Iec 62282 3 200 2015

Tec nologies de pies à combust ible –

Part ie 3- 200: Sy t ème à pi e à combust ible st at ionnaires – Mét hodes d'e sai

Co yr ig t © 2 15 IEC, Geneva, Switz r lan

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c sc@iec c

Part ie 3- 20 : Sy t èmes à pies à combus ble st at ionnaire – Mét hode d'es ai

INT ERNAT IONALE

®

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Aten o ! V eui e v us a surer q e v us ave o t en cete p blcatio via u distrib teur agré

1 Sc p 8

2 Normativ ref ere c s 9

3 Terms, d f i itio s, o eratin pro e s a d s mb ls 1

3.1 Terms a d d f i itio s 1

3.2 Op ratin pro e s 16 3.3 Symb ls 17 4 Ref ere c c n itio s 2

4.1 Ge eral 2

4.2 Temp rature a d pre s re 21

4.3 He tin v lu b s 21

5 Item of p rforma c te t 21

6 Te t pre aratio 2

6.1 Ge eral 2

6.2 Un ertainty a aly is 2

6.2.1 Un ertainty a aly is items 2

6.2.2 Data a q isitio pla 2

7 Me s reme t in trume ts a d me s reme t meth d 2

7.1 Ge eral 2

7.2 Me s reme t in trume ts 2

7.3 Me s reme t meth d 2

7.3.1 Ele tric p wer me s reme ts 2

7.3.2 Fu l in ut me s reme t 2

7.3.3 Re o ere h at me s reme t 2

7.3.4 Purg g s flow me s reme t 2

7.3.5 Oxid nt (air) in ut me s reme t 2

7.3.6 Oth r fluid f l w me s reme t 2

7.3.7 Ex a st g s f l w me s reme t 2

7.3.8 Dis h rg water me s reme t 3

7.3.9 Nois le el me s reme t 31

7.3.10 Vibratio le el me s reme t 31

7.3.1 Total h rmo ic distortio me s reme t 31

7.3.12 Ambie t c n itio me s reme t 31

8 Te t pla 3

8.1 Ge eral 3

8.2 Ambie t c n itio s 3

8.3 Ma imum p rmis ible v riatio in ste d -state o eratin c n itio s 3

8.4 Te t o eratin pro e ure 3

8.5 Duratio of te t a d fre u n y of re din s 3

9 Te t meth d a d c mp tatio of te t re ults 3

9.1 Ge eral 3

9.2 Ef ficie c te t 3

9.2.1 Ge eral 3

9.2.2 Te t meth d 3

9.3.1 Ge eral 4

9.3.2 Criteria f or th d termin tio of atainin th ste d -state s t v lu 4

9.3.3 Ele tric p wer o tp t re p n e time te t 4

9.3.4 9 % re p n e time of rate n t ele tric p wer o tp t (o tio al) 4

9.3.5 Th rmal p wer o tp t re p n e time te t 5

9.4 Start u a d s utd wn c ara teristic te t 51

9.4.1 Ge eral 51

9.4.2 Te t meth d for start u c ara teristic te t 51

9.4.3 Te t meth d for s utd wn c ara teristic te t 51

9.4.4 Calc latio of th start u time 5

9.4.5 Calc latio of th s utd wn time 5

9.4.6 Calc latio of th dif fere t f orms of start u e erg 5

9.4.7 Calc latio of th start u e erg 5

9.5 Purg g s c n umptio te t 5

9.5.1 Ge eral 5

9.5.2 Te t meth d 5

9.6 Water c n umptio te t (o tio al) 5

9.6.1 Ge eral 5

9.6.2 Te t meth d 5

9.7 Ex a st g s emis io te t 5

9.7.1 Ge eral 5

9.7.2 Te t meth d 5

9.7.3 Data pro e sin of emis io c n e tratio 5

9.7.4 Calc latio of me n ma s dis h rg rate 5

9.7.5 Calc latio of ma s c n e tratio 5

9.8 Nois le el te t 5

9.8.1 Ge eral 5

9.8.2 Te t meth d 5

9.8.3 Data pro e sin 5

9.9 Vibratio le el te t 5

9.1 0 Dis h rg water q alty te t 5

9.10.1 Ge eral 5

9.10.2 Te t meth d 5

10 Te t re orts 5

10.1 Ge eral 5

10.2 Title p g 5

10.3 Ta le of c nte ts 5

10.4 Summary re ort 5

10.5 Detai e re ort 5

10.6 Ful re ort 6

An e A (n rmativ ) Un ertainty a aly is 61

A.1 Ge eral 61

A.2 Pre aratio s 61

An e D (inf ormativ ) Ma imum a c pta le in ta ta e u ele tric p wer o tp t

tra sie t 71

Bibl o ra h 7

Fig re 1 – Fu l c l p wer s stem dia ram 9

Fig re 2 – Op ratin pro e s c art of f uel c l p wer s stem 17 Fig re 3 – Symb l dia ram 2

Fig re 4 – Ele tric a d th rmal p wer re p n e time 4

Fig re 5 – Ex mple of ele tric a d th rmal p wer re p n e time to atain ste d -state s t v lu 4

Fig re 6 – Ex mple of ele tric p wer c art at start u 51

Fig re 7 – Ele tric p wer c art at s utd wn 5

Ta le 1 – Symb ls 18 Ta le 2 – Te t cla sific tio a d te t item 21

Ta le 3 – Te t item a d s stem statu 3

Ta le 4 – Ma imum p rmis ible v riatio s in te t o eratin c n itio s 3

Ta le 5 – Vibratio c r e tio fa tors 5

Ta le B.1 – He tin v lu f or c mp n nt of g s o s f uel 6

Ta le C.1 – Ref ere c g s for n tural g s 6

Ta le C.2 – Ref ere c g s for pro a e g s 6

FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES –

Part 3-200: Stationary fuel cel power s stems –

Performance test methods

FOREWORD

1) Th Intern tio al Ele trote h ic l Commis io (IEC) is a worldwid org nizatio for sta d rdizatio c mprisin

al n tio al ele trote h ic l c mmite s (IEC Natio al Commite s) Th o je t of IEC is to promote

intern tio al c -o eratio o al q estio s c n ernin sta d rdizatio in th ele tric l a d ele tro ic fields To

this e d a d in a ditio to oth r a tivities, IEC p blsh s Intern tio al Sta d rds, Te h ic l Sp cific tio s,

Te h ic l Re orts, Pu lcly Av ia le Sp cif i atio s (PAS) a d Guid s (h re fter ref ere to as “IEC

Pu lc tio (s) Th ir pre aratio is e truste to te h ic l c mmite s; a y IEC Natio al Commite intereste

in th su je t d alt with ma p rticip te in this pre aratory work Intern tio al g v rnme tal a d n

n-g v rnme tal org nizatio s laisin with th IEC also p rticip te in this pre aratio IEC c la orates closely

with th Intern tio al Org nizatio f or Sta d rdizatio (ISO) in a c rd n e with c n itio s d termin d b

a re me t b twe n th two org nizatio s

2) Th f ormal d cisio s or a re me ts of IEC o te h ic l maters e pres , as n arly as p s ible, a intern tio al

c nse sus of o inio o th rele a t su je ts sin e e c te h ic l c mmite h s re rese tatio fom al

intereste IEC Natio al Commite s

3) IEC Pu lc tio s h v th f orm of e omme d tio s f or intern tio al use a d are a c pte b IEC Natio al

Commite s in th t se se Whie al re so a le ef forts are ma e to e sure th t th te h ic l c nte t of IEC

Pu lc tio s is a c rate, IEC c n ot b h ld resp nsible f or th wa in whic th y are use or for a y

misinterpretatio b a y e d user

4) In ord r to promote intern tio al u if ormity, IEC Natio al Commite s u d rta e to a ply IEC Pu lc tio s

tra sp re tly to th ma imum e te t p s ible in th ir n tio al a d re io al p blc tio s An div rg n e

b twe n a y IEC Pu lc tio a d th c resp n in n tio al or re io al p blc tio sh l b cle rly in ic te in

th later

5) IEC itself d es n t pro id a y atestatio of c nf ormity In e e d nt c rtif i atio b dies pro id c nformity

as es me t servic s a d, in some are s, a c s to IEC marks of c nf ormity IEC is n t resp nsible f or a y

servic s c rie o t b in e e d nt c rtif i atio b dies

6) Al users sh uld e sure th t th y h v th latest e itio of this p blc tio

7) No la i ty sh l ata h to IEC or its dire tors, emplo e s, serv nts or a e ts in lu in in ivid al e p rts a d

memb rs of its te h ic l c mmite s a d IEC Natio al Commite s f or a y p rso al injury, pro erty d ma e or

oth r d ma e of a y n ture wh tso v r, wh th r dire t or in ire t, or for c sts (in lu in le al f ees) a d

e p nses arisin o t of th p blc tio , use of, or rela c u o , this IEC Pu lc tio or a y oth r IEC

Pu lc tio s

8) Ate tio is drawn to th Normativ refere c s cite in this p blc tio Use of th refere c d p blc tio s is

in isp nsa le for th c re t a plc tio of this p blc tio

9) Ate tio is drawn to th p s ibi ty th t some of th eleme ts of this IEC Pu lc tio ma b th su je t of

p te t rig ts IEC sh l n t b h ld resp nsible f or id ntif yin a y or al su h p te t rig ts

Intern tio al Sta d rd IEC 6 2 2-3-2 0 h s b e pre are b IEC te h ic l c mmite 10 :

Fu l c l te h olo ie

This s c n e itio c n els a d re la e th f irst e itio of IEC 6 2 2-3-2 0, p bl s e in

2 1 This e itio c n titute a te h ic l re isio

This e itio in lu e th f olowin sig if i a t te h ic l c a g s with re p ct to th pre io s

e itio :

a) a sta i z tio z n of ± 10 % for th rmal o tp t of 10 % re p n e time is pro id d

in te d of th te ts f or th rmal o tp t of 9 % re p n e time, whi e th te ts f or ele tric

o tp t of 9 % re p n e time remain a a o tio ;

b) th c lc latio s f or th ramp rate in kW/s are d lete a d o ly th c lc latio s for th

re p n e time (s) remain;

meth d of smal statio ary f uel c l p wer s stems whic is h rmo iz d with this sta d rd.

This p blc tio h s b e draf te in a c rd n e with th ISO/IEC Dire tiv s, Part 2

A l st of al th p rts in th IEC 6 2 2 s rie , p bl s e u d r th g n ral title F uel ce

tec n logies, c n b fo n o th IEC we site

This sta d rd d s rib s ty e te ts a d th ir te t meth d o ly In this sta d rd, n ro tin

te ts are re uire or id ntifie , a d n p rf orma c targ ts are s t

Part 3-200: Stationary fuel cel power s stems –

Performance test methods

This p rt of IEC 6 2 2 c v rs o eratio al a d e viro me tal a p cts of th statio ary fu l

c l p wer s stems p rforma c Th te t meth d a ply a f ol ows:

– p wer o tp t u d r s e if i d o eratin a d tra sie t c n itio s;

– ele tric l a d h at re o ery ef ficie c u d r s e if i d o eratin c n itio s;

– e viro me tal c ara teristic ; f or e ample, e h u t g s emis io s, n is , etc u d r

s e ifie o eratin a d tra sie t c n itio s

This sta d rd d e n t pro id c v ra e for ele troma n tic c mp tibi ty (EMC)

This sta d rd d e n t a ply to smal statio ary fu l c l p wer s stems with ele tric p wer

o tp t of le s th n 10 kW whic are d alt with IEC 6 2 2-3-2 1

Fu l c l p wer s stems ma h v dif fere t s b y tems d p n in u o ty e of fu l c l a d

– al e erg re o ery s stems are in lu e within th s stem b u d ry;

– al kin s of ele tric e erg stora e d vic s are c n id re o tsid th s stem b u d ry;

– c lc latio of th h atin v lu of th in ut fu l (s c a n tural g s, pro a e g s a d

p re h dro e g s, etc.) is b s d o th c n itio s of th fu l at th b u d ry of th f uel

c l p wer s stem

Ke

F el c l p wer system in lu in su systems Th interf ac is d fin d as a c n e tu l or f un tio al

o e inste d of h rdware su h asa p wer p c a e

Su systems; fu l c l mo ule, f uel pro es or, etc Th se su system c nfig ratio s d p n o th

EMI ele troma n tic interf ere c

Fig re 1 – F el cel p wer system diagram

2 Normative referenc s

Th f olowin d c me ts, in wh le or in p rt, are n rmativ ly ref ere c d in this d c me t a d

are in is e s ble f or its a plc tio For d te ref ere c s, o ly th e itio cite a ple For

ame dme ts) a pl e

IEC 6 0 1 (al p rts), Direct a t in ind ic ti g analo u electric l mea urin instrume ts and

their a ces ories

IEC 6 3 9, Electric l and electro ic mea ureme t e uipme t – Expres ion of p rormance

IEC 6 6 8, Electric l mea uring transd ucers for co vertin A.C and D.C electric l q ant ities

to analo u or d ig al signals

IEC 610 0-4-7, Electromag e c compatibility (EMC) – P art 4-7 : Testing and mea ureme t

instrume tatio , for p wer su ply syst ems and e uipme t co n cted theret o

IEC 610 0-4-13, Electromag et ic compat ibility (EMC) – P art 4-13: Testing and mea ureme t

tec niqu s – Harmo ic and interh rmo ic includ in mains sig alling at a.c p wer p rt, low

IE C

Sy stem b u d ry Power in ut s:

ele t ric, e tern l

EMD1

Noise,

vibratio

IEC 610 8, Electric l mea urin instrume ts – X-Y recorders

IEC 61 4 (al p rts), Electric l mea urin instrume ts – X- recorders

IEC 616 2-1, Electroa o st ic – So nd level meters – P art 1: Sp cific t ions

IEC 616 2-2, Electroa o st ic – So nd le el met ers – P art 2: Patt ern evaluat io t ests

IEC 6 0 2-1 , Electricit meterin e uipme t (AC) – Ge eral re uireme ts, t ests and t est

co d it ions – P art 1 : Meterin e uipme t

IEC 6 0 3-2 , Electricit metering e uipme t (a.c.) – P articular re uireme ts – P art 2 : Stat ic

met ers for a t iv e erg (clas es 0,2 S and 0,5 S)

IEC 6 2 2-3-2 1, Fu l cel tec n lo ies – P art 3-2 1: Stationary fu l ce p wer systems –

P erormance test method s for smal fu l cel p wer systems

ISO/IEC Guid 9 -3, Uncertainty of mea ureme t – P art 3: Guid e to the ex pres ion of

u certainty in mea ureme t (GUM: 19 5)

ISO 3 4 , Aviat io fu ls – Estimation ofn t sp cific e erg

ISO 3 4 , Aco stic – Det ermination ofso nd p wer lev ls and so nd e erg lev ls of n ise

so rces usin so nd pres ure – En in erin methods for an es e tially fe field o er a

reflect in plan

ISO 4 7 -1, Atmospheres for co dit io ing and testin – Det ermination of relat iv humid ity –

P art 1: Aspirat ed psyc rometer method

ISO 4 7 -2, Atmospheres for co dit io ing and testin – Det ermination of relat iv humid ity –

P art 2: Whirli g psyc romet er method

ISO 516 (al p rts), Mea ureme t of fluid flow b means of pres ure d ifere t ial d evices

inserted in circular cros -sect io co d uits ru ning fu

ISO 5 4 , Mec anic l vibrati n and s ock – Mec anic l mo nting of a celerometers

ISO 5 15-2, Water q alit y – Det ermination of bioc emic l ox yge demand after n days (BODn)

– P art 2: Met hod for u d ilut ed s mples

ISO 6 6 , Wat er q ality – Determinat io of the c emic l ox yg n d emand

ISO 6 2 (al p rts), N atural ga − Det ermination ofsulfur comp u ds

ISO 6 7 (al p rts), Natural ga − Determinat io ofcomp sition and a sociated u certainty

b ga c romat ography

ISO 6 7 (al p rts), N at ural ga − Exte ded analysis – Ga c romat ographic method

ISO 7 3 , Stationary so rce emis ions – Det ermination of the ma s co ce trat io ofsulfur

dio ide – Hydro e p rox ide/barium p rc lorat e/Thorin method

ISO 7 3 , St ationary so rce emis ions – Determinat io ofthe ma s co ce trati n of sulfur

diox ide – P erormance c ara teristic ofautomated mea urin met hods

ISO 8 17, P etroleum products – Fu l (clas F) − Sp cific tio s ofmarin fu ls

ISO 10101 (al p rts), Natural ga − Det ermination of water b the Karl Fis er met hod

ISO 10 9 , St ationary so rce emis io s – Samp n for t he automated d etermination of ga

emis ion co ce trat ions for p rman n y installed mo itoring syst ems

ISO 10 2 , Water q ality – Determination of pH

ISO 10 4 , Stationary so rce emis ions – Determinati n of the ma s co ce trat ion of

nitro e ox ides – P erormance c ara teristic of aut omat ed mea urin systems

ISO 1 0 2-1, Ga t urbin s – Exh ust ga emis io – P art 1: Mea ureme t and e aluation

ISO 1 0 2-2, Ga t urbines – Exh ust ga emis io – P art 2: Automat ed emis ion mo itoring

ISO 1 5 1, Nat ural ga – Determinat io of wat er co t ent at high pres ure

ISO 1 5 4, Stationary so rce emis ions – Determinat io of the ma s co ce trat io of

nitro e o ides – Napht hylethyle ed iamine photometric method

ISO 1 6 2, Stati nary so rce emis ions – Determinatio of ma s co ce tration of sulfur

d iox ide – I on c romato raphy method

ISO 14 8 -1, Hyd ro e fu l – Prod uct sp cific t io – P art 1: All ap lic tions ex ce t proto

ex ch n e membran (P EM) fu l ce for road v hicles

ISO/TR 15 16, Ba ic co sideration for t he s fety ofhydro e systems

ISO 16 2 , Mete rolo y – So ic an mometers/thermomet ers – Ac e tance test methods for

mean wind mea ureme t s

ASTM D4 0 , Stand ard Test Method for Heat ofComb st io ofLiq id H ydroc rb n Fuels b

Bomb Calorimeter (P recisio Method)

ASTM F2 0 , Stand ard Test Method for Determinin the Molar Mas of Chitos n and

Chit s n Salts b Size Ex clusio Chromat ography wit h Mult i-an le Light Sc t terin Detect io

au i ary electric power inp t

ele tric p wer for a xi ary ma hin s a d e uipme t s p le from o tsid th s stem

disc arge water

water dis h rg d f rom th f uel c l p wer s stem in lu in wa te water a d c n e s te

3.1.6

electrical ef icien y

ratio of th a era e n t ele tric p wer o tp t pro u e b a fu l c l p wer s stem to th

a era e total p wer in ut s p l e to th f uel c l p wer s stem

Note 1 to e try: L wer h atin v lu (LHV) is as ume u les oth rwise state

Note 2 to e try: An ele tric p wer th t is su ple to a xi ary ma hin s a d e uipme t of a fu l c l p wer

system fom a e tern l so rc isd d cte f rom th ele tric p wer o tp t of th f uel c l p wer system

[SOURCE: IEC TS 6 2 2-1:2 13, 3.3 1, mo if i d – ”a era e” a d d to “n t ele tric p wer

o tp t ; “a era e total p wer in ut in te d of “ otal e th lp flow”; Note 2 to e try” a d d]

3.1.7

external thermal energ

a ditio al th rmal e erg in ut from o tsid th s stem b u d ry, s c a c cle ma e-u a d

Note 1 to e try: A f uel c l mo ule is c mprise of th folowin main c mp n nts: o e or more f uel c l sta k(s),

pipin system f or c n e in fu ls, o id nts a d e h usts, ele tric c n e tio s f or th p wer d lv re b th

sta k(s) a d me ns for mo itorin a d/or c ntrol Ad itio aly, a fu l c l mo ule ma c mprise: me ns for

c n e in a ditio al f luids (e.g c oln me ia, in rt g s), me ns for d te tin n rmal a d/or a n rmal o eratin

c n itio s, e closures or pres ure v s els a d mo ule v ntiatio systems, a d th re uire ele tro ic

c mp n ntsf or mo ule o eratio a d p wer c n itio in

[SOURCE: IEC TS 6 2 2-1:2 13, 3.4 , mo ifie – “or a v hicle” d lete ]

3.1.1

he t rec very ef f icien y

ratio of th a era e re o ere th rmal p wer o tp t of a f uel c l p wer s stem to th

a era e total p wer in ut s p l e to th f uel c l p wer s stem

[SOURCE: IEC TS 6 2 2-1:2 13, 3.3 3, mo ifie – “a era e re o ere th rmal p wer

o tp t in te d of “re o ere h at f l w”; “a era e total p wer in ut in te d of “ otal e th lp

f l w”]

3.1.12

interface p int

me s reme t p int at th b u d ry of a f uel c l p wer s stem at whic material a d/or

e erg eith r e ters or le v s

Note 1 to e try: This b u d ry is inte tio aly sele te to a c rately me sure th p rorma c of th system If

n c s ary, th b u d ry or th intera e p ints of th fu l c l p wer system (Fig re 1) to b as es e sh uld b

d termin d b a re me t of th p rties

3.1.13

minimum p wer

minimum n t ele tric p wer o tp t at whic a fu l c l p wer s stem is a le to o erate

c ntin o sly in a sta le ma n r

[SOURCE: IEC TS 6 2 2-1:2 13, 3.8 2, mo if i d – “o tp t a d d, “Note 1 to e try” d lete ]

3.1.14

n is level

s u d pre s re le el pro u e b a f uel c l p wer s stem

Note 1 to e try: Ex res e in d cib ls (dB) a d me sure at a sp cifie dista c a d in al o eratio mo es as

d scrib d in this sta d rd

3.1.15

o eratin temperature

temp rature at whic fu l c l p wer s stem o erate a d is s e ifie with a me s rin p int

b th ma uf acturer

3.1.16

o eral energ ef ficienc

ratio of total u e ble p wer o tp t (n t ele tric l p wer a d re o ere th rmal p wer) to th

a era e total p wer in ut s p l e to th fu l c l p wer s stem

Note 1 to e try: Th su ple total p wer in ut of th fu l sh uld b relate to lower h atin v lu (LHV) f or a

b ter c mp riso with oth r ty es of e erg c n ersio systems

Note 2 to e try: Ref er to 4.3 re ardin re ortin b se o LHV or H V

[SOURCE: IEC TS 6 2 2-1:2 13, 3.3 4, mo ifie – altern tiv e pre sio “or total th rmal

eff i ie c ” d lete ; “p wer o tp t in te d of “e erg flow”; “a era e total p wer in ut

3.1.18

d ratio b twe n th in ta t of initiatin a c a g of ele tric or th rmal p wer o tp t a d

wh n th ele tric or th rmal p wer o tp t atain th ste d state s t v lu within tolera c

pre-generatio state

state of a f uel c l p wer s stem b in at s ff i ie t o eratin temp rature a d in s c a

o eratio al mo e, with z ro ele tric p wer o tp t, th t th f uel c l p wer s stem is c p ble

of b in promptly switc e to a o eratio al state with s b ta tial ele tric or th rmal a tiv

ma imum c ntin o s ele tric p wer o tp t th t a f uel c l p wer s stem is d sig e to

a hie e u d r n rmal o eratin c n itio s s e if i d b th ma uf acturer

[SOURCE: IEC TS 6 2 2-1:2 13, 3.8 4, mo if i d – “Note 1 to e try” d lete ]

3.1.2

rec vered he t

th rmal e erg th t h s b e re o ere f or u ef ul p rp s s

Note 1 to e try: Th re o ere h at is me sure b d terminin th temp ratures a d flow rates of h at re o ery

fluid (water, ste m, air or oi etc.), e terin a d le vin th th rmal e erg re o ery su system at th interf ac

p int of th f uel c l p wer system

[SOURCE: IEC TS 6 2 2-1:2 13, 2.2, mo if i d – “Note 1 to e try” a d d]

3.1.24

referen e c ndition

v lu s of influ n e q a titie pre crib d f or te tin th p rf orma c of a me s rin

in trume t, whic in this d c me t are 2 8,15 K (15 °C) for temp rature a d 101,3 5 kPa for

3.1.2

d ratio b twe n th in ta t wh n th lo d is remo e at rate p wer a d th in ta t wh n

th s utd wn is c mplete a s e ifie b th ma ufa turer

Note 1 to e try: Th sh td wn o eratio is clas if i d into ty es: n rmal sh td wn a d emerg n y sh td wn

a) f or f uel c l p wer s stems th t d n t re uire e tern l e erg to maintain a stora e state,

d ratio re uire for tra sitio in f rom c ld state to p sitiv n t ele tric l p wer o tp t;

b) f or f uel c l p wer s stems th t re uire e tern l p wer to maintain a stora e state,

d ratio re uire f or tra sitio in from stora e state to p sitiv n t ele tric l p wer o tp t

[SOURCE: IEC TS 6 2 2-1:2 13, 3.1 5.5, mo ifie – “p sitiv ” a d d]

3.1.3

storage state

state of a fu l c l p wer s stem b in n n-o eratio al a d p s ibly re uirin , u d r

c n itio s s e ifie b th ma ufa turer, th in ut of th rmal a d/or ele tric e erg a d/or a

in rt atmo p ere in ord r to pre e t d terioratio of th c mp n nts a d/or to e ergiz th

vibratio level

me s reme t v lu of me h nic l o ci atio s pro u e b th f uel c l p wer s stem d rin

Fig re 2 pro id s th ty ic l o eratin state of a statio ary fu l c l p wer s stem Th

f i ure s ows a c ro olo ic l s rie of c a g s in th o eratin state f rom start u , to

g n ratio , to s utd wn, a d pro id s d f i itio s for th terms c r e p n in to th diff ere t

o eratin state

Ke

A1 Cold state (if stora e state is n t re uire )

A2 Cold state (if stora e state is re uire )

B Stora e state (e ample of stora e state re uirin th rmal a d/or ele tric e erg in ut

C1 Startu time for systems th t re uire n e tern l e erg to maintain stora e state (me sure fom c ld state)

C2 Startu time for systems th t re uire e tern l e erg to maintain stora e state (me sure f rom stora e state)

D Pre-g n ratio state

E Resp nse time to rate ele tric p wer o tp t

F Ge eratio state

G Sh td wn time

a1 Time wh n startu a tio isinitiate (f rom c ld state)

a Time wh n startu a tio isinitiate (f rom stora e state)

b Time wh n o tp t a tio isinitiate

c Time wh n sh td wn a tio is initiate

d Time wh n sh td wn a tio is c mplete (sh td wn c mpletio c n itio s as sp cifie b th ma uf acturer)

a1 or a to d Op ratio al mo e (fom th initiatio of startu to th c mpletio of sh td wn)

kJ/mol

H

mf0Molar e th lp of fu l at refere c temp rature T

Av ra e sp cific e th lp of h at tra sfer fluid (ste m, air, etc.) e terin th fu l

c l p wer system o er th test d ratio

kJ/k

h

mo t

Av ra e sp cif i e th lp of h at tra sfer fluid (ste m, air, etc.) e itin th fu l c l

p wer systemo er th test d ratio

system fom th so rc of e tern l th rmal e erg o er th test d ratio

Av ra e a xi ary ele tric p wer in ut to a xi ary ma hin s a d e uipme t f rom

e tern l p wer so rc (s)(in lu in dire t c re t

Time for th f uel c l p wer system to atain rate n t ele tric or th rmal p wer

o tp t within ± 2 %of ate p wer

t

atain-min

Time f or th fu l c l p wer system to atain minimum n t ele tric or th rmal p wer

o tp t within ± 2 %of ate p wer

t

iniTime wh n a n t ele tric or th rmal p wer o tp t c a g is initiate b th user

–2

m3

/mol) (at ref ere c

temp rature; 101,3 5 kPa: t

0

= 2 8,15 K)

m3

NOT Th main symb lsin th f uel c l p wer system c resp n to th se in Fig re 3

Fig re 3 – Symb l diagram

4 Ref erence conditions

fin+ P

ain+ P

wsin+ P

thin)

4.2 Temperature an pre sure

Th ref ere c c n itio s are s e if i d a f olows:

5 Item of perf ormance te t

f olowin p ints of view:

a) o eratio a p cts: to te t th p rf orma c of th s stem d rin n rmal o eratio or

d rin a o eratio al tra sie t;

b) e viro me tal a p cts: to te t h w th s stem af fe ts th e viro me t

Ta le 2 in ic te th te t items for th o eratin p rf orma c te ts a d th e viro me tal

p rforma c te ts Th te t items in Ta le 2 s al b a ple to th fu l c l p wer s stem

c n id re a a wh le

Unle s oth rwis s e ifie , al te ts are re uire for al fu l c l ty e Diff ere c s in s stem

d sig a d diff ere c s in te h olo y ma re ult in s me p rtio s of th te ts b in omite

( or e ample, s stems with ut h at re o ery wi n t re uire me s reme t of h at re o ere )

Table 2 – Te t cla sification and te t item

Te t

Ele tric p wer/h rmal p wer resp nse c ara teristics

test

Noise le el test

Startu /sh td wn c ara teristicstest Vibratio le el test

Water c nsumptio test

6 Te t preparation

6.1 General

Cla s 6 d s rib s ty ic l items th t s al b c n id re prior to th impleme tatio of a te t

For e c te t, a ef fort s al b ma e to minimiz u c rtainty b s le tin hig -pre isio

in trume ts a d pla nin th te ts c ref ul y with ate tio to d tai Detai e te t pla s s al

b pre are b th p rtie to th te t u in this sta d rd a th b sis A write te t pla

s al b pre are Rele a t te t items are lste in Ta le 3

i) wh re a pl c ble, refer to ISO/TR 15 16 or e uiv le t sta d rd re ardin th b sic s fety

c n id ratio s f or th u e of h dro e a fu l (a in ic te in th d c me tatio pro id d

b th e d-pro u t ma uf acturer)

6.2 Un ertainty analysis

6.2.1 Uncertainty analysis items

An u c rtainty a aly is s al b p rf orme o th fo r te t items b low to in ic te th

rel a i ty of th te t re ults a d to c mply with c stomer re u sts Th folowin te t re ults

s al b a aly e to d termin th a s lute a d relativ u c rtainty A te t s al b pla n d

targ t u c rtainty, pro er d ratio a d fre u n y of re din s s al b d fin d a d s ita le

Cla s A.2)

7 Me surement instruments and me surement methods

7.1 General

Th ty e of in trume ts f or me s rin a d me s reme t meth d s al c nform with th

rele a t intern tio al sta d rd a d s al b s le te to me t th me s reme t u c rtainty

targ ts s e ifie b th ma ufa turer If n c s ary, e tern l e uipme t with re uire v lu s

7.2 Me surement instruments

Th folowin in trume ts a d e uipme t are ty ic l y u e to me s re th p rf orma c of

f uel c l p wer s stems:

a) In trume ts f or me s rin ele tric p wer o tp t a d p wer in ut:

p wer meters, v ltmeter, ammeter a d oth r a c s orie

b) Ap aratu for me s rin fu l in ut rate:

fu l flow meters, pre s re s n ors, temp rature s n ors

c) Ap aratu for me s rin o id nt in ut rate:

o id nt flow meters, pre s re s n ors, temp rature s n ors

d) Ap aratu for d terminin th h atin v lu of fu l:

g s c romato ra h or altern te me n with c mp ra le a c ra y;

c lorimeter or altern te me n with c mp ra le a c ra y

e) In trume ts f or me s rin th h at re o ery fluid flow rate:

f l id flow meters, temp rature s n ors, a d pre s re s n ors

f ) Ap aratu for d terminin th c mp sitio of e h u t g s a d dis h rg water q alty:

e h u t g s a aly er; for e ample, SO

2, NO

x, CO

2, CO a d total h dro arb n;

water q alty a aly er; f or e ample, pH meter, ele tro h mic l pro e

g) In trume ts f or me s rin n is le el:

n is le el meter, micro h n s

h) In trume ts for me s rin vibratio le el:

vibratio le el meters, a c lerometers, pic -u s n ors

i) In trume ts for me s rin ambie t c n itio s:

b rometers, h grometers a d temp rature s n ors

7.3 Me surement meth ds

7.3.1 Electric p wer me surements

Th ele tric p wer me s reme t ma b u e to c lc late th ele tric e erg o er th te t

d ratio

Digital ele tric p wer me s reme t in trume tatio ma b u e for dire t me s reme t of

ele tric p wer in ut a d o tp t in a ditio to v lta e, U a d c r e t, I me s reme ts

Wh n dire t me s reme t of p wer is n t a aia le, th fol owin e u tio ma b u e for

AC to d termin ele tric p wer wh n p wer f actor λ is k own

For a thre -p a e s stem:

IU

(3)

Ele tric p wer, v lta e, c r e t a d p wer fa tor s al b me s re in a c rd n e with

IEC 6 0 1, IEC 6 3 9, IEC 6 0 2-1 , IEC 6 0 3-2 , IEC 6 6 8, IEC 610 8 a d IEC 61 4

Ele tric p wer meters, v lta e meters, c r e t meters a d p wer f actor meters s al b

a pro riate in terms of a c ra y a d c lbratio b f ore startin me s reme t

L c tio for me s reme t s al b a f olows:

a) In ord r to me s re ele tric p wer o tp t, a ele tric p wer meter, v lta e meter, c r e t

meter a d p wer fa tor meter s al b lo ate at th ele tric o tp t interfa e p int

b) In ord r to me s re ele tric p wer in ut f or a xi ary ma hin s a d e uipme t f rom a

e tern l p wer s urc , a ele tric p wer meter, v lta e meter, c r e t meter a d p wer

fa tor meter s al b lo ate at th ele tric in ut interfa e p int

c) Power fa tor me s reme ts s al b c n u te with th f uel c l p wer s stem c n e te

Natural g s mainly c mpris s meth n a d smal q a titie of hig er h dro arb n , a

wel a s me n n-c mb stible g s s Oth r g s o s f uels ma c ntain oth r c n titu nts

Al folowin major c mp n nts s al b me s re a c rdin to meth d d taie in

– meth n ;

Ga e u fu l flow is e s ntial to th me s reme t of f uel c l p wer s stem eff i ie c Ga

f uel in ut ma b d termin d b me n of eith r a v lumetric meter, a ma s f l w meter, or a

turbin - y e flow meter If s c a meth d is n t pra tic ble, f l w me s reme t b n z le ,

orif i e , or Ve turi meters is re omme d d, a d th y s al b a pl e in a c rd n e with

7.3.2.2.4 Ga eo s f uel temperature me surement

Re omme d d in trume ts for me s rin temp rature dire tly are a fol ows:

a) th rmo o ple with tra s u er;

b) re ista c th rmometer with tra s u er

Temp rature s n ors s al b a pro riate in terms of a c ra y

If th flow meter re uire temp rature c r e tio , th n th temp rature s n or in tal e ju t

u stre m of th flow me s reme t d vic s al b u e f or this temp rature c re tio

7.3.2.2.5 Ga eo s fuel pre sure me surement

Cal brate ma ometers, d a -weig t g u e , Bo rd n tu e or oth r ela tic ty e g u e ma

in trume tatio s al b s ita le f or th pre s re d rin th te t a d u c rtainty s al b

c n iste t with th u c rtainty a aly is

Before th p rforma c te t, c n e tin pipin s al b c e k d to e s re th t th pip s are

Th s c ara teristic s al b d termin d in a c rd n e with th rele a t ISO sta d rd (i.e

ISO 3 4 a d ISO 8 17) a wel a ASTM D4 0 , a a pro riate

7.3.2.3.2 Liquid f uel flow me surement

Th a c rate me s reme t of l q id fu l f l w to th fu l c l p wer s stem is e s ntial to

d termin a h at rate of th fu l c l p wer s stem Th u e of f l w n z le , orific s a d

Ve turi meters is re omme d d In trume tatio s al b a pl e in a c rd n e with

ISO 516 Altern tiv s in lu e dis la eme t meters, ma s flow meters, v lumetric meters,

7.3.2.3.3 Liquid f uel temperature me surement

Re omme d d in trume ts for me s rin temp rature dire tly are a fol ows:

a) th rmo o ple with tra s u er;

b) re ista c th rmometer with tra s u er

Temp rature s n ors s al b a pro riate in terms of a c ra y

If th flow meter re uire temp rature c r e tio , th n th temp rature s n or in tale ju t

u stre m of th f l w meter s al b u e f or this temp rature c r e tio

7.3.3.2 He t rec very fluid flow me surement

me s reme t of h at re o ery fluid flow to a d f rom th th rmal e erg uti z tio /stora e is

n c s ary to d termin th h at re o ery eff i ie c of th f uel c l p wer s stem Th u e of

f l w n z le , orific s or Ve turi meters is re omme d d, a d th y s al b a ple in

a c rd n e with ISO 516 Ma s f l w meters a d turbin - y e flow meters ma als b u e

Flow meters s al b a pro riate in terms of s ale a d a c ra y

Flow me s rin d vic s s al b lo ate n ar th b u d ry of th f uel c l p wer s stem

Th h at re o ery fluid flow me s reme t ma b u e to c lc late th total h at re o ery

f l id f l w b inte ratin th f l w rate o er th te t d ratio

7.3.3.3 He t rec very fluid temperature me surement

Re omme d d in trume ts f or me s rin temp rature dire tly are th rmo o ple with

tra s u er or re ista c th rmometer with tra s u er

Fluid temp rature me s reme t d vic s s al b a pro riate in terms of s ale a d a c ra y

Fluid temp rature me s rin d vic s s al b lo ate n ar th b u d ry of th f uel c l p wer

a) pre aratio for me s reme t: pre s re g u e s al b a pro riate in terms of a c ra y;

b) lo atio of pre s re g u e : pre s re g u e s n ors s al b lo ate ju t u stre m of th

a s ciate f l w meter n ar th interfa e p ints (f l id o tp t a d in ut p ints) in a fluid

flow ln Ad q ate th rmal in ulatio aro n pip s s al b re uire

Before th p rforma c te t, c n e tin pipin s al b c e k d to e s re th t th pip s are

le k- re u d r workin c n itio s

7.3.4 Purge ga flow me surement

Purg g s c n umptio ma b d termin d b me n of eith r a v lumetric meter, a ma s

f l w meter or a turbin - y e flow meter If s c a meth d is n t pra tic ble, flow me s reme t

b n z le , orific s or Ve turi meters is re omme d d, a d th y s al b a ple in

a c rd n e with ISO 516 Flow meters s al b c mp tible with th pre s re of g s u e

a d u c rtainty s al b c n iste t with th u c rtainty a aly is

Pre a tio s f or lo atio of th f l w meter a d me s reme t are a fol ows:

a) lo atio of f l w meters: flow meters s al b lo ate a ja e t to th s stem b u d ry;

b) me s reme t c n itio s: th temp rature a d pre s re of p rg g s s al b me s re

n ar th f l w meter in tal e at th s stem b u d ry

Before th p rforma c te t, c n e tin pipin s al b c e k d to e s re th t th pip s are

7.3.5.2 Oxidant (air) f l w me surement

Oxid nt (air) f l w rate ma b d termin d b me n of eith r a v lumetric meter, a ma s flow

meter or a turbin - y e flow meter If s c a meth d is n t pra tic ble, f l w me s reme t b

n z le , orific s or Ve turi meters is re omme d d, a d th y s al b a ple in a c rd n e

with ISO 516 Flow meters s al b c mp tible with th pre s re of g s u e a d u c rtainty

s al b c n iste t with th u c rtainty a aly is

Th o id nt (air) f l w me s reme t ma b u e to c lc late th total o id nt (air) flow b

inte ratin th f l w rate o er th te t d ratio

Pre a tio s f or th lo atio of th flow meter a d its me s reme t are a folows:

a) lo atio of f l w meters; flow meters s al b lo ate a ja e t to th s stem b u d ry;

b) me s reme t c n itio s: th temp rature a d pre s re of o id nt (air) s al b me s re

n ar th flow meter in tal e at th s stem b u d ry

7.3.5.3 Oxidant (air) temperature me surement

Re omme d d in trume ts f or me s rin temp rature dire tly are a fol ows:

a) th rmo o ple with tra s u er;

b) re ista c th rmometer with tra s u er

Temp rature s n ors s al b a pro riate in terms of a c ra y

If th flow meter re uire temp rature c r e tio , th n th temp rature s n or in tal e ju t

u stre m of th f l w me s reme t d vic s al b u e for this temp rature c r e tio

7.3.5.4 Oxidant (air) pre sure me surement

Cal brate ma ometers, d a -weig t g u e , Bo rd n tu e or oth r ela tic ty e g u e ma

b u e Altern tiv s in lu e c l brate pre s re tra s u ers Oxid nt (air) pre s re

in trume tatio s al b s ita le f or th pre s re d rin th te t a d u c rtainty s al b

c n iste t with th u c rtainty a aly is

Before th p rf orma c te t, c n e tin pipin s al b c e k d to e s re th t th pip s are

le k- re u d r workin c n itio s

7.3.5.5 Oxidant (air) c mp sition me surement

Oxid nt (air) c mp sitio s al b me s re u in g s c romato ra h or oth r s ita le

atmo p eric air u le s oth rwis in ic te

7.3.6 Other f luid f low me surement

e h u t g s o tlet of th fu l c l p wer s stem, eith r in id of th e h u t g s e a u tio

d ct f or clo e e h u t v ntiatio s stems or dire tly at th o tlet of th e h u t g s for

o e e h u t v ntiatio s stems If th e h u t d ctin is larg in siz , ta e re din s at th

c ntre of th e h u t d ct a d at re re e tativ p ints in a grid a ro s th e h u t d ct a d

7.3.7.2 Ex aust ga temperature me surement

Re omme d d in trume ts for me s rin temp rature dire tly are a fol ows:

c ncentratio me surement

For th c n e tratio me s reme t of SO

2,

ISO 7 3 , ISO 7 3 , ISO 1 0 2-1, ISO 1 0 2-2,

ISO 1 6 2 a d ISO 10 9 s al b c n ulte Oth r meth d s ita le f or th s rvic ma b

u e pro id d th y are c n iste t with th u c rtainty a aly is

For th c n e tratio me s reme t of NO

x, ISO 1 5 4, ISO 10 4 , ISO 1 0 2-1, ISO 1 0 2-

2 a d ISO 10 9 s al b c n ulte Oth r meth d s ita le f or th s rvic ma b u e

pro id d th y are c n iste t with th u c rtainty a aly is

7.3.7.5 T tal h drocarb n c ncentratio me surement

d) th bio h mic l o y e d ma d (BOD) or, if n c s ary, c emic l o y e d ma d (COD);

e) th emis io le els of oth r s b ta c s whic are re tricte b d me tic law a d ma b

7.3.8.3 Disc arge water temperature me surement

Re omme d d in trume ts for me s rin temp rature dire tly are a fol ows:

7.3.10 Vibratio level me surement

a c rd n e with th ma ufa turer’s in talatio in tru tio s

Vibratio emit e b th fu l c l p wer s stem s al b me s re at th mo ntin p ints a

d s rib d b low

a o e Th mo ntin p int is th tra smis io p int, tra smitin th vibratio f rom th u it to

th gro n , flo r, wal s, c i n , or oth r s p ort stru ture a c rdin to th ma ufa turer’s

d sig If multiple mo ntin c nfig ratio s are d sig e , al c n g ratio s s al b me s re

sig ific ntly re p n to th d n mic forc s a d c ara teriz th o eral vibratio of th

s stem For s stems with ut f i e mo ntin p ints, d n mic a aly is or prelmin ry

te tin is re uire to d termin th sig ific nt me s reme t p ints

b) To d fin th vibratio b h vio r at e c me s rin p sitio , it is n c s ary to ta e

me s reme ts in thre mutu l y p rp n ic lar dire tio s

c) Mo ntin of a c lerometers: refer to ISO 5 4

7.3.1 Total harmo ic distortion me surement

Total h rmo ic distortio s al b me s re a d re orte f or fu l c l p wer s stems th t

pro u e altern tin c r e t Refer to IEC 610 0-4-7 a d IEC 610 0-4-13 f or me s reme t

g id n e

7.3.12 Ambient c n itio me surement

Ambie t h midity, win , pre s re a d temp rature s al b me s re

Th ambie t h midity me s reme t s al b b s d o ISO 4 7 -1 a d ISO 4 7 -2

Th ambie t win me s reme t s al b b s d o ISO 16 2

Re omme d d in trume ts f or me s rin ambie t temp rature dire tly are a f olows:

a) th rmo o ple with tra s u er;

b) re ista c th rmometer with tra s u er

Temp rature s n ors s al b a pro riate in terms of a c ra y

Re omme d d in trume ts f or me s rin ambie t pre s re dire tly are a fol ows:

1) re o ator b rometer;

2) ele tro tatic c p city b rometer

Pre s re s n ors s al b a pro riate in terms of a c ra y

8 Te t plan

8.1 General

Th te t items in Ta le 2 s al b c r ie o t u d r diff ere t c n itio s d p n in u o th

p rp s of th te t Th dif fere t c n itio s are a f ol ows:

a) ste d state at rate p wer;

b) ste d state at p rtial lo d n ar th mid-p int b twe n rate p wer a d minimum p wer;

c) ste d state at pre-g n ratio state;

d) ste d state at minimum p wer;

b) b rometric pre s re;

c) relativ h midity;

p wer

Partial

loaa

Min

loaa

8.3 Maximum permis ible variatio in ste dy-state operatin c n itio s

Th ma imum p rmis ible v riatio s o er th te t d ratio are giv n in Ta le 4

Th ma imum p rmis ible v riatio s in Ta le 4 d n t a ply for start u a d s utd wn te tin

Variatio s ma e c e th alowa le v lu s in Ta le 4 if th c mbin d sta d rd u c rtainty

c lc latio re ults are a c pta le to th p rtie to th te t

Table 4 – Maximum permis ible variatio s in te t o eratin c n itio s

Inlet o id nt (air)temp rature

± 3 K

Absolute inlet o id nt (air)pres ure to system

± 0,5 %

Total h rmo ic distortio T D

f uel in ut, e tern l th rmal in ut, o id nt (air) in ut, a xi ary ele tric p wer in ut, s af work

in ut, ele tric p wer o tp t a d re o ere th rmal p wer o tp t

NOT Ele tric, h at re o ery a d o eral e erg ef ficie cies in th eff i ie c test a d waste h at rate in th

waste h at test are c lc late o th b sis of me sure v lu s giv n in th me sureme ts me tio e a o e

Th a pro riate d ratio a d f re u n y of re din s are d termin d a c rdin to th ty e of

f uel c l p wer s stem te te A s ff i ie t n mb r of me s reme ts a d n mb r of

me s reme t s ts s al b e ta ls e o th b sis of re uireme ts f or d ta flu tu tio s,

sta i ty of a era e v lu s a d th u c rtainty a aly is of this sta d rd

ele tric p wer in uts to th fu l c l p wer s stem a d a era e ele tric a d th rmal p wer

o tp ts from th s stem u d r ste d state at rate p wer o tp t

Th eff i ie c te t at p rtial lo d a d/or minimum p wer o tp t c n b c r ie o t b

1) f uel in ut rate (in v lume or in ma s), temp rature a d pre s re;

2) e tern l th rmal in ut rate (in ma s) temp rature a d pre s re;

3) o id nt (air) in ut rate (in v lume or in ma s), temp rature, a d pre s re;

4) a xi ary ele tric p wer in ut;

5) s af t work p wer in ut;

6) ele tric p wer o tp t, v lta e a d c r e t;

7) h at re o ery fluid o tp t rate (in v lume or in ma s), temp rature, a d pre s re;

8) ambie t temp rature a d b rometric pre s re

9.2.2.2 Comp tation pro edure

/s, s al b c lc late b th folowin e u tio Th a era e v lu s of f uel

temp rature a d pre s re o tain d o er th te t d ratio s al b u e :

0ff0ff0

/

Tq

VV

o tain d b dividin th total ma s in k b th te t d ratio in s

c) Co v rsio b twe n ma s a d v lumetric flow rate

Th relatio b twe n th a era e ma s f l w rate, q

/s, is e pre s d b th folowin e u tio :

f0f0mf

ρ

⋅

=

Vq

/s, or a th ma s f l w rate of fu l, q

mf

in k /s It s al b c lc late a c rdin to th

f olowin pro e ure

a) Volumetric flow rate

/s,

s al b o tain d b dividin th total v lume in m

3

b th te t d ratio in s

NOT Av ra e v lumetric f low rate of lq id f uel u d r refere c c n itio s is ta e as th same as th t

u d r test c n itio s b c use th v lume c a g isq ite smal f or lq id

b) Ma s f l w rate

1) Th total ma s of lq id f uel in ut o er th te t d ratio in k s al b o tain d b

inte ratin th ma s flow rate in k /s whic is me s re o er th te t ru p rio

/s, is e pre s d b th folowin e u tio :

f0f0mf

ρ

⋅

=

Vq

EHHH

H

mf0

is th molar e th lp of fu l at refere c temp rature T

0 (kJ/mol);

E

pf

is th pre s re e erg of f uel at a era e pre s re p

f(kJ/mol)

jjHxH

f0

1f0

mf

1mf

f

32

f

fmf

10

103

102

TAH

jj

jj

(10)

wh re

A

jB

j

a d C

jare th c n ta ts of c mp n nt j a d giv n in work h et 1 of An e B;

pm

10/

/VEq

/mol)

NOT 5 Th ref ere c temp rature f or this sta d rd is 2 8,15 K

b) Ma s f l w rate

1) Th e erg in ut of g s o s f uel p r mole at a era e temp rature T

f, a d a era e

EHHH

H

mf0

is th molar e th lp of fu l at ref ere c temp rature T

0 (kJ/mol);

E

pf

is th pre s re e erg of f uel at a era e pre s re p

f(kJ/mol)

/MEq

rate or for ma s flow rate a c rdin to th fol owin pro e ure

a) Volumetric flow rate

1) Th e erg in ut of l q id f uel p r u it of v lume, E

Vf

in kJ/m3

EqP