Its grammar time 3

mì Put the verbs in brackets into the present simple or the present continuous.. Zz Time words/phrases Time words/phrases we use with the present simple are: usually, often, always,

Virginia Evans - Jenny Dooley

⁄ oS CN Express Publishing

Published by Express Publishing

Liberty House, Greenham Business Park, Newbury,

Berkshire RG19 GHW, United Kingdom

Tel.: (0044) 1635 817 363

Fax: (0044) 1635 817 463

email: inquiries@expresspublishing.co.uk

www.expresspublishing.co.uk

© Virginia Evans - Jenny Dooley, 2015

Design and Illustration © Express Publishing, 2015

Illustrations: Angela © Express Publishing, 2015

This book is not meant to be changed in any way

ISBN 978-1-4715-3808-7

Contents

Starter Prepositions of place/movement/

time - Quantifiers - Question

words — Pronouns/Possessives —

The verbs ‘to be’, ‘have got’, ‘can’ p

Unit 1 Present simple vs Present

continuous - Adverbs of frequency -

SiatLIe VETĐS siáuosasaddsasesbsve pi

Unit2 Raiaiies e p

Unit3 Adjectives - Adverbs -

CGIHP8IISOHS commence p

Exploring Grammar i (Starter - Unit 3) p

Revision (Starter - Unit 3) p

Phrasal verbs i - Prepositionsi p

Unit 4 Past simple vs Past continuous -

tSed [UÁWOHID saieiisaaesoeasae p

Unit5 Subject/Object questions p

Exploring Grammar ii (Units 4-5) p

Revision (Units 1-5) p

Phrasal verbs ii - Prepositions ii p

Unit 6 Present perfect - Present perfect vs Past simple - Present perfect continuous — Present perfect simple vs Present perfect continuous p Unit 7 — Clauses of result p Exploring Grammar iii (Units 6-7) p Revision (Units 1-7) p Phrasal verbs iii - Prepositions iii p Unit 8 Past perfect - Past perfect continuous — Past perfect vs Past perfect continupus p Unit 9 The infinitie - The -íng form - Verbs with both -ing and infinitive & TOO CNOUGH ccwiwesiinenssavsvaswoveeneaves p Exploring Grammar iv (Units 8-9) p Revision (Units 199) ccecocomeeenage p Phrasal verbs iv - Prepositions iv p 4 16 22 26 35 , 36 38 .45 46 .47 .48 50 ; 58 60 ỐT .62 64 70 i AD 80 Unit 10 Future tenses

Unit 11 Conditionals

Unit12 WEhes ;:ssessssaoreseensasee Exploring Grammar v (Units 10-12)

Revision (Units 1-12)

Phrasal verbs v - Prepositions v

Unit 13 The passive

Unit 14 Reflexive - Emphatic pronouns

Unit 15 The causative

Exploring Grammar vi (Units 13-15)

Revision (Units 1-15)

Phrasal verbs vỉ - Prepositions vỉ

Unit 16 Modal verbs

Unit 17 Nouns/Plurals - Countable/ Uncountable/Plural/Group Nouns

Unit 18 some/any/no/every & compounds

Unit 19 a/an - the - one/Ones

Exploring Grammar vii (Units 16-19)

Revision (Units 1-19)

Phrasal verbs vii - Prepositions vii

Unit 20 Reported speech

Unit 21 Clauses of purpose - Clauses of reason — Clauses of concession

Unit 22 Question tags

Exploring Grammar viii (Units 20-22)

Revision (Units 1-22) Phrasal verbs viii - Prepositions viii

Further practice material Revision of tenses

Multiple choice questions

Sentence transformations

Irregular verbs

p 86

p 92

p 94 p.95

p.102 p.104 p.106 p.107 p.108 p.110 p.118 p.122 p.125 p.130 p.131 p.132 p.134

p.142 p.146

p.148

p.149

p.150

e when we refer to a particular point or position Mona is at the front door

s to say where an event takes place There aren’t many people at the theatre

e in the expressions: at school/university/college, at work, at home, at the top of, at the bottom of, at sea (= working on a ship), at the station/airport, at the seaside, etc

s with addresses when we mention the house number They live at 77 Falcon Road BUT in Highfield Street

© to talk about a person’s house or business at Emily’s (house), at the butcher's

In

® in the expressions: in the middle, in the sky, in the shade, in bed, in hospital, in prison, in a

newspaper/magazine/book, in a picture/photo, in a street, in the world, in this lesson, in the

country, in one’s hand, etc

e with the names of towns, cities, countries and continents in Henley, in Paris, in Spain, in Asia Note: We use in when we refer to a building itself However, we use at when we refer to the normal

function of the building There were lots of people in the cinema (inside the building) There were lots of people at the cinema (They were watching the film)

On

We use on in the expressions: on the left/right, on a(n)/the platform/page/screen/island/beach/coast,

on a map, on a farm, on a/the menu, on the first/second floor, etc, on the phone

The sports shop is on the first floor

on a chair BUT in an armchair

on/at the corner of a street BUT in the corner of a room, go/run round the corner

BAN |

Ứ the time: at three o’clock months: in July/August, etc days: on Friday, on New Year’s Day

le _| | holidays: at Christmas, at Easter | seasons: in (the) spring/summer/ dates: on 23rd August

| | in the expressions: at the autumn/winter specific part of a certain day: on

¢ || moment, at present, at dawn, at | years: in 2012/2013, etc Saturday afternoon

) || noon, at lunchtime, at night, at | in the expressions: in the morning/ | adjective + day: on a windy day

|| midnight, at the weekend afternoon/evening, in an hour, ina

ast | minute, in a week/few days/month/year

| @ We use the prepositions from to/till/until to show duration

I’m busy from 6 to/till/until 11 this morning

© We use the preposition in when we want to say how long it takes to do something

Mum usually prepares breakfast in ten minutes Susan gets to work in twenty minutes

¢ Prepositions of time are not used:

a) with the words today, tomorrow, tonight and yesterday Let’s go out tonight

b) with the words this, last, next, every, all, some, each, one and any

Art classes start this Friday (NOT: en-this-Friday)

[ 2) | Fill in the gaps with at, in or on and one of the places

Look at the picture and fill in

: ˆ the gaps with the correct — from the list

preposition from the list

e hospital * the platform »* college s an island ° bed

ein front of * behind © next to © the airport

© on top of © on (x2) ° between Steven is in bed with a cold

WOINTE tennnitrreeiaintasoueaaorrin waiting for the train to London

AREER SEES because she’s sick

Dy 10 o’clock

We have to be because our flight leaves at 8:00

Becky is studying French

6 They’ve got a holiday home

they go there every summer

1 Dad drives past/beside the baker's on his way to work

There is a poster of Ronaldo up/above my desk

Matthew has got a nice bedroom 3 Walk among/along ithe street until you get to the post

There is a rug 1) on the floor anda office

DIG: WINGOW 2) scssssoncewssomnwsomenorasnen 4 Helen’s house is opposite/between the cinema

the bed Matthew’s desk is 5 Your shoes are below/under your bed

¬ 6 Don’t lean against/by the wall - the paint is still wet!

his wardrobe and there is a chair 7 My mobile phone doesn’t work when the train goes

OU) iio cx Se UE A RT OE through/across a tunnel

the desk Matthew's bedside table | 8 We live next/near the airport

15S) erect sees 9 Your breakfast is on/at the table

tiejbediandithewardrobe: There ts 10 Pour your soup into/onto a bigger bowl

a blue pillow 6)

11 The dog jumps off/out of his basket and runs to meet

me when | get home

12 The boy next door is always throwing his ball over/up our

fence

the bed and a football

the wardrobe

Prepositions of place/movement/time Fill in at, in, on where necessary

12

13

14

15

| usually get up late on Sunday morning

We’re moving house the spring

Ryan often reads a book the train

nee the moment, Emily is studying Art

Frank goes to the gym every

Wednesday

We're going shopping today

Look at that kite high up the sky!

The children get lots of presents

Christmas

Sally and Dave are getting married

26th May

Laura lives 21 Willow Road

My cousins are coming to stay with us

I’ve got a doctor’s appointment Tuesday

Choose the correct preposition

From;] alex88@mail.com To:| laurasmith@server.co.uk

Subject:venice ———]

Hi Laura!

How are you? I'm having a great time here 1) in/at Venice!

I'm staying 2) at/in my cousin Guido's house It's right

3) beside/inside the Grand Canal and the view is amazing!

Today, we're going 4) against/across the canal for a walk

5) through/inside the Rialto Market Then, 6) at/on

lunchtime, we're going to a restaurant called Do Farai

Guido says they always have fresh seafood 7) on/at the

menu there After that, we're going back home for some

rest because, 8) in/on the evening, Guido is taking me for a

boat ride 9) along/among the Grand ;

Canal | can’t wait to see Venice

10) at/in night - | hear it's

beautifull!

See you when | get back,

Alex

Choose the correct item

1 Let’s go for a walk the afternoon

A at in € on

2 In this photo, Ben is standing the

mountain

A above B ontopof C round

3 | play tennis Tuesdays

A in B at Con

4 There are a lot of cars, so walk the road

carefully

A across B around C among

5 The cat usually jumps the garden chair and takes a nap

A into B onto C inside

6 Icycle the post office every morning

A along B through Cc past

7 The gym is the new sports centre

A opposite B between C against

8 Your dinner is the table

ejump esit e sleep eclimb erun ¢ lean

A: There’s a puppy jumping over some flowers B: There’s a boy leaning against a tree etc

How many apples has frenehas gota few foan has got (very) How much milk has — Abby has got (very)

Megan got? She has apples She can few apples She can’t Belinda got? She has _ little milk and she

got alot offlots of make an apple pie make anapple pie got alittle milkand hasnT gọt any flour

apples She can make some flour She can She can’t make

an apple pie make a cake a cake

(a) few/(too) many (a) little/(too) much Negative no/not any/not many no/not any/not much

Interrogative | any/(how) many any/(how) much

° Some, any and no are used with uncountable nouns and plural countable nouns Some is normally used

in affirmative sentences Any is used in interrogative and negative sentences There are some biscuits in the jar Is there any juice? No, there isn’t any in the fridge We can use no instead of not any in the negative

There aren't any biscuits There are no biscuits Some can also be used in questions when we expect a positive answer, for example when we make a request or an offer Would you like some tea? Can you make some coffee, please?

° We normally use a lot of/lots of in affirmative sentences with plural countable nouns and uncountable

nouns We omit of when a lot/lots is not followed by a noun A lot of can be used in interrogative and

negative sentences in informal English

We've got a lot of/lots of sweets There is a lot of juice in the jug

BUT Have you got many books? Yes, I’ve got a lot/lots

® We normally use much and many in interrogative and negative sentences Much goes before

uncountable nouns and many goes before plural countable nouns

Is there much milk in the carton? There isn’t much milk left Have you got many DVDs? | haven’t got many DVDs

How much butter do you want? Not much How many children are there at football practice? Not many -

® Too many can be used with plural countable nouns and has a negative meaning It shows that there is

more of something than is wanted or needed There are too many cars on the road

© Too much can be used with uncountable nouns and has a negative meaning It shows that there is

more of something than is wanted or needed There’s too much traffic on the motorway

© We use a few/few with plural countable nouns (apples, pears, etc)

I’ve got a few cherries, I'll make a cherry pie (= not many but enough — positive meaning) (Very) few people go to the new restaurant as it is very expensive (= hardly any/almost no — negative meaning)

© We use a little/little with uncountable nouns (milk, honey, water, etc)

I've got a little flour I'll make a cake (= not much but enough — positive meaning) I’ve got little time today We can’t go to the shops (= hardly any/almost no — negative meaning)

e We can use few and little after very Very is used for emphasis

There are very few tea bags in the box We've got very little jam

(77 a) Look at the pictures (A-E) and the examples Underline all the quantifiers

b) How are they used in the sentences?

Have we got any strawberries?

: No, but there are apples

Woculd you like coffee?

: No, thanks Have you got

2 We hawerlTLQOE sesssaseasssse potatoes

: Never mind | can make

pasta

¡ J BIEDĐWbkosseszseksaasseeos cola in the house?

¡ No; butLiwe 06 QOI suooicaosna orange juice

Choose the correct item

: Not a lot of/much

: There aren’t many/much tomatoes left

: Do you want me to buy some more?

: Are there much/many bananas in the fruit bowl?

B: No, but there are a lot of/much pears

: Not many/much Just two or three

; Is there many/much ice cream in the freezer?

Yes, there’s lots/lot

Fill in the gaps with too much or too many

1 Don’t put too much sugar in my hot chocolate

You’re making burgers for

four people!

There’s salt on these tomatoes

Don’t eat sweets before dinner

You always pU sauce on

Do you like the apple pie?

: Yes, but can | haV© vao cream with it?

: What are you eating?

: dust some yoghurt with jam and

"~ nei ARONSON nuts

Do you want sugar or honey in your tea?

dJust honey, please

: What are you putting in the fruit salad?

: Melon, cherries and

grapes

Fill in many, few, much or little

Hi Paul! There isn’t 1) much

food at home Can you buy

en) ete lent amor

spaghetti for dinner?

Sure! But | don’t want mushrooms on mine,

cheese

ee)

Received 18:34

Hi Amy! I'm outside , Pizza Fest right now Do

| you want me to go in and get a 3}

slices of pizza instead?

T5: ống về gìn ck) time for them to make the pizza,

sO see you at home ina

8:36

r for

Fill in the gaps with much, many, how much,

= how many, few or little

F

A: Let’s make a shopping list for the picnic

B: OK 1) How many people are we making

B: Noi®9) Put that on the list

Az There aren”t 4} ccceeee eggs

either 8) do we need?

n0 c2) TT We can make

some egg sandwiches with a

7) mayonnaise and some

with cheese Is there 8) cc.eceeee

cheese?

A: Yes, lots There isn't 9) eneeree

lettuce, though, and there aren't

10) tomatoes

B: We can buy Some NOW 11) wee eee eee

money have you got?

Choose the correct item

1 There isn’t , rice in the cupboard |

A many much C few |

2 “How much juice have we got?” “ Ẻ |

A Alot B A lot of C Loisof _

3 Would you like chips with your burger? -

A any B alittle Cc some

4 There is butter left I'll need to go to the supermarket

A any B no Cc some

5 There is very tea in the pot

A little B few C alittle

6 There are only peaches left

A afew B alittle C lots

7 How chairs do we need for the dinner

party?

A few B many CG much

8 Are there sweets in the cupboard?

A some B much Cc any

Quantifiers

Em] Complete the second sentence so that it means the same as the first Use up to three words

1 We haven't got much flour

We have got very little flour

2 Can you tell me the number of cakes you

need?

Can you tell me cakes you need?

3 This pie is really salty

There iS ssse-eesessdsirereraaa salt in this pie

4 These biscuits are really sweet!

There is sugar in these biscuits!

5 There are no steaks in the freezer

There aren'† steaks in the freezer

6 | don’t want many potatoes I’m not very hungry

| only want

I’m not very hungry

7 lan drinks very little water

lari doesrfff:diriiiss:‹:sczee.sesevessesne water

8 We've got very few carrots

We haven'† got -: carrots

5 glasses of water & glasses of water

A: On Fridays, Tony drinks very little milk

B: On Saturdays, he doesn’t eat much toast 9

The wh-questions begin with a question word such as who, what, where, when, etc We put the auxiliary (is,

are, do, does, etc) or modal verb (can, must, etc) before the subject

° who/whose (people)

“Who mows the lawn every week?”

“My dad does.”

“Whose skateboard is that?” or

“Whose is that skateboard?”

“Liam's.”

¢ what/which (things) What is used alone or before a noun to ask about things

“What is your favourite colour?”

Which is normally used when there is only a

limited choice of answers

“Which T-shirt are you wearing, the blue one or the red one?”

“The red one.” (Which of the two? — limited choice)

Which is also used with the comparative and superlative form,

“Which is faster, a cheetah or a panther?”

° where (place)

“Where are you going in the summer?”

“To the south of France.”

Notes:

© when/how long (ago)/how often/what time (time)

“When does the plane leave?”

e how much (quantity)

“How much sugar do we need for the pie?”

“Not much.”

¢ how many (number)

“How many children are coming to your party?”

“Why is John excited?”

“Because he’s going on holiday tomorrow.”

e how old (age)

“How old are you?”

“Sixteen,”

e how far (distance)

“How far is your home from work?”

“About five kilometres.”

© how long/how tall (size)

“How long are Bev’s boots?”

“They go up to her knees.”

“How tall is Brad?” “He's 1.90 m tall.”

¢ We use what + be like to ask for a description of someone’s character

“What's he like?” “He is very friendly and social He has many friends and loves meeting new people.”

° We use what + do look like to ask for a description of someone's physical appearance

“What does your father look like?” “He’s tall and has dark curly hair.”

Gi) Choose the correct item

Tow people live in your house?

A How much How many C How long

phone is yours? The black one or the purple one?

A What B Whose

3 ow do your lessons start?

A Whattime B Howoften C How long

C Which

4 is your favourite novel?

A Which B Who C What

5 acs is the train station from your house?

A How long B_ How far

C How often

6 ees are you smiling?

A How B What Cc Why

Fill in: where, how long, how far, how much,

what, which, when, how old, how, how many

A: Good afternoon, Evergreen Summer Camp

1) How can | help you? |

B: Hello I’m interested in this year’s camp Can |

YOU tell ME 2) vccccvecaewnansmecwenvssnerens it starts?

A: On 21st July

B: And 3)

A: For three weeks

Bi Excéllent: (Á] iiiniicavaedaataa+rag exactly is |

the camp?

A: It’s in the New Forest, near Lyndhurst

B: OK B) ::.:.czeaae is that from London?

Ar: 140 kilometres It takes about two hours by car |

B: Thanks 6) does the camp cost?

A; IUs £180 for each chỉld 7) .-.:‹c-:++-+ i

children do you want to book places for? :

B: Two, please My son and my daughter

A? ANI :8), 2 00.0 tee are they?

B: Eleven and thirteen

A: OK | can send you an information pack by

email or post; 9) do you prefer? |,

48 Complete questions to find out a few

, things about Tony

1 What is Tony like?

Tony is friendly and very funny

He can play two instruments; the guitar

and the drums

house

They practise twice a week

Question words

Write questions to which the words in bold

are the answers

—-

h Jose

Ivar is 1)twenty years

old He's from 2) Tallinn

in Estonia, but he lives in the UK 3) because he’s a

student at Westminster

University He lives 4) in Lambeth It takes him 5) twenty minutes to walk to his lectures every day

In his spare time, lvar likes 6) rowing He goes to

rowing practice 7) five times a week! He enjoys rowing 8) because it helps him to relax

1 How old is Ivar?

Speaking

In pairs, ask and answer questions to

complete the questionnaire

Complete) our questionnaire for a chance to win $1100 to

I usually spend: $10-19] $20-50L] over $B50 L]

I buy clothes for; family L] friends L] myself L]

| like shopping clothes at Macy’s

Subject pronouns go before verbs as subjects Object pronouns go after verbs or prepositions as

We use them instead of nouns or names objects

This coat is so beautifull It really suits you! Maria’s got two dogs She takes them for a walk every | Where’s Lucy? She’s in the classroom morning

(NOT: Luey is in the classroom.) Look at him!

Possessive adjectives/pronouns

Possessive adjectives | Possessive pronouns

my our mine ours

your your yours yours

his/her/its their his/hers/— theirs

¢ Possessive adjectives show: © Possessive pronouns show that something a) that something belongs to somebody belongs to someone Possessive pronouns are This is my dog, Jack not followed by nouns

b) the relationship between two or more people

These are our daughters

¢ We put possessive adjectives before nouns

Is that your umbrella? Note:

Note: There is no possessive pronoun for ‘it’

® Íts = possessive adjective Look at that bird! Its feathers are beautiful

® it’s = itis or it has It’s (It is) a cold windy day

It’s (It has) got a long fluffy tail

Compare: This is my tablet (possessive adjective)

It’s mine (possessive pronoun)

Possessive case

‘s/s’ (people and animals) of (inanimate things and people)

® singular noun + ’s - the boy’s ball ¢ of + inanimate thing/abstract noun

e regular plural noun + ‘ — the girls’ bikes the price tag of a coat, the circle of life

© irregular plural noun + ‘s - the women’s handbags |* of + possessive case/possessive pronoun when

® compound noun + ‘s — my mother-in-law’s sister there is a determiner or an article (this, any,.a, etc)

° ‘s after the last of two or more names to show before the noun Look at this drawing of Da Vinci's! common possession (one of Da Vinci's paintings) A song of his (one of Mary and Cynthia’s cottage (They share the same| _ his songs) a friend of mine (NOT: of me)

cottage.) BUT of + people (in longer phrases) Mary's and Kim’s cottages (Each one has got their| That% the brother of one of my classmates

own cottage.) “s/of to talk about places or organisations

Scotland’s castles/the castles of Scotland

° phrases of place + ’s at the butcher's

e time/distance expression + ‘s/’ tomorrow’s exhibition, two hours’ walk

© to singular names ending in -s we can either add ‘s or just an apostrophe Both options are correct

However, ‘s is more usual james’s jacket (or James’ jacket)

e Plural names ending in -s take an apostrophe, just like with other plurals

The Willis’ are going to Legoland on Saturday

¢ We can use the possessive case without a noun after it

This skateboard is not mine It’s Peter's

Fill in the correct subject or

= 1 Let’s go for a walk, /t’s a lovely, sunny day

| 1 Beth is my friend We are in 2 | like my town got lots of great shops

Ss the same class at school 3 My parents’ bedroom has got own bathroom

2 | take my brother to nursery in 4 The new sports centre is fantastic! got three

y the oe and piok different swimming pools

nao 5 Your puppy is so cute! | love big, brown eyes

3 My dad and | love it when 6 | reall iov Soi f it biect

= MUii'fii8RBE pizza really enjoy Science my favourite subject

4 Billy and Bobby are my dogs EB) Connect the nouns using ‘s, (’), or of

"N | ' = . : sleep in my bedroom

5 I’m going shopping Do 1 Britain/the prime Minister the Prime Minister of Britain

want to come with 4 2 drive/three hours

6 | know Penny and Jill | see 3 shop/Ellen and Mike

kh th re every Tuesday at 4 jungles/Africa

basketball practice 5 books/the boys

‘ 7 Ben Is my cousin mmmamri 6 mobile phone/Anna

: lives in Australia 7 ins/my fath

8 This Maths question is Sele SOS oa oe

difficult; can't do 8 car/my brother-in-law thuở 9 cat/Mrs Ellis

10: the toys/children

Fill in the correct possessive Ï CHỏưsư:thẻ GựfeeEHeiii

1 Are those Adams’/Adam’s shoes?

1 A: This bag doesn’t belong to My si , Sh /Her is -

me Is it yours, Katie? 2 y sister is 21 She/Her is at university

B: No, it’s not mine It’s my 3 This is ours/our school

m mums 4 Look at that tree It’s/Its leaves are a lovely colour

| 2 A: Can | borfOW 5_ Maria is in the women's/womens' changing room

Fy bike, Helen? 6 Is Derek a friend of yours/you?

B: Sorry, | need it Ray’s got a 7 |love Luke’s and Emma’s/Luke and Emma’s new flat

PKS Maybe you can 8 This scarf is mine/my

OXON assests eas , 9 Those earrings are beautiful Can | try them/they?

@ Al The-lacksens IIMs: Gn This street Thats 10 I'm going to the opticians’/optician’s to buy some new going P P y ee

glasses

Ị house over there

B: Yes, and that red car is Speaking

RARE AIR too Write the names of people, places or things you like or

4 A: Is this coat, Nancy? don’t like in the boxes below

B: No, it’s Emma’s Those a = gloves are too [ a band I a TV series IE famous actress |

5 A: Do you share a room with [ | I - - ]

brother? ] RB ns ]

a spo

B: Yes This big bedroom at ———

the front is JL ]

@ Alls Dac home? Now, in pairs, take it in turns to ask your partner: What

earis oltSide do you think of .?

B: No, he’s out shopping with Mum They're using A: What do you think of the Killers‘ l : rs?

B: I like them They sing really nice songs Their latest CD is great 1 3

Negative I’m not, He/She/It isn’t, We/You/They aren’t

Interrogative | Am 1?, Is he/she/it?, Are we/you/they?

| Short Yes, | am., Yes, he/she/it is., Yes, we/you/they are

| Answers No, I’m not., No, he/she/it isn’t., No, we/you/they aren’t

In short answers, we do not repeat the whole question

|| We only use Yes or No, the subject pronoun and the verb form am (‘m not)/is (isn’t)/are (aren't)

Are you Spanish? No, I’m not

The verb have got

We use the verb have got:

a) to show that something belongs to somebody She’s got a bike

b) to describe people, animals or things He’s got short fair hair

c) to talk about relationships /’ve got a twin sister

d)in the following expressions: !’ve got a headache, I’ve got a temperature, I’ve got a cough, I’ve got a toothache, I’ve got a cold, I’ve got a problem

Affirmative | |/We/You/They’ve got He/She/It's got

Negative LAWe/You/They haven't got | He/She/It hasn’t got

Interrogative | Have I/we/you/they got? | Has he/she/it got?

Short Yes, I/we/you/they have | Yes, he/she/it has

Answers No, I/we/you/the haven't | No, he/she/it hasn’t

We don’t use got Have you got a notebook? Yes, | have (NOT: ¥es+have-get.)

We use got more in the present and not so often in the past tense She had skates when she was younger

(NOT: She had get — it is less common)

In short answers, we only use Yes or No, the subject pronoun and the verb have (haven’t)/has (hasn’t) |

The verb can

Affirmative 1/You/He/She/It/We/You/They can walk

Negative 1/You/He/She/It/We/You/They can’t walk

Interrogative | Can |/you/he/she/it/we/you/they walk?

Short Yes, I/you/he/she/it/we/you/they can

Answers No, I/you/he/she/it/we/you/they can't

s_ The verb can is the same in all persons in the singular and in the plural, and is always followed by a verb

® We use can to show ability

| [can dance | can’t play the piano

|

E

5] Circle the correct form of the

verb have got, can or be

1 (9/ Are Michael your friend?

6 Jack and Abigail

isn’t / aren’t in Year 10

They’re in Year 8

7 | can’t/ can check my

emails My computer isn’t

10 Jenny hasn’t / haven’t got

any homework to do

11 Raymond aren’t / isn’t my

cousin

12 Am/ Are we leaving soon?

Ø Fill in the correct form of have

got, can or be to find out a

few things about James and his family

1 James is twenty years old

5 They twins Their names are Jessica and Suzie

6 They play the piano but they

sing or dance

7 James and his sisters

¬ students at Loughborough College

8 THEY suuauguwøau a car so they take the bus to college

The verbs to be, have got, can \\

ey) Complete the exchanges using the correct form of have

—=— got, can or be

1 A: Can you ride a motorbike?

B: No, | can’t, but | can ride a horse

2Á cuc Luca and Sonia from Spain?

B: Yes, they + TH! seasassrae speak Spanish

3 A:

B: a fever

A AS toronuueu Susie read and write?

B: No, she She’s only three!

BAL eee Matteo from Portugal?

B: No,;h9‹-‹: có § HỒ sen eeasaee from Italy

6 A: you make me a sandwich?

B: No, Ì ¬".- any bread TORS báagssessoe HGDÏN sauszzssees abike?

B: + |Í gauszeettasrse blue and white

8A: a brother?

B: 16 years old

] Read Emma’s personal profile and fill in the gaps with

the correct form of have got, can or be

| Be lật oS

_ [itfirdiEtdRiifeHifs](6lII[BI| personalProfile _

Hi! My name 1)is Emma and | 2) vinseeeswonsansanewsnn eighteen years old | Đ) trrungguytprantisgt brown hair and blue eyes | live in London with my parents

They! 4) sxcesyssswesseissesavens both doctors and they 5) an office

on Harley Street | 6)

any brothers or sisters

| T) ride and I 8) a horse His

Thomas He 10) wenn

a long tail Thomas

| eb) Beene Old, ZSOACELS) wesvssssverrnemesens run very fast, but he 44) still jump over fences

Speaking and Writing

Use the words in the list to make true sentences about yourself Tell the class Then, write a short paragraph presenting yourself on your personal profile

e short hair ° green eyes ° tall ° 16 years old

e History student e one brother e acat e a laptop

se askateboard ¢ ride ahorse ° play the piano ° sing

¢ speak English @ only child ° play basketball

! haven't got short hair

15

The Moon moves around the Earth

At 5:30, but it’s always running late

The band sings brilliantly in this album When is their next single coming out?

to work on time due to heavy traffic

INTERROGATIVE | Does he/she/it eat? INTERROGATIVE| Is he/she/it running?

Do we/you/they eat? Are we/you/they running?

Yes, I/we/you/they do./ Yes, | am./No, I’m not

SHORT No, |/we/you/they don’t SHORT Yes, he/she/it is./No, he/she/it isn’t

ANSWERS Yes, he/she/it does./ ANSWERS Yes, we/you/they are./

No, he/she/it doesn’t No, we/you/they arenít

_ Spelling

Spelling: 3rd person singular

© Most verbs take -s in the third person singular

| walk — he walks

e Verbs ending in -ss, -sh, -ch, -x and -o, take -es

| kiss — he kisses, | fish — he fishes, | catch — he

catches, | mix - he mixes, | go — he goes

e Verbs ending in a consonant + y, drop the -y and take -ies / try — he tries

e Verbs ending in a vowel + y take -s only

| buy — he buys

Spelling: -ing

© Most verbs add -ing to the base form of the main verb

work — working, drink — drinking, send ~ sending

e Verbs ending in -e, drop the -e and add -ing

dance - dancing, type - typing

e Verbs ending in a vowel and a consonant, double the

consonant and add -ing

sit — sitting, admit - admitting

® Verbs ending in -ie change the -ie to -y and add -ing

lan lives in a two-bedroom cottage in the countryside

° habits and routines (with always, usually, etc)

Molly always brushes her teeth after every meal

° timetables and programmes (future reference)

The charity shop opens at 9 o“clock

° general truths and laws of nature

John is working overtime these days

° for actions taking place at or around the moment

of speaking He’s listening to music right now

° for fixed arrangements in the near future

We are going on safari next month

° for currently changing and developing situations

Computers are becoming faster every day

° with adverbs such as always to express anger or

irritation at a repeated action

You are always calling me late at night!

Present simple vs Present continuous \

ŒT-Ì Look at the pictures (A-E) on p 16 and underline all the verbs a) Identify in which tense each

7 verb is b) How do we form the affirmative, negative and interrogative of these tenses? c) Which

uses of these tenses does each verb show?

Fill in the third person singular form of the

_.-s/-es in the third person singular is pronounced:

e /s/ in verbs ending in /f/, /k/, /p/ or /t/ sounds

e fiz/ in verbs ending in /s/, /J/, /t{/, /d3/ or /z/

sounds,

e /z/ in verbs ending in all other sounds

Xx

(@)| write the third person singular of the verbs

" in the correct box, as in the example Then,

read the verbs aloud

° talk e finish ego steach e drink © enjoy

e give ¢ brush * miss ¢ stop * chat * run catch e begin sit ¢ change

fiz/

(a Complete the exchanges with the present

™~ simple of the verbs in brackets

1 A: Do you leave (you/leave) home at seven o’clock every day?

Bí: Yẽs BUVtHS DỨỔ zontiauatiiougidueastd

(not/arrive) until 7.20

2 AY cco (Jo/work) in London?

B: Yes, but she

Put the verbs in the correct box adding - ing

e open e move etie erun talk ° stop

e give edie ° write * buy ° begin e make

[Ø] Look at the picture and correct the

=" sentences, as in the example Use the phrases below

e use alaptop ¢ talk on the phone

° buy a ticket ° drink a cup of coffee

e stand on the platform

1 Anna is reading the newspaper

No, she isn’t She’s using a laptop

2 Lizzie is eating a sandwich.

“How often does Stella go abroad on holiday?”

“Never She never goes abroad.”

2

E4

⁄

We use adverbs of frequency:

a) before the main verb

Bob always has breakfast with his children

b) after the auxiliary verbs be, have, do and

modal verbs such as can, will, must, etc

Our new neighbour is always so friendly to everyone

Bob doesn’t usually drink coffee in the morning

Note: The adverbs rarely/seldom/hardly ever and

never have a negative meaning, and they are never used with the word not

| Tom rarely watches TV in the evenings

(NOT: Tom deesn-rarely watch TV in the evenings.)

|

|

Í

Anna is a vegetarian She never eats meat

Where can you

often (50%)

a) What do they show?

b) How are they used in a sentence?

[72)] Tick the appropriate gap in the sentences

below to indicate the correct position of the adverb of frequency

1 Terry % works outdoors in the

summer (usually)

2 Kelly is late for college (never)

3 My flatmate asks me to cook

dinner (often)

4 Laura can be (sometimes)

at home these days

(@)| Make sentences, as in the example Use

the adverbs of frequency from the key

KEY

Identify the tenses in bold, and then match them to the correct description

Ramsey passes the ball to Collins

[2Ll Jackie is travelling to Paris tomorrow

Bll The Sun rises in the east

[4L] My train departs at 4.30

More and more people are working in the technology industry

[6]_] Tom eats lunch in the canteen every day

[7|_] Amanda and Sam live in Hampstead

He isn’t driving to work this week because his car is at the garage

mì Put the verbs in brackets into the present simple or the

present continuous

1 Beth often opens (open) her shop at the weekends, but

this Saturday she is taking (take) a day off

We rarely (finish) lessons before 3:00 pm, but

today they (close) the college at 1:00

My cousins (eat) dinner at my house once a week, but tonight we (meet) in a restaurant

David usually (stop) work at 6 pm, but this afternoon he ‹ (leave) at 3.30

Most days, we (walk) to the shops, but this

morning we (drive)

Zz Time words/phrases

Time words/phrases we use with the present simple are: usually,

often, always, every day/week/month/year, etc in the morning/

afternoon/evening, at night/ the weekend, on Fridays, etc

Time words/phrases we use with the present continuous are:

now, this week/month, etc at the moment, at present, these days,

nowadays, still, today, tonight, etc

Choose the correct time expression

a a fact or permanent state

a general truth or law of nature

a fixed arrangement in the near

(Laura/ usually/sit) here?

Br Yes; BUUSNGI casianaeyaaa (not/come) in today She

1 Claire is working part-time every week/these days (sractise)

ve 2 We go skating this Thursday/on Thursdays every day

3 Are you playing golf today/every day? 5 A: Whattime

4 Why is she always/usually talking so loudly? It’s so (Anna and

annoying! Kevin/finish) college on

6 We drive to France in August every year/this year B: Well, they

7 Dad is working overtime this evening/every evening (usually/finish) at 3.30,

but today they

8 Susan is watching a DVD at weekends/now (stay) late to rehearse for

the summer show

19

Stative Verbs are verbs which describe a state rather than an action, and do not normally have continuous

© verbs of the senses (see, hear, smell, taste, feel, look, sound, seem, appear, etc) You seem very tired

© verbs of perception (know, believe, understand, realise, remember, forget, etc) | don’t know what you're

© verbs which express feelings and emotions (like, love, hate, enjoy, prefer, want, etc) Kim loves this cartoon show

® some other verbs: agree, be, belong, contain, continue, cost, fit, have (= possess), include, matter, need,

owe, own, require, suppose, weigh, wish, etc These jeans don’t fit me; I'll try on another pair

Some of these verbs can be used in continuous tenses when they describe actions and not states, but there is

They have a holiday villa (= they possess) We're having a fantastic time (= are experiencing) They’re having a party (= are holding)

He’s having a pizza (= is eating)

This dress looks very elegant (= appears) I'm looking at some interesting paintings (= | am taking a look at)

| see that you can play tennis really well (= it is visible)

I see why you like their new CD (= understand) I'm seeing an old school friend tonight (= |am meeting)

This skirt fits you perfectly (= it is the right size)

Tim is fitting a basketball hoop in the garden (= he is

114) Choose the correct verb tense

1 A: This dress is beautiful and it isn’t

costing/doesn’t cost much

B: | know, but | ’m looking/look for something more formal

: That suit is fitting/fits you perfectly!

B: Thanks! It belongs/is belonging to my brother I’m borrowing it for my job interview

the evening shift this week?

B: | prefer/am preferring working in the mornings

: ’m not knowing/don’t know where Charlie and John are

B: They have/are having a meeting with

Mr Cousins

: You seem/are seeming nervous

B Yes, | think/am thinking about my first day of college tomorrow

: Are you wanting/Do you want to work

installing)

hs) Fill in the gaps with the present simple or

——=* the present continuous of the verb given

1 have

a Chris has a pet dog

b We are having lunch with Aunt Sarah today

2 look a_ Your new bedroom fantasticl

her brother later today

Why you like painting

— it’s very creative

BE :¡i 1 :_ -— NT“ —Ẩ-—- after 9 o'olook

= How are you? 1) Do you like (you/like) your university course? | 3 We have French lessons on _| DỊ oi (take) a break from studying and, at the Mondays and Wednesdays

TU OHIOEHE, | đ) cu ceeoceoeeieiee (work) at Greenfields College | We have French lessons

A) pe (usually/arrive) ‘at work at Bam and) | series week

_| BỊ cà (not/leave) until after 6 pm, so it’s a 4 My plans for this Saturday

)j good thing l 6) (love) my jobl l7) include going to the cinema

(teach) Art History at the college on weekdays and, at i

| weekends, | 8) (volunteer) at a museum to the cinema this Saturday

is This Saturday we 9) (have) an Egyptian Day 5 Emily doesn't often go out in

All the staff 10) (wear) ancient Egyptian the aveninas

in| costumes and they T†) - (serve) Egyptian ;

gì food in the museum café It 12) : (sound) fun! Emily rarely ”

—] What 13) (you/do) on Sunday? | l

= 14) (not/do) anything special, but | 6 Tony is in Stratford now, but

15) (think) of going to the cinema his job is in central London

= 16) (you/want) to come with me? Call me, Tony is in Stratford now, but

Thomas lh© .à cv nhi

or , central London

n — Speaking

| Put the verbs in brackets into the correct form of the Whatdovou like déingin your

present simple or the present continuous Then, answer free | What are n Scie the questions about yourself y 5 3arah this weekend? Tell your partner

1D a OBL lik {yOu /Iik #) going ome cinema ing to the ci 2 A: What do you usually do in

Yes, | do / No, | don’t your free time? -

istic! 2 (you/use) a computer right now? B: | usually | sometimes

What about you?

8 A: | don’t like soloften

ina B What are you doing this

4 (you/play) sports at /pl rts at th the weekend? kend? Be Revere vice; Ree

i ico? =

5 (your dad/work) in an office? Writing

6 (your mum/have) lunch at work? Using your answers from’ the

ve a Speaking activity, write an

7 (you/surf the Net) most days? email to a friend telling :

ceigacretoreunimnanenneccrt armen him/her what you usually do in

day 8 (your best friend/sit) next to your free time and what your

ating plans are for this weekend

co eeseeeessesssssnieiiseesesenseuietessesssseseitesssssnsenieiteecseseensned Use ex 16 as a model 21

EET

Relatives

Z, Relatives | 2 Mum, do you remember my classmate Irene who | usually go to the

gym with? You know, the one whose sister works at the hairdresser’s

where you sometimes go! Well, I’ve got a book of hers, which I’m

reading for English class, and she wants it back Is it on my desk? It’s Oliver Twist It’s the one I was reading the day when | was ill

The relative pronouns who/that, whose and which/that, and the

relative adverbs where, when and

why introduce relative clauses

e We use who/that to refer to people Relative pronouns as subjects and objects

The lady who/that owns that beautiful house is ® We cannot omit who/which/that when it is the

my Art teacher subject of a relative clause, that is, when there is

e We use which/that to refer to animals, objects not a noun or subject pronoun between the and ideas relative pronoun and the verb

The film which/that won this year’s Oscar is on | met a man He is a pilot

TV tonight

e We use whose with people, objects and animals ! met a man who/that is a pilot

in order to show possession We cannot omit ® We can omit who/which/that when it is the

whose in a relative clause object of a relative clause, that is, when there is

This is the woman whose son is a famous footballer a noun or subject pronoun between the relative

e We don’t use a relative pronoun with another pronoun and the verb

pronoun (|, you, he, him, etc) This is my new scooter | use it to go to work

| know someone who films wildlife documentaries

(NOT: | know a who he-tileas-wildlife- This is my new scooter (which/that) I use to go to

documentaries ee Note: Do not confuse who's, the short form of who is and who has, with whose, which expresses

Relatives adverbs |

© We use when to refer to time When is used after nouns such as time, period, moment, day and season It

can be replaced by that or omitted

Do you remember the day (when/that) you passed your driving test? ;

e We use where to refer to places Where is used after nouns such as place, house, street, town and

The town where | come from is really small

° We use why to give reasons Why can be used after the word reason, and in this case it can be replaced by that or omitted

Do you know the reason (why/that) she always feels so tired?

There are two types of relative clauses: defining relative clauses and non-defining relative clauses

ø A defining relative clause gives necessary information and is essential to the meaning of the main

sentence We do not put the clause in commas, and it is introduced with who, which, that, whose, where, when and the reason (why) The relative pronoun can be omitted when it is the object of the relative clause

The family who lives next door is having a party (Which family? The family who lives next door.) Did you find the book (which/that) you were looking for? (Which book? The one which you were looking for.)

e Anon-defining relative clause gives extra information and is not essential to the meaning of the main

sentence The clause is put in commas, and it is introduced with who, which, whose, where and when

We cannot omit the relative pronoun or adverb We cannot use that instead of who or which

Maria, who is very clever, won a Maths competition (‘Maria won a Maths competition’ - the meaning of the sentence is clear; ‘who is very clever’ — the relative clause — gives extra information)

(er Look at the picture and examples on p 22 Look at the words in bold a) Say which are relative

pronouns and which are relative adverbs Underline one defining and one non-defining relative clause What is the difference between defining and non-defining relative clauses? b) Which relative pronoun or adverb can we replace with that?

(2) Choose the correct item

= That’s the girl who’s/whose father is a surgeon

Do you know who’s/whose sitting next to Jane?

Is that the man who’s/whose got a clothes shop?

That's the lady who’s/whose daughter owns the nail

salon

What’s the name of the boy who’s/whose party you’re going to?

Mr Alvin is the man who’s/whose doing the interviews

Fill in the gaps with where, when, why, who or which

1 A: Is that your computer?

B: Yes, it’s the one which | use for work

A: Do you know Marie?

B: Is she the girl designs clothes for Topshop?

: Can we meet at 1 o’clock?

B: Sure Thafs the time | usually have

my lunch break

: Do you know the reasOn Toby is late today?

: Yes, he’s got a doctor’s appointment

Is this the shop dulie works?

: Yes, she’s a shop assistant here

: Gan Ï see'†the DOOK i swisersvervies you're reading these days?

B: Of course It’s upstairs in my bedroom

Match to form sentences and

~ fill in the relative pronouns or adverbs

That’s the suit

Is that the lady

This is the office

[4L ] 2016 is the year

Thats the bag

L8T ] That's the reason

Is that the little boy That’s the man

d cosa son is a graphic designer

Đị suasesazresenoav goes to your

e which Jake wears to work

Í sures Bev works

g c | carry my books in

Ni senna | start university

23

1 What’s the name of the woman who/that is

in charge of the bank?

7 November is the time of the year

| usually plant roses

8 ls this the department

deals with customers’ complaints?

T Fill in with a relative pronoun or adverb

~~ Write D for defining, ND for non-defining, and state if the relative can be omitted or

not Add commas where necessary

1 Jason, who is a banker, works at Leicester

Bank ND - not omitted

2 The skirt you’re wearing looks great

3 Mr Simmons shop is on Frith Street

is employing me for the summer

4 Laura is only 25 is already a famous

10 Do you like this dress I’m making for

mỹ baDV GOUSÌN2 szaeoriisestosden

Choose the correct item

1 Where's the security guard usually sits

outside?

@) who B whose C who's

2 This is the magazine Lydia edits

A where B when C which

3 Chris is someone | know from the

swimming club

A_ which B who Cc whose

4 The traffic is the reason I’m not home

yet

A which B why C who

5 Where’s the file Penny needs for her presentation?

A where B who C which

6 This is the restaurant | meet my friends for lunch

A which B where C when

7 Is that the couple house has a big

swimming pool?

A who B who*s C whose

8 Next Saturday is the day ., the football season starts

A when B which C where

Relatives

% 9ì Read the radio interview and fill in the gaps with the a Complete the sentences so

Ig, correct relative pronoun or adverb ~ that they are true for you Use

or relative pronouns or adverbs

Kate: Hello, listeners Today I’m talking to a firefighter 1) whose 1 The person who is my hero is

›ester name is Tony Cassar Welcome, Tony Adele

Tony: Thanks for having me, Kate 2 [lNw@inapl8G6 ssssooosoeo

great Kate: So, Tony, tell us about your job

Tony: Well, | work at the Hammersmith Station, 2) is

Street ín London Because London is a big place, 3)

mous Kate:

lots of emergencies happen, we’re always busy

Have you got a big team?

Tony: There are lots of firefighters at the station, but | usually

work with my best friend Rob, 4) drives the

zaring fire engine, and two other men

Kate: Do you enjoy your job?

noes Tony: Well, | miss my family at the times 5) | work at

nights or weekends But the reason 6) I'ma

firefighter is that | want to help people in danger, and Speaking that’s what my job is all about In pairs, make sentences

3pain i using the prompts, adding

thay relative pronouns and

.eting adverbs, as in the example

f A

— [ETERS s Jamie Oliver/own/Jamie’s

1g for 5(0)) Complete the second sentence so that it means the Italian restaurants

same as the first Use up to three words ¢ Formula 1/sport/Lewis

Hamilton is famous for

1 Luke is a medical student His dream is to become a © 2004/year/Olympic Games took dootar place in Athens

y sits Luke is a medical student whose dream is to become a e New York/city/Beyoncé lives

doctor © Steve Tyler/singer/daughter is

28 2_ Mr Ronson is my teacher He’s on TV now an actress

Mr Ronson, . -‹ -°: my teacher, is on A daria Oliver

ch Wing B: Jamie Oliver is tt

\ the 3 Dad leaves the office at 5:30 , mm fa

5:30 iS the iM vo cere ee cette ee eres the office restaurants

388 4 |’m writing an essay for college Do you want to read it?

\ome Do you want to read the esSaV che Writing

3 5 Brian is 19 years old He is studying Art yourself using relative

r her Branly neeseue wees ver recone 19 years old, is studying pronouns and adverbs

Art

m y Thịs la The PulldÍNg peaseesnanennearnssssee lives _ Si TP «tiggiatrrfsi/sormsllimeg walch

m 7 \'m wearing a red necklace It belongs to my friend on TV

: Sophie ® (person)/often talk to on the

| Pm wearing a red N@CKACE ¿ iicoccceeeeeiiieee to phone

%e my friend Sophie s (shop)/usually buy my clothes

vail 8 There are so many things | love about my job The living room is the place

re

There are so many reaSOnS . - «++ my job where | usually read my books

25

) Adjectives describe nouns They have the same

© form in the singular and the plural an interesting

| | book — interesting books

| Adjectives go: * before the nouns they describe an old car

° after the verbs: be, look, smell, sound, feel,

taste, seem, appear, become, get, stay, etc

The pizza tastes nice

What an amazing day! It’s their graduation They’re

| wearing long, black

gowns They look happy and excited

as it’s a very special occasion,

There are opinion adjectives and fact adjectives Opinion adjectives (clever, wonderful, etc) show what a person thinks of somebody or something Fact adjectives (short, big, old, etc) give us factual

information about somebody or something, that is, they |

describe what somebody or something is really like

The adjectives in the following pairs have a difference

in meaning:

a) He gave her a gold ring for her birthday

(= a ring made of gold) The Bahamas are famous for their golden beaches (= beaches the colour of gold)

b) Sue bought a silk dress (= a dress made of silk)

| love having silky hair (= hair which feels like silk) c) They have a lovely stone wall in their garden

(=a wall made of stone)

He had a stony expression on his face (= a cold and unresponsive expression, like stone)

the first two days (NOT: the-two-first-days)

Adjectives ending in -ed/-ing

° Adjectives ending in -ing express what something is like The film was boring (What was it like? Boring.)

Ordinal numbers (first, second, third, etc) go before cardinal numbers (one, two, three, etc)

The adjectives afraid, alike, alive, alone, ashamed, asleep, awake, content, glad, ill, pleased, etc are

never followed by a noun The boy was ashamed The students were pleased

We do not usually use a long list of adjectives before a single noun A noun is usually described by one, two

or three adjectives at the most an elegant, red, silk dress

° Adjectives ending in -ed express how we feel about something We were bored (How did we feel? Bored.)

ET] Look at the picture and the adjectives in bold a) How are they placed in the sentences? b) Which

" adjectives are opinion adjectives and which ones are fact? What do they describe? What is the order of opinion and fact adjectives in a sentence? c) Which adjective describes how a person feels and which describes what something is like? How are they formed?

Fill in the gaps with the adjectives in the

" correct order

1 Tess wants a small, red, leather (leather/small/red) handbag

2 I needa (new/black/smart) suit for the wedding

3 Damian wants to sell his

ceeeecneeeeesnneeeenens (American/old/blue) car

4 Mumis ordering Dada

(beautiful/wooden/big) desk for his office

Choose the correct adjective

1 This is a very interested/interesting book

2 Working shifts is quite tired/tiring

3 Lucy is frightened/frightening of dogs

4 | think being a journalist is an excited/exciting occupation

5 Mum gets annoyed/annoying when we don’t tidy our bedrooms

6 | get bored/boring on the bus ride home from college.

⁄œ®

Adjectives —- Adverbs \ )

aa

t He drives slowly The event was badly organised You

Ul are absolutely wrong She dances extremely well |

ý An adverb can be one word (sleepily) or a phrase |

| e Adverbs describe verbs, past participles, adjectives

and other adverbs

(before dinner) Adverbs can describe manner (how), place (where), time (when), frequency

(how often), degree (to what extent), etc

She acts amazingly (How does she act? Amazingly

> adverb of manner) Maria’s house is around the corner (Where is Maria’s house? Around the corner + adverb of place)

They rarely go to the theatre (How often do they go

to the theatre? Rarely > adverb of frequency)

We usually form an adverb by adding -ly to the ° Some adverbs do not follow these rules

| Adjectives ending in -le drop the -e and take -y Adjective Adverb| Adjective Adverb

| — simple - simply good —- well high — high

| Adjectives ending in a consonant + y drop the -y fast - fast long -— long

| ¢ Adjectives ending in -I take -ly careful - carefully early — early near — near

Adjectives ending in -ic usually take -ally ale: Để late straight — straight

re lì i : ụ ; right =— right wrong — wrong

| magic - magically BUT public — publicly deep - deep

| Adjectives ending in -e take -ly —

10 [ brave - bravely BUT true - truly I catch the early bus to college (adjective)

| | get up early every morning (adverb)

at Order of adverbs |

|) Adverbs of frequency go after the auxiliary verb e Adverbs of time, such as soon, now, now and

= (be, have, do), but before the main verb They then, go before the main verb, but after the

| have never been to a concert Kat is often late for auxiliary verb She later gave up trying We should

tích work He rarely does the gardening soon be home

e Adverbs of manner go before the main verb, e We can put an adverb at the beginning of a

1 after the auxiliary verb or at the end of the sentence if we want to emphasise it

sentence She happily agreed to marry him He is Suddenly, a strange man entered the room (manner) anxiously waiting for his exam results Please walk Outside, you'll find a beautiful garden (place)

up the stairs quietly! On Tuesday, we are having our term exam (time)

‘OK Adverbs of degree (absolutely, completely, © When there are two or more adverbs in the same

totally, extremely, very, quite, rather, etc) go sentence, they usually go in the following order:

before an adjective, an adverb and the main verb, manner - place — time Mr Jones works hard in

but after the auxiliary verb You are absolutely his office every day

right He draws quite well | completely agree with |f there is a verb of movement, such as go, come your decision He is extremely rude and leave, in the sentence, the adverbs usually go

> Adverbs of place and time usually go at the end in the following order: place - manner - time jo

of the sentence / haven’t seen Tina lately goes to work by train every morning

27

He’s trying hard to finish the project on time (= with

effort) Tim hardly speaks to anyone in the office (= scarcely)

The car in front of me stopped short when a dog ran

in the road (= suddenly) The play will begin shortly (= soon)

¢ The adverbs cheap(ly), loud(ly), quick(ly) and slow(ly) are often used without -ly in everyday English

Don't walk slow/slowly!

Look at the picture on page 27

a) What do the adverbs in bold express?

b) How do we form adverbs?

c) Where can adverbs appear within the sentence?

Write the adverbs of the following adjectives

slow strange

easy

helpful fast

bad

possible early

1 We usually go out on Fridays

c Tom is patiently waiting for his

appointment

4 | now realise Katie is right

5 She talks quietly on the phone

6 | rarely eat chocolate

7 He’s rather rude to me

8 [ think Roger is upstairs

9

0

The children are playing outside

Have you seen Emily lately?

(Z| Put the words below into the correct column

frequency

2 They are extremely kind people

e beautiful ¢ high ° carelessly ¢ long e lonely

° softly @ friendly ° right ¢ angrily * suddenly

* straight ¢ well * deep ° good ° elderly

%)| Put the adverbs in brackets in the correct

order in the sentence

1 Jack works (all day/hard) Jack works hard all day

2 Mr Thomas arrived (half an hour ago/suddenly/in the office)

l9) Choose the correct item

1 Paul goes to the gym direct/directly after college

2 We're under a lot of pressure late/lately

Faye has got lovely gold/golden hair

4 The cinema tickets are free/freely with the

magazine

5 Joseph near/nearly had a car crash

6 | was about to go into Mrs Franks’ office, but | stopped short/shortly when | saw she was with another student

7 \s that a silk/silky dress?

8 The Internet connection is poor; the web pages can hard/hardly load

9 This is a high/highly successful company

10 We’re building a stone/stony wall around

our garden

11 | am deeply/deep grateful for your help

12 Hurry up! The bus is leaving short/shortly

Olga: Hello, Maggie

Maggie: Hi, Olga! What a 1) horrible/horribly

day! The weather is 2) awful/awfully!

Olga: | know! It’s raining 3) heavy/heavily

here and the thunder is rumbling 4) loud/loudly Poor Patch, my dog, is 5) terrifying/terrified! I’m not going out today!

Maggie: 6) Lucky/Luckily you! I’m going to an

exhibition with my college art class

Olga: That sounds 7) interested/interesting

Maggie: Yes, it does! The thing is that I’m

waiting for a taxi to take me to the train station but it’s running 8) late/lately |

9) real/really don’t want to miss my train What time is it now? :

Olga: It’s 10) near/nearly 8.30 ;

Maggie: OK, I’d better call the taxi company

again Talk to you soon!

EWeif/eiil<xerz/ triends/watch filme IIfolm[-YrfeliIx4/(ofzIf(=UlI ˆ : happy,

ii »® We use the comparative to

compare one person or thing

with another

Maria is older than her best friend

We use the superlative to

compare one person or thing

with more than one person or

thing of the same group

Tom is the friendliest person in

the class

ileletepe ae

Here is a photo of my best friends! Lara is the tallest one | and Kim is the one with the | longest hair! I'm shorter than ||

them, but I’m the eldest We ||

are all very good students, | but | think Lara is by far the

| cleverest in the class Kim is |

Adjectives Positive Comparative Superlative

of one syllable add -(e)r/-(e)st to form small smaller (than) the smallest (offin) their comparative and superlative forms lige big larger (than) bigger (than) the largest Cot/iny the biggest (of/in)

of one syllable ending in vowel +

consonant, double the last consonant | thin thinner the thinnest (of/in)

and add -er/-est

of two syllables ending in -ly, -y, -w also sil sillier (than) the silliest (of/in) add -er/-est or -ier/-iest lazy lazier (than) the laziest (of/in) ;

shallow shallower (than) the shallowest (of/in)

of two or more syllables take polite more polite (than) the most polite (of/in) more/most interesting | more interesting (than)| the most interesting (of/in)

¢ We normally use than with the comparative form Tim car is faster than John’s car

e We normally use the of/in (in refers to places, groups, etc) with the superlative form Jack’s the most popular of all the students Jack’s the most popular student in his class

e Certain adjectives form their comparative and superlative either with -er/-est or more/most These are:

clever, common, cruel, friendly, gentle, narrow, pleasant, quiet, shallow, simple, stupid, polite

gentle — gentler — gentlest ALSO gentle — more gentle — most gentle

Adverbs Positive} Comparative} Superlative adverbs having the same form as their adjectives add -er/-est | late later the latest early drops -y and adds -ier/-iest early earlier the earliest two-syllable adverbs and those formed by adding -ly to their | often more often | the most often adjectives take more/most calmly | more calmly | the most calmly

Irregular forms

se elder/eldest (+noun) (adj): for members of a

family My eldest brother is a professor BUT My

sister is older than me (NOT: elder than)

s further/farther (adv) = longer (in distance) My

friendS house is further/farther away from college than my house

further (adj) = more Paul went to hospital for

st

Comparisons

Types of comparisons

le ast adjective/adverb + as (to show that two people

or things are similar/different in some way) In

negative sentences we use not as/so as

Kim is as attractive as her twin sister

The new sofa isn’t as/so comfortable as our old one

ø less + adjectives/adverb + than (to express the

difference between two people or things.) The

opposite is more than

The blue dress is less elegant than the red one Tom visits his grandparents less often than he used

to

|e the least + adjective/adverb +of/in (to compare one

person or thing with two or more people or things of the same group.) The opposite is the most of/in

This is the least expensive hotel in Paris

Tom dresses the least casually in the office

e very + positive degree (to emphasise an adjective or

an adverb)

lan is a very polite person

Karen ran very fast in the race

|* even/much/a lot/far/a little/a bit/slightly +

comparative (to emphasise the degree of difference between two people or things)

Harry researches his essays much more carefully than his best friend

¢ by far + the + superlative (to emphasise the

difference between one person or thing and two or more people or things of the same group)

Complete the table

adjective comparative superlative

more clever/ 18) ve

cleverer

13 Write the comparative and superlative

forms of the following adverbs

slowly the most slowly hard

Choose the correct item

1 Ted’s new job isn’t as exciting as/than his old one

2 The instructions are less/least complicated than | expected

3 Mrs Evans is by far/much the nicest

professor we have

This hotel is the more/most famous in town

Juliette is very/slightly older than | am

Ron is even/by far cleverer than Mike

He is far/more lazier than the rest of us

This project is very/a lot more difficult than the last one

9 | can’t type as fast than/as Michelle

10 Tina is much/by far more creative than

Abigail

Put the adjectives/adverbs in brackets into

~~ the correct form

1 The red dress is more expensive

(expensive) than the blue one

2_ Doing experimeni$ ÌS c vi

(interesting) part of our Chemistry lessons

3 Please, could you write your answers a little

“hRt8thoizg8i8ã0 0101280 08/1318-73908 (clearly) next time?

4 Elaine iS MUCN sence (happy) now that she’s back at college

Š TevorÐelhaVOS: s.ceceesesassesnsisrsosnisaaasseaaaas

(calmly) than Jim in stressful situations.

summer camp leader Help me choose!

being outside But it is 5) job of the three and probably pays the 6) money

- The summer camp leader has 7) hours of all, so it's a 8) tiring job, but it’s also fun It looks 9) good on your 5

CV, too, because you need to be responsible, energetic and patient You get 10) any time off, but you do get 14)

money than a waiter or a builder, so | think this is the 12)

job for you

Let me know what you decide! 6

Paul

7

1 A busy B busier © busiest

2 A most stressful B more stressful C stressful

3 A smarter B smart Cc smartly

4 A more suitable B most suitable C suitable 8

5 A dangerous B more dangerous

C the most dangerous

6 A less B least C little 9

7 A the longest B longer € long

8 A much B very C by far

9 A real B really C more real 40

10 A hard B_ hardest C hardly

11 A more B mosi Cc much

12 A good B_ better Cc best

32

1 A: Stuart

: Yes, she sings

Put the adjectives/adverbs in

—— brackets into the correct form,

adding any necessary words

: Thank you, but my sister

SPEAKS it cireceseescneveroneronen

ewe (fluently) than | do

| miss the children when

they’re away

: | know The house is much

(quiet) without them

: Annabelle has got a lovely voice

(beautifully)

of all the girls

: Nick seems distracted

meal of the day

: Angela has got some

lovely clothes

: Yes, she dresses TERE (elegantly) than anyone else at college : Nick is so big! How old is

he now?

: He’s twelve He’s we (tall) student in his class : It’s a lovely day today

: 1 know, but | think it’s

slightly (cold) than yesterday

: Debbie is a good driver : Yes, she drives a lot

— (carefully) than her brother

A more expensive

Bas expensive

C most expensive

B larger

My sister goes shopping than | do

A more often B most often

C often See our website for information

A farther B_ further Cc far Jenny feels better today, so she’s

going to the gym

A very B most C much Yours is the nicest room in the house

A far B alot C by far Tomorrow we're getting up than we usually do

A earlier B earliest C early It’s raining than it was yesterday

A heavy B more heavily

C most heavily

Jason is even than Carl

A_ strongest B strong

Cc stronger Susan is than her brother

A elder B older C oldest

My new flat is a bit than my old one

A_ smallest B_ smaller

Cc small

This is book |’ve ever read!

A confusing B more confusing

C the most confusing Trevor isn’t good at sports as me

A even B so C much

He seems like the friendly boy in the

group, but he’s just shy

A least B less C little

My flatmate is slightly than me, but she often borrows my clothes

A_ slimmest B slim C slimmer

19 Complete the second sentence so that it

—=“" means the same as the first Use up to

three words

1 Pete and Steve are exactly the same age

Pete is as o/d as Steve

2 Daisy’s essay isn’t as interesting as Susie's SUSi©'S @8S§AV ̧ .eeeee than Daisy’s

3 No one in the house has got a bigger room

than Daniel

Daniel has got .- cà room

in the house

4 Carrie has a lot more patience than Nicola

Carrie Ì8 Íaf cv than Nicola

5 Ben isn’t as helpful as his brother

BN IS assesses his brother

6 | think Maths is an extremely easy subject

I think Maths is by Íar

subject

Speaking

Jane wants to work in retail when she’s older,

but now she’s looking for a weekend job She has asked you to help her choose Compare the three jobs she is thinking of applying for using the following adjectives/adverbs:

° well-paid + long ¢ far © exciting e formally Shop assistant: £7 an hour, 8 hours, 3 kms from her house, very busy shop which celebrities go

to, be professionally dressed

Waitress: £6.50 an hour, 6 hours, 2 kms from her

house, quiet local café, be casually dressed A: The waitress’ job is better paid than the babysitter’s

B: Yes, but the shop assistant’s job is the best paid of all

Writing

Use the information from the Speaking activity to write an email to Jane comparing the jobs

33

[

Present simple — Present continuous

a) Read Belinda’s blog and put the verbs in brackets in the correct form

b) Match the verbs to their use

A) a fixed arrangement in the near future

B) a stative verb C) a temporary action

D) a daily routine E) a permanent state

c) What other uses of the present continuous and present simple can you think of? Give examples

Hi readers! What 1) (you/do) this summer? | 2) (volunteer) at Bristol Zoo until the beginning of September I’m always excited to get to work | 3) (think) it’s the best job in the world! Every day, |

(start) work in the Reptile House

(clean) the snakes’ tanks and | (feed) the crocodiles They’re bigger than they look on TV, but that’s not as scary

At 1 o'clock today, | 8) friend Amy for lunch Amy, who 9) Zoology at Bristol University, 10)

(want) to work with lions in Asia Not many lions

11) sẽ

has a few Their names are Kamran, Ketan and

Shiva Kamran and Ketan are still babies They are

so cute! It’s Amy’s job to look after them

In the afternoons, | usually 12)

(take) visitors on tours around the zoo It’s the part

of the day which | enjoy the most But tomorrow afternoon | 13) (not/do) a tour

Instead, we are having a special show for children inside the Reptile House The children can learn about snakes and even hold one, but very few of them want to!

So, when 14) (you/all/come) to visit the zoo? | can’t wait to show you everything! It

(not/cost) much to enter; you

can find out more at www.bristolzoo.org.uk

Adverbs of frequency

Circle the adverbs of frequency in Belinda’s

~~ blog Use them to make a sentence of your own Where do we place an adverb of frequency in a sentence?

a) What is a stative verb? Find and

underline all the stative verbs in the text

b) Look at the highlighted parts in the text How does the verb have differ in meaning? c) What other stative verbs do you know that can have continuous forms? How does their meaning differ? Give examples

Relative clauses

(Zz) Find a defining and a non-defining clause in

“ the text How do the two types of clause differ?

Adjectives - Adverbs - Comparisons

( Circle the comparative and superlative

~ forms in the blog What other type of comparison can you see? When do we use each form?

Quantifiers

a) Highlight all the quantifiers in the text Give examples of more quantifiers, and say how they are used

b) How do a few/(very) few, a little/(very) little differ in meaning?

Question words

a) Find two question words in the blog

How are they used? Which question words

do we use to ask about: possession?

reason? manner? place?

b) In pairs, ask and answer questions based on the blog using question words

A: Where is Belinda working this summer?

B: At Bristol Zoo

Pronouns

a) Find all the personal pronouns in the

— blog What type is each? Write S (subject)

or O (object)

b) Now find two possessive adjectives

What comes after them?

c) Find examples of the possessive case in the blog How do we form the possessive case? Give examples

A is the train leaving B_ the train leaves

C does the train leave

2 My sisters my jewellery without asking

It's so annoying!

A always take

C always takes

Bare always taking

3 “Have you got a mobile phone?”

“Ves, | ”

A have B do C have got

4 2014 is the year | finished college

A where B_ which C when

5 Is there flour left? | want to make a cake

A many B much Cc alotof

6 Walk lvy Street for 100 metres and then

turn left

A past B along Cc among

7 This is Tom’s bike, but the helmet is

A Who's B Who C Whose

10 The traffic in the city worse every year

A is becoming B become

C becomes

11 Greg plays the piano than anyone else

in our Music class

A better B best C well

12 These boots, | wear in the winter, are

from Milan

A whose B which € that

13 “ do you play tennis?”

“Once a week,”

A Howlong B How far C How often

14 Tony and Elaine from Toronto in Canada

A is B are € am

15 Those are the bikes They’re inside

playing in Robin's room

A boys’ B boy’s C boys

16 This meal amazing! You're a great cook

A istasting B tastes C taste

Revision (Starter - Unit 3)

`

—

17 I'm finding it difficult to sleep night

A in B at Con

18 Robert can solve Maths problems

A more easily B easy C easily

19 , shopping tomorrow?

A You go B Are you going

C Do you go

20 Thisis the hardest test we've ever done

A by far B far Cc very

21 Evans shoots and !

A score B scores C is scoring

22 | more fruit these days

A 'meating B eat C eats

23 Ben at the library now

A is studying B studies C study

24 Thesun in the west

A sets B set C is setting

25 Emperor penguins in Antarctica,

A areliving B lives C live

‘ammar in’ Focus

Fill in the correct form of the word in

brackets, choose the correct word or fill

B We1) got guitar, piano and singing

teachers, and even a professional Du! Mike

Nljm==< 2/000 c is a famous musician, is 3) our/ours special guest He 4)

(play) the drums for the band Wishing Well, and he is bringing 5) him/his drum kit with

music at Barnes Academy this summer! 35

2) lose control of feelings

She broke down and cried when she heard the

terrible news

break in/break into (a building) = enter by force

or illegally The burglars broke in/into our neighbours’ house and took all their jewellery

break into = start singing, smiling, etc suddenly Her face broke into a smile when she saw her newborn baby

break out = 1) begin suddenly (war, fire, etc)

The Great Fire of London broke out on 2nd

bring about = cause sth to happen The new chancellor has brought about many changes to the university

bring out = release (e.g a new record) or publish

(e.g a new book) The famous writer is bringing

out her next novel this summer

bring sb round = 1) cause sb to regain consciousness Kim's friends used cold water to bring her round

2) persuade Talk to Sam and try to bring him round to our way of thinking

bring up = 1) raise a child Her parents brought her up on the farm

2) to introduce (a matter) for discussion The scientists brought up the issue of global warming

They had to bring Beth round when she fainted

Fill in the correct particle

edown ein e into * out eup

1 Jill and Simon usually visit — their grandparents when the schools break sans for the summer holidays

2 Jake broke song when he heard the

great news

3 In World War | fighting broke in

1914 and ended in 1918

4 The burglars broke the house while

the family was on holiday

5 Maria took her car to the mechanic as it

broke this morning

6 A dangerous criminal broke_ of

prison yesterday

7 Sam broke when his friend told him

the bad news

Choose the correct particle

1 The villagers brought up/about the issue of road safety at their monthly meeting

2 Gandhi managed to bring about/around a revolution in India

3 The popular pop singer is bringing up/out her new single in the summer

4 It was very hard for Jane to bring up/out

her child on her own

5 Their argument brought him up/round to her way of thinking

6 Fortunately, the paramedics managed to

bring the patient round/out after the

accident

accuse sb of (doing) sth (v) advantage of (n)

afraid of sb/sth (adj)

annoyed about/by sth (ad) annoyed at/with sb (adj) apologise to sb for sth (v)

a question) (v) associate with sb (v) astonished at/by sth (adj)

attitude towards/to (n) aware of sth (adj)

borrow sth from sb (v)

blame sb/sth for sth (v) (lay/put the) blame on sb/sth (n)

brilliant at sth (adj) bump into sb/sth (v)

their A {aim at sb/sth (v)

break amazed at/by sth (adj)

angry at/with sb for (doing) sth (adj)

; 1 People always associate Greece

d him summer holidays

2 Peter was annoyed his neighbour's

loud party

3 The shop assistant accused the young boy

mm 3 stealing the chocolate bar

sue

= 4 Tom is in trouble because of his bad

d attitude his professors

ind a B5 Amanda arrived Paris late on

Saturday night

p/out 6 The new teacher is aiming ẫ `

improving the students’ grades

p/out 7 The worker asked his boss a pay 5

Do you believe in/at ghosts?

Irene is brilliant at/with ballet

Jo usually borrows clothes for/from her older sister

The expensive new car parked outside belongs for/to my new neighbour

The baby soon got bored for/with his new toy

The taxi driver blamed me for/of the accident

| was angry to/with Maria for breaking my

laptop

Lucy is afraid of/by dogs

| | Choose the correct preposition

Katy wasn’t aware the fact that her purse was missing

A of B by C from Ben apologised , Martin for lying to him

A at B to Cc from

I get annoyed my sister when she talks

on the phone all evening

A of B for Cc with Abby applied the bank for a credit card

A to B at Cc in

We were astonished how good the play was

A of B from € by Toby was ashamed the way he spoke

MandYy is a cce and works

†or The New York Times JOURNAL

They asked a graphic .:

to create a cover for their new album

DESIGN

| think Rob Keeves is the best

in the play ACT TONY 1S A LQICAL orwissscrcsiccwecesinens who can play seven different instruments MUSIC

{ enjoy drawing and painting and | want to

BE AN sivennwencnavcroimorensies when | grow

up ART

37

2 “ ` ⁄

Annie was riding her bike when

she fell and cut her knee

Yesterday morning, Oliver went

to the beach He was sunbathing while he was checking his emails

_z^440I5/2Á

It was a lovely spring day The sun

was setting and a gentle breeze was

blowing when Anna went for a walk

Monet created many famous

paintings Martin rode to school when he

1/You/He/She/It/We/They I/He/She/It was walking

AFFIRMATIVE watched SERIRMATIVE We/You/They were walking

I/You/He/She/It/We/They I/He/She/It wasn’t walking

NEGATIVE didn’t watch Af À1 EU We/You/They weren’t walking

INTERROGATIVE Did 1/you/he/she/it/we/they INTERROGATIVE Was I/he/she/it walking?

watch? Were we/you/they walking?

Yes, I/you/he/she/it/we/they Yes, I/he/she/it was

did Yes, we/you/they were

SHORT ANSWERS No, I/you/he/she/it/we/they SHORT ANSWERS Na, he/she wasn

didn’t No, we/you/they weren’t

Time words/phrases used with the past simple:

yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week/

month/year, two hours/days/weeks/months/years

ago, when, then, in 2003, etc

Time words/phrases used with the past continuous:

while, when, as, all day/ night/morning, all day

Verbs ending in -e take only -d phone — phoned

Verbs ending in a consonant + y, drop the -y and take -ied

study — studied

Verbs ending in a vowel + y, take -ed play - played

Verbs ending in one stressed vowel between two consonants,

double the last consonant before the -ed stop — stopped

BUT open — opened, fix — fixed

Verbs ending in -I, double the | before they take -ed

cancel — cancelled

Irregular verbs do not form the past simple by adding -ed

break — broke, give - gave

The suffix -ed is pronounced:

e /1d/ when the verbs end in a /t/ or /d/ sound shifted, landed, afforded

e /t/ when the verbs end in a /k/,

/s/, It{/, I{/, 1f/ or /p/ sounds

booked, kissed, matched, brushed,

laughed, stopped

° /d/ when the verb ends in any

other sound changed, cared,

| We use the past simple for:

/) e anaction that happened at a definite time (stated

or implied) in the past “ Tom moved to Glasgow a year ago (time stated)

He got a job in a big law firm there (time implied)

| © actions that happened immediately one after the

| other Tim woke up, had his breakfast and got ready

f for work ;

| « habits and states which are finished

Sam spent his summer holidays in Greece when he

was younger

la past action which won't take place again

Shakespeare wrote many plays (He's now dead He won't be writing any more.)

We use the past continuous:

e for an action which was in progress at a stated time in the past We don’t mention when the action started or finished jon was studying for his Maths exam on Sunday evening

for two or more simultaneous actions in the past

Sam was surfing the Net while he was talking on the phone

s for an action which was in progress when another action interrupted it We use the past continuous for the action in progress (the longer action) and the past simple for the action which

interrupted it (the shorter action) Alex was having

a bath when the phone rang

e to describe the atmosphere, setting, etc and to give background information to a story /t was a cold winter’s day The children were sitting by the fire, while their mum was reading a story

when/while/as + past continuous

_ | (longer action in progress)

| When/While/As she was watching TV, the power went out

when + past simple (shorter action which interrupts the action in progress) Bob was surfing the Net when the lights went off

(went off is a shorter action than was surfing.)

(was watching TV is a longer action than went out.)

Look at the pictures (A-F) and underline all the verbs

a) What tense are they? How do we form the affirmative, negative and interrogative of these tenses? b) Which of the uses of these tenses does each verb show?

2)| Write the past simple of the verbs in the list

in the correct box

e*move etry * travel * stay e stop plan

*rescue e cry e destroy * worry e play

* control ¢ survive ° slip * model * enjoy

© quarrel » change e chop ° carry

moved,

-e+d

double consonant + -ed

consonant + ;y— -ied

Vowel + -y + -ed

verbs ending in -l — -led

(&)] Put the verbs in the past simple and write

them under the correct heading Then read them aloud

se sound ¢ watch ° recover e miss ° enjoy

° damage ¢ erupt * want e walk ° demand

e wash e finish s warn * cause ¢ save ° help

e shout ° relax ¢ dance ° appear ° accept

® move e count e clean

"d/ “tư /q/

sounded waiched recovered