw

fi les, so your digital camera is able to store more of them

➤ JPEG fi les have shorter transfer speeds, so they can be captured and stored more quickly by a camera than raw fi les For sports, nature, and other quick-motion photography, this faster shot sequencing is

a necessity

➤ Most software programs can read JPEG fi les

JPEG minuses

➤ The JPEG compression methods destroy some image data and can produce defects, such as arti-facts, banding, and a loss of detail

➤ The pixel data in a JPEG photo is processed by the camera Although Camera Raw can be used to improve your JPEG photos, it — and you — won’t have access to the original pixel data

…COMPARED WITH RAW

Raw pluses

➤ The raw compression methods are nondestructive

➤ The raw formats preserve the original, unpro-cessed pixel data and full range of tonal levels that were captured by the camera Because Camera Raw has all the data to work with, the result after adjustments is a higher-quality image

➤ Because the white point setting isn’t applied to raw pixels when a photo is shot (it’s merely stored in the metadata of the fi le), you can adjust this setting

in Camera Raw

➤ Camera Raw does a better job of redistributing tonal values in raw fi les, so they are better candi-dates for Photoshop edits

➤ Raw fi les can be opened as 16-bits-per-channel

fi les into Photoshop

Raw minuses

➤ Digital cameras create and store raw fi les more slowly than JPEG fi les, which is a potential problem for fast-action photographers

➤ Raw fi les have larger storage sizes than JPEG fi les

The bottom line Despite the advantages of speed and storage size that JPEG has to offer, raw is the clear winner

KEEPING CAMERA RAW UP TO DATE

Of the many proprietary raw “formats,” some are

unique to particular manufacturers (such as Nikon

or Canon) and some are unique to particular camera

models To ensure that the latest interpreters for

the raw formats that Camera Raw supports are

installed in your system, visit www.adobe.com

periodically and download any Camera Raw updates

that have been posted for your camera

To standardize your workflow, we recommend

set-ting a preference so your JPEG or TIFF photos

will open directly into Camera Raw instead of into

Photoshop

To set a preference to have your raw photos

open directly into Camera Raw:

In Photoshop, go to Edit/Photoshop >

Preferences (Ctrl-K/Cmd-K) > File Handling

Check Prefer Adobe Camera Raw for Supported

Raw Files, then click OK With this option on,

when double-clicked, raw files will open into the

Camera Raw dialog (as opposed to other

soft-ware that converts raw files)

To set a preference to have your JPEG or TIFF

photos open directly into Camera Raw:

In Bridge, choose Edit/Adobe Bridge CS5 >

Camera Raw Preferences At the bottom of

the dialog, from the JPEG menu, choose

Automatically Open JPEGs with Settings, and

from the TIFF menu, choose Automatically

Open TIFFs with Settings

From now on, when you click a JPEG or TIFF

photo thumbnail in Bridge, then click the Open

in Camera Raw button or press Ctrl-R/Cmd-R,

the file will open into Camera Raw

➤ If you have chosen both Automatically Open

options suggested above but for some reason you

want to open a JPEG or TIFF photo directly into

Photoshop instead of into Camera Raw (and if

the file hasn’t yet been edited in Camera Raw),

click the thumbnail, then press Ctrl-O/Cmd-O

➤ If the Open in Camera Raw button is available

when you click a thumbnail, you know that the

file can be opened into Camera Raw

To choose a host for Camera Raw:

In Bridge, choose Edit/Adobe Bridge CS5 >

Preferences (Ctrl-K/Cmd-K), then click

General on the left side Check Double-Click

Edits Camera Raw Settings in Bridge if you

want the Camera Raw dialog to be hosted by

Bridge when you double-click the thumbnail in

Bridge for a raw photo or a JPEG that was

previ-ously edited in Camera Raw If this preference is

unchecked and you double-click a thumbnail for

either of those two file types, the file will open

into Camera Raw, but hosted by Photoshop

OUR APPROACH

If you shoot only raw or JPEG photos (as we do) — not TIFF photos — you can follow these two sugges-tions to have your raw and JPEG photos always open into Camera Raw and your TIFF fi les always open directly into Photoshop:

➤ In the Edit/Adobe Bridge CS5 > Camera Raw Preferences dialog, under JPEG and TIFF Handling, choose JPEG: Automatically Open JPEGs with Settings and choose TIFF: Disable TIFF Support

➤ In Edit/Adobe Bridge CS5 > Preferences, check Double-Click Edits Camera Raw Settings in Bridge

UPDATING PHOTOS FROM CR 5.X ★ Using updated profi les, Camera Raw 6.x applies improved processing, such as default sharpening and color calibration If you want to update a raw photo that was processed by Camera Raw 5, before applying any new adjustments, click the icon in the bottom right of the preview window; the Process menu in the

2010 (Current) (This Process choice controls which version of the Camera Raw noise reduction, demosaic, sharpening, and postcrop vignette methods are used for rendering and adjusting photos.) Note: If you want

to preserve access to the older rendering of the photo, take a snapshot of it before updating it (see page 83)

WHAT’S THAT WEIRD SYMBOL?

If a fi le has been opened and edited previously in Camera Raw, this badge appears in the upper right corner of the thumbnail in Bridge, and the current Camera Raw settings are refl ected in the appearance

of the thumbnail and preview Also, if the currently selected fi le has been edited in Camera Raw, a Camera Raw category appears in the Metadata panel

➤ Each digital camera model attaches a different extension to the names of the raw fi les it captures, such as nef for Nikon, crw or cr2 for Canon, and dcr for Kodak

Note: When Bridge is the host for Camera Raw, the default button for exiting that dialog is labeled Done, whereas when Photoshop is the host for Camera Raw, the default button is Open Image

(If the button is labeled Open Object instead of Open Image, see the first tip on page 86.)

Choosing preferences for opening photos

Opening photos into Camera Raw

Below is a summary of the steps you will be

fol-lowing in this chapter Note: If you shoot JPEG

photos, start by following the steps in “To set a

preference to have your JPEG or TIFF photos open

directly…” on the preceding page

To open a raw or JPEG digital photo into

Camera Raw:

1 Launch Bridge, display the thumbnail for the

raw or JPEG photo to be opened, then do

either of the following:

For a raw photo, double-click the thumbnail

For a raw or JPEG photo, click the thumbnail,

then press Ctrl-R/Cmd-R or click the Open in

Camera Raw button on the Bridge toolbar.

2 The Camera Raw dialog opens A An alert

symbol may display in the upper right corner

of the preview window while the image data is

reading in, but will disappear when it’s done

Information about your photo (taken from the

metadata the camera embedded into it) can

be found in several locations: the camera model

in the title bar at the top of the dialog; the file name below the preview; and the camera settings used to take the photo (aperture, shutter speed, ISO, and focal length) below the histogram

The image adjustment options are distributed among 10 tabs — Basic, Tone Curve, Detail, HSL/Grayscale, Split Toning, Lens Corrections, Effects,★Camera Calibration, Presets, and Snapshots ★— which you’ll use to correct your photo Many of these tabs are explored in this chapter

When you’re done correcting the photo, you can either click Open Image to open the photo into Photoshop or click Done to close Camera Raw without opening the photo In either case, the Camera Raw settings stick with the photo but the original data is preserved

➤ To open a file from Mini Bridge into Camera Raw, right-click the thumbnail and choose Open

in Camera Raw.★

Link to the Workflow Options dialog (see page 66)

Camera settings Tabs (access

to settings) Camera Raw Settings menu

Zoom controls

Histogram

Preview

The Camera Raw tools

In the upper left corner of the dialog,A click the

Zoom tool, then click the image preview to zoom

in or Alt-click/Option-click it to zoom out

Use the Hand tool to move a magnified preview

image in its window (or hold down the Spacebar for

a temporary Hand tool)

For the White Balance tool, see the sidebar on

page 68

Choose the Color Sampler tool, then click in the

image preview to place up to nine samplers A

read-out of the RGB components for the pixels below

each sampler displays below each tool, and updates

as you make color and tonal adjustments To

repo-sition a sampler, drag it with the Color Sampler

tool To remove all samplers, click Clear Samplers

For the Targeted Adjustment tool, see pages 73

and 74

For the Crop and Straighten tools, see the

following page

For the Spot Removal tool, see page 82.

The Red Eye Removal tool works like the Red

Eye tool in Photoshop (for that tool, see page 286)

For the Adjustment Brush tool, see pages

79–81

For the Graduated Filter tool, search for

“graduated filter tool” in Photoshop Help

Note: If tool settings are displaying on the right

side of the Camera Raw dialog (say you had been

using the Adjustment Brush tool) and you want to redisplay the tabs, click one of the first seven tools

➤ The tools in Camera Raw are “memory-loaded,”

meaning that you can press a tool shortcut key

to select a tool, then press the same key again

to reselect the last-used tool

Other buttons at the top of the dialog:

➤ The Open Preferences Dialog button (or press Ctrl-K/Cmd-K) opens the Camera Raw Preferences dialog

➤ The Rotate 90° Counterclockwise button and the Rotate 90° Clockwise button rotate the image The results preview in the dialog

OTHER WAYS TO ZOOM IN THE PREVIEW

➤ Press Ctrl –/Cmd – (hyphen) to zoom out or Ctrl- +/

Cmd- + to zoom in

➤ Use the Zoom Level menu or zoom buttons (– or +), located below the image preview

➤ Double-click the Zoom tool to change the zoom level to 100%

➤ Double-click the Hand tool to fi t the image in the preview window

Z Zoom:

Shrinks or

magnifies

the preview

H Hand: Moves a

magnified preview

in the window

I White

Balance:

Sets the

white

balance

S Color Sampler:

Places up to nine RGB color sampler points in the preview

C Crop:

Crops the photo based

on a marquee you drag

A Straighten:

Straightens the photo along a line you drag

B Spot

Removal:

Spot-heals imperfections

E Red Eye

Removal: Corrects red-eye in a portrait photo

T Targeted

Adjustment:

Applies adjust-ments where you drag in the preview

G Graduated

Filter: Applies edits gradually across an area that you designate

Open Preferences Dialog (Ctrl-K/

Cmd-K): Opens the Camera Raw Preferences dialog

K Adjustment

Brush:

Applies local corrections

L Rotate 90°

Counter-clockwise:

Rotates the image

R Rotate

90°

Clockwise:

Rotates the image