Terms and definitions
Abbreviations
A2A Application-to-Application AES Advanced Encryption Standard B2B Business-to-Business
BDS Business Document Specification (instance) BDSS Business Document Specification Schema BIE Business Information Entity
BOV Business Operational View BPMS Business Process Management System BPSS Business Process Specification Schema (or instance) BSI Business Service Interface
The CC Core Component, based on the Business Information Entity (BIE), is essential for effective data management The Common Information Model (CIM) facilitates interoperability, while the Collaboration Protocol Agreement (CPA) and Collaboration Protocol Profile (CPP) define the terms for collaboration The Distribution System Operator (DSO) plays a crucial role in power systems, and the Data Universal Numbering System (DUNS) is vital for business identification in North America In Europe, the European Article Number (EAN) standardizes product identification The ebXML Messaging Service (ebMS) and electronic business XML (ebXML) enhance electronic data interchange (EDI), while Enterprise Application Integration (EAI) streamlines business processes Energy Management Systems (EMS) and Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) are critical for operational efficiency, and the Functional Service View (FOV) provides a structured approach to service delivery Lastly, the File Transfer Protocol (FTP) is a standard network protocol used for transferring files.
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SAML Security Assertion Mark-up Language SCADA Supervision, Control, and Data Acquisition SMTP Simple Mail Transfer Protocol
SO System Operator (of power system) SOAP Simple Object Access Protocol TLS Transport Layer Security TSO Transmission System Operator (of power system) UML Unified Modelling Language
UMM UN/CEFACT Modelling Methodology VPN Virtual Private Network
WS Web Services WSDL Web Services Definition Language XML eXtensible Markup Language XKMS XML Key Management Specification
General
The following text is mainly based on the public description of the ebXML initiative (http://www.ebxml.org/) and is intended to provide a basic understanding of the technology
For details, refer to the ebXML implementation framework specification and the ebXML architecture document of the initiative.
Architecture
The vision of ebXML is to establish a unified global electronic marketplace that allows enterprises of all sizes and locations to engage in business through XML-based message exchanges It comprises a comprehensive set of specifications that facilitate secure, global electronic commerce using established open standards like TCP/IP, HTTP, SOAP, and XML Drawing on 25 years of EDI experience, ebXML is designed to integrate with existing EDI solutions while also supporting the development of new internet-based electronic business applications utilizing XML.
Since systems integration and software interoperability are the cornerstones of any successful
IT infrastructure, ebXML is built on an infrastructure that ensures electronic interoperability
An open semantics framework facilitates enterprises in discovering one another, forming trading partnerships, and conducting business transactions The advancement of ebXML will drive the development of various new business models by introducing business process patterns and promoting the commoditization of these processes.
ebXML offers a comprehensive and well-integrated electronic business infrastructure that is both platform and vendor neutral This industry solution is built on open standards and developed through a collaborative process As a collection of specifications, ebXML facilitates a modular yet complete framework for conducting electronic business over the Internet The architecture of ebXML provides essential components for effective online transactions.
A way to define business processes and their associated messages and content
A way to register and discover business process sequences with related message exchanges
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A way to define company profiles
A way to define trading partner agreements
The ebXML framework facilitates electronic interoperability, enabling businesses to discover potential trading partners, establish agreements, and conduct transactions automatically This automation significantly reduces, and often eliminates, the need for human involvement, thereby streamlining electronic business processes through a cost-effective and open standard mechanism.
In order for enterprises to conduct electronic business with each other, they should:
Discover each other and the products and services they have to offer
Determine which shared business processes, and associated document exchanges, to use for obtaining products or services from each other
Determine the contact points and form of communication for the exchange of information
Agree on the contractual terms on the above chosen processes and associated information
ebXML facilitates automated information and service exchanges based on established agreements It is founded on three core principles: ensuring data communication interoperability, establishing a semantics framework for commercial interoperability, and providing a mechanism for enterprises to connect, agree on partnerships, and conduct business The infrastructure for achieving data communication interoperability is a key component of this system.
A standard message transport mechanism with a well defined interface, packaging rules, and a predictable delivery and security model
A 'business service interface' that handles incoming and outgoing messages at either end of the transport
A semantic framework to ensure commercial interoperability is provided through a meta model for defining business process and information models
A set of re-useable business logic based on core components that reflect common business processes and XML vocabularies
A process for defining actual message structures and definitions as they relate to the activities in the Business Process model
A mechanism to allow enterprises to find each other, agree to establish business
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Business Process models outline the description of business processes, which serve as the "verbs" of electronic business and can be illustrated using various modeling tools By specifying business process definitions, organizations can clearly communicate their processes to others, facilitating integration both within a company and between different companies.
Figure 1 illustrates the BPSS (Business Process Specification Schema) process specification, highlighting key elements such as multiparty and binary collaborations These collaborations encompass reference business transactions that regulate the flow of business documents.
Figure 2 shows the graphical presentation of the business transaction from the Business Process Specification Schema (BPSS)
The business transaction consists of a requesting business activity and a responding business activity each associated with a document envelope (which includes the business documents and attachments)
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Figure 3 illustrates the binary collaboration as outlined in the Business Process Specification Schema (BPSS) The specific business process specifications are based on the UML activity diagram, as referenced in IEC 62325-502 The Business Process Specification Instance, which utilizes the BPSS, represents one of the most innovative aspects of ebXML, alongside the CPP/CPA.
BPSS, CPP/CPP are shared between business partners and are used for both documentation and system configuration
Binary collaboration involves two business partners, where one takes the initiating role and the other the responding role This collaboration encompasses both business transaction activities and nested collaboration activities, which are linked to respective business transactions Each collaboration has a defined start state (Start) and an end state, which can either be Success or Failure Throughout the process, there may be pseudo-states such as fork (Fork) and join (Join) to facilitate parallel transactions The transition state indicates that one activity must be followed by another.
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Figure 4 illustrates the multiparty collaboration as outlined in the Business Process Specification Schema (BPSS), which involves more than two partners engaging in multiple binary collaborations This collaboration is characterized by the roles of business partners, each of whom performs one or more roles across different binary collaborations.
Transitions (Transition) can be added to define the transition from one business transaction activity to the other
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Information models establish reusable components that can be consistently applied within a business context These Core Components serve as the fundamental "nouns and adjectives" of electronic business, defined by identity items that are universally recognized across various industries This approach allows users to create data that is relevant to their specific business needs while ensuring interoperability with other business applications.
Figure 5 illustrates the business document as defined by the Business Process Specification Schema (BPSS) These documents are generated from UML class diagrams of messages within the UMM design workflow and include reusable core components known as information entities While business documents can utilize various syntaxes, including EDIFACT or X12, XML is the preferred format in the context of ebXML.
The Collaborative Partner Profiles (CPP) and Collaborative Partner Agreements (CPA), derived from the intersection of two CPPs, are essential for facilitating communication between applications and business processes They also document specific technical parameters necessary for conducting electronic business, as outlined in IEC 62325-502.
General
Before engaging in electronic business document interchange using ebXML, it is essential to produce a Business Process Specification Schema (BPSS) as a UML class diagram, along with its XML version and a BPSS instance in XML format For each complete process, a Collaboration Protocol Profile (CPP) is created as an XML document Ultimately, when two market participants agree to collaborate in e-business, they establish a Collaboration Protocol Agreement (CPA), which outlines their cooperative framework and details the secure and reliable messaging features to be utilized through the ebXML messaging service.
Business Process Specification
The ebXML Business Process Specification is a XML document (BPSS instance) that conforms to the BPSS Schema and that is used to configure the Business Service Interface (BSI)
The ebXML Business Process Specification Schema, being a semantic subset of the UMM meta model, allows users to extract necessary elements and relationships from the UMM model either automatically or manually This extraction can lead to the creation of a Business Process Specification in UML, which can then be transformed into XML format, or the specification can be directly generated in XML from the UMM model Ultimately, the goal is to produce an ebXML Business Process Specification in XML that adheres to the BPSS and serves as a valid BPSS instance.
When deriving the XML Business Process Specification (BPSS) from a UML class diagram, all non-abstract classes are transformed into elements of the BPSS This transformation adheres to specific production rules, which are essential for the one-time generation of the BPSS instance from the UML class diagram.
The production rules transitioning from UML to XML encompass concrete classes, abstract classes, aggregate associations, specialization associations, and unidirectional associations, as detailed in the ebXML Business Process Specification Schema.
Annex A shows the DTD and the XML files used for the ebXML scheduling example
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Table 2 – Mapping between UML classes and XML elements
Attachment Attachment InitiatingRole AuthorizedRole RespondingRole AuthorizedRole Binary Collaboration Binary Collaboration
The BusinessPartner role is essential in facilitating business transactions and activities It encompasses both responding and requesting business activities, ensuring effective collaboration The DocumentEnvelope serves as a crucial component in this process, while proper documentation is necessary to support the ebXML process specification.
The article discusses key concepts in process specification, highlighting the importance of failure management and multi-party collaboration It emphasizes the role of packages in performing tasks and managing schemas The process flow includes critical elements such as starting, forking, transitioning, and joining, ultimately leading to successful outcomes.
Collaboration Protocol Profile and Agreement (CPA/CPP)
In the scheduling example, each actor's role is represented by two Capacity Payment Proposals (CPPs): one for the Balance-Responsible Party (BRP) and another for the Transmission System Operator (TSO).
The registry publishes the CPP, which is maintained by another party The TSO's CPP outlines its business capabilities, role, services offered, and technical access details The BRP reviews the registry and retrieves the TSO's CPP to consider forming an e-business partnership with the TSO.
The BRP unilaterally establishes a CPA by combining its own with that of the TSO and proposes it to the TSO Upon acceptance of the CPA by the TSO, an e-business relationship is formed, allowing both parties to initiate B2B transactions as set up in the Message Service Handler (MSH).
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Mapping to the UN/CEFACT Modelling Mythology UMM
UMM has significantly shaped the ebXML Business Process Specification Schema (BPSS), making the mapping from UMM to BPSS seamless For modeling, UMM utilizes four primary workflows: Business Modelling, Requirements, Analysis, and Design Each of these workflows progresses through four phases: Interception, Elaboration, Construction, and Transition Additionally, there is a third dimension of Iteration, which is not explicitly defined by UMM.
An alternative to UMM is the use of ebXML worksheets, which utilize templates to organize modeling results in a predefined table format This option is particularly appealing when specialized e-business editors with graphical user interfaces (GUIs) are accessible Additionally, UML tools can be employed alongside stereotyped business patterns for enhanced functionality.
Use of registries
The ebXML Registry/Repository (RR) is essential for market participants to facilitate ebXML data exchange, enabling the description and discovery of participants while storing and retrieving e-business artifacts It is advisable for the RR to be managed by a single organization within a market or region, ensuring consensus among participants, and this operator can remain independent from those exchanging ebXML documents Additionally, the RR's content and structure should align with a harmonized energy market across all segments, promoting cooperation among all market participants.
Besides ebXML artefacts and UMM market models, the Market Identification Schema (the ID’s) and other useful items could also be published in the RR
The configuration of ebXML systems may be simplified if the RR stores besides CPP’s “pre- negotiated” default CPA templates for supported core business processes
For the RR, the same specified BPSS reliability and security profiles apply as for B2B.
Use of intermediates
EbXML utilizes SOAP with attachments to route messages through SOAP intermediates, which receive and forward messages along a multi-hop path to their final destination This functionality enables intermediates to perform essential processing tasks, alleviating some responsibilities from the original sender or receiver For instance, SOAP intermediates can verify, encrypt, decrypt, and sign or authenticate messages.
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In the ebXML specification framework, business partners establish machine-readable Trading Partner Agreements, known as Collaboration Profile Agreements (CPA), to facilitate e-business using XML syntax Typically, the CPA is derived from the intersection of the Collaboration Protocol Profiles (CPP) of the partners, who may have identified each other through a registry feature In energy markets, which operate within specific geographical or geopolitical regions with established partners and market rules, there is potential for simplification Here, pre-negotiated CPAs for each business process can be stored in a registry or repository, allowing for easy access and download for use.
To streamline e-business within various markets, it is essential to utilize a specific profile or a limited set of profiles from the ebXML architecture As the ebXML specification framework lacks market-specific profiles, the energy market profile is established in IEC 62325.
For ebXML systems utilizing digital signatures with certificates, it is advisable to employ a distinct certificate for testing purposes to clearly differentiate between production and test environments Additionally, the ebMS ping service can be utilized for straightforward testing.
General
The migration from EDIFACT (X12) to ebXML is illustrated in Figure 15, highlighting various data networks available for this transition Users can opt for Value-Added Networks (VANs) for secure messaging, Extranets for controlled communication among trusted market participants, or the public Internet However, since ebXML messaging services ensure reliable and secure communication, the Internet can typically be utilized without additional layers like VANs or Extranets, although leased lines or Extranets may still be preferred for specific market segments, such as trading.
EDIFACT (X12) is not limited to Value-Added Networks (VANs) and can utilize the public Internet for secure messaging, as illustrated in Figure 15, (1) Similarly, XML messages can be transmitted over the Internet without ebXML, as shown in Figure 15, (2) For environments not transitioning to ebXML, the IETF Internet Draft (draft-ietf-ediint-as2-xx, “AS2”) can be employed, although it remains a work in progress and is not yet an RFC AS2 outlines the secure exchange of structured business data via HTTP transport for various formats, including EDIFACT, X12, and XML Data is encapsulated using standard MIME content types, while security and privacy are ensured through S/MIME or OpenPGP Authenticated acknowledgments utilize multipart/signed replies to HTTP POST requests.
The various possible scenarios are described in Figure 15
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EDIFACT messages Value -added Networks
Wide -area Extranet un-secure Internet messagesXML ebXML architecture e.g FTP (file transfer) payload
2 payload ebXML reliable and secure messaging service based on SOAP reliable and secure EDIFACT - or XML - messages over HTTP with S/MIME + uses reliable and secure messaging
Figure 15 – Migration from EDIFACT to ebXML and use of data networks
The scenario (5) with conversion of EDIFACT messages to XML is not recommended Instead (see Figure 16) EDIFACT messages should be used unchanged as payload of the ebXML messaging service (3).
Recommended scenarios
In an ebXML environment, it is advisable to utilize only the recommended scenarios depicted in Figure 16, rather than attempting to implement all possible scenarios Payloads can consist of either existing EDIFACT messages or new XML messages based on core components, allowing for both options to be used simultaneously.
EDIFACT messages Value- added Networks
Wide-area Extranet un- secure Internet
XML messages ebXML payload payload
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In this context, an existing EDIFACT (X12) infrastructure allows for the integration of ebXML communication, enabling market participants to utilize a reliable and secure ebXML messaging service for EDIFACT (X12) documents The ebXML messaging services leverage SOAP with extensions and attachments, employing multiple MIME parts within a MIME envelope to encapsulate the SOAP envelope, which includes both the header and body, along with the payload containers The EDIFACT (X12) messages are transmitted as payload within these containers, as illustrated in Figure 15.
IETF RFC 1767, MIME Encapsulation of EDI Objects, provides a description of the applicable content types for EDI The encoding scheme Base64 ensures the encoding of non-printable EDI delimiters
Conversion based on the XEDI or XML/EDI or other approaches to XML is not recommended
New XML messages must be developed from the outset using a UMM market model and standardized core components A clear design methodology and established rules are essential for achieving a harmonized approach across all market segments Currently, foundational work on XML messages is underway at UN/CEFACT.
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This example illustrates scheduling using ebXML, focusing on the technology-independent modeling for the ETSO Scheduling System (ESS) found at www.edi.etso-net.org/ It includes instances of BPSS, CPP, CPA, and BD, although it is important to note that this example is not integrated into the ESS system.
The example follows the UML model of scheduling given in IEC 62325-102
In the following example, a BPSS XML file is created for the Schedule Planning Transmission Process This BPSS can be stored in the Registry/Repository
The Balance Responsible Party submits their electricity generation schedule to the Transmission System Operator, which is responsible for validating this data Once validated, the Transmission System Operator forwards the confirmed information to both the Balance Responsible Party and the Settlement Responsible Party.
The three phases of the schedule planning transmission process are implemented Some points have been modified or are not done in an automated way:
1) Phase one: the question "Schedule Message correct" is answered in an automated way, so that all the errors are taken into account,
2) Phase two: the question "time series in balance" is answered by the user by "yes" or "no"
If the answer is "no" then the model ends and the user has to begin again If the answer is "yes", then phase 3 starts,
In phase three, an arbitrary reference schedule file is created, and the transmitted schedule is compared against this reference An automated confirmation report is generated, indicating any differences, and the accepted schedule is forwarded to the Imbalance Settlement Responsible.
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Figure A.1 – Schedule planning transmission process
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The ETSO Scheduling System (ESS version 1.0) facilitates the scheduling process by focusing on phases 7 through 11 and phase 24 This system manages the document flow between the Balance Responsible and the Transmission System Operator during phases 7 to 11, and it ensures the transmission of the accepted schedule to the Imbalance Settlement Responsible in phase 24.
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Figure A.3 shows a typical ebXML scenario for schedule planning process
Imbalance Settlement responsible Party ebXML Implementation ebXML Implementation ebXML Implementation
Balance responsible Party ebXML Registry
6 : Ready to start ebXML transactions
4 : Query about Balance responsible Party P rofile and D etails
Figure A.3 – ebXML registry scenario for scheduling
In this scenario, the Transmission System Operator (TSO) and the Imbalance Settlement Responsible (ISR) already have a local ebXML implementation and are able to conduct ebXML transactions
The Balance Responsible Party (BRP) aims to send a schedule to its Transmission System Operator (TSO) and, recognizing that the TSO operates with ebXML, decides to develop its own ebXML system To facilitate this, the BRP consults an ebXML registry to review specifications and explore example use cases.
Therefore, he knows about TSO’s ebXML profile, TSO’s BPSS and TSO’s CPP
2) The BRP then implements an ebXML compliant application
3) The BRP submits, to an ebXML registry, his business profile information, which describes his new ebXML related functionality
4) The TSO queries BRP ebXML profile and details (BPSS, CPP)
The TSO requests the BRP to participate in a business scenario using ebXML, submitting a proposed arrangement that details the business process, documents, messaging, and security requirements After negotiating this proposal, a collaboration agreement is established between the TSO and BRP, which becomes part of the trading partner agreement This process culminates in the creation of the CPA by reviewing the BPSS and CPP stored in the registry.
6) TSO and BRP are now ready to engage in exchange of schedules using an ebXML conformant messaging The CPA will enable the automation of ebXML data exchange
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Figure A.4 illustrates a basic client used for sending and receiving ebXML documents In this scenario, the client is utilized by the Balance Responsible Party to transmit a generation schedule for the upcoming day.
Figure A.4 – ebXML client where the messages are sent and received
Figure A.4 illustrates the sent and received messages along with the corresponding conversation name Below each message, the status of the ebXML acknowledgement is indicated by a cross next to the envelope icon Additionally, the acknowledgement is displayed beneath the original message, with related messages organized in a tree structure.
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