Scientific english for biotechnology lesson 2 cell

Cytoskeleton The cell structure... Mitochondrion 10.Vacuole 11.Cytosol fluid that contains organelles 12.Lysosome 13.Centrosome 14.Cell membrane The cell structure... Function: DNA maint

Phat Xuan Dinh Ph.D, DVM

SCIENTIFIC ENGLISH FOR

BIOTECHNOLOGY

CHAPTER 2 CELL

The cell structure

1 Nucleolus

2 Nucleus

3 Ribosome (little dots)

4 Vesicle

5 Rough endoplasmic reticulum

6 Golgi apparatus (or "Golgi

body")

7 Cytoskeleton

The cell structure

8 Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

9 Mitochondrion

10.Vacuole

11.Cytosol (fluid that contains

organelles)

12.Lysosome

13.Centrosome

14.Cell membrane

The cell structure

Function of nucleus

1 Function: DNA maintenance, controls

all activities of the cell, RNA

transcription

2 Structure: double-membrane

compartment

3 Organism: all eukaryotes /juː.kæriɒt/

Function of endoplasmic reticulum

1 Translation and folding of new

proteins (rough endoplasmic

reticulum), expression of lipids

(smooth endoplasmic reticulum)

2 Structure: single-membrane

compartment

3 Organism: all eukaryotes

Function of Golgi apparatus

1 Function: sorting, packaging, processing

and modification of proteins

2 Structure: single-membrane

compartment

3 Organism: most eukaryotes

4 Notes: Cis-face (convex, lồi) nearest to

rough endoplasmic reticulum;

trans-face (concave, lõm) farthest from

rough endoplasmic reticulum

Function of Mitochondria

1 Function: energy production from the

oxidation of glucose substances and

the release of adenosine triphosphate

2 Structure: double-membrane

compartment

3 Organism: most eukaryotes

4 Notes: has some DNA; theorized to be

engulfed by an ancestral eukaryotic cell (endosymbiosis: nội cộng sinh)

/ˌen.dəʊ.sɪm.baɪˈəʊ.sɪs/

Function of Chloroplast (plastid)

Function: photosynthesis, traps energy from sunlight

/ˌfəʊ.təʊˈsɪn.θə.sɪs/

Structure: double-membrane

compartment

Organism: plants

We call the process by which a cell

grows, divides and returns to its normal

working state the cell cycle.

We think of the cell cycle in terms of four stages:

G1: when a cell grows and carries out its regular cellular functions;

S: when the cell replicates its DNA,

resulting in duplicated chromosomes;

/ˈkrəʊ.mə.səʊm/

The cell cycle

Peter Piper picked up a peck of pickled pepper

Did Peter piper pick up a peck of pickled pepper?

Where is the pickled pepper Peter piper pick?

Practice

G2: when a cell continues to grow and

prepares itself for cell division; and

M: the phase where the cell divides itself into two genetically identical daughter

cells The M phase involves both a

nuclear division (called mitosis) and a

cytoplasmic division (called cytokinesis).

/ˈsaɪ.təˈkɪniː.sɪs/

/maɪˈtəʊ.sɪs/

The cell cycle

Cdk: cyclin dependent kinase

Prophase (pro = before)

Metaphase (meta = after,

behind)

Anaphase (ana = against, back) Telophase (telo = final, end)

Plant cell

- Raphide /ˈræf ɪˌdiz/ crystal:

calcium oxalate, sharp crystal;

when consumed, release a toxin that is harmful and is to repel plant’’s predator.

- Druse /druz/ : crystal o f calcium oxalate , silicates,

or carbonates

Plant cell

Plasmodesmata

/ˌplæzməˈdɛzmətə / : gateway for cell

to cell exchanges of signaling molecules

Bacterial cell

Virion

Attachment