It s grammar time 4

Some of these verbs can be used in continuous tenses when they describe actions and not states, but there is a Present Simple Present Continuous She is very polite.. y# Put the verbs i

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Virginia Evans - Jenny Dooley

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Published by Express Publishing

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Illustrations: Angela © Express Publishing, 2014

First published 2014

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All rights reserved No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form, or by any means, electronic, photocopying or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publishers

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ISBN 978-1-4715-3810-0

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Unit 1 Present simple - Present continuous -

Unit6 Linking words

Unit 7 Word formation

Exploring Grammar (Units 1-7)

Prepositions of place/movement/

time - Times words

Unit 8 Past simple - Past continuous -

Used to - Would

Unit 9 Past perfect - Past perfect

continuous

Unit 10 Adjectives - Adverbs

Phrasal Verbs II - Prepositions II

Unit 11 Future tenses

Unit 12 Time clauses -

Phrasal Verbs III - Prepositions III

Unit 13 The passive - The causative

Unit 14 Reflexive - Emphatic pronouns

Phrasal Verbs IV - Prepositions IV

Unit 15 Reported speech

Exploring Grammar (Units 15)

Phrasal Verbs V - Prepositions V

Contents

TÔ

14 18

20 26 32 34

36 40

42

86 94 96

Unit 16 Modal verbs . - -5- p 98 Unit 17 A/An - The - One/Ones p.106 Unit 18 Some - Any - No - EVery p.111

Exploring Grammar (Units 16-18) p.114 Phrasal Verbs VI - Prepositions VI p.116

Unit 19 Conditional clauses - Wishes -

Had better/Would rather/Prefer/

Unreal past cccececeeeeeseeteereeee p.118

Unit 20 The Infinitive/The -ing form/

Participles/Too - Enough p.126 Unit 21 Question tags p.134 Unit 22 Clauses of concession p.136 Unit 23 Determiners - Pronouns - Quantifiers p.138 Exploring Grammar (Units 19-23) p.148

Phrasal Verbs VII - Prepositions VII p.150

Unit 24 Relative clauses — Clauses of purpose -

Clauses of result - Clauses of reason - Clauses of manner p.152 Unit 25 Question words - Subject/Object

QU€SEIONS che p.182 Exploring Grammar (Units 24-25) 0.164

Phrasal Verbs VIII - Prepositions VIII p.166

Further Practice Material

Multiple choice questions p.171 Open cloze sentences p.174 Sentence transformations p.176 Word formation p.180

Prepositions p.182

Irregular verbs occ eect p.184

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| Sundays They don’t

: play on any other day,

always lose their

leaves in autumn

Form: main verb (+ -s in the third person singular)

Flo isn’t meeting They are moving = Why is this bus her friend today into their new always running She is planting — house next week, late?

trees in her garden

Form: to be + main verb + -ing

AFFIRMATIVE We/You/They eat | eat, He/She/It eats, AFFIRMATIVE I’m running, He/She/It’s running,

We/You/They’re running

NEGATIVE | don’t eat, He/She/It doesn’t eat,

We/You/They don’t eat NEGATIVE

I’m not running, He/She/It isn’t running, We/You/They aren't running

INTERROGATIVE Do | eat? Does he/she/it eat?

Do we/you/they eat? INTERROGATIVE

Yes, |/we/you/they do./

No, |/we/you/they don’t

Yes, he/she/it does./

No, he/she/it doesn’t SHORT

ANSWERS Yes, | am./No, I’m not

Yes, he/she/it is./No, he/she/it isn’t

Yes, we/you/they are./

No, we/you/they aren't

Time expressions we use with the present simple: |

usually, often, always, every day/week/month/ year, |

etc, in the morning/afternoon/evening, at night/the

weekend, on Mondays, etc

Match each use of the present simple

(a-e) to its corresponding example (1-5)

-

a Water freezes at

0°G, The last train to London leaves at 9:15,

- [3] | Jean works at a

bank

In the end, Gail finds her mother and they all live

happily ever after

the bus to school

a apermanent state

b a habit or routine (with always, usually, etc)

c¢ a timetable or

programme (future reference)

a general truth or law of nature

a sports

commentary, review or narration

_|Time expressions we use with the present continuous:

now, this week/month/year, etc, at the moment, at present, these days, nowadays, still, today, tonight, etc

Match each use of the ieee continuous |

(a-e) to its corresponding example (1-5)

We’re going to the theatre on Saturday

J2 | The Earth is becoming more and more

polluted

You're always losing your keys

[5 |_| Kim is having a shower at the moment

a atemporary action or situation

b an action taking place at or around the moment of speaking

ce a fixed arrangement in the near future

€ an expression of anger or annoyance at a

repeated action (with adverbs such as

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Present simple - Present continuous - Adverbs of frequency

Look at the pictures (A-F) on p 4 and underline all the verbs

a) Identify in which tense each verb is

b) How do we form the affirmative, negative and interrogative of these tenses?

c) Which of the uses of these tenses does each verb show?

al Match the tenses in bold to the correct description

1 | 6 | Linda is picking us up from the train

2 Reptiles lay eggs

[3] | Carl is always interrupting me

[4] ] She often works out at the gym on Fridays

[5[ | The evening performance starts at 9 o’clock

[é[ | Bill and Rob are repairing the cottage roof at the moment

The black car stops in front of the bank and three

suspicious-looking men get out of it

More and more plant and animal species are becoming

endangered

mm Oxfam is a charity that helps people in need

Stephen isn’t working this week; he’s on leave

Choose the correct tense

1 More and more people use/are using their

mobiles to access the Internet these days A:

2 Sheila runs/is running a successful business

3 Computec holds/is holding a five-day

seminar on new computer systems next

6 | don’t teach/’m not teaching in the evenings at present

7 Do polar bears live/Are polar bears living only in the Arctic?

8 | never set/’m never setting foot in that restaurant again! The food was horrible!

12 Astronomers study/are studying objects |

in the sky or in space, such as planets, A

stars and galaxies

13 Antarctica is staying/stays frozen all year round

j_ a Sports commentary, review or narration

6 | Choose the correct tense

Welcome back to the show Today, 1) we’re talking/talk live to Dr Jones in the Arctic! Could you tell our viewers about your adventure?

Of course! This month, | 2) ’m staying/ stay with the Inuit people in Greenland

That sounds amazing! 3) Are you researching/Do you research Inuit culture at the moment?

Yes Actually, my research team and |

4) visit/are visiting an Inuit village on

Sunday However, we 5) aren't focusing/ don’t focus on Inuit art or traditions right now This year we 6) ’re looking/look at how the modern world sometimes 7) is affecting/affects Inuit people

Do you think that contact with the modern world is a problem for the Inuit?

Yes, | think so Modernisation 8) is

playing/plays a large part in the difficulties

that these people face For example, more and more young Inuit 9) are experiencing/ experience social problems because they often 10) are working/work in big cities

: That must be hard for people to deal with

Dr Jones will tell us more after this short break

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Stative verbs

“

Stative Verbs are verbs which describe a state rather than an action and do not normally have continuous tenses

e verbs of the senses (see, hear, smell, taste, feel, look, sound, seem, appear, etc) You seem very tired

* verbs of perception (know, believe, understand, realise, remember, forget, etc) | don’t know what you're talking about

¢ verbs which express feelings and emotions (like, love, hate, enjoy, prefer, want, etc) Kim loves this cartoon show

* some other verbs: agree, be, belong, contain, continue, cost, fit, have (= possess), include, matter, need, owe,

own, require, suppose, weigh, wish, etc These jeans don’t fit me; I'll try on another pair

Some of these verbs can be used in continuous tenses when they describe actions and not states, but there is a

Present Simple Present Continuous She is very polite (= character — permanent state) | He is being very nice (= he is behaving — temporary state)

| think his car is fantastic (= | believe) ¡ m thinking qbout going to Scotland (= | am considering)

| We're having a good time (= are experiencing) They have a sailing boat (= they possess) | They're having a meeting (= are holding)

| He’s having some crisps (= is eating) 1

This house looks very modern (= appears) i I'm looking at the photos we took in Rome (= | am taking a look at) E

| see that you got flowers from someone (= it is visible)

¡ see why you like working here (= understand) I’m seeing an old school friend tomorrow (= 1 am meeting)

This scarf feels like silk (= it has the texture of) Ben is feeling the wall to see if the paint is dry (= is touching)

This biscuit tastes very sweet (= it has a sweet flavour)| She’s tasting the sauce to see if it’s OK (= she is testing the flavour)

These roses smell nice (= the have a nice aroma) Ben is smelling the milk to see if it’s gone off (= he is sniffing)

| She appears to be very upset (= she seems) My brother's band is appearing live on TV (= they are performing)

lễ This dress fits you very well (= it is the right size) Tom is fitting a bike rack on his car (= he is installing)

| © The verb enjoy can be used in continuous tenses to ° The verb look can be used either in the simple or in the

express a specific preference Beth is enjoying tonight's continuous tenses when we refer to a person5

performance (specific preference) BUT Beth enjoys appearance You look fabulous today = You're looking

going to the theatre (general preference) fabulous today BUT You look angry (= you seem angry) 4

¢ The verb feel can be used in either the simple or the © The verb hurt can be used in either the simple or the

continuous tenses when it means to experience a continuous tenses with no difference in meaning My ú particular emotion She feels sick = She’s feeling sick tooth hurts = My tooth is hurting

y#) Put the verbs in brackets into the present & Choose the correct verb tense

simple or the present continuous

1 A: | don’t think/’m not thinking | should

1 My new jacket fits (fit) me perfectly apologise to Michae! first He was the

— (not/feel) very well; one who was mean to me

" (think) I'll ie down B: Come on! Both of you are/are being

for a few minutes very unreasonable about the whole thing

3 Orange juiCe .- (contain) 2 A: These towels feel/are feeling as soft as

vitamin C as well as many other vitamins silk and are smelling/smell wonderful

; B: That’s because of the new fabric softener

(you/realise) lt is costing/costs less and it’s great

3 A: Mary is appearing/appears in the local theatre production of Mamma Mia!

tomorrow night Let’s go and see her

how late it is? It’s time for us to leave

5 The children (enjoy)

the cupcakes | made for them

6 Ed ke (fit) new tyres B: | can’t | see/’m seeing my grandparents

on his car now for dinner

Ÿ Jj@ffý .ĂĂ (not/believe) 4 A: Why do you feel/are you feeling your

that aliens exist forehead? Are you/Are you being ill?

B Jason (take) us to lunch B: Yes, and it is appearing/appears that

†tomorrow Where c i'm running a fever

(you/want) to go?

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happens They answer the question How often .?

We often use adverbs of frequency with the present

simple

“Do you always drive to work?”

“No, | usually take the bus.”

Use

We use adverbs of frequency:

¢ before the main verb

Penny never reads the paper on her way to work

* after the auxiliary verbs be, have, do and modal

verbs such as can, will, must, etc Frank is often at the gym in the afternoons We don’t usually go abroad for

our holidays You can always count on me to help you

(always/help) her sister

(never/play) computer games

5 She u che iẰ (sometimes/listen) to music

10 Tick (VW) the appropriate gap in the

sentences below to indicate the correct

position of the adverb of frequency

1 Katie Y eats at the work canteen

(sometimes)

2 Helen wakes up early (never)

3 Jack has enough time to talk on the phone at work (seldom)

4 He l8 home at this time of day

(usually)

5 Paul doesn’t remember to charge his mobile phone (always)

6 Rachel leaves her house without

locking the door (sometimes)

7 We can have a picnic in winter

(rarely)

8 we don’t argue about what to eat (often)

9 | appreciate all the help and

support you give me (always)

10 Gary has expressed the desire to move to the countryside (often)

100%

- always

WM usually often 50% ™@ sometimes

The adverbs rarely, seldom and never have a negative

meaning and they are never used with the word not

David rarely drinks coffee (NOT: David doesn’t rarely drink

coffee.) They seldom throw parties (NOT: They don’t seldom throw parties.)

1 S6ix+.:! TU I

(always/be) on time for school

2 3o n ố.ẽ (never/will/lie) to anyone

Read the exchanges Then put the adverbs

Of frequency ïn the correct position

1 A: We a) often go out b) on Friday evenings (often)

B: I don I a) stay in bì : (usually)

2 A: Are a) you bì so patient?

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Present simple - Present continuous - Adverbs of frequency

Tick (/) the correct sentence, as in the

example

1 | see what you are trying to say ⁄

| am seeing what you are trying to Say

They live in New York

They are living in New York

Alex never arrives on time

Alex arrives never on time

Smartphones are becoming more and more popular with teens these days

Smartphones become more and more popular with teens these days

a Kate is eating cereal for breakfast

every morning

b Kate eats cereal for breakfast every

morning

a Milton Street is closed because

they are carrying out some repairs this week

b Milton Street is closed because they

carry out some repairs this week

a | hope you aren’t believing everything

you read in the newspapers!

b | hope you don’t believe everything

you read in the newspapers!

a He hasn’t always been completely

honest with me

b He always hasn’t been completely

honest with me

Complete the sentences using the verbs:

tastes, are appearing, has, looks, is having, is

tasting, appear, is looking

1 Bob is having coffee with his friends at the

moment

This ice cream fantastic!

Nex) - at the TV guide

to see what’s on TV tonight

Where can | find a list of the bands that

¬—— in next month’s music festival?

The baby yoghurt for

the first time; let’s see if he likes it

XYour haÌfF cv amazing!

The New neighbours_ -.‹:-

to be very nice people Let’s go over to

welcome them to the neighbourhood

The hotel : ‹ - an Olympic-

sized swimming pool

i Choose the correct item

“What perfume are you wearing?”

“It’s called Beautiful | love the way it .”

A is smelling C smell

B smells D does smell

“Do you often eat out?

“No, | do.”

A often C always

B sometimes D rarely

“Have you made plans for Saturday yet?”

“Yes, Mary and | to the cinema.”

A are going C am going

“Can Tom come out and play?”

“I’m sorry, he can’t He his homework.”

“Have you seen the new Star Wars film yet?”

“No, to the cinema any more.”

A Irarelydontgo C Igo rarely

“What time for York?”

“At half past three.”

A the bus leaves

B the bus is leaving

C is the bus leaving

D does the bus leave

C belongs

D belong

“The weather is terrible!”

“Well, it heavily at this time of year.”

A often rains C often is raining

B rains often D is raining often

"

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Present simple - Present continuous -— Adverbs of frequency

1 The flight from Rome /ands (land) at 7:00 am

r5 eeceeeeeeeeeseneeees (snow) heavily today

Ea

(he/constantly/ tell) others what to do?

4 JOSh vo (not/come)

to the cinema tonight; he’s busy

Đ TT cuc nh kh (not/rain) very often in the Sahara Desert

6 Brenda .cc sec (do) the

household chores every Saturday

7 What time .- cuc in (the library/open)?

8 Whyg uc n nghe

(Ben and Carl/argue) again?

9 Our friend from Barcelona

(stay) with us for two weeks

10 Belinda 2.0 ccceccceeeeeeeeeeesaeenaees (send) her friend a birthday card every year

> {=} Put the verbs in brackets into the present

How 1) are you (you/be)? The weekend is here at

last, so | can relax and do the things I2)

m (often/not/have) the time to

do during the week

As you already 3) (know), apart from

going to college ! also 4) (volunteer)

at the local animal shelter at weekends This Saturday

at the shelter, we B) (have) a “Furry

Friends’ Day” to help raise money for the shelter It’s a

lot of fun and everyone 6) (enjoy)

helping the animal centre It will be a nice change

from my busy school programme | 7)

(study) at least 3-4 hours every afternoon, except on

Thursdays when my friend Jane 8)

(invite) everyone to her house We

:) (sometime/play) basketball or

st) (watch) DVDs until late

Fortunately, the next day my classes are in the

afternoon so l TÍ}) - c1 1n nh này

(usually/not/wake up) early

What are your plans for the weekend? 12)

re - (you/go) to George's graduation party

on Saturday night? Í 13) c (think)

of going with my sister 14)

(you/want) to go together? Let's talk soon

Pam

sly Complete the second sentence so that it

means the same as the first Use two to five words, including the word in bold

1 George has a doctor’s appointment tomorrow

morning SEEING George is seeing a doctor tomorrow morning

2 Ann’s plans for this weekend include going

to the theatre IS 0P

3 Andy can’t afford to buy a new smartphone

NOT

1 0 enough money to buy a new smartphone

4 The rain hasn’t stopped, so we can’t go for

our jog STILL

ẪĂ eee ce cee eeeeeeeesaeeeeeeasuceseeseaeeeetanreseevaneess NEED

6 Alexandra is busy with her chores right now DOING

Alexandfa th nhe se

7 You will only see emperor penguins in Antarctica DO

Emperor penguins "¬ anywhere else but Antarctica

8 Playing squash is a regular habit of hers

USUALLY SNE sgeecccceedpeesdohe ede eects cbie eveste 6 squash

Speaking

In pairs, act out dialogues, as in the example Talk about what you usually do in your free time, and what you’re doing this weekend

A: What do you usually do in your free time? B: Well, | usually surf the Net | sometimes read

a book What about you?

A: | don't like surfing the Net so | usually listen

to music or play board games

B: What are you doing this weekend?

A: I’m visiting my grandpa How about you?

B: I’m going to the cinema

Writing

Using your answers from the Speaking activity, write an email to a friend telling him/her about your free-time activities and your plans for this weekend Use Ex 16 as

a model.

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\ / Present perfect - Present perfect continuous

He has come first lan has just missed Have you played How long have they been People haven't been using

in the race the bus billiards before? waiting to use the phone? _ their cars for days as it has

No, | haven't been raining heavily and

played before the streets are flooded

| Form: have/has + past participle of the main verb | Form: have/has + been + main verb + -ing

| Affirmative Negative Affirmative Negative

| have/‘ve left haven't left ‘ve been running been running

- | He/She/It has/“s teft) He/She/It has not/hasn’t left He/She/It has/’s been} He/She/It has not/hasn’t been

: running running

| Interrogative Short Answers

Interrogative Short Answers Have l/you/ Yes, |/you/we/they have

we/they left? { No, I/you/we/they haven’t Have I/you/we/they { Yes, I/you/we/they have

Has he/she/it left? | ƒ Yes, he/she/it has been running? No, |/you/we/they haven't

| { No, he/she/it hasn’t Has he/she/it been Yes, he/she/it has

bs running? No, he/she/it hasn't

Geter each use of the present perfect (a-e) to its corresponding example (1-5)

They’ve been friends a an action that happened at an unstated time in the past (The

lề for years emphasis is on the action; the time when it occurred is unimportant

2 Mary has lost weight Gi eo)

_ He has just finished b an action which started in the past and continues up to the present,

> painting the living room especially with stative verbs such as be, have, like, know, etc

* and it looks great c arecently completed action, especially one whose result is visible

P They've cancelled my in the present

'e favourite TV show d an action which has happened within a specific time period which

ee Amy has called you is not over at the time of speaking (with time words/phrases such

° three times today as: today, this week/morning/evening/month etc)

_ @ a personal experience or change

TB Match each use of the present perfect confinuous (a-c) to its corresponding exampie (1-3)

| You've been listening to the same song for a emphasis on the duration of an action that started

an hour Can’t you play something else? in the past and continues up to the present Bob’s muscles are stiff because he’s been b an action that started in the past and lasted for | working out for three hours some time It may still be continuing or has already

He's been running the company for over finished, but the result is still visible

20 years ¢ an expression of anger, irritation of annoyance

Look at the pictures (A-E) and the examples Identify the tenses of the verbs in bold

Which uses of these tenses does each verb show? How do we form the affirmative,

negative and interrogative of these tenses?

10

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_ Time expressions we use with the present perfect:

already (normally in affirmative sentences)

I've already seen this film Let’s watch something else

yet (normally in interrogative or negative sentences) Has Angela returned from school yet?

Mario hasn‘t moved into his new flat yet

just (normally in affirmative sentences to show that

an action finished a few minutes earlier) Ronald has just sent me a text message

ever (at any time — normally in affirmative and interrogative sentences)

Brian is the best goalkeeper our team has ever had

Have you ever tried Thai cuisine?

never (at no time — negative meaning) Leonard has never travelled abroad

for (over a period of time) Alice hasn't visited her grandparents for two weeks,

since (from a starting point in the past)

Richard has been on leave since the start of the month

We haven't been to Italy since 2012

recently (not long ago; at a time immediately before the present - normally in affirmative or

interrogative sentences)

Mike has recently sold his car

Have you read any good books recently?

so far (until now — normally in affirmative sentences) Four people have accepted our invitation to the dinner

party so far

still (until now — normally in negative sentences) You still haven't told me what you’d like for dinner

various time adverbials such as always, today, this

week/month, etc., how long, by now, etc

Arnold has always dreamed of travelling to space

I’m sure he has realised his mistake by now

Time expressions used with the present perfect

continuous: for, since, how long, all day/morning/

month, etc., lately, recently, etc

How long have you been working here?

Tina hasn’t been feeling very well lately

8 Choose the correct item

1 Janet still/yet hasn't decided what to have for lunch

Joe has so far/already walked the dog today

We've lived in London for/since 2001

They’ve been travelling a lot lately/by now

Jim has recently/just served dinner

That’s the best pie you’ve never/ever made

Have you always/lately been so impatient?

e recently © for © just © since ¢ yet © never

1 Carly has recently become a member of the local tennis club

2 Ryan hasn’t recovered from the flU

3 VE vs taken the pizza out of the oven and it’s still hot

4 Karen has seen an opera before

5 David has been trying to find a parking spot

kh kh sưa the last 40 minutes

6 Matthew has been playing tennis_

he was 7 years old

Choose the correct verb tense

1 You’ve been trying/have tried to fix this dripping tap for three hours Why don’t you give up and call a plumber?

2 Don’t you think you should get out of the pool? You’ve swum/’ve been swimming for

an hour and your skin is starting to wrinkle

3 Have you heard/Have you been hearing

the good news about Kevin’s promotion?

4 Nora hasn’t graduated/hasn’t been

graduating from university yet

5 Have you been studying/Have you studied

since | left this morning? You should stop and take a break

Choose the correct verb tense

1 A: Why is Sylvia upset?

B: She has been losing/has lost her wallet

2 A: You look exhausted

B: | am! I’ve been working/’ve worked in

my garden all morning

Why have you been staring/have you

stared at your screen for the last 15 minutes?

B: I’ve forgotten/I’ve been forgetting my password and |’m trying to remember it!

4 A: This cheesecake is delicious

B: Is it? | haven’t tasted/haven’t been

tasting it yet

5 A: Where are you and Ann going on holiday this summer?

B: Rome We have travelled/have been

travelling there twice We really love it!

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Present perfect - Present perfect continuous

_— a $0) Choose the correct item ‘|

The verb go has two present perfect forms: have

_ gone and have been e “Where's Alice?” “She has gone to Oxford.” (She is | 1 She has a terrible headache because she

still in Oxford She hasn’t come back yet.)

¢ | have been to Oxford three times this year (| have

visited Oxford but now | am not there | have

returned.)

SY " in the sun for hours

A is walking @ has been walking 4

B walks D often walks

2 The race at 5 o’clock

12

® She has been in Oxford since 2011 (She has lived A is starting C start

in Oxford since 2011.) B starts D has started

e We have been in the shopping centre for two hours 3 How long in Spain?

(We have spent the last two hours in the shopping A you live C are you living

centre.)

Choose the correct item

B do you live D have you been living

4 Bob hasn't finished his exams

A yet C just

1 Sue has been in/has gone to the bank to B already D still

pay some bills She’ll be back in an hour 5 These roses wondertul

2 The Miltons have been/have gone to A smells C have been smelling

Kenya twice B are smelling D smell

3 My brother has been in/has gone to 6 Bears rarely humans

Leeds for three months now A attack C have been attacking

4 Mum isn’t here She has been in/has B are attacking D don’t attack

gone to the Robinsons’ with Dad 7 Her English better

5 Carlo’s sister has gone to/has been in A is getting C gets

hospital since Tuesday B get D have been getting

6 Martha hasn’t been/hasn’t gone to the 8 you his proposal yet?

new cinema complex yet so |’m taking her A Has Tim been emailing

on Sunday B Does Tim email

7 Ken has been in/has gone to the park Do C Is Tim emailing

you want to join him there? D Has Tim emailed

8 We have been/have gone in this coffee 9 my tablet PC again? You have to stop

shop for twenty minutes and no one has shown up to take our order yet

9 | Choose the correct item

doing that and get your own!

A Do you use

B Are you always using

C Have you been using

1 A: I’m flying to Brazil next week D Have you always used

B: Really? I've never gone/’ve never_ 101 to the shops in a little while Do you

been to Brazil want me to get you anything?

2 A: I’ve just met Kirk and Sue, our new A go C ve gone

neighbours They seem really nice B ’m going D ‘ve been going

B: They aren’t new They’ve been to/'ve

been in the area for nearly a year now! i) Choose the correct item

3 A: Is David at home?

B: No, he’s been in/’s gone to the dentist 1 My brother always pays/has always been

4 A: Greg speaks fluent German paying for dinner when we go out

B: Yes He’s been/’s gone to Germany 2 Giant pandas are living/live in certain

many times parts of China

5 A: This museum is huge! 3 Should we wake Eve up? She’s slept/'s

B: Isn’t it? We've been in/’ve been to been sleeping for hours

here for two hours and we haven’t even 4 Patrick is taking/has taken the bus to seen half of the exhibits yet! work this week because his car is still in the

6 A: Where do you want to go for dinner? shop

B: We haven’t gone/haven’t been to the new Indian restaurant yet Let’s try that 5 Larry has been watching/is watching a

film on TV at the moment

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Present perfect - Present perfect continuous Ô@

Put the verbs in brackets into the appropriate present tense

Hello, fellow bloggers! Today, we 1) are

talking (talk) about famous people, so share

some things about your favourite celebrity!

Hi everyone!

The celebrity l 2)

(admire) most is Leonardo DiCaprio

He’s not only a famous actor but he

3), re (produce) films as

well The reason L 4)

(like) him so much is that apart from the

fact that he’s very talented he's also a

very caring person For the past several

years, he 5} cute

(use) his fame and fortune to support

different environmental causes That

6} (make) him a great person!

5 ằằằ (not/

announce) his next project yet but |'m

sure that he 8) (work)

on another great film as we speak!

Carla, Milan

Hello,

The celebrity | 9) -.c.v e

(always/want) to meet is the amazing

_ footballer David Beckham He

ị 10) ve (play) football

_professionaly since 1991 He

11) (appear) with great

teams such as Manchester United and

Real Madrid What many people

I2) ee (not/know)

is that David Beckham also

13) (write) books So

la, he 14) (publish)

over ten books about football, his life

and his career | 15)

(read) all of them, of course, and | really

hope he 1ó) . -+ (write)

his next book right now!

Alex, London

Ne

5 Kk] Complete the second sentence so that it means the same

as the first Use two to five words, including the word in bold

1 They haven't finished painting their house yet STILL

They are still painting their house

2 The forest fire started two days ago and it’s still burning

BEEN

The fores† fir© cà vàn sriey two days

3 Stella rarely goes on social networking sites DOES G†@ll tu L1 HH TT TH HH ST n ng n nh nen cty

on social networking sites very often

4 We can't leave yet because the lecture isn’t over FINISHED B1 eo a aăă

yet so we can’t leave

5 Mr Benson has decided to meet the client on Thursday instead of Friday HAVING

Mr BONSONn ou cccccceceseseseceseccscceeeseeeeseuueeauesseeeaseneneuneesa with the client on Thursday instead of Friday

6 What’s Stephen’s job? DO

What nh Tnhh nh Hee for a living?

7 I’ve been in the restaurant for an hour, but Lisa hasn’t

come yet WAITING

for Lisa to come to the restaurant for an hour

8 We can get from Sydney to Melbourne without changing trains NEED

trains to get from Sydney to Melbourne

Speaking

In pairs, talk about your favourite celebrity Ask and answer questions about:

e who your favourite celebrity is

e what the celebrity does

* how long he/she has been doing what they do

e what things he/she has done so far

e what he/she is doing at present

A: Who is your favourite celebrity?

B: | really like Justin Timberlake

A: What does he do?

B: He sings and writes songs He acts in films too

A: How long has he been singing?

B: He’s been singing since 1995 etc

Writing

Use your answers from the Speaking activity to write a blog entry about your favourite celebrity Use the blog entries in Ex 12 as models

13

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LEE i „ 5

Comparatives & Superlatives |

We use the comparative to compare one

person or thing with another fake’s house

is bigger than mine

e We use the superlative to compare one

person or thing with more than one

person or thing of the same group His

Ben, Max and Jake play in the same team Ben is taller

than Max but Jake is the

tallest of all

athletic than

Ben is more

Jake but Max is

the best player in the team

He runs faster than Ben and

house is the biggest one in the street jumps the highest of all

Adjectives Positive Comparative Superlative

of one syllable add -(e)r/-(e)st to form their comparative} strong | stronger (than) the strongest (of/in)

and superlative forms nice nicer (than) the nicest (of/in)

of one syllable that end in a single vowel + a single

consonant double the last consonant and add -er/-est thin thinner (than) the thinnest (of/in)

lovely lovelier (than) the loveliest (of/in)

of two syllables ending in -ly, -y, -w also add -er/-est

or -ier/-iest busy | busier (than) the busiest (of/in)

helpful | more helpful (than) | the most helpful (of/in)

of two or more syllables take more/most polite more polite (than) | the most polite (of/in)

¢ We normally use than with the comparative form Frank is shorter than James

¢ We normally use the of/in with the superlative form Roger is the kindest of all my colleagues We use in to refer to places, groups, etc She’s the funniest person in the office He’s the best player in the team

e certain adjectives form their comparative and superlative with either -(e)r/-(e)st or more/most These are: clever, common, cruel, friendly, gentle, narrow, pleasant, quiet, shallow, simple, stupid, polite clever — cleverer —

cleverest ALSO clever — more clever — most clever

Adverbs Positive | Comparative | Superlative

adverbs having the same form as their adjectives add -er/-est fast faster the fastest

early drops the -y and adds -ier/-iest early earlier the earliest two-syllable adverbs and those formed by adding -ly to their adjectives] often more often most often take more/most simply more simply | most simply

Irregular Forms Note:

aes : : further/farther (adv) = longer (in distance)

Adjective/Adverb Comparative S lative 4

i a ae The train station is farther/further away than the

good/well better best bus station

bad/badly | worse worst ¢ further = more, additional

much/many/a lot of | more most | have no further comments (NOT: farther-cormmments)

little less least * elder / eldest (+ noun) (adj): for members of a

far farther/further | farthest/furthest family My elder sister is a dentist BUT My sister is

old older/elder oldest/eldest older than me (NOT: elder-than)

Look at the picture and the words in bold in

the example How do we form the

comparative and the superlative of adjectives 1 softly

and adverbs? When do we use these forms? 2 much

Fill in the missing forms of the adjectives 3 well

4 fast

1 large larger the largest 5 little

the loneliest 6 sensibly

3 h@eaVy c-.ẶĂ cà ee 7 early

4 more attrac†ive_ 8 happily

Fo BEd Bd the best 9 badly

GS fet eee dale i a cece eee en ee ellie ns Wil 10 hard

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tly

Comparatives & Superlatives —- Types of comparisons

1 This jigsaw puzzle is the simplest/a simple one I've ever done

2 If you need farther/further information, you can contact the company’s sales department

3 Jake got the job because he is experienced/

more experienced than the other candidates

4 The people at the back of the room can’t hear you I’m afraid you’ll have to speak more foudly/loudest

5 Mary has got two sisters and two brothers but she’s the oldest/eldest of all

6 This is a more realistic/the most realistic video game that’s ever come out in the market

7 He played better/more well than his

opponent and won the match

8 This is the silliest/sillier excuse you’ve ever given me

9 We should hurry up and head back home because the weather is getting worst/worse

10 Green & Fresh is the most successful vegetarian restaurant in/of the entire city

kJ Choose the correct item

1 A: Why do you want to live in the countryside?

B: Because the air there is cleaner/clean than it is in the city

2 A: Adam got a promotion

B: Good for him He works harder/the hardest of his colleagues

3 A: Did you go swimming in Crystal Lake?

B: Yes The water was colder/cold but it was also the clearest/clearer water I’ve ever swum in

4 A: Fran’s treating everyone to a meal at Da Silvio’s tonight

B: Da Silvio’s! How can he afford it? It’s a more expensive/the most expensive restaurant in town

5 A: Do you know where the bakery is?

B: It’s farthest/further down this street

6 A: That was the slower/slowest train that I’ve ever travelled on!

B: Well, at least it was most comfortable/

more comfortable than travelling by bus

7 A: When are you getting your new sofa?

B: They can deliver it no sooner/the soonest than Friday

These and a lot more other wonderful

Prague Castle is a 2) great/greater example

of this It appears in Guinness World Records

as 3) the oldest/ older and 4) bigger/

biggest castle in Europe 5) More/ Most of the castle is open to the public and houses some of 6) the most amazing/more amazing art collections from the Bohemian era The Astronomical Clock is a must-see too Travellers to Prague often say that they haven't seen a 7) more impressive/most impressive clock than this anywhere else

The clock not only shows the time of day but also the months and seasons

places ensure that a visit to Prague offers you one of 8) the unforgettable/ the most | unforgettable experiences of your life

can find them in big cities like London and New York A

rickshaw may travel 3) slower/slowly than a car but this doesn't mean that it isn’t a 4) safer/safest or a

5) most/more convenient form of transport In fact,

one benefit of a rickshaw cycle is that it can go between

cars and other vehicles that are stuck in traffic This means that it can sometimes get you to where

you want to go 6) fastest/faster than a

car or a bus Tourists use rickshaws

7) most frequently/more frequently

than other forms of transport for sightseeing This is because they are a fun way to travel and Jook great in

photos They can also cost 8) less/the least than other forms of transport

So jump ona rickshaw for a ride

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The armchair is as comfortable as the

sofa but it is less expensive The chair

is the least expensive of all but it is by

far the most uncomfortable The sofa

is very big and needs a lot more

space The more | think about it, the more certain | am that the armchair is

Types of Comparisons

negative sentences we use not as/so as

s less + adjective/adverb + than (to express the _

opposite is more than

® as + adjective/adverb + as (to show that two people,

things or actions are similar/different in some way) In

difference between two people, things or actions) The This sofa is less comfortable than that one

| Peop'e, 3 , Lance tells jokes less convincingly than Ted |

Of/in

an adverb)

°_even/much/a lot/far/a little/a bit/slightly +

comparative (to express the degree of difference

between two people, things or actions)

° by far + the + superlative (to emphasise a superlative

¢ the least + adjective/adverb + of/in (to compare one This is the least crowded beach on the island

person, thing or action to two or more people, things |

or actions of the same group) The opposite is the most

+

|

| Milk is as nutritious as yoghurt

Tom paints as beautifully as his sister | Today it’s not as/so hot as it was yesterday

He didn’t take the news as/so well as I’d thought he would i

I’m afraid | dance the least gracefully of all the people in

Sports cars are very fast

This dress suits you very nicely

This is by far the coldest winter we've had in years — One hour is by far the longest I've had to wait in line for theatre tickets

————>-~Ì :

s always busy at wont ben Ti en ie Sara a Gg

| Yesterday, Bill left the office a little later than he usually

—

* comparative and comparative (to show that

something is increasing or decreasing) | The trees I’ve planted are growing taller and taller

James is feeling better and better day by day

_—

that two things change together or that one thing

depends on another thing)

° the + comparative ., the + comparative (to show | The more careful you are with your work, the fewer:

| mistakes you're likely to make

The more | practise, the better | become at tennis

al

Look at the picture and the phrases in bold in the examples What type of comparison is each

one? What does each one show?

Hi Lenny!

Just a quick email to tell you my 1) even/very good

news Well, | finally got promoted! Of course, the job

comes with 2) lot/much more responsibilities but the

pay is also 3) by far/far higher than what it was | work

longer hours now, so | go out 4) the least/less often

than | did But | don’t care! This is 5) a lot/by far the

best job I've ever had So what if I’m 6) slightly/bit

more tired at the end of the day? It's worth it!

Anyway, I'll tell you all about it when we meet up

Max

16

I0 Choose the correct sentence

1 (a) Tom isn’t so outgoing as his brother

b 2a

b

Tom isn’t as outgoing than his brother

Their friendship is growing strong and stronger

Their friendship is growing stronger and stronger

Tickets are least expensive if you buy them online

Tickets are less expensive if you buy them online

The further we walk, the more tired | get

The farther we walk, more tired | get.

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Comparatives & Superlatives - Types of comparisons

ÚJ Choose the correct item

1 The weather this winter is even than last winter

A the worst C much worse

B worst (D) worse

2 Lynnis as Laura

A as kind C kinder kind D kindest

3 The older she gets, she becomes

C more mature

D most mature

A the most mature

B the more mature

4 Tracy isn’t Patricia in making cakes

A_ as skilled as C as skilled like

Bs skilled as D so skilled than

5 This waiter is more polite than that one

A by far C lot of

B very D much

6 Kevin's injuries were than | feared

A the least serious C so serious

B less serious D alittle serious

7 The traffic in the city centre is becoming

A worse and worse C worse and worst

B worst and worse’ D_ far worst

GF Complete the second sentence so that it

1 I've never heard such an awful song THE This is the most awful song I’ve ever heard

2 Paul is the funniest student in my class AS

No other student in my class

3 lan's latest book wasn’t as exciting as the others LEAST

lan s latest bOOk cv cà,

4_ He is the best tennis player of all PLAYS

Hồ uc eee anyone else

5 Can’t you speak any louder than that?

LOUDEST

cu ‹Ả speak?

6 That vase costs the same amount of money as that mirror MUCH

That VaS6 COSTS .cceceeseeseseeceeesaveeetuseneees

7 | hadn’t expected the meal to be so delicious FAR

The meal WAS cuc nhu se,

8 John is the slowest runner of all SLOWLY

No one el§@_ co neo,

es ae

Le: Like — AS mg

⁄ - Like is used:

Z ¢ for similarities She paints like a professional artist a ñ

e with feel, look, smell, sound, taste + noun This material feels like sifk

¢ with nouns, pronouns or the -ing form to express similarity or contrast There’s no place like home No one can dance like her There’s nothing like swimming in the ocean,

* with accept, be known, describe, refer to, regard,

use They have accepted him as their new member

7 Fill in /ike or as

1 Annis a great singer No-one sings like her

2 Many people regard him an expert

3 That sounds a bird tapping the window

4 He looks exactly his twin brother Tom

5 The bus is late, usual

6 There’s nothing having hot soup on a

cold day

Speaking

Your friend has asked you to help him choose a place to stay during his university

studies In pairs, compare the three places

you have found, using the information below

£300 TIẾP month, a £149 a month, a £500 a month, a large furnished very small small furnished

single room with — furnished room in studio, 20-minute

a family, one the halls of walk to university, mile from residence, busy and noisy university, not 5-minute walk to area too noisy area university, very

quiet area A: The room in the halls of residence is the cheapest and nearest to the university

B: It is also in the quietest area but it is the smallest of all three places

Writing

Using your answers from the Speaking activity write an email to your friend comparing the three places

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Exclamations are words or sentences used to express

admiration, surprise, etc

To form exclamatory sentences we can use so, such (a/an),

what (a/an), how or a negative question

` What an amazing beach! The water is so clear!

How relaxing it must be to holiday there!

It’s such a nice place!

qT Look at the picture and say how the words

what, so, such and how are used in

exclamations What else can we use in

Really? I’m such/so happy for them!

| haven’t heard from Mary and Jean since they moved to Manchester

Me neither I’ve missed them so/such much!

Jamie has just got a big promotion

: What/What a fantastic news!

| want to make’a little dog house for my dog but | don’t know how

: Why don’t you check on the Internet?

’m sure you'll find such a/such useful information!

Perry says that Jack isn’t very bright

How/What an awful thing to say!

Ben volunteers with three different charities

Such a/What a thoughtful person he is!

3 Make exclamations using negative

They're lovely flOWe@rSÌ ào

He’s been so busy latelyl

: I'm sure you did Tara cooks

for lunch for two people

| know! It was such an expensive restaurant!

Alex has offered to helo me move house this weekend

¬ kind person he is!

Betty’s bought a new car

: ve seen Ìt I† looksS cooll Why don’t we go to Brighton for the weekend?

re excellent idea!

: Sally’s dog can fetch, roll over and do all sorts of tricks even though he’s only three months old

¬ eeteeeeaeneees clever he is!

Have you been to the new supermarket that opened in Smith Street?

: Actually, that’s where | do my shopping

now It sells everything at

low prices!

It rained the whole time we were on holiday!

" bad luok that wasl

| simply love Tom Hanks!

Me too He's great actor!

| don’t like Celeste’s new friend

Me neither rudely he behavesl

We were over at Tara and Michael's for

dinner the other night and we enjoyed a

fantastic meal

well!

Trang 21

house

cool!

| do all

s only

narket

2pping

ictor!

raves!

al’s for

oyed a

gì Choose the correct item

kateandrews@netmail.com clarasmith@netmail.com catching up

Hey Kate!

Just dropping a line to say “hi” It's been 1) such /such a

long time since we last spoke! | ran into Jane the other

day and she told me that you're coming back to London

next week 2) How/What great that is! It'll be 3) so/how

good to have you back! Anyway, why don’t we meet up

when you get back? We can go out for dinner | have

4) such/so fantastic news to tell you! Let me know

Clara

Tick (V) the correct exclamatory sentence

1 a How selfishly he acted! ⁄

b Such selfishly he acted) —

2 a lantitanice daytoday?

b Isn’titanice daytoday! ow 3 a The film was so disappointing! —

b What disappointing film itwasl .,

4 a What a useful advice he gave me!

b What useful advice he gave me! _

5 a Bobissuchafunny person! _

b How funny person Bobis! —

6 a Don’t Dion’s children behave well!

b Dion’s children behave well

7 a What lovely people the Smiths are!

b The Smiths are so lovely people! —

8 a Her new song will be such big hit!

b Her new song will be such a big hit!

y/) Rephrase the following sentences in as many ways as possible, as in the example 1 Elaine is such a clever person! Elaine is so clever! — How clever Elaine is! — What a clever person Elaine is! ~ Isn't Elaine a clever person! 2 What a wonderful view! Exclamations ‘| 8 Choose the correct item 1 “Did you like the chicken | made for dinner?” “Yes, it was delicious!” A sucha (B) so C how D such 2 “| can’t believe everyone in the office knows about my promotion already!” “| Know fast news travels!” A How B Such C What D So 3 “Evelyn says she got the highest mark in last week's maths test.” _ lie! | Know for a fact that she didn’t study at all.” A Whata B Sucha C So D What 4 “Look at the painting that Jim made.” “It’s beautiful amazing artist he is!” A How C Such an B What an D Whata 5 “How do you like your new house?” “We love it It has enormous garden!” A so C such an B such D what an 6 “Have you been to the new bakery?” “Yes, | have They make tasty bread!” A sucha B so C what D such 7 “Have you heard Bon Jovi’s new song?” “| was just listening to it great! | love it!” A Isn't it C sit B It isn’t D So it isn’t Speaking In pairs, look at the pictures and use the adjectives below to make exclamations in as many different ways as possible ¢ busy «cute ¢ tired ¢ beautiful

A What a cute kitten!

B: Isn’t it a cute kitten! etc

19

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(crew, orchestra, band, etc.)

¢ Some common nouns referring to people have the same form

for men and women (director, scientist, etc.)

Others have different forms: actor — actress, host — hostess, We'll have two steaks, a green salad with

waiter — waitress, (bride)groom - bride, hero — heroine, some tomatoes in it, a plate of French fries

nephew - niece, king - queen, lord — lady, etc

The Plural of Nouns Nouns are made plural by adding:

° -s to:

e -sto the noun (book — books)

¢ -es to nouns ending in -s, -ss, -x, -ch, -sh,

(lens — lenses, class — classes, box — boxes,

peach ~ peaches, bush — bushes)

¢ -jes to nouns ending in a consonant + -y

(country — countries, cherry - cherries)

e -sto nouns ending in a vowel + -y

(boy — boys, tray — trays)

e -es to nouns ending in -o

(hero — heroes, tomato — tomatoes)

Compound nouns form their plural by adding -s/-es:

¢ to the first noun if the compound consists of two

® to the second noun if the compound consists of

two nouns (notebook ~ notebooks)

to the noun if the compound consists of an

adjective and a noun (greenhouse — greenhouses)

Irregular plurals: man — men, woman — women, person — people, foot — feet, tooth - teeth, goose — geese, louse —

lice, mouse — mice, child ~ children, sheep — sheep, deer — deer, fish — fish, trout — trout, salmon — salmon, ox — oxen,

spacecraft — spacecraft, aircraft — aircraft, hovercraft - hovercraft, means —- means, species — species, series — series

Nouns are abstract (happiness, information, etc.) and concrete

(chair, team, etc.) Concrete nouns can also be proper (Helen,

France, California, etc.), common (fork, door, cat, etc.) and group and two glasses of mineral water, thank you

nouns ending in vowel + -o (studio — studios)

nouns ending in double o (kangaroo — kangaroos) shortened forms of nouns (kilogram/kilo — kilos)

musical instruments (piano ~ pianos)

proper nouns (Eskimo — Eskimos) Some nouns ending in o can take either -s or -es These

include: tornado — tornados/tornadoes, tuxedo — tuxedos/

tuxedoes, volcano — volcanos/volcanoes, etc

-ves to some nouns ending in -f/-fe (/eaf — leaves, half -

halves) BUT chief ~ chiefs, roof — roofs

nouns connected with a preposition or to the noun if

the compound has only one noun (mother-in-law - mothers-in-law, hanger-on — hangers-on)

at the end of the compound if it is not made up of any

nouns (drawback — drawbacks)

wal Look at the picture

a) Which of the nouns in bold in the speech bubble are in the singular?

b) Which are in the plural?

c) How are the plural nouns formed?

d) What other ways of forming the plural do you know?

2 | Write the plural of the words

drink drinks

POTATO .cQ nen ren

m@anS _ 2c

ÍOUSQ Q.00 nn nen nh

FACÌO QQnQQn HH nen nen

PANY eedeeeeeeeeeueee sa eeeeuaeeteaeeeeraeeenaneees

Trang 23

Uncountable nouns include:

mass nouns (fluids, solids, gases) blood, flour, beef, petrol, air, oxygen, etc

subjects ‹ of study ‘physics, geography, maths, home economics, linguistics, history, etc

languages | Spanish, French, English, German, etc

“games == | basketball, darts, cricket, billiards, football dominoes, etc

diseases | measles, flu, bronchitis, pneumonia, mumps, etc

natural phenomena — ‘fog, weather, hail, sunshine, darkness, “mm

collective nouns cutlery, furniture, jewellery, luggage, ‘machinery, money, ‘rubbish, etc

other nouns courage, dirt, education, evidence, homework, housework, information, knowledge,

Note:

|

Many uncountable nouns can be made countable when used with phrases of quantity such as: a piece, a bottle, etc

, Countable nouns are nouns which we can count

Nouns/Plurals - Countable/Uncountable/Plural/Group Nouns

Countable — Uncountable nouns They have singular and plural forms

one apple — two apples, one woman — two women They can be used alone or with a/an in the singular and some/any in the plural She likes oranges It’s an orange | need some carrots

Uncountable nouns are nouns which we cannot count

They do not have different plural forms and are not used with a/an

They can be used alone or with some, any, no, much, etc

Do you put (any) sugar in your coffee?

and people in a hurry

| accommodation, advice, anger, applause, assistance, behaviour, countryside, —

luck, news, peace, poultry, progress, seaside, shopping, traffic, etc

With expressions of duration, distance or money meaning ‘a whole amount’ we use a singular verb

Twenty euros is a lot to pay for a simple hamburger

We can use a/an, one, two, etc with nouns such as coffee, tea, etc when we order something

We'll have two coffees, please

a piece of cake/news/advice © a pot of yoghurt/honey/tea ¢ atube of toothpaste * an ice cube

¢ aglass/bottle of soda/water © acup/pot of coffee/tea ¢ aloaf/slice of bread s* a sheet of paper

° ajar of jam/honey * a pair of trousers/scissors ® a carton of milk ® a kilo of meat

® a packet oÍ rice/tea * a bar of chocolate/soap ¢ abowl of sugar/soup *® acanof cola

Some nouns are only followed by a plural verb These are: Group nouns (army, audience, class, club,

objects consisting of two parts: garments (jeans, shorts, etc.), instruments (binoculars, etc.), tools (scissors, pliers, etc.) The binoculars are in the bottom drawer

nouns such as: cattle, clothes, congratulations, earnings, outskirts, people, police, premises, stairs, surroundings,

wages, etc The company’s earnings have increased by

20% this year

committee, company, council, crew, crowd, family, government, press, public, staff, team, etc.) can

take either a singular or a plural verb depending

on whether we see the group as a whole or as

individuals The staff at Marco’s is very heipful (the

staff as a group) The staff at Marco’s are mostly

|

college students (individual members of the staff)

Look at the picture and the words in bold in the example

a) Which of the nouns in bold are countable?

b) Which are uncountable?

c) What can we use before countable and uncountable nouns?

d) Find one plural and one group noun

e) What other plural and group nouns can you remember?

21

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22

L3 Fill in: bottle, tube, loaf, can, jar and kilo in

the correct form

gì Fill in a, an or some

1 A: We’ve been cleaning the attic for an

hour Do you want to take

break?

B: Sure Let’s go outside to get

fresh air

2 A: What did you have for lunch?

B: | wasn’t very hungry; just apple and yoghurt

3 A: Did you Know Mrs Mosby’s son is

¬— architect?

B: He’s very famous He’s actualy

designed of the buildings in the

city centre

4 A: What pity the snow has melted!

B: lsnt i2? I wanted to make_

enormous snowman!

5 A: Ils Brad going to sell his car?

B: Yes, he’s placed ad in the local

paper

6 A: Would you likê tea?

B: No l've just had cup, thanks

Ÿ A: Why don'† you order omelette?

B: | can’t | have allergy to eggs

8 A: Can you lend me sugar? l’ve

: l agree In fact, I have 2) ideas as

to what he’d like

: Me too | know he needs 3) new mobile

: Yes, he’s shown me the one he wants but

is 4) oe, expensive phone | can’t afford to spend that much

: Oh, OK Why don’t we get him 8}

subscription to his favourite magazine?

: | like that | know he can’t find it in 6) local shop and has to go to town to buy it

7: Then we’ll save him the trouble of doing

that

: True We'll get him 7) annual

subscription to Technology Today, then

: Great II go online to find 8) information about cost, methods of payment and so on

Read the news bulletin and underline the correct item

rere

tor Local Teens

he local council 1) have/has decided

to open more sports facilities for young people in the area Youth groups

2) are/is very happy about the plans and a Premier League football team 3) is/are coming to open the new leisure

centre next year Local politicians

4) have/has been campaigning for new facilities for years, and councillors 5) is/are pleased to have finally reached

an agreement on the issue The recent

success of the Olympic Games helped

the mayor run a successful campaign It

seems that even now after the Olympics, the public 6) is/are still excited by sport

in the community Members of the council sports committee 7) are/is now

working on proposals for a new athletics

track

fl rtm Si

Trang 25

"Shall | pour you a glass of iced tea? (a container for drinking)

The artist makes » Sculptures out of glass (the material)

: He bought a paper to read on his way to work (a newspaper) |

¡ Can you teach me how to make paper planes? (the material)

4 can’t read the small print on this package | need to put

| my glasses on (spectacles)

Don’t sign any papers before a lawyer checks them out

Sue has let her hair grow very y long (all the hair on her head)|

| first (documents) = 7 | | There are dog hairs all over the sofa (single hairs) |

| Is this bookcase made of wood? (the material)

| Add some chocolate to the cake mixture (the ingredient)

We can go ona picnic in the woods tomorrow (the forest)

| How long have you been out of work? (employment) | Penelope studies the works of ancient philosophers, (sth

| produced by a writer, an artist or a musician)

Choose the correct word

1 a | found two hairs/hair in my soup and |

went straight to the restaurant manager

to complain

b What shampoo do you use that keeps

your hair/hairs so soft and shiny?

2 a This month the local gallery is hosting

an exhibition of different work/works by

b Melt the chocolate/chocolates in the microwave oven before you add it to the cake mixture

4 a The restaurant had a glasses/glass

ceiling, which offered an amazing view

of the stars

b My optician says | need new glasses/

glass

Patrick has ten years of experiences/

experience in the field of customer service

b Chris and Stephen have shared some amazing experience/experiences over the years

I’ve been to Spain a lot of times/time

b Do you have times/time to grab some lunch?

110 Fill in: a, an, some, ís, are

1 What a shame there are no tickets for the play left!

2 Jacob’s bought iron on offer at the appliance shop

3 My piano teacher says I’ve made progress over the last two weeks

4 The measles a disease that can spread from one person to another

5 Jessica believes that the outskirts of the City we a nice place to live in

6 10 kilometres too far for me to go

on foot; let’s catch a bus to the city centre

7 The wages he earns as a factory worker

kh ve enough to provide a comfortable living for him

8 Janet's hair short and curly

9 The travel experiences he describes in his

13 Visiting Rome gave him excellent

opportunity to practise his Italian

14 | think linguistics a fascinating

subject

23

Trang 26

| Nouns/Plurals - Countable/Uncountable/Plural/Group Nouns

Ñ J

24

(i Fill in a, an or some

1 a Make sure you arrange some

accommodation before you go away

b Make sure you book a room before you

go away

2 a They served us excellent meal at

the new restaurant

b They served us excellent food at the new restaurant

3 a | bought wonderful furniture at

that department store

b | bought wonderful sofa at that

department store

4 a Tom has very stressful job

b Tom has important work to do today

5 a Would you like to listen to music?

b Wouid you like to listen to nice new song?

6 a Would you like drink?

b Would you like lemonade?

7 a [l found five-pound note in the

Street the other day

b Ifound money in the street the other day

8 a Can you get me ground beef and

five or six buns from the supermarket?

I’m making burgers for lunch

b If you get to the restaurant before me, can you order me beef steak and

a plate of chips?

1 The news is/are on every night at six o'

clock

2 The food at the party was/were delicious

3 in my opinion, economics is/are a very

boring subject

4 Be careful! The stairs is/are very steep

5 Darts is/are a great game that requires a

steady hand and a good aim

6 The pyjamas was/were too small, so |

didn’t buy them

7 £200,000 isn’t/aren’t enough to buy a

large family house in London these days

8 Michael’s advice was/were what helped

We’re out of milk

: Are we? But | bought a 2-litre

: Ï bought a of bread

and some biscuits

What are you wearing to the garden party? of jeans and a shirt What shall we make for dessert?

Well, | have a Of rice and lots of milk We can make rice pudding : How much yoghurt should | use to make the salad dressing?

: If you aren’t making much, just half a

¬ eeseeaeesaeeeneeeanes will be enough

14 Choose the correct item,

1 At the end of the play, the audience was/ were asked to check under their seats for

a surprise

The police has not/have not released details about the case yet

The crew of the cruise ship are/ is checking

every cabin to find a small dog that has gone missing

Poultry need/needs less time to cook than red meat

The committee is/are in disagreement as

to what course of action to follow,

My family always spend/spends the holidays in the same summer resort

The band have/has been signing autographs

all afternoon

The pliers you’re using are/is old and rusty; you won’t be able to cut the wire.

Trang 27

Nouns/Plurals - Countabie/Uncountable/Plural/Group Nouns

“I can’t believe you have a set of dominoes!”

“Why not? Dominoes a fun game.”

A has been B are C is

“Can you give me advice on how to

remove a virus from my computer?”

“Sure, no problem.”

A apiece B an C some

“Help me lay the table for dinner, please.”

“OK Where the cutlery?”

A is there B are © is

“Let’s make some ice cream.”

“We can’t We finished the last of milk this morning.”

A carton B can C jar

“They've offered Alex unique opportunity

to study abroad.”

“That’s fantastic! Will he take it?”

A an Ba C some

“Look at that actress’s diamond necklace!”

“Wow! I’m sure all the jewellery she’s

wearing worth thousands of pounds.”

A are being B are C is

“| can’t find my tennis shorts.”

“| think in your drawer Check in there.”

A they are B itis C it has been

“Won’t you have problems with the language when you move to Italy?”

“No, Italian easy to learn.”

A are B was C is

“Do you think he'll go to jail?”

“Yes, | believe the evidence against him.”

Finish the sentences, as in the example

1 He's got short dark hair

His hair is short and dark

2 She got to work late because of the heavy traffic She got to work late because the

TAPES ec eccccseceseceseeusseesueeuseseaeaneeecueres ;

3 The island offers reasonably-priced accommodation The accommodation on the island - cuc nh nh nhe,

4 The resort is in tropical surroundings

The resort surroundings

5 You'll find trousers on the second floor, sir me

6 Some police officers are advising young people in our school on road safety The POLICE oe eeecececccceseeeeeeeeaseeeeuueeuaueeseneeraness

7 Paul likes physics more than any other subject Phy§iCS_

Speaking

You and your friend are going to the supermarket Look at the list below and decide what you need to buy

S3 11, Vua 0 0o

SHOPPING LIST

bread X\ banana Vv milk v

A: What do we need from the supermarket?

B: Well, we’ve got two loaves of bread so we won't buy any

How about milk?

B: We need two cartons Do we need bananas?

Writing Use your answers from the Speaking activity and write a note to your mum

Here’s what we need from the supermarket:

- two cartons of milk

Trang 28

both and Sue is both friendly and caring Both lan and Ron are going to the meeting tomorrow

too David likes jazz music He enjoys classical music toa

besides (this/that) Learning a foreign language is very useful Besides this, it’s a lot of fun

moreover My new flat is big and, moreover, it’s a five-minute walk from work Your essay is too short Moreover, it

contains some inaccurate information

what is more Hybrid cars are friendly to the environment What is more, they’re economical to run

in addition (to) In addition to serving excellent meals, the restaurant offers great service

also He’s an actor and also directs films Dogs are very clever animals Also, they’re very loyal

as well as (this/that) You need to exercise as well as watching your diet if you want to lose weight

furthermore Ronald is a very kind person Furthermore, he has a good sense of humour

so (+ auxiliary verb + noun/pronoun) “! love Spielberg’s new film.” “So do I.”

either Lisa hasn’t accepted our invitation and Mandy hasn‘t either

Write the sentences in your notebook joining them in as many ways as possible using the words

in brackets

1 Demi has a pet cat She has a dog too 5 Mary is beautiful She is also intelligent

(and/also/as well) (both and/too/as well as)

Demi has a pet cat and a dog Demi has a 6 Fred works as an interpreter for the United

pet cat and she also has a dog Demi has a Nations His sister does too (both and/ pet cat Also, she has a dog Demi has a pet so/and)

cat as well as a dog As well as having a pet 7 | enjoy watching TV | enjoy reading books

cat, Demi also has a dog (as well as/and/also)

2 Exercising is good for the body It also helps 8 Buses aren’t running tomorrow Trains aren’t improve a bad mood (in addition to/what is running (neither nor/either/neither)

miora/tee) 9 | don’t really need a new laptop | can’t afford

3 Jack isn’t going camping Ed isn’t going as one (besides this/what is more/also)

well (either/neither nor/and neither) 10 Digital cameras have dropped in price They

4 Sue can’t stand messy people She doesn’t

tolerate laziness (either/moreover/also)

Z Contrast

but Alex is clever but tends to be dishonest at times

now have higher resolution too (furthermore/ moreover/besides this)

although/even though/though/in spite of the fact that/despite the fact that (+ clause) We went for a picnic although/even though/though/in spite of the fact that/despite the fact that it was raining

in spite of/despite (+ noun/gerund) We went for a picnic in spite of/despite the rain/raining

while/whereas Manny loves extreme sports while/whereas his brother prefers more relaxing activities

on the other hand Camping offers a cheap holiday alternative On the other hand, it isn’t very comfortable

however/nevertheless Crisps are a tasty snack However/Nevertheless, they’re full of fat and salt

yet (formal) She has many friends Yet, she sometimes feels very lonely

still Jason realised Mary found his remarks offensive Still, he didn’t apologise to her

Trang 29

Smart phones have more features than 5 Peter was tired He watched the late film regular mobiles but they’re more expensive (despite/although/despite the fact)

While smart phones have more features 6 Sharon promised to help out at the charity

than regular mobiles, they're more bazaar She never showed up (even though/

expensive Smart phones have more yet/despite) features than regular mobiles On the other 7 Skydiving i iti t |

hand, they're more expensive Skydiving is an exciting sport It can be very

dangerous (on the other hand/

2 We can fly to Birmingham instead of driving nevertheless/though) It'll cost a lot more (however/though/still)

3 They went ahead with their hike The weather We'll do our best (still/yet/although)

was freezing cold (in spite of/but/while)

LIF Giving examples

¢ such as/like His new book is about ancient civilisations such as/like the Romans and the Egyptians

¢ for example/for instance Modern technology has improved many aspects of modern life Means of transport, for

instance/for example, are now faster and safer

especially Some of her books, especially her earlier works, are much funnier than others

¢ in particular/particularly A number of shops in the town offer early discounts, in particular/particularly those on

* because She can’t have seafood because she’s allergic to it

\° because of/on account of/due to (+ noun) The plane didn’t take off because of/on account of/due to engine failure

° because of/on account of/due to the fact that (+ clause) Mr Peterson was absent from work because of/on

account of/due to the fact that he was ill

_ ¢ for this reason Her acting is excellent and for this reason she has won many awards

They called off the match due to the fact that (due to the fact that/for this reason/

it was raining because)

2 We can't go on holiday There's too much 7 There are many places to visit in the city The

work to do (since/as/for this reason) art gallery has an excellent collection of

3 | couldn’t go to work There was a strike paintings (for example/for instance/

(because of/since/so) especially)

4 Paul didn’t go out He had a lot of homework 8 Some animals can be trained to obey (because/since/so) commands Dogs are a good example

(such as/in particular/for instance)

27

Trang 30

28

Linking words

Condition

if We'll spend a few days in Brighton if we can take time off work

whether/whether or /‘// check whether we have any milk in the fridge It'll take you 30 minutes to reach the port, whether you go by bus or train

only if We’il go the cinema only if you promise to let me choose the film

in case of / always keep my phone with me in case of emergency

in case [+ present tense (present/future)/+ past tense (past)] /‘l/ take my umbrella with me in case it rains

(NOT: in-ease-tt-wit-rain) | took my football to the park in case the boys wanted to play

provided/providing (that) You can leave early today provided/providing that you make up the time tomorrow

unless (= if not) /’/ open the window unless you're feeling cold

as/so long as (= if) /‘/ come to the shops with you so/as long as we’re back by 5:00

otherwise Keep the food in the fridge otherwise it won’t stay fresh

or (else) They’ve agreed to replace the faulty DVD player or else give me a full refund

on condition (that) Chris lent james 50€ on condition that he paid it back in a week

Exception

except (for) / like all of the films in the series except for the last one

apart from Kerry is free to meet you any day this week, apart from Saturday

but for The restaurant was empty but for a few customers

to-infinitive She called home to check on the children,

so that [+ can/will (present/future)/+ could/would (past)] Leave the key under the mat so that | can get in We took the underground so that we wouldn't get stuck in traffic

so as (not) to (formal) He didn’t say anything so as not to spoil the surprise

in order (not) to (formal) Harry phoned the hotel in order to confirm his reservation

in order that She worked all weekend in order that she could finish her essay on time

in case [+ present tense (present/future)/+ past tense (past)] /‘// give you a call in case you want to come

She brought a hat in case it was sunny outside

Effect/Result it

such a/an + adj + singular count noun that She is such a pleasant person that everyone likes her

such + adj + plural/uncount noun that They’re such good friends that they’ve never argued It was such nice weather that we went for a swim

so + adj/adv /’m so hungry that | could eat anything She speaks so quickly that | can’t understand her

so She forgot to put salt in the sauce so it wasn’t tasty

consequently The local factory closed down and consequently many people lost their jobs Adam didn’t work very hard on his school project Consequently, he got a low mark for it

as a result (of) Many marine animals died as a result of the oil spill The company made an enormous profit As a result, all employees got a pay rise

therefore His computer is brand-new and therefore much faster than mine Demand for the play was very high

Therefore, they put on an extra show

for this reason Traffic is terrible in the city For this reason, many people use public transport

Trang 31

order to/to) 5 He whispered He didn’t want to be heard

She got up early so as to/in order to do (so as not to/so that/in order not to) some revision before her first class She got 6 The exam was easy Many students passed

up early to do some revision before her first (so that/such that/as a result) class 7 He took a map He didn’t want to get lost

2 Mike’s interview went well He got the job (so that/in case/in order that) (consequently/as a result/therefore)

switched it off (so/for this reason/therefore)

—

when (time conjuction + present/past tense) Melissa visited the Prado Museum when she went to Madrid BUT I’m not sure when he will publish his new book (when = question word + future tense)

whenever (= every time) Whenever | visit my grandmother , | buy her a bunch of her favourite flowers

as (+ clause) As she was working on her computer, she felt a sudden pain in her wrist

as soon as The baby started crying as soon as his mother left the room

while (+ clause) Anna was cooking dinner while her sister was laying the table

before (before a past time) Maria had prepared lunch before the children arrived home from school

until/till (= up to the time when) The doctors won't discharge him from the hospital until/till his injuries have healed completely,

after (+ -ing/noun/pronoun) Sam felt exhausted after working in the garden all morning He came home after work You can go after you finish the project

since (starting point) /t’s been raining heavily since last night

for (duration) / have known John for five years

8 He did a good job Everyone congratulated him

3 There was nothing interesting on TV He on it (such that/so that/consequently)

Place

where This is the village where | grew up

wherever (= in any or every place) The /ecturer told the students to sit wherever they liked

-

6 |

Fill in: when, where, while, wherever, until, since, for, before, after, as soon as

1 Alan will be thrilled when he hears the good news

2 Jim tends to take lots of photographs he goes

3 Paul was swimming in the pool Jenny was sunbathing

4 Bethany can’t remember she’s parked her car

5 Irene is watering her friend's plants she returns from her holidays

6 They washed the dishes they ate dinner

7 Brett has been working here he graduated

8 Have you been waiting long?

9 The Smiths won’t move house the children leave school

0 She left for Hawali she retired

29

Trang 32

(ll

Z Relatives

who Mr Rossi, who owns the local Italian restaurant, is an award-winning chef

whom She met up with her old classmate with whom she hadn’t been in touch for years

whose / had a word with the neighbour whose dog keeps barking all night

which Vicky wants to buy a car which has low-running costs

that You should rent a flat that is close to the university campus

Fill in: who, whose, which, whom

Cynthia, who is the eldest in the family, looks after her younger siblings when their parents are out

We can watch the comedy is on Chamnel 9

Jane is a friend support has helped me through difficult times

Mark met a lo† of people at the conference, some of he had worked with in the past The poem, Hayley had written herself, was very funny

¢ initially Initially, we need to think of a plan of action

first/firstly First/Firstly, | want to say thank you to all my friends

at first At first, the event organisers had to think of a venue for the fundraiser

e

* to start/begin with To start/begin with, you need to develop your ideas much more

* first of all First of all, peel the vegetables and cut them into small pieces

To continue:

* then Turn right on Cowper Street Then, take the first street to your left

second/secondly Second/Secondly, make sure you allow yourself enough time for breaks

after this/that Paint the undercoat and after that leave it to dry fully

afterwards Set yourself a fitness plan and afterwards make sure you follow it

next Next, put the fish in a frying pan and cook for 10 minutes

To conclude:

® in the end /n the end, you'll see the results of your diet

eventually Eventually, | managed to overcome my fear of heights

lastly Lastly, decide the main stages of the plot, and start writing

finally Finally, remove from the oven and serve

menial

in conclusion ín conclusion, evidence shows us that the cause is a combination of factors

in summary Ín summary, the issue needs further research and discussion

to sum up To sum up, we can see that this is still a very delicate issue

on the whole On the whole, the project was worth it

all in all All in all, we really enjoyed this film and recommend it to our viewers

altogether Altogether, | don’t think that the Mayor has done enough about fighting crime

in short Jn short, | don’t feel that | can support this proposal

8 Replace the items in bold with a word/phase from the list

s eventually * on the whole * to begin with * afterwards * to sum up

1 Initially, you should plan the route you want 4 In summary, the evidence appears to show

to follow To begin with us some interesting new trends

2 Finally, the Brazilian team won the game with

3 Check your essay for mistakes After this,

hand it in to your teacher

BQ teeta

Trang 33

8 Choose the correct word

In spite of/Although/Despite it was late,

they went to the cinema

He doesn’t know where/when/wherever

his dog ran off to

The fair was great fun! | for instance/

especially/altogether liked going on the roller coaster

Hang-gliding is an exciting sport All in all/

However/Although, it’s quite dangerous

l’ll let you go out with your friends so that/

as long as/unless you tidy your room first

| stayed in bed because/so/due to | was ill

We'll go to bed early in particular/so that/

in case we won't be tired tomorrow

| went to the post office in order/only if/

so that to post some letters

Neither Bea or/nor/either Mae is athletic

Samantha studies at the local college and/

but/also has a part-time job

[i Replace the words in bold with appropriate

synonyms from the list

e yet ¢soasto ein particular ¢ what is more

® as long as * to sum up

1 Dave likes horror films, whereas Sean doesn’t while

In short, the event was a disaster

You can go to the dance as long as you’re

back by midnight

She’s away on a business trip and

therefore she can’t attend the meeting

l’ll drive you to work providing you’re ready on time

He’s got a car However, he walks to work

every day

He likes sports, especially swimming

We went shopping After that, we had lunch

They left home early in order to be at the cinema on time

Moreover, computers save time when it comes to shopping

Linking words

Complete the second sentence so that it

Although it rained heavily, the parade went ahead as planned HEAVY

D@Spi[G 00 HH nho ; the parade went ahead as planned

Kate didn't get the job because she was inexperienced DUE

Kate didn't get the job:

Milk is not only good for your teeth but it also helps your bones become strong

ADDITION

II good for your teeth, milk helos your bones become strong

Manny and Jerry argued yesterday so they aren't talking to each other BECAUSE Manny isn’t talking to Jerry-

"¬ argument they had yesterday

Missing the last bus meant that Mary had

to walk home RESULT Mary missed the last bus and HH» TK cette kg kg ky she had to walk home Firstly, your friends and family can reach you at any time BEGIN

TU , your friends and family can reach you at any time

Adam will take part in the play only if he gets the main role CONDITION

Adam will take part in the play_

¬ he gets the main role Nigel is the captain of the football team and

also leads the college’s brass band WELL

Nigel is the captain of the football team

HH kg TK xà the college’s brass band

Anya went to the opera with her friend despite her bad cold EVEN

Anya went to the opera with her friend

¬ e eee eee een eeeeaeeeesaeeeea nessa eeeeanees bad cold The event was a great success and

everyone talked about it for days SUCH

IS cnh.:íci

Shawn might want to come to the concert

too so get an extra ticket CASE

Get an extra ticket cà,

Trang 34

Prefixes are syllables which we add before certain words to form new words The meaning of the new word

depends on the prefix that has been used

anti- = against (antibacterial)

bi- = two (bilingual)

co- = with, together (co-exist)

counter- = opposing or reacting to sth (counterproductive)

ex- = previous, former (ex-member)

inter- = between or among (intercontinental)

mis- = done wrongly or badly (misunderstand)

mono- = one (monorail)

multi- = many (multipurpose)

non- = not (non-smoker)

out- = more, better (outrun)

over- = too much; more than (overweight)

post- = after (postwar)

pre- = before/in advance (prepaid)

pro- = in favour of (pro-British)

re- = again (reunite)

semi- = half (semicircle)

sub- = under, less (subzero)

super- = big, more (supercomputer)

trans- = (travel) from one side, group, etc to another (trans-siberian)

tri- = three (triangle) under- = not enough (undervalue) uni- = one (unicycle)

The prefixes below are used to express opposite meanings

de- decompose, deforestation

dis- discomfort, disapprove

in- insensitive, incomplete BUT il- (before 1) illegible im- (before b, m, p) impersonal, immature ir- (before r) irregular

BUT unreal, unreserved un- unhappy, unfortunately Some prefixes are added to words to form verbs

enlarge — enlarge BUT em- (before b, m, p) power — empower

Suffixes i Suffixes are syllables which we add to the end of certain words to form new words

¢ Nouns referring to people

— verb + -er/-or/-ar

(paint — painter, invent — inventor, lie — liar)

— noun/verb/adjective + -ist

(novel- novelist, type — typist, real — realist)

— verb + -ant/-ent (participate — participant,

study — student)

- noun + -ian (library — librarian)

— verb + -ee (passive meaning) (train — trainee)

¢ Nouns formed from verbs

-age waste — wastage

-al deny — denial

-ance perform — performance

-ation narrate — narration

-ence occur — occurrence

-ion elect — election

-ment require — requirement

-sion permit — permission (verbs ending in -d/-t)

-sis base — basis

-tion reduce — reduction

-ure sculpt — sculpture

-y discover - discovery

¢ Nouns formed from adjectives

-ance important — importance

-cy accurate — accuracy

-ence present — presence

-ion complete — completion

-iness easy — easiness

-ness /oud — loudness

-ity regular — regularity -ty casual ~ casualty -y jealous — jealousy

* Adjectives formed from nouns -ous glamour — glamorous -al option — optional

-ÏC economy — economic

-ical history — historical

-ish child — childish -ive mass — massive -ful (with) skill — skilful -less (without) care — careless -able comfort — comfortable

-y storm — stormy -ly mother — motherly

¢ Adjectives formed from verbs -able rely — reliable

-ible convert - convertible (verbs ending in -d/-t) -ive restrict — restrictive

-ate consider — considerate -ent excel — excellent

¢ Verbs formed from adjectives

-en sweet — sweeten -ise legal — legalise

¢ Verbs formed from nouns

-en strength — strengthen

-ify beauty — beautify

Trang 35

Fill in the correct form of the words in bold

by forming nouns referring to people

1 Adam’s brother is a professional musician

(MUSIC)

2 Greg speaks six different languages and

WOrKS AS A(D} chen at the French embassy (TRANSLATE)

3 Mr Smithers has hired a new personal

KH TT TK g KT TH HT nh KT cu (ASSIST)

4 James and Lilly have asked a concert

¬— to play at their wedding (PIANO)

5 Mark does his job so well that the company named him of the year (EMPLOY)

6 Mickey wants to be cà,

when he grows up (FOOTBALL)

by forming nouns from verbs

1 We had to write a detailed analysis of a character from a Shakespearean play

(ANALYSE)

2 There was a three-hour delay in the

"— of our flight (DEPART)

3 Choosing what style of clothes to wear

Should be a matter of personal

(PREFER)

4 Tom's to apologise to Jenny has made her even angrier with him (REFUSE)

5S According to the witnesses’

it was the red car that caused the accident

(STATE)

6 All my about who would win the awards were wrong! (PREDICT) Fill in the correct form of the words in bold

by forming nouns from adjectives

1 Robert felt great pride and happiness when

his son got his doctorate from university

(HAPPY)

2 There was complete

in the exam room (SILENT)

3 Considering the of

the situation, we should think carefully before

reaching a decision (GOMPLEX)

4 Sarah's and understanding make her a great friend (KIND)

5 Since they fixed the major roads in our town,

LÔ vu cv ve of accidents has dropped dramatically (FREQUENT)

6 The students had

answering some of the exam questions

(DIFFICULT)

4

Word formation

by forming adjectives from nouns

1 Jason was furious when he found out about his friena’s lies (FURY)

2 Although it was quite warm yesterday,

today is a cool and day (CLOUD)

ở There W€r@ .cccằ walls surrounding the medieval castle (MASS)

family (ARTIST)

5 Don’t worry, my dog won’t bite you; he’s

completely (HARM)

6 Don†you think it was rather

of Ben to quit his job before getting a new

one? (FOOL)

by forming adjectives from verbs

1 It was very considerate of Henry to drive us

to the airport (CONSIDER)

2 The beach is easily cà, from the hotel (ACCESS)

3 Science has made progress thanks to modern technology (REMARK)

4 With many years of experience in his field, dohn has a truly

by forming the opposites of the words

given

1 It was dishonest of Eve to hide the fact that

she broke your laptop (HONEST)

2 The hero in the film managed to

¬ the bomb seconds before it exploded (ACTIVATE)

3 SAM was$ as to whether

he should take his friend’s advice or not (SURE)

4 The waiter was extremely and certainly didn’t deserve the big tip that you left for him (POLITE)

5 | think shorts and sports shoes are

kh KT KT Ty TH kh kh ren to wear at a wedding

6 Í[ÍS Qui to drive without wearing a seatbelt (LEGAL) 33

Trang 36

34

Present simple vs Present

continuous

a) Read the emails and underline the verbs

in the present simple and the present

continuous How do we form the negative

and interrogative of these tenses?

b) Which verb form expresses: an action

happening at or around the time of speaking?

a gradually developing situation? a routine or

habit? a timetable? a fixed arrangement in the

near future? a permanent situation?

c) What other uses of the present simple and

the present continuous can you think of?

Dear Sue,

I'm writing because | want to share my exciting news

with you I’ve just got a big promotion I am now in

charge of the London office What’s even better is that

I'm moving to London on 20" April I've been looking

at different flats since the moment | found out about

the promotion and | found this place that looks great

and is closer to where you live Isn’t it great that we'll

be neighbours! Now we'll be able to meet more often

than once or twice a year | can’t wait

‘ Hey Megan!

I'm so happy about your news! |’ve already planned

the things we're going to do together For starters,

you can come to the yoga class | go to twice a week

And now that the weather is getting warmer, we hold

our sessions at the local park It’s such an amazing

feeling! We'll have the best of times

Are you flying to London? If so, let me know so | can |

pick you up

It's been such a long time since we last met | just can’t |

wait to see you

a) What is a stative verb? Circle the stative

verbs in the emails

b) The verb look appears in both a

continuous and a simple form in the emails

How does its meaning differ? Give three

more examples of verbs whose meaning

changes depending on whether they are

used in a simple or a continuous form

Present perfect vs Present perfect

continuous a) Read the emails again and find examples of: a recently completed action - an action that started in the past and lasted for some time but the result is still visible - an action that happened at an unstated time in the past b) What tenses are used? What other uses

of these tenses can you think of?

Put the verbs in brackets in the correct present tense

1 Nomadic tribes (travel) around the African deserts for hundreds of years 2_ Be quiet, pleasel The baby (sleep)

N` chen nh kkknkkeokksee Là ỦỂ xà (you/do) your

b) Find a noun that can be both countable an uncountable but with a difference in meanin How does the meaning change depending o whether it is countable or uncountable? Thin

of three more such nouns.

Trang 37

Look! The baby for the very first time

A crawls C has been crawling

B is crawling D crawl

The jeans in the shop window very nice

A are looking C have looked

B looks D look What’s that noise? It’s getting

A loud and loud C louder and loudest

B more and more loud D louder and louder Can you help me? | to set up the printer for

an hour and it’s still not working

A ’ve been trying C ’ve just tried

B ’m trying D try Everyone accepted Martha and Stewart’s

wedding invitation from Kathy

A except B apart C but D whereas I’ve just made a fresh of tea Would you like

some?

A tub B carton C pot D jar Our flight takes off in three hours and you a single thing yet!

A haven't packed C don’t pack

B haven't been packing D aren’t packing

Samantha always her own shoes and ball

when we go bowling

A is bringing C has brought

B brings D has been bringing

Jacob won a free holiday to Fiji lucky he js!

A How B So C Such D What

| to work tomorrow The buses are on

A very B alot C byfar D bit

The weather is nice sunny today

A but B also C and OD i ssill

Your eyes look red and puffy, ?

A_ have you just cried C have you been crying

B do you cry D you are crying

Trevor when we watch a film together even

though I’ve repeatedly told him that it annoys

me

A has often talked

B has usually been talking

The earlier we book a flight, prices we'll find

A acheap C the cheapest

B the cheaper D acheaper

My boss says | can take a week off work as

| finish my project by Friday

A is getting C are getting

B have got D gets Dan can’t come skiing with us because he his leg

(discover) a previously unknown, tribe after

2) -.- -.c - i00 00v 55c v2: (examine) satellite images

D This discovery is great news for the scientific

community Dut 1) 0.0.0 eeeeeerees are many people who believe we should 2)

(leave) such tribes alone and not force them to come into contact 3) co ray the modern world unless they wish to do so

In an 22.1.1612 :

XK J

35

Trang 38

2P Prepositions of place | ' F Í

¢ in front of * outside * among * next/by/beside ¢ from to ¢ through * along * onto * out of

eon eunder * below ¢ against * behind * to/towards/in the direction of

* opposite * at e around/round ¢ near

cities (London), towns (York), the country, a street, the suburbs, the middle of, the centre of, a queue, a line,

a row, a hospital, a hotel, a book, a newspaper, an armchair, danger, the sky, the park

Idioms with in: cash, pen, ink, pencil, writing, one’s opinion, one’s hand, a way, the end A

house number (at 23 Oxford St), home, work, school, university, the station, the bus stop, the airport, ‘

the crossroads, the seaside, the door, the match, the bottom of, the top of (BUT on top of), a hotel, a table, 4

the floor, the outskirts, a platform, foot, the streets, the way, the pavement, a wall, rivers (the River Seine), t

the border, a farm, the screen, an island, a beach, the coast, the right, the left, a trip, the menu y

Idioms with on: holiday, business, a journey, a trip, TV, the radio, the phone, the market (= available to the ki public), purpose, the way (= as | was going) ¢ bus, taxi, car, helicopter, plane, train, coach, ship, boat, air, sea Ì

by BUT we say: on a / the bus, plane, train, coach, ship, boat, in a taxi, car, helicopter, plane i Idioms with by: mistake, accident, chance i

„ ae ; I,

Compare: Tom is sitting in the café (He’s inside the place) He’s at the café (He’s drinking something) /

{

Trang 39

Prepositions of place/movement/time - Time words

ÄÌ Underline the correct

preposition

1 | think the table would look

better between/among these two armchairs

2 They are building a new bridge

through/across the river

3 If you go along/past the town

hall and turn the corner, you'll find the post office

4 I'll wait for you in front of/on

top of the cinema

5 We stepped into/onto the

train moments before it left the station

6 I’m sure I've left my keys in/

at my jacket

7 Why don’t you get out of/off

town for the weekend?

8 We were all sitting at/on the

table when the doorbell rang

9 The sign against/above the

door said the restaurant was under new management

10 Scott walked up/down the

stairs to the basement to check the boiler

KĨ Fill in the gaps with in front of,

=== behind, under, between, in,

above, next to or on

My neighbour has a beautiful living

room It has a large fireplace

†) the fireplace there

Ì§ a picture 2}

the fireplace there is a coffee table

WHICH sits 3) two

large sofas 4) c the

coffee table, there is a vase with

flowers B) it There

iS a Chair 6) wc one of

the sofas, and 7)

the chair there is a small table with a

lamp on it There is also a beautiful

rủg on the floor 8)

the coffee table

Gi Complete the dialogues using in, at, on or by

1 A: What are you planning to do holiday?

B: Well, first we’re going to travel to the coast train, and then we’re going a cruise

2 A: I’mrunning late Can you meet me the cinema? B: Of course If I’m not outside, I’ll be standing

the queue

3 A: Can you believe this house is the market for such a low price?

B: | know? And it’s the centre of the city

4A: II pick yoU Up the station

B: Great I'll be the 6 o’clock train from London

5 A: Who was that the phone?

B: A wrong number They dialled us mistake

6 A: We can’t go any further car

B: I'll guess we'll have to continue foot

7 A: When we were London we took a trip the River Thames

B: | couldn’t have done that | get seasick boats

8 A: Excuse mel Can | pay for this credit card?

B: I’m afraid not You can only pay cash

9 A: | just heard the radio that they’re planning to build a new shopping centre the city

B: my opinion, we already have enough

10 A: Hi David I’m home Where’s dad? Is he still work? B: Yes And Jenny is the bus coming home She’s just called,

Kì Choose the correct item

10

There’s a new restaurant opening the park

A between B opposite C against The ball went the fence

A over B through C along

Can you put the groceries the table, please?

A on B in C at

We found shelter from the rain a tree

A under B above C around The train went some beautiful scenery

A over B beside C past Don’t run the street It’s dangerous

A at B across C from Simon was so tired that he had to lean the wall to catch his breath

A_ against B beside C behind

We have to get the train at the next stop

A to B off C up The radio stopped working as we drove the tunnel

A along B down C through

My mum planted some flowers a tree in our garden

A round B among C above

37

Trang 40

at + clock time (at 70:30, at noon, at| in + part of day (in the morning, in the on + day (on Monday, on New

evening, in the afternoon, in the night)

at + meal time (at /unch, at dinner, at in + month/season/year (in january, int on + date (on July 30th)

(the) winter, in 2002, in the nineteenth’ on + season/day + part of day

night, at midnight)

breakfast)

Phrases: at that time, at the moment,| century)

at the weekend, at noon, at night

BUT on the weekend: American English) month/year Phrases: in two hours/in a week/few days/ night)

YearS Day)

: (on a summer afternoon, on Friday

We never use at, in or on before yesterday, tomorrow, tonight, next, this, last, every He's leaving next Sunday

@ Underline the correct item

1 The film starts at/in 7 o’clock tonight

2 I’m going to Spain on/in August for my

5 | start my new job on/at Monday morning

6 It’s important to eat a healthy breakfast

in/on the morning

7 We’re having a picnic at/on the weekend

8 My parents are leaving for their round-the-

world trip on/ in two days

9 |’m studying in/at the moment

10 The carnival is held in/on June 20th

ago/before

4 ago: back in time from now She moved away three

years ago (three years back in time from now)

before: back in time from then / saw her last week but

| met her for the first time a month before (a month

before last week when | saw her)

6 Fill in : ago, before

† | haven'† been to this restaurant ‘

2_ Mum left for work a few minutes 3

3 Bob moved to a new house three months

4 Mary started work last week She had

graduated two weeks

5 | went to Italy last summer | hadn’t

travelled abroad

Complete the dialogues using /n, at or on

yet/already/still

yet: by this time Have you phone the doctor yet? No |

haven't called yet

already: before now /’ve already made dinner Have you already washed the dishes? I've walked the dog already

still: emphasises continuity He’s still on the phone | still speak to her even though she moved away

What are you doing the weekend?

My family and l are going to the

adventure playground Saturday,

There’s not much you can do winter

: Well, we usually go skiing, but we have

to get up early the morning

What are you doing the moment?

: I’m watching TV, but | have to leave

¬ 20 minutes to go to the shops

What do you do New Year’s Day?

: | spend the day with my family and we have a meal the evening

Your birthday’s January, isn’t it?

: Yes, ÍE'S the 28th

Why are you T) here?

Shouldn’t you be at the supermarket?

No I've 2) told you that I’m

waiting for Mum to come back and give

me the list

Hasn’t she given it to you 3) ? Why don’t you call her and find out what she needs?

ve 4) done that but she said she wanted to check some things first and then tell me what to get.

Tiêu đề	It's Grammar Time 4
Tác giả	Virginia Evans, Jenny Dooley
Chuyên ngành	English Grammar
Thể loại	Textbook
Năm xuất bản	2014
Thành phố	Newbury

Định dạng
Số trang	186
Dung lượng	18,68 MB