Scientific english for biotechnology lesson 5 ii meiosis sv

Compare meiosis vs mitosisMeiosis Mitosis Definition A type of cellular reproduction in which the number of chromosomes are reduced by half through the separation of homologous chromos

Phat Xuan Dinh Ph.D, DVM

SCIENTIFIC ENGLISH FOR

BIOTECHNOLOGY

CHAPTER 3 CELL - MEIOSIS

Question and Answer

Compare meiosis vs mitosis

Meiosis Mitosis

Definition

A type of cellular reproduction in which the number of chromosomes are

reduced by half through the

separation of homologous chromosomes, producing two haploid cells.

A process of asexual reproduction in

which the cell divides

in two producing a replica, with an equal number of

chromosomes in each resulting diploid cell.

Compare meiosis vs mitosis

Function

Genetic diversity through sexual reproduction

Cellular reproduction and general growth and repair of the body

Type of

Reproduction Sexual Asexual

Compare meiosis vs mitosis

Occurs in

Humans, animals, plants, fungi

All organisms.Genetically Different Identical

Crossing Over

Yes, mixing of chromosomes can occur

No, crossing over cannot occur

Pairing of

Compare meiosis vs mitosis

Remains the same

Compare meiosis vs mitosis

Steps

(Meiosis 1) Prophase I, Metaphase I,

Anaphase I, TelophaseI; (Meiosis 2) Prophase

II, Metaphase II, Anaphase II and Telophase II

Prophase, Metaphase,

Anaphase, Telophase

Discovered

by Oscar Hertwig

Walther Flemming

Compare meiosis vs mitosis

Steps

(Meiosis 1) Prophase I, Metaphase I, Anaphase I, Telophase I; (Meiosis 2) Prophase II, Metaphase II, Anaphase II and

Telophase II.

Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase.

Karyokinesis Occurs in Interphase I. Occurs in

Interphase.

Cytokinesis Occurs in Telophase I and

in Telophase II.

Occurs in Telophase.

Compare meiosis vs mitosis

Creates

Sex cells only: female egg cells or male sperm cells.

Makes everything other than sex cells.

Discovered by Oscar Hertwig Walther

Flemming

What is a diploid cell?

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How many sets of division occur during Mitosis? Meoisis?

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When does DNA replication occur in Mitosis? Meiosis?

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How many cells are formed per cell cycle

in Mitosis? Meiosis?

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Are daughter cells genetically identical in Mitosis? Meiosis?

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How many chromosomes does each parent contribute to the offspring?

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Meiosis and Mitosis are both preceded

by what?

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In meiosis, there are two consecutive cell divisions, called what? What do they result in??

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What does the first division of meiosis separate?

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What does the second division of meiosis separate?

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The daughter cells produced in Meiosis have chromosomes as the

parent cell

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Meiosis I is preceded by , in which the chromosomes are replicated

to form sister chromatids

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What are genetically identical and joined at the centromere?

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In interphase of Meiosis, what happens

to a single centrosome?

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Division in Meiosis I occurs in four phases, which are what?

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What are the several key differences between Meiosis and Mitosis?

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1 The chromosome number is reduced from

diploid to haploid in meiosis but is

conserved in mitosis.

2 Mitosis produces daughter cells that are

genetically identical to the parent and to

each other.

3 Meiosis produces cells that are genetically

distinct from the parent cell and from each other

What are Sister chromatids ?

Sister chromatids are two identical

copies of a chromosome connected by a centromere

A chromatid (Greek khrōmat 'color' +

-id) is one copy of a duplicated

chromosome, which is generally joined to the other copy by a single centromere

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