MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING MINISTRY OF CONSTRUCTION VIET NAM INSTITUTE FOR BUILDING SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY *** NGUYEN CONG KIEN RESEARCH ON ASSESSMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL GEOTECHNICAL CONDITIONS[.]
Trang 1NGUYEN CONG KIEN
RESEARCH ON ASSESSMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL GEOTECHNICAL CONDITIONS AND ESTABLISHMENT OF MONITORING SYSTEM FOR HAZARD PREVENTION AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF THE RED RIVER
DYNAMIC ZONE IN HANOI
SUMMARY OF PHDTHESIS IN ENGINEERING
MAJOR: Geological Engineering
Hanoi - Year 2023
Trang 2The thesis is completed at
VIET NAM INSTITUTE FOR BUILDING SCIENCE
AND TECHNOLOGY
SCIENCE INSTRUCTOR
1 Prof TSKH Tran Manh Lieu
University of Natural Sciences - Hanoi National University
2 TS Dinh Quoc Dan
Viet Nam Institute for Building Science and Technology
Counterargument 1:
Counterargument 2:
The thesis was defended before the Junior Thesis Judging Committee at the Viet Nam Institute for Building Science and Technology, 81 Tran Cung, Nghia Tan, Cau Giay District, Hanoi, at 13:30 on July 10, 2023
The thesis can be found at:
The National Library Viet Nam
The Library of Viet Nam Institute for Building Science and Technology
Trang 3PUBLISHED WORKS
[1] Nguyen Cong Kien, "Scientific basis for setting up a monitoring
network for geotechnical environment for disaster prevention and sustainable development of Red River Dynamic zone in Hanoi", Proceeding of the 4th International Conference VietGeo 2018, Quang Binh, 21-22 September, 2018 (ISBN: 978-604-67-1141-4)
[2] Nguyen Cong Kien, "Characteristics and status of geotechnical
systems of Red River Dynamic zone in Hanoi," Journal of Construction Science and Technology, vol 1, 2019
[3] Nguyen Cong Kien, "Assessment of the risk of permeable
deformation in the dyke bed of the Red River Dynamic zone in Hanoi," Journal of Construction Science and Technology, vol 4,
2020
[4] Nguyen Cong Kien, Dinh Quoc Dan, "Scientific basis for building a
system for monitoring and monitoring environmental geotechnical hazards in the Red River dynamic zone in Hanoi", Journal of Construction Science and Technology, vol 4, 2021
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PREAMBLE
1 The urgency of the topic
Hanoi is the Cultural - Economic - Socio-Economic capital of the country, where there has been a rapid urbanization development in the past decades and the following years The 37,000 hectares of land between the two Red River dykes has full potential in planning for effective use but also contains complexities in assessing geotechnical and environmental conditions and establishing a monitoring system for disaster prevention to
be able to sustainably develop this area The proposed exploitation and use planning has been proposed such as: Red River Township Project in 1994, proposed by investors from Singapore In 2006, Hanoi leaders and the mayor of Seuol City (South Korea) signed a cooperation agreement on planning, renovation and development of the two banks of the Red River with a project called "City by the River" In 2018, three large domestic real estate companies continued to contribute their own funds for research and planning on both sides of the Red River, but so far these projects have only stopped at comments and recommendations
In fact, this is a dynamic zone that is assessed to have many potential risks arising and developing environmental geotechnical hazards from diverse interaction activities in types, abnormal changes in characteristics over time and space associated with human exploitation activities, accompanying the transformation of the riverbed along with a heterogeneous geological structure, characterized by geological characteristics of the work that varies sharply in area and depth, leading to dynamism during use The terrain changes in an imbalanced state with intertwined accumulation and erosion processes, the Red River is becoming a "hanging" river that causes river bank instability and threatens the stability of the entire levee line (levee breakage) when floodwaters rise
In addition, the study of the use of dynamic zones is still difficult in the provisions of the Law on Dikes, at the same time, the system of monitoring stations providing data is small and discrete, the measurement parameters for forecast calculation are still incomplete and synchronous Starting from the goal of sustainable exploitation and use of this area,
it is necessary to study and assess the specific geotechnical and environmental conditions of the dynamic zone, and at the same time identify environmental geotechnical hazards that may arise and develop, causing risks to human economic dynamics An environmental geotechnical monitoring system to provide input parameters for models,
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calculation, forecasting and proposing measures to prevent environmental geotechnical hazards with sufficient scientific basis for sustainable development of dynamic zones is really necessary
The thesis "Research on assessment of environmental geotechnical
conditions and establishment of monitoring system for hazard prevention and sustainable development of the Red River dynamic zone in Hanoi" is
set as an urgent need, from both scientific and practical perspectives
2 Research objectives
- Elucidating the geotechnical and environmental conditions of the Red River dynamic zone in Hanoi for sustainable exploitation of the dynamic zone
- Establish a basis and build a monitoring system for forecasting, hazards prevention and sustainable development models
3 Subjects and scope of research
- The research object is the environmental geotechnical conditions of the Red River dynamic zone in Hanoi and the corresponding monitoring system
- The scope of the study of the Red River dynamic zone in Hanoi includes the territory between the two dykes and the area of influence The research area covers an area of more than 37,000 hectares, stretching about 117
KM, from Thai Hoa commune, Ba Vi district to Km 117, Quang Lang commune, Phu Xuyen district with the depth of the Quaternary sedimentary area
4 Research content
In order to accomplish the above-mentioned tasks, the thesis focuses
on the following main contents:
1) General study of Environmental Geoengineering, theoretical basis of technical-natural systems and monitoring systems for hazards prevention 2) Study on the characteristics of formation, structure, nature, operation and environmental geotechnical conditions of the technical-natural system
of the Red River dynamic zone in Hanoi
3) Research, analyze, evaluate and establish hazard risk assessment maps
as a basis for the establishment of a dynamic environmental geotechnical monitoring system
4) Rationalize and establish an environmental geotechnical monitoring system to predict, prevent and prevent hazards and sustainably develop the Red River Dynamic Zone in Hanoi
5 Research approach and methods
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5.1 Approach
- System approach: Red River Dynamic Zone is considered as a unified interactive system between 3 components: engineering system, geological environment and surroundings
- Integrated approach (inheritance - development-application): Inheritance
of norms, standards, technical instructions and basic research results available domestic and foreign relevance
5.2 Research methodology:
To solve the tasks of the thesis, research methods include: Systems theoretical methods; Retrospective methods; Expert methods; Analytic and numerical methods (analysis, data processing, mapping, GIS, aircraft image analysis, satellite, Geoslope, ArcGIS, ENVI);
6 Defense thesis
The thesis focuses on defending the following theses:
Thesis 1: Environmental geotechnical conditions of the Red River
dynamic zone in Hanoi are complex, strongly changing with space and time, characterized by: The geological environment is heterogeneous (with
23 stratigraphic subdivisions), sensitive to types of impacts The impact factors from economic-construction activities and the surrounding environment to the geological environment are diverse and drastically transformed These are factors, conditions and causes arising from the development of environmental geotechnical hazards In which, the main accidents include: deformation of dike permeability; riverbank erosion; flooding off river banks; Uneven subsidence of dikes with very different hazard risk zones
Thesis 2: The geotechnical environmental monitoring system of the Red
River dynamic zone in Hanoi is built on the basis of hazards risk zoning maps and component maps of 4 corresponding hazards
7 The new point of the topic
1 Environmental geotechnical conditions of the Red River dynamic zone
in Hanoi vary with space and time, which shall be fully analyzed and evaluated on the basis of the theory of technical-natural systems
2 The system of zoning maps to assess the hazards risk of Red River dynamic zone is built on the basis of a full analysis of factors, conditions and causes of hazards and is divided according to different risk levels
3 The integrated environmental geotechnical monitoring system shall be established on the basis of integrating 4 hazards risk zoning maps and component maps corresponding to full scientific and practical bases for
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hazard prevention and sustainable development of the Red River dynamic zone in Hanoi
8 Scientific and practical significance
1 Scientific significance: It complements the theoretical and methodological basis for the new research direction of environmental geoengineering
2 Practical significance: The research results of the thesis can be implemented soon in fact, the system of environmental geotechnical monitoring of the Red River dynamic zone and applied to other areas
9 Material Basis of the Thesis
The thesis is built on the basis of the results of key topics in Hanoi cities that have been accepted in which the author is a direct participant [59,60] In addition, the thesis also uses documents of units such as: Documents of boreholes, geological survey of works and project results of the Viet Nam Institute for Building Science and Technology, Institute of Hydrocong - Vietnam Institute of Water Resources, Institute of Geology - Vietnam Academy of Technology and Science, Institute of Geotechnology - Vietnam Union of Science and Technology Associations, University of Natural Sciences - Hanoi National University, University of Mines and Geology, National Center for Water Resources Planning and Investigation
9 Structure of the Thesis
The thesis consists of an Introduction, 4 chapters of research results, conclusions and recommendations, references and appendices
Chapter I: Overview of Red River Dynamic Zone, Environmental geoengineering, Theoretical Foundations of Technical-Natural Systems and Monitoring for Hazard Prevention
Chapter II: Technical-Nature systems and environmental geotechnical conditions of the Red River Dynamic Zone in Hanoi
Chapter III: Assessment of risk zoning of environmental geotechnical hazards in the Red River Dynamic Zone in Hanoi
Chapter IV: Basic evidence and establishment of environmental geotechnical monitoring system for hazards prevention and sustainable development of the Red River Dynamic Zone in Hanoi
CHAPTER 1: OVERVIEW OF THE RED RIVER DYNAMIC ZONE,ENVIRONMENTAL GEOENGINEERING, THEORETICAL FOUNDATIONS OF TECHNICAL-NATURAL SYSTEMS AND SERVICE MONITORING FOR HAZARD PREVENTION
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1.1 Red River Dynamic Zone formation and Development
The Red River was formed on the main fault and many secondary faults extending from Weixi, Yunnan, China running along the Red River valley to the Gulf of Tonkin, during the Quaternary period, went through cycles of sea advancement and sea recession The Red River Dynamic Zone is a Quaternary sedimentary zone that is continuously altered due to the flow modification effect of the Red River, whereby the dynamic zone has a depth to the end of the Quaternary sedimentary depth In order to exploit and use the Red River cave zone, people have built a dike system
to control floods, from which the Red River system has been formed Over more than 1000 years, the Red River has caused the flow of the Red River
to change and be controlled, forming a new formation that is constantly changing The terrain elevation, geomorphology are seriously imbalanced and the Red River gradually becomes the "Hanging River" This has led to the development of processes and hazards with different characteristics of this zone, which is the reason for the formation of the "Red River Dynamic
Zone in Hanoi: is the land between the two dykes and its influence zone in
Hanoi, where frequent and continuous environmental geotechnical processes and environmental geotechnical hazards affect the socio-economic development of the area", which needs to be studied for the purpose of sustainable development
Since the last decades of the 20th century, there have been many published research results on geology and sediments of the Quaternary, typically with the works of authors Hoang Ngoc Ky, Ngo Quang Toan, on flow hydrodynamics by Nguyen Van Cu, Assoc Dr Nguyen Thi Kim Thoa, Tran Xuan Thai, Assoc TS Nguyen Huy Phuong Before 2008, the Red River cave zone in the former territory of Hanoi was studied on the conditions of the General CCP After 2008, there were studies on assessing EIA conditions conducted only in specific locations such as: studying the dyke system in Van Coc, Co Do, Phuc Tho, Vinh Phuc and Hung Yen by author Nghiem Huu Hanh Incident studies along the Red River dyke route
in Hanoi by Dr Tran Van Tu, 2012 Environmental geotechnical studies ofMr Hong's dynamic zone authored by Assoc TS Doan The Tuong, Assoc Dr Tran Manh Lieu, 2011
1.2 Environmental geotechnical and environmental geotechnical conditions
Environmental geoengineering is the study of the structure, nature
and operation of the technical - natural system, forecasting and prevention
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of environmental geotechnical hazards, ensuring the sustainable development of the technical - natural system
Environmental geotechnical conditions are a combination of factors
on the structure, nature and movement of the technical - natural system, corresponding processes and environmental geotechnical hazards affecting the sustainable development of the system
In general, environmental geotechnical conditions of a technical system include geology engineering conditions of sub-systems
natural-of geological environment systems, impact conditions natural-of sub-technical systems, impact conditions of sub-environmental systems and interactions between environmental geotechnical conditions to guide development directions, the environmental geotechnical status of the the technical - natural system under study
G.K.'s new researchdirections for environmental geoengineering, some new theories of physical-natural geography Bondarik, Iarg L.A [80], Trophimov V.T.'s theory of environmental ecology, Osipov V.I [81] Thenew research on geological environment monitoring of Korolev B.A., the monitoring of geological accidents by Seko A.I, the construction of the urban geological environment information system of Osipov.V.I have really come into play in the problems of planning and efficient use of land, proactively prevent accidents, mitigate damages, and develop sustainably
in territories in Russia and CIS countries As well as a series of developed industrial countries: USA, Canada, Sweden, Norway, Japan, etc But the outstanding issues remain: environmental assessment of construction works such as the BREEAM method, the EcoHome rating method, or the Ecopoints system is an environmental assessment tool in the UK [71,74] Design and construction of new waste storage structures, such as landfills used to treat municipal solid waste and hazardous waste;
In Vietnam, the proposal of rational use of territory towards sustainable development in the stages of planning, design, construction and economic development on the basis of research on environmental geotechnical conditions in our country has begun to be concerned, although methodologically limited Several individual studies have been conducted by Tran Manh Lieu [21, 23, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29], Doan The Tuong [58, 59, 60], Nguyen Huy Phuong [38, 39], Prof Pham Van Ty Through the above points, it can be seen that the issue of sustainable development of a territory is only considered independently, not towards sustainable development While the sustainable transformation of a
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territory depends on a lot of interrelated factors Inorder to ensure that a territory is sustainable, studies from the point of view of environmental geoengineering are required, and the issues of interplay between the geological environment and related factors affecting the sustainable development of that territory are considered in a unified body called the technical-natural system on the basis of the system theory of G.K Bondarik
is the foundation
1.2 Technical-natural systems theory
G.K Bondarik proposed the concept of natural-technical systems as follows:
The complex of natural and human interaction factors (considering all social, cultural-historical and technical perspectives) is considered as a unified system, called the technical-natural systems On an earth scale, the ICT is called aglobal natural-technical system
The boundary is defined as the contour of the interaction zone between the subsystems (where there is a discontinuity in the interaction between the subsystems) Boundaries can be determined by calculation of processes, possibly by up-to-date information about the state of the system due to monitoring
The technical-natural systems of course, in essence, physics has a hierarchical structure and is divided into levels depending on the purpose
of the study The system has the following hierarchical structure: chamlet unit (no further division); localhamlets; regionalhamlets; nationalhamlets; globalhamlets
The technical-natural systems has the following characteristic properties: adjustablesubstances; Dynamicsubstances; opensubstances; organizationalnature; self-organizingnature; tadaptogens
Interactive activities of sub-systems that generate processes and environmental geotechnical hazards: geological processes and building dynamics (including pollution); and geological processes, exogenous dynamics, natural and semi-anthropomorphic, terrestrial manifestations
of geological environment and environmental geotechnical hazards events 1.3 Monitoring system
1.3.1 Concept of environmental geotechnical monitoring
Observation is a portmanteau of Chinese and tracing, in which observation is observation, surveying is surveying Therefore, to observe
an object is to monitor the transformation of that object over time by
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1.3.2 Current status of monitoring and trends in application of new technologies
Monitoring has been carried out since the middle of the last century to monitor geotechnical parameters assessing the stability of natural slide blocks, of large construction projects (hydroelectric dams,causeways on weak foundations, ) By 60-70 with the development of geotechnical and environmental geotechnical subjects, monitoring has progressed to forecast and assess the effects of natural disasters on human activities such as neotectonic activities (uplift, lowering locality), earthquakes, tsunamis, mud and rock floods have been studied by Mexico, the United States, Europe, China and Thailand Currently, in Japan, there is a strongly developed monitoring system for disaster prevention with 6,726 water level stations and 10,051 rainfall stations Geodetic and technical techniques of underground space environments in urban areas in Paris, Moscow, Saint-Petersburg, which are models for calculating and evaluating disaster forecasts on the basis of monitoring data and decision-making systems adjusting corresponding processing
In Vietnam, the monitoring system is still a new job and is only an initial step, the research and practical application of monitoring only revolves around a specific type of work and project: large-scale leveling, causeways and foundation pits to deepen high-rise buildings Hanoi land surface subsidence monitoring system is due to groundwater extraction with 8 measuring stations in the Hanoi area The Red River dynamic zone area currently has 4 hydrological monitoring stations (Trung Ha, Son Tay, Hanoi, An Canh stations) besides Viet Tri station, Hung Yen station, stations with an average distance of about 35 Km In which, 2 stations
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Son Tay and Hanoi from 1902 were built by the French In addition, there have been a series of open-type (PH), closed-type (PZ) pore water pressure monitoring wells, which are no longer in operation
In short, the monitoring work has been implemented very early, in which specialized geotechnical observations are increasingly popular, all will be the basis for inheriting the construction of the environmental geotechnical monitoring system in the Red River Dynamic Zone That shows that the construction of an environmental geotechnical monitoring system is completely feasible, especially in recent years, the application of electronic and informatics technology has become more and more extensive
Conclusion of chapter 1
- The concept of environmental geoengineering and environmental geotechnical conditions based on the theory of technical-natural systems of course is a new perspective, introduced to solve the problems of sustainable development of technical - natural systems that are gradually developing and perfecting, so there's a lot of debate Especially in Vietnam, this perspective is still new, not studied much, still only locally
- Systems theory and specifically engineering-natural systems theory proposed by Prof G.K Bondarik is a very good theoretical basis for environmental geoengineering research, supporting comprehensive and thorough solving of complex multi-data problems such as stability problems of technical-natural systems of course
- The monitoring system is a basic characteristic and requirement in environmental geoengineering research from the point of view of technical-natural systems theory
CHAPTER 2: TECHNICAL - NATURAL SYSTEMS AND
ENVIRONMENTAL GEOTECHNICAL CONDITIONS OF THE
RED RIVER DYNAMIC ZONE IN HANOI 2.1 Technical and natural system of Red River caves in Hanoi
The technical-natural system of the Red River Dynamic Zone is composed of 3 sub-systems: sub-system of geological environment, sub-system of technical system (dykesystem plays the leading role) and sub-system of surrounding environment (hydrosphere plays the main role) are considered in a unified system
The operation of technical-natural systems of the Red River Dynamic Economic System is mainly determined by the interaction process between the 3 sub-systems (Figure 2.1) The consequences of the above interactions
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are the main environmental geotechnical hazards as follows: Deformation
of permeability; Riverbank erosion; Flooding of the strip of land beyond the levee; Uneven subsidence of the dike foundation
Figure 2 1 Operation of technical - natural system of the Red River
Dynamic Industrial Park system
2.2 Sub- systems of geological environment conditions
- Topography - heterogeneous geomorphology, strong fragmentation and severe imbalance The mudflats between the 2 dykes have an absolute elevation of 10-12 m, 5 to 7 m higher than the ground level in the central area of Hanoi The topography of the Red River is also correspondingly high and the Red River gradually becomes a "Hanging River"
- Modern tectonic movements and seismic activity are recorded along the existing system of deep fault zones (Red River fault zone, flowing river,
Lo 1 River fault (Vinh Ninh fault), Lot 2 River fault (Dong Anh fault),
- Complex geological background structure (multiple origins and material
composition), unstable, sensitive to natural, technical and technical -
natural influences, divided into 23 layers of rocks (stratigraphic classification) in order from top to bottom including: Sandy layers phase 1, 2a, 2b, 3b; Sand layers include grades 7a, 7b, 13a, 13b; clay-type soil layers of 4, 4a, 6, 8, 10, 14; Soil layers containing plant remnants belonging to weak soils include grade Ta, grade 5, grade 9, grade 11
- Hydrogeological features: 9aquifers and 7 aquifers can be distinguished
The most important and influential on the environmental geotechnical conditions of the Red River Dynamic Zone is the Holoxen aquifer of Thai Binh sediment This floor is located directly on the surface subject to the effects of hydrological, climatic conditions and technical impacts In addition, they are closely related to the aquifers beneath it, the most important of which are the upper Pleixtoxen aquifer qp2 and the
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Pleixtoxen aquifer below-above qp1 They are also directly related to Red River water and the dynamics of this stratum are influenced by river water dynamics
The above characteristics of the geological environment are favorable conditions for the generation and development of geological hazards within the scope of the study
2.3 Sub- system technical dynamic zone
Sub-systems technical of diverse and rich dynamic zones include: dike system; constructionand technical infrastructure works; Rivercorrection works (roof embankments, welding torches, culverts)
+ The dyke system in Hanoi has a history of more than 1000 years from the time (Ly Dynasty) to the present, with the task of flood protection and raising and expanding through the periods The river is covered with on-site waterproofing material with mainly phase lightning, the current height
of the dike is 4-6m, many places are higher The surface of the dike is on average 5-1.8m wide, the width of the dike body is 30-50m The static load
of the dike body acting on the dike foundation averages 0.86 kg/cm2 [27] The process and associated geological accidents include: Material removal and formation of a dry fissure system in the body of the; Uneven subsidence of the dike foundation; Seepage through dike bodies, dike foundations and earth platform processes, underground erosion, sand flowing downstream of the levee
+ Construction activities include housing construction activities in residential areas and river crossing bridges that significantly prevent the flow and raise the water level during the rainy and flood season According to annual statistics, the residential housing area increases by 20% in 3 years and the number of permanent houses on two floors increases by about 40-50% annually and makes the water level about 15-
20 cm higher during the flood season
+ Activities of exploiting construction materials, mainly coastal sand mining with 201 exploitation points, imbalance the river flow, change the stream regime, sedimentation regime, increase the risk of coastal erosion According to incomplete statistics, in the period of 2015 to 2020, it is about 37 million m3/year while the amount of additional sand mud in this period is about 10 million m3/year, which leads to erosion and landslides when combined with unplanned sand mining
2.4 Sub-systems environmental
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Sub-systems environmental (hydrosphere, biosphere, atmosphere and deep part of the lithosphere) in which the hydrosphere plays an important role, especially giving rise to the development of environmental geotechnical hazards
+ The Red River drainage in the dynamic area is dominated by the Da River, Thao River, Lo River, so the strong kinks change direction continuously (meandering coefficient from 1.3 to 1.5, radius of curvature varies from 2000m to 6000m) and the width of the riverbed changes sharply (corresponding to Hanoi water level 7.0m from 0.5 to 1.35Km, From the base of the dike, from 0.8 to 4.0 km) is one of the factors and conditions that form areas susceptibleto riverbank erosion
+ The water level, flow and direction of the Red River flow between the two fluctuate very strongly, especially at the time of rains and floods, different from the system of other river basins without Rising flood levels, increased levels, run off rates and material content are major causes of bank erosion, flooding and permeability deformation
CHAPTER 3: RISK ZONING ASSESSMENT OF
ENVIRONMENTAL GEOTECHNICAL HAZARDS
3.1 Environmental geotechnical hazards and hazard risk forecasting zoning
From the point of view of technical-natural systems theory, environmental geotechnical hazards are hazards that occur due to interactions between sub-systems of technical-natural systems
Environmental geotechnical hazards fall into two groups: (1) Biochemical hazards: water pollution, air pollution, and soil pollution (2) Hazards resulting from geomechanical and hydromechanical processes include: whotransforms the permeable deformation of the dike foundation; twho turns riverbank erosion; off-bank flooding and dike subsidence Within the framework of the thesis, the author only delves into the assessment of the zoning to predict the risk of accident groups formed from geomechanical and hydromechanical processes in the Red River dynamic zone in Hanoi
Disaster risk zoning is the division of the territory into areas according to some homogeneous criteria corresponding to the levels of disaster risk (stable, unstable, very unstable or low-risk, medium-risk, high-risk areas) for the purpose of disaster prevention for sustainable exploitation and use of the territory
3.2 Risk of riverbank erosion hazards