chapter 7143 OVERVIEW • Suffixes • Strategies for learning suffixes • How suffixes work • Suffixes that describe state of being • Suffixes that indicate occupations • Suffixes that show
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EXERCISES: PUTTING IT TOGETHER
Directions: Now, do this crossword puzzle to review some of the vocabulary you
have practiced
12. Piece of land, as in parking _ 4. Abbreviation for street
13. Preposition: _ the same time 5. Quality, characteristic
14. Negative word 6. Equipment
15. Prefix meaning against 7. Poison
19. Have you _ Tom? 10 Prefix meaning before
23. Very valuable object 15 Entrance, means of reaching
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26. Use the eyes 20 Subject pronoun
28. Informal word for friend 21 Has the sun always _
31. What is expected, usual, or average 24 Clear and definite
33. Scold, rebuke 25 Soothe, relieve
36. Wrong, faulty 27 Circum, peri
39. Abbreviation for North America 30 Conjunction
40. Suffix used to form a noun from occur 32 Prefix meaning two
42. An infant is totally _ 35 Feminine pronoun
upon its mother 36 Indefinite article
37 Abbreviation for medium
38 Abbreviation for separate
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ANSWER KEY
Words in Context
Prefixes
1. agree 6. excessive activity
2. false virtue 7. underground room
3. existing 8. not moral
4. complete 9. squeeze
5. deep blue 10 arrogant
Synonyms
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Putting It Together
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SUMMING IT UP
• Learning prefixes will help you work out the meanings of words
• There are more than fifty prefixes in English
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OVERVIEW
• Suffixes
• Strategies for learning suffixes
• How suffixes work
• Suffixes that describe state of being
• Suffixes that indicate occupations
• Suffixes that show resemblance
• Suffixes that show amount
• Twelve useful suffixes
• Summing it up
SUFFIXES
A suffix is a combination of letters added to the end of a word or word root.
Suffixes are used either to form new words or show the function of a word For
example, the suffix -ist or -ian added to a noun describes people, forming words
like “motorist” and “musician.”
In this chapter, you will learn some common suffixes that identify nouns, verbs,
adjectives, and adverbs to help you recognize errors in word forms You can also
improve your vocabulary as you learn how these common suffixes change words
from one part of speech to another
STRATEGIES FOR LEARNING SUFFIXES
Remember that suffixes or word forms are the most common type of error tested
on the TOEFL
• Check for word form errors that include the use of words related to certain
fields and the people who work in the field (botany, botanical, a botanist)
• Check for word form errors involving adjectives and nouns (developing/
development)
• Check for other word form errors, such as a noun in place of a verb (belief/
believe)
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HOW SUFFIXES WORK
Suffixes Are Added to the End of Roots to Create Many Words
In the same way that prefixes are placed at the beginning of a word to change its meaning,
suffixes are placed at the end to change a word’s meaning Here are some examples:
Word + Suffix = Word Definition allege ation allegation assertion, claim recognize tion recognition identification alien ation alienation estrangement, cut off from
hazard ous hazardous dangerous capacity ous capacious large, roomy tonsils itis tonsillitis inflammation of the tonsils bronchi itis bronchitis inflammation of the lung region appendix itis appendicitis inflammation of the appendix
Suffixes Are Always Attached to Words Without a Break
Even though you may have seen the suffix written with a hyphen (as in -eous, -ion, -ment), the suffix is attached without a hyphen The following chart shows some examples:
abstain ious abstemious moderate, sober
Suffixes Are Different Lengths
As with prefixes, suffixes can be as short as one letter or far longer The following chart shows some examples:
Number of Letters Suffix Word Pronunciation Meaning One-Letter Suffix d promulgated (prom-mul-gay-ted) to publish or
disseminate widely Two-Letter Suffix ed besmirched (bee-smirchd) to soil; make filthy Three-Letter Suffix ity instability not stable
Four-Letter Suffix ment inducement (in-doos-ment) incentive Five-Letter Suffix ation vacillation (vah-ci-lay-shun) indecision