Bài tập vận tải giao và nhận - FTU

Vto don khdng thi chuyin nhugng bang cdch ky hau Vto don dich danh phdt hinh khi: - Gift hing til cd nhto - G ii hing qui bid'u -Girt hing triin lam - Givr hing tit cdng ty me dft'n cdn

CHUtfNG 1: VAN TAITRONG NGOAITHUtfNG

Caul: van tdi Id gi?tai sao ndi vdn taila nganh san xua't dac biit?

+) Van tai la m6t ngiirih kinh t£ c<5 muc dfch cua con ngu&i nhlm dip ting nhu ciu di chuyin trong khfing gian cua d<5i tuong vta chuyln

+) Van tai Id mdt nganh sin xud't vd't cha't die bifit:

TM nha't: van tai Id m6t nganh san xu£t vat cha't vi:

* MQt nganh sin xua't vat chdt cin 3 yfe'u 16: stic lao d6ng; cOng cu lao d6ng,

d<5i tuqfog lao ddng Ngdnh van tai c6 du 3 y£u 16 ndy stfc lao ddng; cdng cu lao dijng,

la phitong tifin chuyfin chd, tuyfe'n du&ng van tii ddi tuong chuyta trfr la hanh khdeh hang hoa

* San xuat trong nganh van tii lam ti€u hao lluong nguy6n nhifin vat lifeu 1 luong hao m5n mdy m6c nha't dinh

* Ddi tuong chuySn char sau qud trinh san xud't c6 m6t su thay d6i gid tri vat

chat nha't dinh

Thtf hai: Van tai lk nganh san xua't vat chit dac bifit vi:

Qua tiinh trong nganh khftng khfing nham muc dich lam thay d6i tinh cMt hoa

ly kfch thudc trong luong cua dtfi tucmg chuySn chd N£u c6 chi ia rid ro

San phdm cua nganh van tii khOng c6 hlnh dang kfch thudc san phfoi cu th£ vi hai d|c tfnh cua san ph£m cung khdqdi: gid tri sir dung la cdng dung vdi ngudi sir dung iam thay d6i vi trf trong kh6ng gian gid tri ia luomg lao d6ng xa hQicdn thiS't kfe't tinh trong san ph&n bilu hifin bing ti£n cudc phi van tai

* Trong nganh van tii qua tiinh sin xudt va tifiu thu khOng tdch rdi nhau

Cdu2: Vai trd, tdc dung cua vdn tdi trong nin kinh te quoc ddn?

+) Vai trb:

- Nganh giao th6ng v|n tai la mdt trong nhiing nganh kinh t£ ky thuat quan trong cua n£n kinh te' quO'c dan M$t mat nganh van tai co nhifim vu phuc vu nhu cdu chuyfin chcr clia toan bd n£n kinh te' - xa hdi, tao ra mdt phdn dang k£ trong thu nh|p kinh t£ qudc dan Mat khde nganh van tii ia mdt thi trudng tifiu thu la m6t thi trucmg tieu thu rift ldn san phlm cua nhung nganh kinh te' ky thuat kMc

+) tdc dung:

- He thdng giao thOng van tai duoc vi nhu he thdng tuSn hoan mdu trong ca th£

s6ng n6 dim bao cho qui trinh sin xua't va tdi sin xuSt cua xa hOi duoc lien tuc phdn b6 lai luc luong san xu^t cua n&i kinh t^ qutfc dan

- Giao thOng van tai c6 tdc dung md rOng vd phdt tri^n giao lmi van hod trao d6i hang hod vdi nude ngoai

- Van tii ddp ling nhu ciu di lai ngdy cang tang cua nhdn dan g6p phin nang cao doti song vat cha't tinh thdn cia moi t£ng 16p nhan dan

- Van tii g6p phdn kh&c phuc tinh trang phdt trien khflng d6ng d^u giSa thdnh thi va nfing th6n, giua vung d6ng bang vd mi^n nui hai dio

- VSn tii gop phdn tang cirfrng kha nang qutfc phbng giu gin an ninh xa hdi va bio ve da't nude

lugng hdng hod luu chuyin gitta 2 nude ty 1ft thuan vdd ti&n nang kinh 16 cua hai nude

vd ty lft nghich vdi khoing cdch chuyftn chd gitta hai nude d6 William " Vi chi pU van tii chiftm mOt gid tri khOng nhd trong gid hdng hod nftn van tii qudc t£ phdt trifo ldm chi phf van tai giim bdt thdng qua d<5 thtie d£y thtfcmg mai'giQa hai nude

- van tii qudc t£ phdt tri& gdp phdn 1dm thay-d<3i ca ctfU hdng hod Vkca cdu

thi trudng trong budn bdn qu6c t<SL Trade day thucmg raaiqudc t£ chu yftu f i hdng

thdnh phlm c6 gid tri cao nay c6 c i hdn£ bit) fhdnb-ph&n, nguyftfi liftu, hdng cd gid

tri thdp Vd trade day thi tradng’ chu#£u Id pKflng nude Jdrig giSng thi hiftn nay van tii qudc 16 phdt tri£n ldm phant vi.J&EilRl^jgdugc md rtog, cir ly chuyftn chd hSng hod trung binh trong van ti!ii d u & g S H B ^ sM £ ting-tii 3.967 hii W ndm 1985 lftn

4.230 h ii If

- vdn tii qudc t£ cd tdc dung bio vft rich cue ho|c ldm xdu di edn can mdu djch

vd edn edn thanh todn Vdn tii cd hai chtic nSng: ehtfc ndng phue vu dim bio nhu chuyftn chd hang hod xudt nfidp khdu cia m6i nude; chiic nang kinh doanh xudt khdu sin phdm van tii nhdt Id vdn tii dirdng biin Thu chi ngoai tft trong IMi'vue xudt nhdp khdu sin phdm van tii Id mOt bd phdn quan trpng cua edn edn thanh todn qudc t£ Xudt siftu se gdp phdn cii thiftn edn edn thanh todn qudc t& Xudt siftu se gdp phdn cai thiftn edn can thanh todn Nhap siftu se 1dm tham hut edn edn thanh todn

Cdu4: Ca s i d i phdn chia trdch nhiim v i vdn tdi trong ngoai thucmg Tdc dung cua viicgianh duffc quyin vdn tdi?

+) Co sd d6 phan chia trdch nhiftm v6 van tii trong ngoai thuong Id 13 di£u kiftn

- Gidnh dugc quyin van tii gdp phdn ndng cao uy tin cua 1 qudc gia trftn th£ gidi

Chu Cd mdt sd trudng hgp khdng nftn gidnh quyin vdn tii:

2

Du dodn thafy khd trong vide thufe tau dl thuc hifin h<?p dg nhu chuySn chd sdc v'

s6ng, hang dOng lanh

3 tinh todn c6 su chfenh lech giQa gid xua't khlu OF so vdi gid xuSt fchlu F< :

duoc d£ nghi khdng ldn tuong tu vdi trudng hqfp nhftp kh<5u 4 khi ta qi

cdn bin hode mua 1 mat hang mi dd'i phuong lai mudn gidnh quy&i vdn tdi

5 khi tSp quin luflt le qud'c t£ quy djnh

Chuong 2: chuyfin chd hang hod xua't nhdp khlu bang dudng bidn

Cdu 5: Midi niim thu budn? cdc dac tntng cua tdu budn?

+) T&u budn lk nhGngtdu chd hang va chd khSch vi muc dich thuong mai

+) nhOng dac trung kinh te' cua tau bu6n:

1 tfin tku day Id mdt dac trung cSn chd ^ ten tau se duoc cho vko h6 so luu W qua d6 ngudi ta cd thi theo doi chat che qua trinh hoat ddng cua con tku

2 Cdng dang kjr cdng cua nude sdhffu con tau

3 Cd tku: ed qudc tich cua tau tku se trd thanh mdt phdn lanh th6 n6i trfin bift cua qudc gia dd C6 2 edch elm tau:

- Cam ed thudng cam cd cua nude ma no mang qudc tich

- cam cd phuong tifin cim cd cua nude ma nd dang ky elm cd phuong tiSn

4 kfch thudc cua tku

- Chi&i dii cua tku: gdm chiSu dai tokn bd ia chilu dai tfit mui tku din dudi i.-

va chilu dai cua dudng tiSp gidp giCa than tku vdi mat nude khi tku chd ddu hdng ■;

moi nude tdi da vk> mha hi chilu dai cua tku cho bi£t cang dii bao nhifeu di? neo dS.u

vk xfe'p dd hang hda duoc an toan

- Chilu rdng cua tku ia chd rdng nhSt cua than tku duoc do tir ben ndy sang bftn kia cua thanh tku va duoc tinh bing m6t Chilu rdng cua tku cho bi£t kha nang tau ce thi qua duoc kfinh dao ludng lach cd chilu rdng bao nhifiu

5 M6n nude ia chilu cao thing g<5c tut dSy tau 16n mat nude cd 2 loai mdr nude:

- mdn nude ca'u tao ia chilu cao tha'p nha't tOr ddy tau lfin mat nude khi tku khdng chd hang

- mdn nude tdi da ia chilu cao thing gdc tCr ddy tau len mat nude klii tku cho ddy hkng vdo miia he

Mdn nude con thay doi theo mua va vung biln ma tau di qua: ve mua hfe vil vilng nude ngot thi mon nude cua tau ldn hon

6 Trong luong hay con goi la luong gian nude cua tau la trong luong cua khC'i nude ma tdu chie'm chd tfnh bang td'n dai Trong luong cua tau duoc tinh bang each Id'y M thi tich cua khd'i md tau chiem chd chia cho 35

Trong luong cua tdu cd 2 loai:

- Trong luong tdu khdng chd hdng la bang trong lucrng cua vo tau mdy rndc trang thie't bi tr6n tail, ndi hoi nude trong n6i hoi phu tung thuyen bd va hanh ly cua ho

- Trong luong tau khi chd hdng Id bang trong luong tdu khdng chd hdng cdng vdi trong luong cua dau ma nude ngot luong thuc thuc ph£m d6 du tru khde vat lieu chen 16t vd trong lirong cua hang hoa thuong mai m& tau chd duoc

7 Trong tii li siic chd cua tiu dugc t£nh bing tdn dii 6 mdn nude tdi da vi miia ddng mila hi ho|c 6 viing biin cd lien quan tiiy tiStng tnrfmg hgp Cd 2 loai trong tii cua tiu:

- Trong tii toin phdn c&a tiu li bing tdng trong lugng hing hoi thucmg mai, trgng lugng nhiin liiu, nude nggt, luong thuc thuc phlm, vat lifiu chin Idt dd du trfl khde vi phu titng tfnh blng DW= HD- LD

- Trong tii tinh cua tiu li trgng lugng hing hda thucmg mai m i tiu cd thi chd dugc Trpng tii tinh cua tiu chlnh bing trpng tii toin phdn cua tiu trCt di trgng lugng cua nhien lieu nude ngot lucmg thuc thuc phlm dd du trtt khde v i phu timg Tr<?ng tii tinh cua tiu li mdt dai lugng thay ddi vl nd phu thudc vio khdi lugng nhien lieu, nude nggt lucmg thuc, thuc phlm cd tren tiu

8 Dung tfch dang k£ cua tiu l i thi tfch cdc khoing trong khip kfn tr6n tiu dugc tinh bang mit khdi hoac bing tdn dang k^ bing 100 hay bing 2,83 mit khdi

Cd 2 loai dung tfch dang kf:

- Dung tfch dang k^ toin phdn: l i dung tfch cua cdc khoing trdng khip kfn trfin

tiu tfnh tit ben tren eung trcf xudng trfit cdc khoing trdng sau: khoing trdng di chira nude din tiu, ldi di trong hdm tiu budng ve sinh phdng svra chfia khdi dung tfch dang

kp toin phdn dCing di thdng ke tiu bi6n chi si quan thuy thu luc dilng di tfnh cdc loai phf nhu phf dang k^

- Dung tfch dang k^ tjnh 1& dung tfch cua cdc khoing trdng khip kfn di chtia

hing tr6n tiu Dung tfch dang k^ tfnh bing dung tfch dang k$ toin phdn tr£r di dung tfch cdc phdng an &, giii tri ciia thuyin truimg v i thuyin viin dung tfch budng mdy

vi budng hoa tieu Dung tfch dang k$ tinh cua tiu thudng dimg di tfnh phf qua kfinh

dio phf cing phf hoa tieu

9 Dung tfch chtfa hing li khi n3ng xip cdc loai hing hod khde nhau trong hdm tiu cua con tiu Cd hai loai dung tfch chiia hing cua tiu

- Dung tfch ehtia hing cd ban kiin li khi n3ng xip hing cd bao gdi trong hdm tiu tfnh bing don vi Dung tfch niy dugc tfnh blng cdch lSy chiiu dii nhdn vdi chiiu rdng vi chiiu cao cua hdm tiu

- Dung tfch chiia hing rdi l i khi nang xip cdc hing rdi trong hdm tiu tfnh blng don vi Dung tfch chtfa hing rdi cua m<Jt con tiu bao gift eung ldn hem dung tfch chtia hing bao kjen cua nd tit 5-10 % vl hing rdi cho phip tin dung hit thi tfch cua cdc hdm tiu

10 He sd xip hing cua tiu li ty If giOa dung tfch chtfa hing cua tiu v i trong tii tinh cua tiu Cdng thtfc tfnh:

4

x6'p cdc mat hdng khdc nhau thoa man he phuong tiinh:

X+Y

Trong d6:

X,Y: Id trong luong cua titng mat hdng tuong ting

Sfx: he s6' xe'p hdng cua mdt hdng X

Sfy: hi s6 x£p hdng cua mat hdng Y

DWCC: trong tai tjnh cua tdu

CS: dung tfch chtia hdng cua tdu

Cdu 6: Cdc loai tdu budn chd hdng?

* Phdn loai theo cOng dung:

- Tdu chd hdng kh<5: chd nhflng mat hdng d thi ran c6 hay khdng c6 bao bl

3 Tdu chd xd - lan: tr£n xd lan cd container, tdu sit dung he thdng xlp dd chlm n6i bdng nude

4 Tdu chd hdng khd cd khdl lucmg ldn: chd nhflng mat hdng d thi rdn khdng cd bao bi vd cd khdi luong ldn nhu than quang phdi phdt cdu tao cd thie't bi Me hfit hdng

ddi

5 Tdu chd hdng kit hop: tdu chd hai hay nhilu mdt hdng khde nhau

- Tdu chd hdng ldng: chuyen chd hdng d thi Idng khdng cd bao bl nhu ddu mo

ga hda chdt tdu cd trang thie't bi he't stic hien dai Gdm cdc loai nhu: tdu chd ddu cd 4 boong trong tai, tdu chd khf ddt thien nhien hod ldng tdu chd khf ddu hod ldng

* Phan loai theo cd tdu:

- Tdu cuc ldn tdu chd ddu thd cd trong tai tir 350.000 tdn trd I6n

- Tdu rd't ldn Id nhflng tdu cd trong tdi tir 200.000 tdn din 350.000 tdn

- Tdu loai trung blnh: Id nhflng tdu chd hdng rdi vd hdng bdch hod cd trong tai dudi 200.000 tdn

- Tdu loai nho: Id nhflng tdu cd trong tai vd dung tfch dang kj> nhd Tuy nhien chi nhflng tdu cd dung tfch tit 300 tdn trd len mdi duoc xlp vdo danh sdeh ddi tdu biiOn cua thi gidi Ngodi ra cdn tdu cd Panamax la nhflng tdu cd chilu ngang ldn nhd't

cd thi qua duoc kenh ddo Panama

* Phan loai theo cd tdu:

- Tdu sir dung cd thudng

- Tdu sit dung cd phuong tien

* Phan loai theo pham vi kinh doanli

5

nhttng cing cdch nhau khdng xa, nhdm tap trung ngu6n hing cho c&c cau

- Tiu chay biin xa: li nhttng tiu cd trgng tii ldn thudng kinh do***1

vdi khoing eich trftn 4000 km

* Phan loai theo tudi tiu:

- tiu trfc c6 tudi nhd hon 15

- tiu trung binh: tit 15- 25 tu<5i

- tiu gii c6 trftn 25

Cdu 7: Khdi ni$m cdng biin? CMc ndng ctia cdng biin? N h i 4 in

+) Cing biin li noi ra vio neo ddu cia tiu biin li noi ph yc v u

hod li diu mdi giao thdng quan trgng cia 1 nude

+) chtfc n3ng: Cing biin cd hai chttc nang:

- phuc v\i tiu biin cing li noi ra vio neo d&u cua tiu l i ncri ^

vu dua d6n tiu ra vio lai dit eung ting diu md nude nggt vft sinh sfina c y t

- Phuc vu hing hoi: cing phii lim nhiftm vy xftp dd giao n i l # 1*

quin luu kho tii chft ddng g<5i phin ph<fi hing hod XNK Cing e d n 1®-

cdc thi tuc XNK li noi bit diu tiftjp tuc hay kftt thtic qud trtnh vdn t&i

+) Nhiftm vu vi quyin han cua cing biin vift nam: -titiO*1

- Xdy dung quy hoach k& hoach phdt triin cia cing biin t r o n g *

- Phdi hgp hoat dQng cia cdc td chtfc ca quan thuc hiftn chde

- kiim tra gidm sit vife thgc hien cic quy djnh ciia phip luA * ~s r

- Phdi hgp vdi cdc ca quan thtfe hiftn hoat dQng flm kiftin cdu

- Ctfp gidy ph6p cho tiu ra vio cing vi thuc hiftn yftu cdu v£

- Yftu ciu cic ci nhin ca quan httu quan eung d p cic thdng tin

hiftn chdc nang quin ty nhi nude cua cing

Cdu 8: Trang thiit bi vd cdc chi tiiu hoat d$ng cdng biin?

- Tirang thiftt bi phuc vy tiu ra vio neo diu gdm: ciu tiu ludn la c x t * -

- Trang thifit bi phuc vu van chuyin xftp dd hing hoi gdm: cin c-=

ndng hing miy bom htit hing red bing chuyen

- Co sd vit chit kp thudt phuc vy bio quin luu kho hing hoi kho

hing hoi kho ngoai quan bi chtfa diu

- Hft thdng dudng giao thdng vta tii trong pham vi cing vi cic ctf*

cua cing nhu dudng b6 dudng sit

- Hft thdng trang thiftt bi ndi cua cing: cin ciu ndi phao n<5i tiu hoa

+) chi tifiu hoat ddng:

- S6 luong tku hoac tong dung tfch dang ky trong tSi todn phdn ra vdo cang

trong 1 n3m chi ti6u ndy phan inh mire dd nhdn nhip cua cing

- Stf tdu bi£n c6 thi xSp d5 hdng ciing 1 luc

- khdi luong hdng hod xep dd trong 1 n3m

- MCrc x£p dd cua cdng chi tieu ndy ndi 16n mile dd co gidri hod nang xud't x£p

dd cua mdt cang

- Khi ning chtfa hang hoi d kho b31 phdn ting mtic dd quy md cua ding

- Chi phi x£p dd hdng hod cdng phi phf lai dat hoa tifiu phan dnh nang suSt trir.l

dd quin Ijf cua cang

Cdu 9: Khdi niim tdu cho? Phuong thi'cc thui tdu char dac diim vd trvzbn, hop dp dung?

+) Khdi niem: tiu cho Id tau chay thudng xuyfin trfin 1 tuygh dudng nh£t dir,' gh6 qua nhGng cdng rMt dinh vd theo mdt lich trinh dinh trade

Phuong thtic thue tau cho Id viec chu hdng lien he vdi chi tdu hay dai ty cut chu tau yfiu cdu danh 1 chd tren tdu d£ chuyfin cho hdng hod tflr 1 cang ndy d£n dra?- khdc

+) Dac die’m cua phuong thtfc thue tdu cho:

- tdu chay gifla cdc cang theo 1 lich trinh cdng bd trade

- chving tir dilu chinh cdc mdi quan he trong tliue tdu cho Id vdn don &aOn<-

- Cdc chu tau thudng thanh lap cdc cdng hdi tdu cho hoac cdng hdi cudc phf fr!

khdng ch£ thi trudng vd ning cao kha nang canh tranh

+) Trudng hop dp dung:

- chu hdng cd khdi luong hdng hoa khdng ldn khdng xep dQ mdt con tau

- Khi lich trinh cua tdu phu hop vdi cang bde va cang bde dd hdng cua chilng U

Cdu 10: Tdu chuyen? Phuong thvee thui tdu chuyen cdc hinh thi'cc thui tern chuyi'n?

+) DSc diem:

7

- tdu khdng chay theo 1 lich trtnh c6 dinh nhu tku chor mi theo yfiu c3il cua chu

hdng

- tku chuyfin chd thudng c6 1 boong mieng him r$ng d& de ddng van chuyln

hkng hod len xudng

- tdc d<> cua tku chuyen tuong ddi chflm hon tku ch<jr: tir 14-16 hdi 1$ / gid so vdi 18-20 hdi If / tr6n gid cua tku chgr

- di&i chinh mdi quan he gifia cdc ben trong thue tku chuygn lk hqrp ddng thue tiu chuyen v i B/L Trong d6 C7P di£u chinh mdi quan he gitta ngudi thue tku vk ngudi

chuyen chd nhdn hkng d i x£p len tku n6 se diSu chinh mdi quan he gifia ngudi thue

tku vk ngudi chuyen chd vdi ngudi gun hkng vdi ngudi nhdn hkng.

- ngudi thue t&u tu do thod thudn v£ cdc diiu kidn chuyen chd vk gid cudc trong hop d6ng thu£ tku

- gid cudc trong hop d6ng thue tku c6 th£ bao gdm ca chi phf xep dd hoac khdng lk do thod thudn cua cdc ben

- tku chuyfin thudng duoc ddng khi chuyen chd hkng cd khdi luong ldn nhu than dd ngu cdc bd xft va ngudi thue tku phdi cd 1 khdi lUqmg hkng hod du ldn d£'xfp

du mQt con tku

+) Cdc hlnh thtic thue tku chuyfin

- thue tku chuyen mdt: ttic thue tku d6 chd hkng tit mQt cdng nky d6n m$t cdng

- thue khodn chu hkng se can cti vko nhu cdu hkng hod cua mlnh d£ khodn cho

chu tku chuyen chd trong 1 thdi gian nhdt djnh

- thue bao: chu hkng se thue tokn bd phuong tien chuyen chd d6 van chuyen

hkng hod

- thue tku dinh han: chu hkng se thue tku trong 1 khodng thdi gian d i chuyen

chd hkng hod C6 2 hlnh thtic lk thue tdu dinh han.tron cdnghla lk chi thue tku mk khdng thue si quan thuy thu trtn tku Thue tku dinh han khdng trctn cd nghia lk thud

tku ciuig vdi cd sf quan thuy thu trfin tku

Cdu 11: khdi niim vd chitc n&ng cua B/L?

+) khdi niem: van don dudng biin lk chting tir chuyen chd hkng hod do ngudi chuyen chd hoac dai di$n cua ngudi chuyen chd cdp cho chi hkng sau khi hkng da

duoc xgp len tdu hay du<?c nhkn di x€p len tdu

- Ngudi cdp B/L: ngudi chuyen chd thuy6n trudng dai If cua ngudi chuyen chd

ten ghi r6 ho ten h9 tu cdch phdp If trtn B/L

- Ihdi diem cap B/L: sau khi hkng hod du<?c xep len tku hoac sau khi hdng hoa

dugc nhdn d i x£p

- Ngudi dUQic cdp B/L: lk chu hkng hay ngudi giao nhdn thay mat chi hdng +) Chile nang:

- Van don dudng bi&i lk chting nhSn lhqrp ddng chuyen chd hkng hod bdng

dudng bi&i da dir<?c k$ kdt

8

- van don dudng biin li bifen lai nhto hing do ngudi chuyftn chd phdt hinh cho ngudi gud hing

- Van don dudng biin la chtfng tit xdc nhto quyin sd huu hing hod ghi trftn vto dan Ai c6 vto don trftn tay ngudi c6 quyin ddi sd huu hing hoa ghi trftn do Do tfnh chft sd hfiu nftn vto don li mdt chutig tit lira th6ng dugc, ngudi ta c6 thi mua bdn chuyin nhuong van don

Cdu 12: The ndo la vdn darn dich danh vdn dm vd danh vd vdn dan theo link?

+) Van don dfch danh: ghi ro tftn v i dia chi nMn hing chi c6 ngudi tftn, dia chi ghi trftn van don mdi dugc nhto hang Vto don khdng thi chuyin nhugng bang cdch

ky hau

Vto don dich danh phdt hinh khi: - Gift hing til cd nhto

- G ii hing qui bid'u -Girt hing triin lam

- Givr hing tit cdng ty me dft'n cdng ty con

+) Vto don theo lftnh li vto don trftn dd khdng ghi r5 tftn v i dia chi ngudi nhto hing mi chi ghi chit hay cd ghi tftn v i dia chi ngudi nhto hing

- Cac cdch ty hau di chuyftn nhuong vto don: ty hau dfch danh: mat sau ciia vto dctn goc ngudi ky Mu se ghi ro ho tftn ngudi hudng lei vto don v i ghi ro tftn mlnh kf ddng dto xac nhto

Mu theo lftnh: mat sau vto don thay vl viftc ghi dfch danh tftn ngudi hudng loi ngudi kf hto ghi theo lftnh cua mdt ngudi hudng led nio dd

hto vd danh: ngudi ky hto chi di tftn mlnh kf ddng dto nhung khdng ghi chuyin nhugng quyin sd huu cho ai hoic ghi kf hto bd trdng

+) Vto don vd danh: khdng ghi tftn ngudi nhto hing hoSc ghi r5 l i vd danh hoic li vto don phdt hinh theo lftnh nhung khdng ghi ro ho tftn ngudi hudng loi ho|c ngudi hudng lgi trade da kf hto vd danh

Vto don vd danh cd kha nang luu thdng ldn nhung nhugc diim li khong an toin cho hang hod vl ai cdm td vto don eung diu l i chu sd huu hing hod

Cdul3: The ndo Id vdn dcm da xi'p hdng, van don nhdn hdng dixep?

+) Vto don da xft'p hing phat hinh sau khi hing hod dugc xft'p Iftn tiu day li bang chimg cua viec da hoin thinh viftc giao hing nhu da cam kft't vdi ngudi mua +) Vto don nhto hing di xip: dugc phdt hinh sau khi ngudi chuyftn chd da nhan hang vi cam kit se xip hang lftn tiu v i ngudi giao hing chua hit trdch nhiftm vdi hing hod

Van dcm nhto hing di xep phdt hinh sau khi: hing hoa dugc giao cho ngudi chuyftn chd nhung tiu chua den cang ho3c din cang nhung chua du diiu kiftn xip hing

Bdn hing thdng qua nhiiu ngudi trung gian nhu ngudi giao nhto hang hay ngudi gom hing

Trong viftc giao nhto hang hoa tir kho cua ngudi ban deh kho cua ngudi mua

9

Trfin thuc t£ ngudi mua chi chap nhdn van don da x€p hkng nfin cd 2 cdch giai quygt

- Chd cho hdng hod duoc x€p 16n tku dl dem vdn don ra ddi hodc ngudi giir hkng yfiu cdu ngudi cSip van don ghi ro gid /ngky /thdng/ ndm hkng hod dugc x£p lfin tku vko vdn don nhan hkng dl xfip

Thay ddi cdc dilu kiSn co sd giao hkng: FOB thknh FCA, CIF thknh CPT hay OP

Cdul4: Thindo Id vdn dan hodn hdo? vdn dan khdng hodn hdo?

+) Van don hokn Mo: khdng ghi chd xdu hay ghi chd bao luu cua thuyln trudng v6 hkng h6a vk tinh trang ben ngoki cua hkng h6a

Trdn van don ghi: Clean B/L

Khdng ghi cua thuy^n trudng nhung khdng 1km inh hudng dSn tinh thdn hokn hdo cua van don

Vi6c c^p van don hokn hdo chung t& ngudi bdn da giao hkng cho ngudi chuyen chd vdi tinh trang ddng nhu yfiu cdu cua h^p d6ng, vk nhflng hdng h6c sau nky do ngudi chuyen chd phdi chiu trdch nhiem

+) Vdn don khdng hokn hdo: lk van don c6 ghi chu xdu phe chu bao luu hodc ghi chti phan ddi cua thuy^n trudng v i hkng h6a vk tinh trang bfin ngoki cua hkng hda

Cd cdch khic phuc sau:

- Thay th£ hay b<5 xung hkng hda trong trudng hop hkng hda bi hu hdng hay bi thilu

- Sura chfla hkng hda nSu hkng hda cd thi sura chfla duoc vk n£u nhu khdng cd

hkng hda mdi d6 thay th#

- Lap thu dam bdo cho phdn hkng hda bi tdn thdt di cd thi thanh todn cho phdn hkng hokn hdo Luu $ lk ludt phdp cdc nude dlu chua thfla nhdn tfiah phdp If cua thu

dam bdo vi cd thi ngudi bdn vk ngudi chuyfin chd thdng ddng nhau d l lfira ddi ngudi mua, ngdn hkng

Cdu 15: Cdc trdch nhiim cua ngudi chuyinchd dudng bi/nvd hdng hda ?

Trdch nhiem cua ngudi chuyen chd vdi hkng hda gdm cd 3 mat sau:

- Trdch nhiem cua ngudi chuyen chd v i mdt mdt hu hdng cua hkng hda goi lk

co sd trdch nhiem

- Trdch nhiem cua ngudi chuyen chd vdi hkng hda v i mdt khdng gian vk thdi

gian, goi lk thdi han trdch nhiem

- Sd tiln tdi da vk ngudi chuyen chd phdi bdi thudng cho mdt dcta vi hkng hda

bi tdn thdt trong trudng hop gid tri hkng hda khdng du<?e ke khai nfin vdn don g<?i lk gidi han trdch nhiem

Trdch nhiem cua ngudi chuyen chd dudng bifo vdi hkng hda theo van don duoc quy djnh 3 quy tic trong dd trdch nhiem cua ngudi chuyen chd lk khdc nhau

Cdul6: Ca sd trdch nhiim cua ngudi chuyin chd trong 3 quy tdc?

Co sd trdch nhiem lk trdch nhiem cua ngudi chuyen chd vdi nhflng mdt mdt vk

hu hdng cua hkng hda

10

Bftp All ST0R VHR T&3

+) Theo quy tic Brussels va Visby: ngudi chuyftn chd chiu trdch nhiftm vdi nhung thiftt hai do mat mdt hu hong hing h6a khi hang hda edn thudc trdch nhiftm cua ngudi chuyftn chd

+) Theo quy tac Hamburg: ngudi chuyftn chd chiu trdch nhiftm v l thiftt hai do ma't mat hu h6ng vdi hang hda v i cham giao hang gay ra khi hing hda edn thudc trdch nhiftm cua ngudi chuyftn chd

- Hing dugc coi II cham giao nft'u nhu khdng dugc giao d cing dd hing trong thcri han quy dinh trong hop ddng chuyftn chd hing hda con nftu khdng dugc quy djnh

cu thi thi la mot khoang thdi gian hgp ty doi hoi 1 ngudi chuyftn chd cin mSn phai giao cd tinh dft'n holn canh su viftc

- Hing h6a se dugc coi II mit mdt trong trudng hop khdng dugc giao nhu trong thdi gian 60 ngly liftn tuc kl tfir ngly hft't thdi han giao hang

Trdch nhiftm cu t h i:

+) Theo Brussels ngudi chuyftn chd c6 cac trdch nhiftm:

Trudc liic bit ddu hinh thlnh ngudi chuyftn chd phai c6 dugc mdt su edn man hgp ly dl eung cdp con tau cd du dilu kiftn di biln ttic II: Thii nhd't tau phdi bdn chic kui nude chiu dugc gid trong dilu kiftn blnh thudng TM hai tiu phai thfch hgp cho viftc chuyftn chd hing hda cdc bd phan ding de chuyftn chd hing hda phai thfch hgp cho viftc chuyftn chd TM ba tiu dugc eung ting ddy du nhiftn liftu v l biftn chft' du thuy thu Ngudi chuyftn chd khdng phdi chiu trdch nhiftm nft'u anh ta chung minh dugc ring anh ta da cin m§n hop ty de eung cip tau cd du kha nSng de di biln va anh ta chju trdch nhiftm chi khi ngudi gid hing chung minh dugc dilu ngugc lai.

Trdch nhiftm thuong mai cua ngudi chuyftn chd: ngudi chuyftn cd se phai tiftn hinh 1 cdch thfch hgp v l edn mSn viftc xftp dich chuyin, xip xftp, chuyftn chd, coi gitt, cham sdc, va gifl nhung hang hda dugc chuyftn chd Trong dd thfch hop nghla II hing hda phai sir dung dung cu dy dl xftp dd vl bao quan Cin than ngudi chuyftn chd khdng pham phai so sua't phai xftp hing theo dung so dd xftjp hing, dd hing theo diing quy trinh ky thuit.

Cung cap vln don

+) Theo Hamburg: Khdng quy dinh ro nhung trdch nhiftm cua ngudi chuyftn chd ml trach nhiftm ciia ngudi chuyftn chd dugc dua trftn nguyftn tic suy ddan I6i: Khi

cd rui ro trdch nhiftm cua ngudi chuyftn chd dugc dua trftn nguyftn tic suy doan ldi: khi cd r6i ro tdn tha't vdi hing hda thi ngudi cuyftn chd dugc coi II cd ngudi cd I6i; ngudi chuyftn chd nft'u mud'n thodt trach nhiftm anh ta phai chung minh rang ban than minh khdng co ldi hoac anh ta da dp dung moi biftn pap edn thiet thop ly de ngan ng&a moi tdn tha't say ra.

Cac trudng hgp miftn trach

+ Theo Brusels cd 17 miftn trdch cho ngudi chuyftn chd:

- Hinh vi so xua't hay khuyftt diem cua thuyin trudng, thuy thuy, hoa tiftu hay ngudi giiip viftc cho ngudi chuyftn trd trontg thudt di biln va quin tri tiu.

- Chay trir khi do ldi ldm thuc su hay cd f cua ngudi chuyftn chd.

- Tai hoa di biln, la nhfmg trudng hop bat kha khdng trftn biln cua ngudi chuyftn trd hay dai ty cua ngudi chuyftn chd da tim moi cdch de khic phuc nhung khdng duoc.

11

s r t p i t a z n f i n v8r t&j

- Thifin tai: DQng d&t, nui lira, sit dinh.

- Hknh ddng do chiS'n tranh, h&u qui cua chiln tranh.

-Hknh ddng thil dich cua dan chung.

- Tky vk hkng h6a bi c5m gitt, bi cflu thtic do ldnh cua vua chua, ldnh cua chinh quyln, ldnh cua tda in.

- Han chi vl thi tuc kilm dich.

- Dinh cOng, cUrn xudng hay lao d<tag bi ngung trd vl baft cil nguydnn hta nko,

siy ra tdan bd hay cuc bd.

- Hknh vi hay thilu s6t cua chi hkng, dai ty hay dai didn cia chi hkng.

- Do ctfu hay c6 f cuu sinh mang hofc tki sin trdn biln.

- Hao hut vl trpng luong; s6 luring hao hut do nQi ngoai $ hokc bin chit cia hkng hio (riOi ty, ngoai lk nhflng khilm khuylt cia hkng hda c6 thi do cdng

nghd chd' biln sin xu£t, cung (bag nguydn vkt lidu dl sin xu&).

- Bao bl khdng diy di (lk do bl xtfu khdng phi hgp vdi hkng hda vk vto chuyln hkng hda).

mahidu khdng diy di hoac lk sai.

- Do in tl cia tiu vdi nhflng su cin min hgp If mk vin khdng phit hifin ra duoc

(in $ cia tku lk nhdng khilm khuylt cia tku mk khdng dm th£y, khdng phit hita du<?e b&ng khi nkng thdng thudng cia con ngudi; nQi cua tku lk nhflng hu hai mang tinh bin chit cia tku).

- Mgi nguydn nhin khic khdng phii do I5i thuc su hay cd f cia ngudi chuydn chd, cia dai \<f ngudi chuydn chd Nhung trich nhiem chung minhlSi thuQc vl ngudi

chi hkng.

+ Theo I Lamburg: Xda bo hiu hit cic miln trdch, chi giOlai 1 trudng h^p duy nhit lk chiy Vk trich nhiem chiing minb I6i thudc vl ngudi chuydn chd, nhu vky lk hop 11 vl anh ta lk ngudi di theo hkng hda, chtfag kiln true tilp mpi chuydn.

Cdu 17: Thdi han trdch nhiim cua ngudi chuyin chd theo 3 quy tdc?

Thdi han trich nhidm lk thdi gian vk khdng gian mk ngudi chuydn chd phii chiu trach snhidm vl hu hdng cua hkng h6a.

+ Theo Brascls: Ngudi chuydn chd chiu trich nhidm vl hkng h6a kI tit khi hkng hda du$c xlp ldn tku d cing di cho din khi hkng h6a du$c d9 xudng tku tai cing din (tackle to tackle - mdc ciu cua tku khi mdc vko kidn hkng d cing di cho din khi m6c

ciu cia tku rdi khdi kidn hkng d cing din) trong dilu kidn hkng h6a du$c dflt xudng

m^t cich an tokn.

+ Theo Hamburg: Ngudi chuydn chd chiu trich nhidm vi hkng hda tfir khi nhan

hkng b cing xlp cho din khi giao song hkng hda b cing dd hkng quy djnh Cu thi da

nhin hkng khi anh tra nhan hkng til mdt trong nhflng ngudi gii hkng, ngudi thtfy mat ngudi guri hkng hokc co quan cd thin quyln hoic ngudi thtf 3 mk theo lukt Id cia cing dd hkng phii nhan til tay ngudi dd; da giao hkng khi giao hkng cho m$t trong

nhflng ngudi sau day: Ngudi nhan hkng haoc khi ngudi chuyinhkng dS dflt hkng hda

dudi su dinh doat cia ngudi nhan hkng phi hop vdi h^p ddng, luat Id, tip quin cing hokc khi ngudi chuydn chd giao cho co quan cd thim quyln, ngudi thtf ba mk theo

12

u n p t o m e n v a n n f a

luat 16, qui dinh tai cang d6 thi hang phdi giao cho ngudi d6, nhu vay thdi han trach nhiem da dugc md rdng hon so vdi Bruscls.

Cdu 18: Gi&i han trdch nhiem cua ngudi chuyin chfftheo 3 quy tdc?

Gidi han trdch nhiem la sd' tito t6'i da md ngudi chuy6n chd phai bdi thucmg cho mot t6n tha't trong trdch nhi6m, gid tri hdng hda khdng dugc k6 khai trong vto don hay chung tir van tai Niru gid tri hdng hdo dugc k6 khai thi se bdi thudng theo gid tri

ke khai mdt khi tdn that say ra trd trudng hop chu hdng chung minh dugc rang gid tri thuc te' cua hdng hoa Idn hon gia ti kft khai thi se b6i thudng theo gid tri hgp ddng + Theo Brussels: gidi han trach nhiem la mdt sd' tidn khdng vugt qua 100 bdng anh cho 1 kien hdng ho(ic 1 don vi hang h6a Hiftn nay, Anh quy dinh 200 bdng/kidn hdng; Mi quy dinh 500$/ kien hdng.

+ Theo Visby: gidi han trdch nhiem Id mdt sd tidn khdng vugt qud 10.000 Franc vdng cho 1 ki6n hdng hodc 1 don vi hdng h6a; hay 30 Franc vdng/kg gdm ca bi tuy theo each nao cd loi cho chu hang (Franc vdng c6 65,5mg vdng d6 nguyen chat 900/1000)

Visby da dua vdo cdhc tfnh don vi hdng h6a bdi thudng khi hdng hoa dugc chd trong container hoac efing cu vto tai tuong tu Visby qui dinh: n6'u e6 k6 khai tren vto don cdc bao gdi, ki6n nho ddng trong container thi cdc bao gdi, kien nho d6 dugc tfnh

la don vi de bdi thudng; ndu khdng k6 khai B/L thi ta't ca container chi dugc tuih Id 1 don vi hang hda de bdi thucmg.

Nghi dinh thu SDR quy dinh 666,675 SDR/ don vi hdng hoa hoac 2 SDR/kg hdng hoa ca bi, chu hdng duoc lua chon cdch tinh tuy theo each ndo eo led cho chu hdng.

+ Theo Hamburg: Gidi han trdch nhiem la 835 SDR/ don vi hdng hda hoac 2,5 SDR/kg hdng hda ca bi tuy theo cdch tinh nao cd loi.

Qudc gia nao khdng phai la thanh vien cua IMF va luat qudc gia khdng cho phep sir dung SDR thi cd the sir dung dcm vi monedaiy unit - MU de tinh gidi han trach nhiem Cu the 12.500 MU/kien hoac 37,5 MU/kg hdng hda ca bao bi, tiiy chu hang lua chon, 1MU cd 65,5 mg/vang vdi dd nguyen chat 900/1000.

Viftc tinh sd lugng kien hay don vi hdng hda bdi thudng khi hang hda ddng trong container va cdng cu chuyen chd tuong tu, gid'ng nhu Brussels, Visby.

Di&n tift'n bd la nft'u ban than vd container hoac cdng cu vto chuy&i tuong tu

md khdng thudc sd huu cua ngudi chuyen chd hoac khdng do ngudi chuyen cho eung cap thi se duoc tinh la mdt don vi hang hda bdi thucmg trong trudng hop bi mdt mat hoac hu hdng.

Cdu 19: Pham vi dp dung cua quy tac Brusels, Visby, Hamburg?

- Cdng itdc Brusels duoc dp dung cho ta't ca cac van don phdt hanh tai nude

tham gia cong udc.

- Nghi dinh thu Visby dugc dp dung cho moi vto dcm liftn quan den viftc chuyen trd hang hoa giGa cac cang cua 2 nude khac nhau trong cdc trudng hop:

+ V to don duoc cSp b 1 nude tham gia cdng udc.

+ Hang hda duoc chuyen trd tir 1 cang cua mot nude tham gia cdng udc.

13

+ Cing bo'c hay cing dd hing nim d nude tham gia cdng udc.

+ 1 trong cic cing dd hing lua chon qui dinh trong hgp ddng chuyfen chd hing hda li cang dd hing thuc tfe', l i cing thuQc nude tham gia cdng udc.

+ Van don hoic chung tir khic l i chting nhto cho chuyfen chd hing hda bing dudng biln dugc phit hinh til 1 nude tham gia cdng udc.

- Vto don hay hop ddng cd phto dto chiiu dfeh cdng udc hoic phip luat cua qudc gia chip nhto cdng udc lim ngufin luit dilu chinh.

Cdu 20: Thu tuc thdng bdo tdn thd't theo quy tdc Brusels, Visby, Hamburg?

Thdng bio tdn thit li thu tuc thdng bio btog vto bin cua ngudi nhto hing trong dd ndi ro tinh trang tdn thit cua hing hda dl-gid cho ngudi chuyfen chd trong mdt khoing thdi gian nhit dinh dl bio luu quyin khifeii nai vdi ngudi chuyfen chd + Ddi vdi t6n thit ro rfet:

Tdn thit ro rfet l i nhung tdn thit cd thi nhln thiy dugc bang mit thudng nhu dd

vd, bao bl rich Ngudi nhto hing lap bifen bin dd hing (Cargo outturm report - COR)

do cing vi nguyfen nhto lip bifen bin dd ghi rd tfen hing, sd vto dcm v i trtnh trang tdn thit cua hing hda, phii cd chu.ky cua thuyin trudng trong thdi han sau:

- Trudc hoac vio Me giao hing, theo quy tic Brussels, Visby.

- Khdng mudn hon ngiy lim vifec sau ngiy giao hing cho ngudi nhto hing theo quy tic Hamburg.

+ Ddi vdi tdn thit l i khdng ro rfet:

Tdn thit khdng rd rfet l i nhQng tdn thit khd phit hifen dugc bang mit thudng hay nhfing nghi ngd cd tdn thit Trong trudng hgp niy phii thdng bio tdn thit bang cich giii mdt thu du khing (Letter of reservation) cho ngudi chuyfen chd hoac dai ty cua ngudi chuyfen chd trong thdi gian:

- 3 ngiy kl td ngiy giao hing, theo quy tic Brussels v i Visby.

-15 ngiy lifen tuc k6 tit ngiy giao hing cho ngudi nhto theo quy tac Hamburg.

Cdu 21: Khieu nai vdi ngudi chuyen char?

+ Ngudi cd quyin khifeii nai l i ngudi cim vto dcfn mdt cich hgp phip, gdm cd:

Ngudi giao, nhto hing hda.

Ngudi cim vto dcm

Ngudi bio hilm, theo nguyfen tic &£ quyin.

+ Hd so khieu nai bao gdm:

- Vto don hdan hio da xep.

- Hda don thuoug mai.

BrtPftR m 0R V $R T& 3

- Bifin bin d6 vd vk hu hong.

-Thudukhang.

- Bifin ban giam dinh.

- Gia'y tor khdc dl chiing minh 16i cua ngudi chuy6n chd.

Tiiy tinh trang d6 v5 khac nhau mk ngudi khie'u nai lap hd so nham dam bao ngudi chuy6n ch'd se b6i thudng.

+ Thdi han khilu nai:

- Theo Brussels la 1 nkm kl tir ngky giao hkng vk kl tir ngky hdng hoa ding le duoc giao.

- Theo Visby lk 1 nkm kl tit ngay giao hkng vk kl tfir ngky hkng hda ding le duoc giao, ngoai ra hai ben c6 thi thoa thukn dl keo dki them.

- Theo Hamburg lk 2 n3m kl tir ngky giao hkng va kl tit ngky hkng hda dang le duoc giao.

Cdu 22: Die'u khoang v i tdu trong hap ddng thue tdu chuyen?

Trong hop ddng thue tku phii ghi ro:

- Tdn tku, qudc tich.

- Sd hieu cua tau

- Tudi tku

- CSfp hang cua tau

- Trong tai tinh trong tii tokn phSn

- Dung tich dang kjr, dung tfch to£in phan, dung tfch chtia hkng.

- Trang thie't bi trfin tku

- Sd luong thuyln vifin.

Ngudi chuyen chd thudng mudn duoc giu quyen tahy thi con tku bang 1 con tku khkc, nhung khi thay chu tku phii bko trudc va dim bao con tku thay the' dd cd nhttng dac dilm ky thuat tuong tu nhu tau da quy dinh trong hop ddng.

Cdu 23: Die'u khoan ve hdng hoa trong hap ddng thue tdu chuyen?

Trong hop d6ng phai ghi ro:

- Ten hkng

- Loai bao bi

- Sd luong hang h6a: ghi cu thi hokc ghi theo dung sai.

Ty le dung sai lk do thuyln trudng c6ng b6" vi vky: Niru kh6ng du hkng dl xlp thi chu hkng vin phai tri cuoie phf khdng Niru du hkng mk khong chuyen chd he't thi chu hang co quyln khie'u nai, d&i hoi b6i thudng nhQng chi phf phdt sirih lien quan din viec tku bo hkng lai.

Cku 23: Dilu khoan ve thdi han tku den cang xlp hang trong hop d6ng thue tau chuyen?

- Thdi han tku din cang x€p hang nh|n hang dl chd theo quy dinh cia hop ding, g6m co tku phai din dung thdi han, dia dilm va trong tu thi san skng nhkn hkng

dl xep.

- Co 2 ckch quy dinh: Lk 1 ngay cu thi

15

Bftp t o m 0R v t o t & j

LI 1 khoing thdi gian

- Nfe'u tiu din trade han thdi han qui dinh thi chu hing khOng budc phai giao hing vl khdng phai chiu mdt chi phf nlo hit Cdn nlu chip nhln giao sdm thi rui ro xay ra do I6i cua ngudi giao hing thi ngudi giao hing phii chiu vl tuorng tu vdi ngudi chuy6n chd.

- Niru tiu din sau thdi han quy dinh thi chu hing cd quyin huy hop ddng chuyfen chd, ngly cudi cClng cua thdi han eung II ngly huy hop ddng (cancelling date) Thuc t l chu hing cd huy hop ddng hay khdng c6n tfiry thudc vio thdi han cua hop ddng thuong mai, thdi han cua L/C.

- Cd thi ty hop ddng theo dilu kien:

+ Prompt: Tiu se dfen cing xfejp hing vii 3 ngly sau khi ty kfet hgp ddng + Promptissimo: Tiu se dfen cing xfep hing ngay trong ngly ty hop ddng + Spot prompt: Tiu se dfen cing vli gid sau khi ty hop ddng.

- Tiu duoc coi II din cing khi th6a man 2 dilu kien sau:

+ Tiu dac&p vio ciu cing qui djnh ho3c da dfen vilng thuong mai cua cang quy dinh.

+ Tiu da sin sing moi dac dilm ky thuat cho vifec xfep hing.

+ T&u da trao thdng bio sain sing xfep dd - Nor, notice of readiners - cho ngudi thufe tiu hay ngudi gdi hing 1 cich thfch hop.

Cdu 24: Quy dinh v i cdng xip hdng, cdng dd hang trong hop ddng thui tau?

- Quy dinh cu thi cing nlo, ciu cing sd mly Trong trudng hop qui djnh nhilu

cing xfep, cing bde thi phii qui dinh them thti tu dia Vf cua cing xip, cing bdc.

- Cing xfejp dd hing lu<5n phii 11 cing an toin: an tdan hing hii 14 phai cd dd slu phu hop dl cho tiu ra vao an toin v l luOn ndi an toin vl chfnh tri II phii khdng

cd chiln tranh, chiln su xay ra.

- Dl md rdng quyin han cua minh vl cing xip dd hing hda, chu tiu thudng dua thfem vio hop ddng ciu "hoSc nci nlo gin dly ml tiu cd t hi din dugc mdt cich

an toin vl ludn ludn dau ndi" vio hop ddng thi chu hing nfen thuong lugng gach bd doan nly khi ty kit hgp ddng.

Cdu 25: Qui dinh v i chi phi xep dd hdng hda trong hap ddng thui tau chuyin?

- Cd mdt sd cich qui dinh chi phf xfep do hing:

+ Theo dilu kifen tau chd (liner terms) tuc II chi phf xip dd thudc vl ngudi chuyfen chd nfen khdng qui djnh mtfc thudng phat xfep dd nhanh cham.

+ Mifen ca chi phf xip va dd cho ngudi chuyfen chd (FIO), ngudi thufe tiu phii chiu c l 2 chi phf nly, edn 2 chi phf khlc II sap xip v l san cio thi cin qui dinh cu thi hon.

+ Mifen chi phf xip hing cho ngudi chuyfen chd (FO) nhung anh ta phii chiu chi phf xfep hing d cang din.

- Vifec lua chgn dilu kifen chi phf xfep, dd nlo trong hgp ddng thufe tiu chuyin trudc hit phii phu thudc vao dilu kifen co sd giao hing trong hgp ddng mua bln ngoai thuong.

16

- Muc dfch cua vific lira chon:

- Trinh phai tri chi phf xe'p dd 2 ldn cho ngudi chuyen chd.

- Trinh tri cudc phf khfing thu6c trdch nhiem cua mlnh.

- ThuSn loi cho viec 16 chtic x6p dd hkng 6 cing nude ngoki.

- kiem ngoai te.

Cdu 26: Dieu khodn cudc phi vd thanh todn cudc pM trong hap dSng thui tdu?

Mtfc cudc la sd tiln mk ngudi thue tku phii tri cho ngudi chuydn chd cho viec van chuyln hang hda hoSc dich vu lien quan d£n v|n chuydn.

Ngudi thue tku v i ngudi chuyen chd thda thukn vdi nhau nhung ndi dung:

- Mfic cudc tinh cho 1 dcm vi hang hda.

- Ddng tiln tfnh cudc.

- Don vi tfnh cudc t&y theo thfnh chit cia hing.

- Sd luong hkng hda tinh cudc: Cd thi lk 1 sd luong thuc 6 cing di thi hien trtn van don hoac 1 sd luong thuc giao d cing de'n.

- Thdi gian dl thanh todn cudc phi:

+ Cudc phf tri trudc duoc thanh todn tai cing x£p hing sau khi ngudi chuyen chd phdt hinh vin don hoac sau 1 vki ngky.

+ Cirdc phf tri sau: 1) Cudc phf thanh tdan vko Me bit ddu dd hing; 2) cudc phf duoc thanh tdan cilng Idc vdi viec dd hang; 3) cudc phf duoc thanh todn sau khi dd hang; 4) cudc phf duoc giao khi hing hda duoc giao thuc su vi ddng dan.

+ Thuc t£ lk cudc phf duoc tri 1 phdn tai cing xip hkng, 1 phdn d cing dd hkng

va phdn cdn lai sau khi da thuc su dd xong.

Cdu 27 Trinh bay cdc ndi dung thuong phat xip dd trong hap dSng thui tdu?

+ Thdi gian xe'p dd:

Thdi gian x€p dd cd thi qui dinh lk 1 sd ngky cu thi.

Thdi gian xep dd cd thi qui dinh bang mile xe'p dd cho tokn tku hoac cho tfimg mang trong 1 don vi thdi gian.

Quy dinh theo tap qudn cua cing: Qui djnh nhu thi lk x&t chung chung nhir

cang nhanh ckng tdt, nhanh nhu tku cd cd thi giao vk nhan Khi dp dung cdn xem x6t

mvtc xe'p dd cua cing la bao nhiSu, vk khi ap dung cdch nky thi khdng chu y den che' d6 thudng phat xe'p dd.

+ Don vi tfnh thdi gian xfi'p dd

Ngky lien tuc bao gdm ci ngky thu: biy, chu nhat, ngay le.

Ngky 1km viec: Khdng gdm ngky thtf biy, chu nhat, ngky le.

Ngky 1km viec 24 gid: Nghla lk cur du 24 ti£ng ikm vi6c lien tuc thi tfnh lk 1 ngay kl ci ngky hay dem.

Ngky lam viec thdi tie't tdt: Cd 2 cdch qui dinh 1) WWDSHEXEU 1a ngky tdt trdi lam viec 24 tie'ng lien tuc kli6ng tfnh chu nhat ngky le dfi cd lam hay kh6ng; 2) WWDSHEXUU la ngay tdt trdi lam viec 24 tie'ng lien tuc khdng kl chu nhat va ngky

If trir khi cd lam.

17

Trang thiftt bi xftp dd hdm qudy htog da sdh stog d i xftp dd.

+ Thucmg phat xftp dd nhanh cham:

- Thucmg xftp dd nhanh l i khoan tiftn mi chu tto phii tri cho ngudi thuft tiu khi thdi gian xftp dd nhanh hon thdi gian qui dinh trong hop ddng.

Miic thudng b tog tiln phat xftp dd cham.

Sd tiftn thucmg btog muc tito thudng x thdi gian dirge thudng.

Thdi gian dugc thudng: Cho toto b6 thdi gian tift't kiftm dugc k! c i chu nhat ngiy 16 hoto chi thudng cho thdi gian lim viftc ti€t kiem dugc.

- Phat xftjp dd chtoi: Ngudi thuft tiu phii tri cho ngudi chuyftn chd mOt sd tiftn

vl thdi gian xftjp dd cham hon so vdi qui dinh trong hgp d6ng.

Nguyftn tic phat: Btog 2 Ito thudng, v i da phat thi luftn bj phat dii l i chu nhat

v i ngiy1ft.

- Thdi gian thudng phat dua vio bing tinh thdi gian xftp dd.

Cdu 28: Truong hop hai tau dam nhau eung cd ldi?

Trudng hgp 2 tiu dim nhau cilng cd ldi thi viftc phto chia trdch nhiftm li theo trdch nhiftm chfto; Ngudi chu tau A se bdi thudng cho chu hing B v i chu htog B se

bdi thudng cho chu tiu A; ngudi chu tiu B se bdi thudng cho chu htog A d i chu htog

A bdi thudng cho chu tiu A.

Chirong 3: Chuyftn chd hing hdo bang container

Cdu 29: Cdc dinh nghia ve Cont, cdc loai cont?

Dinh nghia container: li m<Jt cdng cu chila hing, hinh khdi hdp chO nhat btog

gd hoto btog kim loai, cd kfch thudc tiftu chuln hda dung dugc nhi£u ldn v i cd stic chira ldn Theo ISO container l i mflt c6ng cu vto tii chtfa htog cd nhtrng dac di&n sau:

1 C6 hinh ddng cd dinh & bto chic Ai s i dung dugc nhi&i lto.

2 Cd cto tao dac biftt di thuto lgi cho viftc chuyftn chd bing mQt hoac nhilu

phucmg thiic vto tii.

3 Cd thiftt b] riftng d i xip x£p, thay ddi tilt cdng cu vdn tii niy sang cdng cu

vto tii khde.

4 Cd cdu tao dac biftt dl thuto tiftn cho viftc nh6i htog vio vi rut htog ra.

5 Cd dung tfch khdng nhd hon lm \

Chu

* Container khflng phai l i bao bl tuy nd cd chtfc ntog cua bao bl.

* Khdng phai l i cdng cu vto tii, dugc sir dung d$c lap vdi c6ng cu vto tai nhu mdy bay, tiu hda

Cdc loai Container:

1 Cto cu: vio vit liftu chft' tao Container.

* Container btog thftp

18

B frp f i n m & n v $ e r f a

* Container blng nhdm

* Container blng g6 cao phan tit

2 C5n cii v&o d5c die’m Container:

* Container md dinh

* Container md su6n

* Container lanh

* Container bio fin

3 Can cti vSo kfch thudc: 6 loai chinh: 1 A, B, C, D, E, F.

4 Can cii theo c6ng dung:

* Container chd hing Mch h6a

* Container Chd hing long

* Container chd hing rdi khd

* Container dac biet

Cdu 30: Cdc giai doan phdt triin Container?

C6 th£ chia l&m 3 hoac 4 giai doan:

N£u chia lkm 3 giai doan: 1920 -1955; 1956 -1966; 1967 - nay.

NSu chia lim 4 giai doan: 1920 - 1955; 1956 - 1966; 1967 -1980; 1981 - nay.

1 Giai doan 1920 -1955:

* 1921: Container bat diu duoc sir dung trong vSn tii dudng sit d My.

* 1929: Duoc sir dung trong van tai dudng sic d Anh vk Chau Au.

* 1933: d Chau Au thlnh lap van phong van tai Container d£ quin ly vSn tii blng dudng sit.

* Trong chife'n tranh the gidi 2 Container phdt trien khi nhanh d My, hai quan

My dung connese box d£ van chuydn vu khf, quan trang.

* D£n 1950 My c6 100.000 connese box.

* Container chu yft'u duoc sir dung trong giai doan nky l i Container loai nlio (sure chd td'i da 5T, dung tfch chtia hing l-3m3, v& duotc sir dung trong van tai dudng sat ndi d|a.

’ 2 Giai doan 1956-1966:

*Ul thdi ky bit dSu cich mang Container h6a.

* ip dung ngky cang nhi£u Container loai ldn theo tifeu chudn ISO.

* Md rdng chuyen chd Container thdi gian van tii qud'c t£

* Bit diu xua't hifen tau chd Container.

* 1956 tiu chd Container diu tien ra ddi.

19

3 Giai doan 1967 d£n nay.

* dp dung ph<5 bien cac Container loai ldn theo ti6u chu&i ISO.

* Nhiiu nude da hinh thknh h6 thdng vto tii Container cua minh.

* Sit dung cdc loai cdng cu van tii, thie't bi xfip dd chuydn dimg cho Container,

cai tao vk xay dung mdi cdc cing, ga Container.

* Hlnh thknh cac tuyfin dudng biln, dudng sat, d td phuc vu chuydn chd Container trong ndi dia v i trdn the' gidi.

* 1967: ISO thdng qua tidu chuin hda dlu tidn 16n vfln chuydn Container loai ldn.

* 12/1967 6 Chau Au hinh thknh cdng ty CQT - Interecotainer cd tru sd tai Brussels phu trach chuydn chd bing container.

* 1972: Tku chuydn dung chd Container ra ddi.

* 1977: Trdn th£ gidi hlnh thknh 38 tuyfih van tii Container ndi My vdi 100 cing trfin thd gidi.

* Tit 1980 trd di tdc dd phat triin v&i tii Container ting 10% mdt nSm, cd nhung nude d Chau a cd tdc dd phat triin van tii Container 15%/nSm.

* 1987: Dudng biln van tii duoc 65 trifru TEU

* 1990: Dudng biln van tii duoc 84 trifiu TEU

* Khdi luong hing hda di qua cdc cing ldn trdn th£ gidi:

Roctecdam: 3,6 tridu TEU

Cdu 31: Cdng cu vdn chuyin xep dd Container trong vdn tai da&ng biin:

1 Cdng cu van chuyin Container trong van tai dudng biin.

Cdng cu van chuyin Container trong van tii dudng biln lk tku chd Container

Trong thuc t£, chung ta gap cdc loai Container sau:

* Tku bin Container (semi container ship): Lk tku vira chuydn chd hkng hda bao gdi thdng thudng vira cd thi chuydnchd mdt sd luong container nhat dinh.

* Tau container kiiu t6 ong (full cellular container ship): lk tku cd cdu tao nhiiu him gidng nhu 1 6 ong di chtia container Trdn bong cing cd thi chd duoc 2-3

ldp container Tku cd c§xi c£u chuydn dung di phuc vu x€p dd container ldn xudng

tku.

20

* T iu container kilm LASH (lighter aboard ship) l i tiu chd mdt s6 x i lan, m8i

x i lan cd trong tii trung binh khoing 300 - 1000T.

X i lan c6 th i chd cdc loai hing hda thdng thudng hoic chd container c6 chiia hang.

Tiu LASH duoc goi l i tiu me (Morther ship)

X i lan duoc gpi l i tiu con.

X i lan chtfa container dugc x ip d a I6n xutfng tiu me theo cich ndi Hoat on - Hoat off.

Nhfing tiu chd container cd ciu tao khdng phai t6 ong dugc goi chung l i none cellular container ship.

2 Cdng cu xip d8 container trong v3n tii dudng biln.

* C in cd vio cdng dung ta chia lim 3 nh6m.

- Cdng cu xip dd container lfen xudng tiu cic loai cin ciu container c5 ldn Viet nam ding: Cin ciu giin; l i loai cin ciu hifin dai nhlt cd nang suit 40 TEU/ h, c6 thi n9ng 80 tdh/lln Cin ciu khung.

- Cdng cu xip dd container tai cic kho bai container (container yard/ container depot): nhu cdc cin ciu tu hinh, cin ciu chay trSn ray, xe ndng, m ly klo, g ii xe container.

- Cdng cu xfep dd phuc vu vific x ip dd ra vio container tai tram nhdn tra hing (container freight station = CFS) nhu xe ndng cd nhd (Fork lift) cd trong tai ldn, cd thi ch6ng container len 4,5 ldn.

Cdu 32: The nao la CD (Container depot), CFS, CY, ICD (inland clearance depot), TEU;

1 Container Yard, CY: Bai container: l i nai tiln hinh giao nhdn bao quan container cd hing vio container r6ng thudng dugc bd tri tilp gidp vdi b ln container Diftn tfch CY phii rlt ldn, tuy theo sd lugng v i chiiu dii cua cic b ln container.

2 Container Freight Station CFS: Tram giao nhdn v i ddng gdi hing le, l i ndi tiln hinh d l xip vio container v i tilp tuc chuyfen chd, hodc dd hang ra khdi container

d l giao cho ngudi nhdn hing, CFS thudng dugc xdy durng ngoii pham vi cua cing.

3. Container Depot: CD: Tram container: l i nai giao nhdn, bio quin hing hda

v i bao quin container, d6ng thdi tiln hanh cic nghiep vu sira chfta container Tram

container c6n la nai tiln hinh cdc thu tuc hai quan, kilm tra hing hda xud't nhdp khiu.

4 Inland clearance depot: ICD: Tram hai quan trong ndi dia T it ca cdc tram container duoc bd tri nlm siii trong ndi dia thi dugc goi la ICD (cang kho) Viet nam

BftP HR ® 0R V&R TfiJ

goi ICD lk cing thdng quan ndi dia, Gia lam, hkng hda nhftp v i c6 thi dem v i ICD di

d5 vk fciim tra mk khdng cSn phai kiim tra ngay tai cing.

5 TEU = 20 feet, lk mdt container loai IC.

Cdu 33: The nao ld hdng nguyen (FCL) vd giao hdng nguyen (FCUFCL)?

Hkng nguyen: (FCL; Full container load); lk nhGng Id hkng c6 khdi luong ldn

du di trong mdt hokc nhiiu container, thudng chi cd 1 ngudi gui vk 1 ngudi nhan Giao hkng nguydn: (FCL/FCL) bao gdm cic budc sau:

1 Chu hkng sau khi da ddng ddy hkng vko container thi giao nguyen container

da kep chi cho ngudi van tai tai bai container cua cing di (CY).

2 Ngudi chuyen chd bang chi phf cua minh phii xip len tku vk vto chuyin din cing.

3 Ngudi chuydn chd chi phf cua minh phii dd container vk mang vi CY cua cing de'n.

4 Ngudi chuyen chd giao container cdn niem phong cho ngudi nhan Chu Dia diim giao hkng: Chu hkng giao cho ngudi van tii, ngudi VSn tai dai dien cho ngudi mua CY/CY Nhflng chi phf ddng vko container vk dd hkng ra khdi container do chu hkng chiu.

Cdu 34: Thendo Id hdng le’: (LCL) vd giao hdng le’ (LCULCL);

Hkng IS: Less than container load, LCL: Lk nhflng Id hkng nho khdng du ddng

trong mdt container hokc lk Id hkng ldn nhung c6 nhiiu chu hkng;

Giao hkng le: (LCL/LCL) gdm cic budc sau:

1 Chu hkng le giao hkng cho ngudi chuyen chd hokc ngudi gom hkng tai CFS (tram giao nhan ddng gdi hkng li) cfia cing di.

2 Ngudi chuyen chd chi phf cua minh ddng hkng vko container, niem phong kep chi.

3 Ngudi chuyen chd bang chi phf cua minh xfip container len tku vk chuyen chd noi d£n.

4 Ngudi chuy6n_chd bang chi phf cua minh dd container khdi tku vk dua d£n CFSS cua ngudi chuyen chd hofc cing din.

5 Ngudi chuyen chd dd hkng ra khdi container vk giao cho ngudi nh&i hkng.

Chu $:

- Dia diim giao hang la CFS.

- Ngufid chuyen chd chiu nhiiu chi phf khac nhau: Chi phf, gdi, dd hkng khdi container.

- D i tao di&i kien thukn loi cho ngudi chu hkng cung nhu ngudi chuyen chd ngudi giao nhan diing ra kinh doanh giiri hkng 18 = container, duoc g<?i lk ngudi gom hkng (constidator) Hp tap hop nhflng Id hkng le cua nhiiu chu hkng thknh Id hkng h6n hop (consolidation/groupage) ddng vko container vk ti£n hknh t6 cMc chuyenchd theo phuong phip FCL/FCL.

22

B 7 iP ? m m 6 R V $ R T ft 3

Cdu 35: The nao Id nhan le giao nguyen (LCLIFCL) vd nhdn nguyen, giao

le (FCLILCL) trong van tdi container?

NhSn le giao nguyfen: (LCL/FCL) (CFS/CY)

1 Chi hang le giao hang cho ngudi chuyfen chd tai CFS cua cang di.

2 Ngudi chuyen chc( bing chi phi cua minh dong hdng vao container, nifem phong kep chi.

3 Ngudi chuyfen chd bang chi phf cua minh xfep container lfen tdu vd chuyfen chd dfen ncfi den.

4 Ngudi chuyfen chd bang chi phf cua minh d9 container khdi tiu va dua tdi

CY cua cang dfe'n.

5 Ngudi chuyfenchd giao container con nifem phong kep chi cho ngudi nhan

Chu f: Dia diem giao hang la CY Chi phf d6ng hang vao container do ngudi

chuyfen chd chiu Chi phi dd hang khoi container do ngudi chuyfen chd chiu.

Cdu 36: Cdc phucmg hpap giao hdng bang container? Hay gidi thick cdc

khdi niem FCL/FCL, FCLILCL, LCL/LCL, LCL/FCL?

LCL/FCL: Phucmg phap nhto le giao nguyfen.

Cdu 37: Khi mua bdn hdng ddng trong container c6 the silt dung cdc dieu kien thucmg mai Quite te'FOB, CIF duffc khdng? tai sao?

* Cdc dilu kifen FOB, QF cd dilm giao hang Id lan can tau (diem ph&n chia trach nhifem, dilm di chuyin quyin sd huu hdng hda).

* Con trong vdn chuyin container thi dilm giao hdng Id CY hay CFS Nhu vdy, giao hdng container vdi cdc dilu kien FOB, CIF la khOng phu hep vi dilm giao hang thuc tfe' vdi dilm giao hdng trong hop d6ng Id khde nhau.

* Trdch nhiem trong hop ding vd trong thuc te cua ngudi bdn vd ngudi mua Id khde nhau.

Trong thuc te d Viet Nam da sd cac cong ty XNK lai ding container trong cdc dieu kien giao nhan FOB, CIF Nhu vay trong trudng hop c6 tin thdt trong cdc doan giua lan can tau vdi CY hoac CFS kh6ng dugc b6i thudng, tham chf cd bdo hilm Trong bao hilm ngudi tra chi bao hilm khi cd lgi fch bdo hilm nghia Id cd quyen sd huu hdng hoa bi t6n tha't nhung trong giai doan giCra lan can tdu vd CY, CFS thi ngudi mua chua cd quyin sd huu hdng hda trong khi do ngudi ban da giao hdng cho ngudi vdn chuyin roi Vay phai ding cac dilu kifen:

FCA thay cho FOB

CPT thay cho CFR

CIP thay cho CIF

Cdu 38: Cdc laoi cit&c pM vd phu p h i trong chuyenchff hdng hda bang container?

Cac loai cufic phi: cudc phi la khoan tiln md chu hdng tra cho ngudi van tai bao gom ca phu pin.

Cuo'c FAK (Freight all land) cudc tinh chung cho moi loai hdng hoa:

©ftp t e ordR v t e t A j

* Lk loai cudc trong d6 quy dinh tit c i c5c loai hkng hda x£p trong container dupe tfnh theo mdt mtfc cudc nhu nhau D4y lk viec don g$n h6a viec tfnh cudc.

* Dan vi tfnh cudc c6 thi lk trpng luqmg ho|c sd lupng.

* Uu diim: Dan giin trong viec tfnh todn tiin cudc.

* Nhupc: Nhflng hkng hda cd gM trj thfifp se bi thiSt do dd phii tfnh todn moi bi6n phip nh&m sue dung tdi da trong tii vk dung tfch cua container.

Cudc CBR (comodity box rate).

* Lk cudc tfnh theo c3p hang mat hkng xfip trong container.

* Don vi tfnh cudc lk container nhung ip dung cho mOt s 6 mkt hkng xlc dinh

vk cd quy dinh trpng luong hkng hda tdi da cho mdi loai container.

* Cudc nky Ip dung cho nhflng hop ddng cd khdi luong ldn.

* TEU: tuong tu cudc theo 1 container VD: 500$/container.

* FCL: Cudc hkng nguyen.

* LCL rate: Cudc hkng 16 = FCL rate LCL service charge.

* Cudc chuyen chd hkng hda trdn chkng dudng chfnh.

* Cudc chuydn chd hkng hda trdn chang dudng phu.

Cdc loai phu phf: phu phf lk nhflng phf lien quan din dich vu container.

- THC (terminal handling charge): Chi phf bin bai, Viet Nam chua thu phu phf nky.

- LCT service charge: phu phf djch vu hkng IS.

- Phu phf nang container ldn, dat container xudng (up and down removal)

- Phu phf giao hkng IS (break bull cargo)

- Bak: phu phf dlu (B)

- Phu phf do ddng yen tang gid (yen).

- Phu phf VD(B/L, fee)

- Phu phf van chuyin dudng bd

-Phu phf luu kho luu bai

- Tiin phat dpng container.

Cdu 39: Tiin phat dong container Gidi han trdch nhiim c ia ngudi chuyin chd dp dung cho container?

Tiin phat dpng container: lk khdan tiin mk chu hkng phii tri cho ngudi chuyen chd do vide di hkng trontg container qud lku so vdi thdi han quy djnh.

Tiin phat dpng quy dinh cua ICD Gia Lam.

Ddi vudi hkng nhap khlu sau 1 ngky tfnh tiin phat dpng.

Ddi vdi hkng xult khlu: sau 3 ngky tfnh tiin phat dpng.

Container 20: Phat $2/ngky trong vdng 5 ngky ddi vdi container cd hkng Phat $l,5/ngky trong vdng 5 ngky ddi vdi container khdng hkng.

24

TiSt ngly 32 trb di phat gip 4 lin.

Gidi han trich nhiftm cua ngudi chuyfen chd ip dung cho container.

Quy tic Hague khdng dilu chinh Van tii = container.

Hague - Visby v i Humburg diu dl cap din vin chuyin = container.

* Hing h6a ddng trong container d6ng thdi c6 kft khai B/L gdm bao nhidu kifen hing thi m6i kifen hing dd duoc coi 11 dow vi dl tmh gidi han trdch nhifem.

* Nfiru khdng lifet kfe sd' luong hing hda trong container trong B/L thi chi coi sd' luong hing hda dd li i don vi 1 kifen.

* Quy tic hamburg edn quy dinh thfem nlu container bi mat ma container iy khdng do ngudi chuyfen cho eung c£p container a'y eung ducrc coi li 1 kifen (1 don vi).

Cdu 40: Hiiu qud cua vdn tdi ddi vdi ngudi vdn tdi vd chi hdng?

Hifeu qua cua van tai container ddi vudi ngudi van tii:

* Giim thdi gian xfep dd din din tang vdng quay cua phucmg tifen van tai.

* Giam chi phi diu tu mua sim phuotng tifeirvan tii cdng cu xfejp dd.

* Giim gii thinh vto tii do giim cbi phi xfejp dd, lim hing, chi phf lim hing trong vto tii khdng dung container ldn hon 50% gii chi phf lim hing vto tii diing container 15% gii.

* Giam nhe duoc trich nhifem ddi vdi t6n thit hing hda v l dd phai giai quyfe't khifeu nai ddi bdi thudng t6n thit ddi vudi chu hing.

* Tao dilu kifen thuln loi cho vifec truyln tii.

Hifeu qui ciia v|n tii container vdi chu hing.

* Giim cudc phf.

* Giam chi phf bao bi

* Bio vfe hing hda an toin hon

* Rut ngin thcd gian luu thdng cua hing hda lim cho ddng vd'n quay vong nhanh hon.

* Tife't kifem phf bio hilm

Dilu kifen dl nlng cao hifeu qua cua vifec chuyfen chd hang hda bing container.

* Cd ngudn hing ldn 6n dinh vi tuong ddi can bing gifia 2 chiiu chuyfen chd

thfch hop vdi chuyfen chd bing container (ca kinh t6 vl ky thuat).

* Cd co sd vat cha't ky thuat ddng bd vi hifen dai, khai thac cd hifeu qua cic ca

sd vat chit dd.

* Phai cd md hinh t6 chflc quin ty tifen tife'n.

Chuong 4: Gom hing v i v&n tii da phucmg thurc.

Cdu 41: Gom hdng vd loi ich cua gom hdng?

1 Gom hing:

* La viec tfip hop nhimg Id hing nho (le tir nhung ngudi giri hang thanh nhung

16 hang ldn (nguySn) d l gfti di cho cic ngudi nhto d nai dfen

25

b & p t o ar0R v t e t & i

* Muc dich: Giim chi phf van tii vk tang khi nang cua phuong tien van tii.

* Trinh tu gom hkng:

- Ngudi gom hkng nhan giri nhung 16 hkng le cua ngudi gCii tai CFS.

- Ngudi gom hkng tap hop lai thknh 16 hang nguyen, kilm tra hii quan vk d6ng vko container tai CFS.

- Ngudi gom hkng nky giri vko cdc container nky bing phuong thtic van tii khdc nhau (dudng biln, dudng sat, dudng hkng khdng ) cho dai ty cua minh tai nci d£n.

- Dai ly cua ngudi gom hkng tai ncd d£n nhan duoc cic container nky, dd hkng

ra vk giao cho ngudi nhan tai CFS d ncd d£n Cdc chung tir lien quan:

+ House B/L: (van don gom hkng) ngudi gom hkng giao cho ngudi giri hkng + Master B/L: (Van don chu) (Hay airway bill): ngudi chuyen chd giao cho ngudi gom hkng.

+ Delivery order: (Lenh giao hkng) dilng khi kh6ng chip house B/L mk cflp van don chung chu Timg ngudi nhan cim lenh giao hkng xudng kho dl llnh hkng.

2 Loi fch cua viec gom hkng.

* D5i vu6i ngudi gid hkng:

- Duoc hudng cudc phf ft hon n£u nhu ta true tiSp giao dich vdi ngudi van tii.

- Chu hkng cam M y tliukn tien hon khi 1km viec vdi ngudi gom hkng mk cd khi nang v|n tii di sudt tir curia dlh cira hon lk giao djch vdi ngudi vta tii mk kh6ng

cd khi nang di sudt (cic hang chi kinh doanh tr6n mdt vki tuygn dudng nhat dinh).

- Ngudi gom hkng thuctag cung cap cic dich vu vkn tii tir cua d£n cira vk dich

vu phan phdi mk cic hang tku thudng khdng 1km.

* Ddi vdi ngudi chuyen chd.

- Tilt kiem duoc gi£y td chi phf vk thdi gian do phii giii quy£t cic Id hkng IS.

- Tan dung h£t khi nang chuyen chd vl ngudi gom hkng da ddng diy container.

- Khdng so cic chu hkng le khdng tri tiln cudc.

* Ddi vdi ngudi gom hkng: Duoc hudng chenh l$ch v l cudc phf mk ho phii tri cho ngudi vkn chuyln (cudc hkng nguyen) vk tiln mk ho thu duoc cic ngudi giri (hudng thSp hon cudc hkng le dl khuye'n khfch_ngudi gin).

Cdu 42: Khdi niem, dac diem c ia vdn tdi da phuong th&c?

1 Khii niem: Van tii DPT (multimodal/com/intennodal transport) lk mdt phucmjj thtic van tii, trong dd hkng hda duoc chuyln blng hai hay nhiiu phuong thtic van tii khic nhau, tr6n co sd mdt chiing td van tai, mdt chi' dd trich nhiem vk chi mdt ngudi chiu trich nhiem vl hkng hda trong sudt qui trinh chuyen chd td mdt dia diim nhkn hkng dl chd d nude nky de'n mdt dja diim giao hkng dnudc khic.

2 Dac diim:

* Cd ft nhat 2 phuong thtic van tii tham gia.

* Trong hknh trinh van tii DPT chi sd dung mdt chiing tir, cd thi lk:

Chiing td vin tii DPT (multimodal transport document)

- Van don van tii (DPT (multimodal transport B/L).

- Van don van tii lien hop (Combined transport B/L)

- B/L for Conmbined Transport Shipment or port to port Shipment.

26

Bftp t o n r t e v fo z t A j

* trong hinh trtnh vdn tai DPT c6 mdt ngudi chiu trdch nhiem v l htog h6a trade ngudi g ii d6 lk ngudi kinh doanh vto tii DPT (multimodal transport spectator MTO) MTO phii chiu trdch nhiem vi htog hda kl tir khi MTO da nhto duoc htog hda dI chd tai ncri di cho de'n khi da giao xong htog cho ngudi nhto d noi dfih.

* MTO chiu trdch nhiem ddi vdi htog hda theo mdt che' dd trdch nhiem nha't dinh: Che' dd trdch nhiem thdng nha't hodc che' dd trdch nhiem timg chtog thy theo su thda thuto cua 2 ben.

- Oie' d(J trdch nhifim thdng nhdt (Uniform liability system)

- Ch£ dd trdch nhiem tiJng chtog (Network liability system)

* MTO khdng nhft thiet phai vto tdi ml cd thi thue ngudi khde.

* Vto tdi DPT thudng sir dung cdc cdng cu vto tdi nhu container, pallet Chd $

ne'u trong mdt htoh trinh, htog hda c&ng duoc vto chuyin hai hay nhilu phuotog thde vto tdi nhung lai sir dung hai hay nhilu chd dd trdch nhiem cua cdc phuong thde vto tai thi dd khdng phai Id vto tdi DPT md vto tai dut doan.

Cdu 43: Thi'nho Id chi’ dd trdch nhiim thdng nhdt (Uniform liability system)

vd chedd trdch nhiim titng chdng (network liability system):

Che' dd trdch nhiem thdng nha't: TCc Id trtn chtog dudng vto tdi DPT dd chi sir dung mdt c6ng udc, mdt quy dinh Mdt ch£ dd trdch nhiem chi cd mQt co sd trdch nhiem CM dd trdch nhiem timg chtog: Id trong hdnh trtnh vto tdi DPT dy sd dung nhieu ch£ dd trdch nhiem, nhieu quy udc, ludt le khde nhau quy dinh trdch nhiem cua ngudi chuyen chd.

Ntfu dp dung chi do trdch nhiem timg chtog khi c6 t6n that se cd hai trudng hop xay ra.

* Bie't ducrc tin thdt da xay ra d chtog vto chuyin ndo dd thi se dp dung che dd trdch nhiem cua PTVT tuong tfng.

* KhOng xac dinh duoc tdn that da xay ra d chtog ndo trong trudng hop nay hai ben phai thoa thuto trong hop d6ng vto tai DPT (hay quy dinh san luong chdng tir vto tai DPT) Id se dp dung chi dd trdch nhiem cua phuong thtic vto tai ndo, ludt le quy tic ndo?

Cdu 44: Cdc hinh thitc van tdi da phucmg thirc:

Vto tai da phuong thufe Id su ke't hop cdc phuong thtfc vdn tai vdi nhau dl dem lai hieu qua kinh te' vto tai theo he thdng nhdt dinh.

* Vdn tai ke't hop vdn tai dudng biln va vto tai hdng khdng (SEA/AIR)

- Ddy la kieu ke't hop gitta trnh kinh te' cua vto tai dudng biln va td'c dd vdn tai hdng khdng.

- Hinh thde nay duoc ditng dl chuyen chd nhung htog h6a cd gid tri cao nhu d6 dien, dien tir va cdc hang hda c6 t£nh thdi vu cho nhu quin do, d6 choi.

- Duoc dung ph6 biln tren the' gidi ddc biet tut Vita Ddng di Chdu Au.

* Vdn tai ke't hop vdn tai hdng khdng vd vto tdi dudng bd (AIR/ROAD)

- Dich vu nhto va giao (pick up and delivery) cua vto tai dudng bd thudng gto

liln vdi vto tai hang khdng.

- Dirac sit dung chu ylu b My va td Mi di cdc nirdc khde

27

M p A n nr^R v t o n t o

* Van tai ket hop v4n tai dudng s5t vk van tii 6 td (RAH/ROAD)

- Day lk su ket hop gifia tfnh an tokn vk tdc dd cua van tii dudng sit vdi tinh co ddng cua van tii 6 td.

-Phuongphapnky duocrdp dung diutiend Myvk-Ghku Au.

* Van tii dudng sit/ dudng bd/ van tii ndi thuy - van tii biln - van tii dudng sit/ dudng sit/ dudng b6/ ndi thuy (RAH, ROAD AND - WATERWAY SEA - ROAD/INLAND WATERWAY).

- Thudng duoc ding khi hkng hda van chuyln bang dudng biln tit m§t nude nky sang nude khic.

- Cic phuong thtfc van tii dudng bQ, dudng sit, duoc s i dung.d! chuyfin chd hkng hda tit mdt cai giio trong ndi dia nude di ra cing vk tit cing cua nude d£n vl cic

trung tarn tifiu thu b trong nQi dia.

* Land bridge (ciu luc dia) ttir lk cii gl thiic sca-rail/road-sca Tr6n thd gidi cd- hai loai he thdng Land bridge ldn.

- Gifia Chau Au hay Trung Ddng, Vita ddng qua lanh thd cia cic nude thudc Lifin Xd cu S i dung he thdng vin tii container bang dudng sit xuyta xudt.

- Gifia Chiu Au vk Vita ddng qua lanh thd cia My TCr nam 1990 hinh thknh tuyta mdi ViSn Ddng - Mexico qua bd biln phfa Tky cia MI.

* Mini-Bridge:

Tit cing (nude xuSt khiu) dta cing (nude nhap khiu) qua dudng bd hay dudng sit din thknh phd cing cua nude nhap khiu.

Dugrc s i dung d l chuyta chd hkng hda gifia My vk cic nude Vita Ddng, gifia

My vk Chau au, gifia My vk Astralia.

* Micro-bridge: Gidng nhu mini-bridge, chi khic hknh trinh khdng phii lk thknh cing mk lk trung tam cdng nghiep, trung tam thuong mai ndi dia.

Thiy tu3n:

a Can cu: vko hknh trinh cd:

* Door to door (tit nude phit triln sang nude phit triln)

* Door to CY (CFS) (tit nude phit triln sang nude dang phit triln)

* CY (CFS) to door (dang phit triln sang nude phit triln)

* CY (CFS) to CY (CFS) (dang phit triln sang nude dang phit triln)

b Can ctf vko cdc phuong thfic tham gia:

* Sea/air: nhanh hon van tii biln r£ hon van tii miy bay.

* Air/truck: tdc dd cao + linh hoat.

* Mini bridge (sea/rail): cii gl lk doan dudng sit, dudng biln lk chinh.

* Land bridge (sea/road/sea): Ciu luc dia.

* Seatrain (rail/sea/rail)

Cdu 45: Hiiu qua c ia vdn tdi DPT:

Hieu qui cia vin tii DPT lk tdng hop cia nhiiu uu diim, leri fch cia viec chuyen cho» hkng hda bing container cia -viec gom hkng vk cia phuong phdp v|n chuyln di sud't (through transport)

* Loi fch cia viec vin chuyln hkng hda bing container.

28

B K P t o m Q R V t e T r a

* Loi ich cua vifec gom hing

* Cii gi day

- Tao ra dilu m6'i day nhSt trong vifec van chuyen tilr cita dfen cia.

- Giam thdi gian tifeu phi b cic dilm chuyin tai.

- Tang nhanh thdi gian giao hing.

- Giam chi phf van tai.

- Don gian hoa chung til va thu tuc.

- Tao dilu kifen td't hon de sire dung phuong tifen v|n tai, xfep dd, ca sd ha ting,

tifep nhan c6ng nghfe van tii mdi v i quan ly hifeu qui qui trinh lutu thdng vto tai.

- Van tii DPT tao ra dich vu mdi, gdp ph|n giai quyfe't c6ng in vifec lim cho xa h6i.

Cdu 46: Khdi niem vd cdc loai MTO.

Khdi nifem ve MTO:

Theo cdng udc cua lifen hop qudc ve v§n tai DPT 1980: MTO l i bat ky ngudi nao, far minh hay thOng qua mdt ngudi khac ty ket mdt hop ddng van tai.DPT v i hoat ddng nhu l i mot ben chfnh (puncipal), chu khdng phai la dai ly, ngudi giri hing hoic nhttng ngudi chuyen chd tham gia vSn tai DPT v i chiu trach nhifem thuc hiftn hop ddng van tai da phuong thtic.

Cic loai MTO:

1 MTO c6 tiu: Ra dci diu tifen: VO-MTO (vessel operating MTO) do cic chu

tiu la ngudi MTO khdng sd httu, kinh doanh v i khai thic tiu biln Loai niy c6 thi li nhttng ngudi sau day eung cip djch vu:

a) Chu sb httu mdt trong cdc phuong tifen sau: Hing hing khdng cdng ty van tii

d td ngudi kinh doanh van tai dudng sat.

b) MTO chuyfen nghifep: Khdng cd cai gi: Thudng la ngudi giao nhan, ngudi gom hing, ngurdi eung cap dich vu vin tai td cira tdi cita, nhung ngudi kinh doanh dich vu van tii: xfep dd, kho hang.

Tham khao:

MTO khdng cd tiu c6 thi gdm:

* Chu sb huu mdt trong cac phuong tifen vin tii khic khdng phii li tiu biln

nhung lai eung cSp dung vu van tai di sudt.

* Ngudi kinh doanh nhttng dich vu lifen quan dfen vin tii nhu bd'c dd, luu trtt.

* Nhttng ngudi chuyfen chd cdng cdng khdng cd tau (non vessel operating comon carrier NVOCC).

* NGudi giao nhan (Freight Fowarder) (MTO chuyfen nghifep)

Cdu 47: Trdch nhiem ci’ia LHQ ddi vdi hdng hoa.

Theo cdng udc cua UN (LHQ)

Co sd trich nhifem:

- MTO phai chiu trich nhiftm vl nhttng thifet hai do mit mit hay do hu hdng cim hing hda, eung nhu cham giao hing nfe'n nhu cd' gay ra mit mat, hu hdng hay ch|m giao hang xay ra.

29

B ftp t o m en vim t & t

- Cham giao hing h6a xiy ra khi hing hda khOng ducrc giao trong ty han da th6a thuan Nifti khdng qui dinh thdi gian cu thi thi MTO phai giao trong mQt thdi gian hop ty m l mdt MTO phai giao sau khi da tfnh dftn hoin cinh cua su viftc Sau 90 ngly k l tOt ngly hft han giao hing m l MTO chua giao hing thi coi nhuhlng bi mit Thdi han trich nhiem (period of responsibility): Gitfng Hamburg.

Gidi han trich nhiftm (limit of liability):

- Nfiru cd vin tai dudng thuy I I 920 SDR/kiftn hay 2,75 SDR/kg khi hing h6a c i

bl bi mit.

- Niru khdng vin tii dudng thuy thi II 8,33 SDR/kg.

- Giao hing: Gidi han trich nhiftm bing 2, sd tiln van chuyin nhung khdng ldn hon ting sd tiln cudc tri cho tiu.

- Khi hing van tai bing container, trailer, pallet cttng cd quy dinh:

+ Nlu hing hda cd kft khai sd bao kiftn trong vin dcm thi kiftn hing dd dugc coi

II mdt don vi dl ip dung gidi han trich nhiftm.

+ Nft'u khdng kft khai sd kiftn trong vto don thi c i container duoc coi l i mdt don

vi-+ Nft'u ban thin container bi mit m i container dd khdng thudc sb httu MTO hay

khdng do MTO eung cip thi c i container dugc coi l i mdt kiftn (1 don vi) d l de tfnh Theo qui tic cua UNDTAC/ICC:

- Co sb trich nhiftm: Miftn trich nhiftm cho MTO theo mdt sd trudng hop:

+ L5i hinh vin.

+ Thiftt hai do chiy, trflr khi chiy do MTO cd $ giy ra.

- Gidi han trich nhiftm:

Gidi han trich nhiftm cua MTO 11 666,67 SDR/kiftn (DV) hay 2 SDR/kg khi

hing hda c i bl bi mit Hiftn nay chi ip dung bin qui tic (theo $ mudn) vi cdng udc

chua cd hiftu luc Nft’u khdng mudn ip dung thi cd thi ip dung chi dQ trich nhiftm timg ching.

Cdu 48: Thdng bdo tdn that vd khifu nai ddi vdi MTO.

1 thdng bio tin thit:

a/ Vdi tin thit ro rftt:

- Phii guri thdng bio bing vin bin cho MTO khdng muQn hon ngiy lim viftc sau ngiy giao hing cho ngudi nhan.

- Thdng bio phii kfem theo vin bin dii tich (cd su tham gia chung kiln cua cic bftn v i xic nhan).

b/ Vdi tin thit khdng rd rftt.

- Ngudi nhan phii guri thdng bio tin thit cho MTO trong vdng 6 ngiy liftn tuc sau ngiy hing duoc giao cho minh.

c/ Vdi chim giao hing:

- Thdng bio phii g ii hing trong vdng 60 ngiy liftn tuc sau ngiy hing hda duoc giao cho ngudi nhin hay sau ngiy ngudi nhin duoc thdng bio da giio hing.

- Nft'u khdng cd thdng bio tin thit guri cho MTO trong nhttng thdi han trftn thi viftc giao hing cua MTO duoc coi 11 phii hop vdi md ti cua vin tii DPT.

d/ Khiftii nai vdi MTO:

30

B ftp t e m a n v t e t&3

H6 so khie'u nai bao g6m:

- Van don van tai D P T \^ ^

- Chiing til vSn tii DPT Chung minh cd tdn that siy ra

- Chiing tir hda don *

- Bifin ban gidm dinh Chung minh gid tri cua t6n that

Thdi han giri b£> h6 so la 6 thang (theo cdng udc) vk 9 thdng 9theo bdn qui tic)

kd til ngdy giao hing hda ddng le phdi duoc giao cho ngudi nhan Thdi gian dd gidi quySt tranh chip (thu ty vu viec) Id 2 ndm.

Cdu 49: Ndi dung cua chting tit Vdn tdi DPT.

1 Tinh chait chung cua hdng h6a, nhimg ki ma hieu chinh dd nhan dang hdng h6a Tinh cha't nguy hidm cua hdng hoa nfiii c6, s6' luong ki6n, trong luong cd bi vd nhung chi tie't khdc do nguai cung ca'p.

2 Tinh trang ben ngodi cua hdng hda.

3 Ten vd tru sb kinh doanh chinh cia MTO.

4 T6n ngudi giri hdng.

5 T6n ngudi nhdn hdng, ndu do ngudi giri hang chi dinh.

6 Ngdy vd noi md MTO nhan hdng de chd.

7 Noi giao hdng.

8 Ngdy vd thdi gian giao hdng n£u c6 th6a thuan gifra cdc ben.

9 Chiing tit van tii DPT luu thdng duoc hay khdng luu thdng duoc.

10 Ngay vd noi cdp chung til vdn tii DPT.

11 Chu ky cua MTO hay ngudi duoc MTO uy quy£n.

12 TiSn cudc cho mdi phuong thiic Van tdi n£u c6 thda thudn hay tidn cudc do ngudi nhan tra

13 Hinh trinh vdn tai DPT, cdc phuong thiic van tai tham gia vd noi chuyln tdi.

15 Moi chi ti£t khdc ma cdc ben thoa thuan dua vdo n£u khdng trdi vudi luat le cua nude md d d6' chung tir van tai DPT duoc ca'p.

Thdy Tufi'n:

Chu cd chung tit ndo duoc chuih thiic dp dung chung cho cdc nude tren the' gidi.

1 COMBLDOC (Combined Transport Doccument): Chiing tir van tii lien hop

do BIMCO ban hdnh, muc dich Id dd cho cdc chu tdu sur dung khi t6 chiic vdn tii DPT.

2 MULTLDOC (Multimodal Transport Doc): Chiing tir vdn tii do UNCTAD, muc dich dd cdng udc vd vdn tii DPT nSm 80 nhanh chdng cd hieu luc, Ndi dung cua chiing til pM hop vdi ndi dung cua Cdng udc.

3 FBL (FIATA combined transport BL): Van don van tii lien hop IATA, (PLATA: lien dodn qudc te' cua cdc hiep hdi giao nhdn), la chiing til do FIATA ban hdnh, muc dich dd ngudi giao nhan, ngudi gom hdng khi t6 chiic gom hdng hay van tai DPT.

4 Bill of lading for Combined Transport Shipment on port to port shipment ThSm:

Dac diem cua vdn tai DPT:

1 Nhieu phuong thiic tham gia (trong mot hanh trinh)

2 Mdt chting tfir duy nhdt

3 Mdt hop d6ng duy nha't

4 M6t ngudi chiu trdch nhiem cho hing h6a: ngudi td chtic Van tdi DPT Nguyftn nhdn ra ddi:

1 Do phdi hodn thifen khau phan phdi vat chit (vl vto chuyin hdng hda tir noi ndy tdi noi khde)

2 Do van tai container phdt triin (dau tifen tfir du5ng biln) -> bi iin tic container

b cdc cdu cdng -> mit can ddi gitta cdc phuong thtic -> edn kft hgp cdc phuong thtic

vdn tdi biln vdi cdc phuong thtic van tai khde.

3 Do nhu cdu vdn tdi tit "cita" dfen "cCra": XNK phdi tham gia vdo vdn chuyin -

> lifen kft cdc phuong thuc vdn tdi khde.

4 Cdc phuong tifen thdng tin rd't phdt triln:

Do lifen kft nfen tao thdnh hdnh trtnh thdng nhdt -> nhttng ngudi td chtic DPT xud't hifen tir dd xudt hifen v&i tai DPT.

Chuong V: Chuyen chd hang hoa ngoai phuong bang dudng sdt

Cdu 50: Diiu kien vd cach gvd hdng (Chuyinchar bang dudng,sat)

1 Phuong phdp gui hdng:

- Gid hdng chuyfen toa: Neu cd khdi luong ldn d i xfep trfen mdt toa.

- Gift hdng le: Ndu khdi luong hdng hda nho, khdng du xfejp trfen mdt toa.

2 Diiu kifen giri hdng:

- Hdng hda phdi giur theo Id trie la hdng hda duoc chuyfen chd theo mdt gidy gud hdng cua mdt ngudi gud vd citaig mdt ngudi nhdn, ciing mdt ga di mdt ga din, mQt ky han chuyfenchd va ciing mdt thdi gian nhdn linh.

- Khi hdng hda dd khdng thuQc difen cdm luu thdng.

- Cd thi xfep d9 bang phuong tifen md dudng sit dang cd.

- Chu hdng phdi ldm du cdc qui dinh trong gidy gvd hdng.

Cdu 51: Gidy gui hdng.

1 Khdi nifem: Gidy gid hdng Id bang chting quan trong nhdt cua vdn'tdi dudng sat, Id bing chting vi hoat ddng vdn tai gitta chu hdng vd bfen dudng sdt, d l tilt khi nhd

ga da ky vd ddng ddu vdo gidy gin hdng 6 ga giri thi hoat dQng da dugc kft -> bfen dudng sit chiu trdch nhifem ddi vdi hdng hda.

Dudng sdt chiu trach nhifem hdng hda cho dfen ga dfen vd dugc giao cho ngudi nhdn hdng -> cd chtic nang Id bifen lai nhdn hdng.

2 Ndi dung cua gidy gud hdng: gdm 2 phdn.

- Phdn do chu hdng diin:

32

+ Ten hang, ky ma hieu hang h<5a, loai bao bi, sd' luong bao kifin, trong luong, thi tfch cua hkng hda.

+ Ga di, ga din.

+ T6n ngudi giri hkng, nhan hkng.

+ Kjr t€n vk d6ng da'u.

- Phln do dudng sit diln:

+ Ghi chip vl sd toa xe.

+ Ghi chip vl cudc phi vk tap chf.

+ Ddng da'u ghi ngky thdng nhan hkng.

Thdng thudng gi£y giri hkng g6m 5 ban:

- CM hkng gift 2 ban: 1 bin gifi lai, 1 bin cho ngudi nhan.

- Dudng sit giu 3 ban: 2 ban giO lai, 1 ban giri theo hang.

Cau 52: ICi/ han chuyen chd:

- Sau khi nhan hkng de’ chuyln chd, dudng sat cd trach nhiem chuyen chd hang hda an toan, nguyen ven vk dung ky han chuyfen chd.

- Ky han chuyen chd lk thdi han dudng sit hdan thknh viec chuyen chd din ga din, duoc tiinh til khi chu hkng xep hang len toa xe, hokn thknh thi tuc chuyen chd, dudng sat ca'p cho chi hkng ban phu gia'y gii hkng, cho deh khi dudng sat bdo tin hkng de'n cho ngudi nhan.

- Ky han chuy6n chd bao g6m:

+ Thdi gian hkng di tren dudng di.

+ Thdi gian d ga nhan (1 ngky) vk thdi gian d ga giao hkng (mdt vki ngky) + Thdi gian di tren dudng di duoc tinh khdng k l tir ngky sau ngky dudng sat nh|n hkng dl trd vk qui dinh.

+ Ddi vdi hang nguyen toa chd nhanh: ctr 25km hay chua d i 250km thi tinh lk mdt ngay.

+ Ddi vdi hang nguyen toa chd cham thi: cu: du 150km hay chua d i 250km thi tinh la 1 ngky.

+ Dd~i vdi hang le chd cham thi: Cu du 150km hay chua d i 150km thi tinh lk 1 ngky.

+ Ddi vdi hkng le chd cham thi: Cd' di 100km hay chua du 100km thi tinh lk mdt ngky.

+ Ky han mk tau phai ding dl giai quyet cdng viec do dudng nghen mk khdng

do Idi cua dudng sit, Idem dich thuc vat, cho sue vat an stfng, sura chfia bao bl, xlp lai hkng hda.

- Hkng duoc coi lk chuyen chd ding ky han nlu ga din bdo tin cho ngudi nhan ding hay tntdc ngky cud"i cing cia ky1 han.

- Nvm dudng sit chuyen chd hkng hda qud ky han qui dinh thi bi phat.

Cdu 53: Cudc phi chuyen chd vn thanh todn cudc phi chuyin chd trong chuyen chd hdng hoa bdng dudng sat lien van qudc te?

Duoc tinh tdan theo nguyen tic:

BftP Jte HT0R V#R T&I

1 Khi chuydn chd gifla cdc ga dudng sit dip nhau thi tidn cudc cua nude gin va nude din dugc tfnh todn theo bing gid cudc dudng sit cua cdc nude dd hay bing gid

do hai nude thda thudn.

Thanh tdan cudc phf theo nguydn tic:

1 Tiln cudc tren dudng sit nude gid thu cua ngudi gin tai ga giri blng tiln nude gid.

2 Tiln cudc chuyfin chd trdn dudng sit nude din thu cua ngudi nhdn tai ga din bing tiln nude din.

3 Cudc qud canh cd thi thu cua ngudi gdi tai ga di hay ngudi nhdn tai ga din.

Cdu 54: Ky han chuyen ch& trong chuyin chd hdng hda dudng sat lien vdn tdi qu6c ti?

1 TTnh tiln thanh toan bd quang dudng cia hdng hda theo dinh mdc vd gdm nhflng thdi gian sau:

- Ky han gdi: Tinh chung Id mflt ngdy mOt ddm.

- Thdi gian hdng trdn dudng di theo nhflng 15 sau:

+ Hdng gid cham: gdi nguydn toa hay gdi bing container trong tdi ldn, mdi 1 ldn bit ddu 200km tmh cudc thi tmh bing 1 ngdy ddm.

+ Hdng le gid chdm: cd m5i 1 ldn 150km tfnh cudc thi tfnh Id 1 ngdy ddm.

+ Hdng 16 gud nhanh: cd m6i 1 ldn 200km tfnh cudc thi tfnh Id 1 ngdy ddm.

+ Hdng nguydn toa gdi nhanh hay gdi bing container cd bit ddu 320km tfnh cudc thi tfnh Id 1 ngdy ddm

+ Hdng gdi tdc hdnh: cd bit ddu 420km tfnh cudc thi tinh Id 1 ngdy ddm (nguydn toa).

- Thdi gian tdu phai ddng dl 1dm nhflng vide sau:

+ Thu tuc hai quan.

+ Do bdt kha khdng.

+ Do thay ddi hda don chuydn chd.

+ Do vide kilm tra hdng hda xem cd phd hop vdi vdn don khdng.

+ Cho sue vdt dn udng.

+ Do hdng hda qud tdi hay sfla chfla bao bl xd ldch.

+ Tdu ddng do ldi cda chu hdng.

- Nhflng trudng hop klo ddi k^ han vdn chuyln.

+ Duoc keo ddi 2 ngay khi phdi chuyln tdi hdng sang toa cua khd dudng khdc,

do thay ddi tru toa xe.

+ Chuydn chd toa xe qua phd -> thdm 2 ngdy.

+ Duoc klo ddi 100% ddi vdi nhflng hdng hda qud gidi han.

+ Dudng sit coi nhu hdan thdnh ky han chuydn chd din ga din nlii nhu hdng din trudc ky han chuydn chd vd cd thi giao cho chd nhdn.

+ Ky han chuydn chd bit ddu tmh k l td Oh cua ngdy dn djnh xlp ldn toa.

+ Trong trudng hop phdi luu kho, bao quan tai ga trudc khi xlp hdng tfnh td Oh cua ngdy sau ngdy dn djnh xlp hdng ldn toa.

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s a p a n a iQ R vtw Tftn

Cdu 55: Trdch nhUm cua dudng sat? Mire bdi thudng cua dtt&ng sat (trong chuyin chd hdng hda bang du&ng sat liSn vdn qudc te?

1 Cdng ddng trdch nhifem dia du&ng sat:

+ Cdc du&ng sat tham gia chuyfen chd hang Mo theo van don cua SMGS phdi chiu trdch nhifem va thuc hifen hop d6ng chuyfen chd trfen tdan bd quang du&ng di cho dfen khi giao hdng hdo tai ga dfen.

+ Trong tru&ng hop hang hoa dugc vdn chuyfe’n tifep dfen cdc nude khdng tham SMGS thi phai chiu trdch nhifem da xong thu tuc chuyfen chd theo vdn dotn du&ng sat cua nude hay cua hifep dinh vdn tai khde dd.

2 Pham vi trdch nhifem cua dir&ng sat:

+ Chuyfen chd hang hda den qud ky han.

+ Md't toan bd hay mdt mot phdn hang hoa.

+ Hu hong, md't mdt.

+ Ldm mat cdc chung tir kem theo vdn don.

+ Du&ng sat chiu trdch nhifem khdng vugt qud gid tri cua hdng hda khi hdng h6a bi md't toan bd va khoang th&i gian phai chiu trdch nhifem Id tir khi nhdn hdng cua chii giri tai ga di cho dfen khi duf&ng sat giao xong hdng cho ngu&i nhdn tai ga dfen.

* Mifen trach:

Du&ng sdt duoc mifen trdch khi hang hda hu hong do:

1 Nhung nguyfen nhdn ma du&ng sdt khdng ngan ngura dugc.

2 Do tinh chd't tu nhifen dac bifet cua hang hda.

3 Do ldi cua chu hang.

4 Do vifec sit dung toa xe khdng mui ma quy chuong cua du&ng sdt nude giri khdng cho phfep nhu vdy.

5 Do ngu&i dp tai cua hang gay ra.

6 Do khdng thirc hifen nhttng hudng ddn, quy dinh cho vifec ap tai.

7 Do bao bi khdng day du.

8 Do kfe khai sai trfen hang hay chuyfen chd nhttng vdt pham khdng dugc cho phep.

9 Nhung hao hut nho hon ty lfe cho phfep.

10 Do chu hang xfep hang vao xe va container khdng thfch hgp cho vifec vdn chuyen hang hda cd lien quan.

11 Do thifeu nhung trong lugng, sd' lugng d trong bao kifen ma vdn con nguyfen ven va vdn con nifem phong, kep chi.

* Trong tru&ng hop khdng hoan thanh ky han thi dugc mifen trdch nhifem trong nhttng tru&ng hgp sau:

1 Tdc du&ng do tuyfe't Id, cat Id, hay lu lut trong th&i gian nhilu nhdt 215 ngay theo lfenh cua co quan du&ng sat nude sd tai.

2 Nhung tinh hudng khac md theo lfenh cua chfnh phu nude sd tai ngifng vdn chuyen.

* Mire bdi thudng cua dudng sdt:

Khi hang hoa bi mdt toan bd hay mot phdn thi dirdng sdt se bdi thudng hoa dan ban hdng cua ngudi xudt khan cho ngu&i nMp khdu Nfe'u khdng cd hoa don thi td chitc giam dinh qudc gia xac dinh gid tri

1 N6u gid tri hkng h6a ke khai thi chi b6i thudng theo gid tri da ke khai

2 Nfiu gid tri hkng h6a khdng ke khai thi chi.phii bdi thudng nhiiu nha't lk 1750SF/kg (SF France Thuy S ) Ngoki ra cdn bdi thudng phf hdi quan vk cudc

* Khi hkng hda bi hu hdng hay gidirrchdtTu^ng.dudng s it se bdi- thudng sd tiin tuong ung vdi phdn gid tri bi gidmdo hu hdng dd

* Khi hkng dfih ky han chuyen chd thi phdi bdi thudng:

6% tiin cudc nfiu thdi gian chdm <= 1/10 tdng ky han chuyfin chd

12% tiln cudc n£u thdi gian chdm 1/10 -> <= 2/10

16% tiin cudc nfiu thdi gian chdm 2/10 -> <=3/10

24% tiin cudc nfiu thdi gian chdm 3/10-> <=4/10

30% tiin cudc nfiu thdi gian chdm >4/10

Cdu 56: Yiu cdu bdi thudng vd kiin c&o dan vdn chuyin dudng sit li&n vdn qudc ti?

Yftu cdu bdi thudng:

* Theo nguyCn tic:

1 Do ngudi gM hkng d i ra tai gai di hay chu nhdn d i ra tai ga dfin

2 Gidy yiu cdu bdi thudng blng vdn bdn, ndi r5 If do vk sd tiin ddi bdi thudng

3 Gidy yfiu cdu ddi bdi thudng phdi duoc tmh dfin cdc co quan cd t h i n quyin (bd GTVT cua nude dd)

Bd hd sO yfiu cdu bdi thudng:

Ngoki gidy td co bdn nhu don yfiu cdu bdi thudng, biCn bdn thuong vu cdn phdi

cd cdc gidy td sau:

1 Ddi vdi tmdng hgp mdt todn bd: Phdi cd bdn sao hay bdn chfnh gidy gM hkng

vk gidy bdo tin hkng dfin (5 td)

2 Hkng dfin qud ky han: phai cd bdn sao hay bdn chfnh gidy gdi hkng vk gidy bdo tin hkng dfin

3 Ddi tiin cudc tam thu: bdn sao hay bdn chfnh gidy gdi hkng, gidy bdo tin hkng dfin vk nhflng gidy td khdc theo quy chuong dudng sit cua nude dfin hay nude gdi

4 Hkng hda bi mdt mdt phdn: bdn sao hay bdn chfnh gdi hkng, gidy bdo tin hkng dfin

* Thdi h§n trd ldi khifiu nai cua dudng sit lk 180 ngky k i tii ngdy dua don yfiu cdu bdi thudng theo xdc nhdn cua buu dien hay noi gdi hd so

Kifin cho:

1 Chu hkng chi cd quyin kifin cdo dudng s it khi da dua y6u cdu ddi bdi thudng nhung gidi quyfit khdng thda ddng Ngudi nko dua don ddi bdi thudng mdi cd quyin kifin Don phdi dua dfin mOt tda dn tdt cd thim quyin cua nude cd dudng sit bi kiin

2 Thdi han yiu cdu ddi bdi thudng vk kifin cdc chu hkng ddi vdi dudng s it lk 9 thdng dd'i vdi yfiu cdu bdi thudng thiet hai, hu hdng, tiin phat, tiin cudc tam thu vk lk thdng ddi vdi trudng hop chuyin chd qud ky han

3 Mdc tfnh thdi han:

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