Tom Tat La Tieng Anh-Tran Loi-101021502.Pdf

TRA VINH PEOPLE COMMITEE TRA VINH UNIVERSITY TRAN LOI ANALYZING FACTORS IMPACT TO ENTREPRENEURSHIP INTENTION OF YOUTH AT TRA VINH PROVINCE MAJOR BUSSINESS ADMINISTRATION CODE 9340101 SUMMARY OF PhD TH[.]

TRA VINH PEOPLE COMMITEE

TRA VINH UNIVERSITY

TRAN LOI

ANALYZING FACTORS IMPACT TO ENTREPRENEURSHIP INTENTION OF YOUTH

AT TRA VINH PROVINCE

MAJOR: BUSSINESS ADMINISTRATION

CODE: 9340101

SUMMARY OF PhD THESIS

TRA VINH, 2023

The dissertation was completed at:

Tra Vinh Univeristy

Supervisor: Assoc Prof Dr Le Nguyen Doan Khoi

Reviewer 1: Reviewer 2: Reviewer 3:

The dissertation will be presented to the Univesity Dissertation Board at Tra Vinh University

At day month year 2023

The thesis can be found at the libraries as follows: National Library, Library of Tra Vinh University

CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 REASONS FOR CHOOSING THE TOPIC

In the context of the current integrated economy, one of the critical factors contributing to the country’s development is the increase in the quantity and quality of private enterprises Therefore, entrepreneurship is a topic of great interest to the government, which intends to increase the ratio

of businesses to Vietnam’s population, especially by promoting business creation among young people (Business Development Department, 2017) The government has also adopted policies to encourage and promote the establishment of businesses and support the development of small and medium-sized enterprises, as well as actively implementing activities to support businesses, such as establishing development support funds and a people’s credit fund Explaining the status of young people who only like to work, not own, there are opinions that the current school and university education programs need to meet the knowledge needs of entrepreneurship in Vietnam For these reasons, young Vietnamese people need more knowledge, confidence, and vision to start a business Hence, the research question is what universities, colleges, intermediate schools, families, and society need to do so that Vietnamese youth and people in Tra Vinh Province have the passion and confidence

to start a business Stemming from this question, the study on “Analysis

of factors affecting the entrepreneurial intention of young people in Tra Vinh province” is essential and selected to carry out the Ph.D thesis in Management business

1.2 RESEARCH OBJECTIVE

1.2.1 General objective

Researching the factors affecting the entrepreneurial intention of young people in Tra Vinh province and proposing management implications to improve the intention to start a business shortly

1.2.2 Specific objective

Determining the factors affecting the intention to start a business among young people in Tra Vinh province; Analyzing the impact of each factor on the entrepreneurial intention of young people in Tra Vinh province; Testing the difference in entrepreneurial intentions of young people in Tra Vinh province according to demographic criteria;

1.3 OBJECT AND THE SCOPE OF RESEARCH

Research object: Analyze the factors affecting the entrepreneurial

intention of young people in Tra Vinh province

Survey object: the research focuses on young people under the

Youth Law, who are young people aged between 18 and 34 years old

Scope of the research: The dissertation focuses on young

individuals who have not started a business in Tra Vinh but intend to start one, including Khmer ethnic people The thesis analyzes and measures the factors affecting the entrepreneurial intention of young people in Tra Vinh province; from there, it proposes management implications to

improve the intention to start a business soon

Research period: Secondary data was used in the study from 2017

to 2020, and primary data was collected in 2019

1.4 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

The dissertation uses mixed research methods to test the model through two stages: (1) preliminary qualitative and quantitative research to test, adjust, supplement, and standardize the scale (2) A formal quantitative research method to test hypotheses

- Qualitative research method is carried out through discussion with two groups: Group 1 includes eight experts in the field of entrepreneurship; Group 2 consists of 10 young people who have started their businesses

- Quantitative research method was carried out through a survey—preliminary quantitative research through face-to-face interviews with sufficient research samples by convenience (110 young people) The official survey was conducted using a prepared questionnaire for young people in Tra Vinh province The sample was selected by a convenient method with

400 observations collected, distributed in areas with a relatively high proportion of ethnic minorities, typical of Tra Vinh province

CHAPTER 2 BASIC THEORIES AND RESEARCH MODEL

2.1 ENTREPRENEURSHIP

The notion of entrepreneurship has evolved as various scholars have contributed diverse perspectives As per Richard’s (1734) perspective, entrepreneurship pertains to being self-employed in any capacity At the onset of the 21st century, the Commission of the European Communities (2003) provided a more precise definition of

Entrepreneurship or self-employment It is characterized as the cognitive and operational procedures involved in generating and advancing economic undertakings that merge risk, originality, or novelty hazards in

a novel or pre-existing establishment According to Oviatt and McDougall’s (2005) definition, Entrepreneurship encompasses identifying, actualizing, assessing, and utilizing prospects to generate forthcoming commodities and amenities

Entrepreneurship refers to the systematic approach of conceptualizing, experimenting, and managing a business venture, typically initiated on a modest scale, as Yetisen et al (2015) stated From

an individual standpoint, entrepreneurship can be characterized as the ability and inclination to develop, structure, and oversee a business by assuming risks to attain financial gain (Albadri & Nasereddin, 2019)

2.2 THEORETICAL BACKGROUND

2.2.1 Entrepreneurs

There are two main approaches to the definition of an entrepreneur One is the entrepreneur’s personal ethos approach The second is the behavioral approach

2.2.2 Psychological theory

The psychological theory focuses on the mental or emotional aspects of an individual’s orientation toward entrepreneurial behavior, emphasizing the role that individual characteristics of the entrepreneur play in this behavior (Landström, 2010)

2.2.3 Sociological theory

Sociological theory suggests that context (business environment, politics, law, culture) and social network have an impact on entrepreneurial spirit of entrepreneurs (Granovetter, 1985, 1992; Thornton et al., 2011)

2.2.4 Economic theory

The theory of expected value, which was initially proposed by Feather (1982, 1992), is a common economic and behavioral framework for understanding entrepreneurship The Cognitive-motivational theory, commonly referred to as Expected value theory, pertains to the extent to which an individual's expectations align with the anticipated value, whether positive or negative, in pursuit of a particular goal

2.2.5 The resource-based entrepreuneurship theory

According to the theory of resource-based entrepreneurship, the ability of entrepreneurs to identify opportunities and achieve growth is

significantly influenced by their access to resources and their attachment

to them (Alvarez & Busenitz, 2001)

2.2.6 Entrepreneurial intention theory

This theory exhibits a strong correlation with the process of generating business risk and aligns with the startup motive based on needs Per this theoretical framework, entrepreneurs will likely cultivate entrepreneurial intentions through introspection and behavioral adjustments contingent upon their adaptability According to Merriam-Webster (1987), adaptability refers to adjusting to unusual situations The term “Entrepreneurial Intention” refers to an individual’s inclination to initiate a business venture, which serves as a driving force behind their decision to establish a new enterprise (Wu & Wu, 2008; Miranda et al., 2017)

2.3 CONTENTS USED IN THE RESEARCH RELATED TO ENTREPRENEURSHIP INTENTION

The genesis of research that centers on entrepreneurial intent (EI) can be traced back to a collection of articles authored by Shapero (1975), Shapero & Sokol (1982), Bird (1988), and Katz & Gartner (1988) Shlaegel and Koning (2014) conducted a study The category of Entrepreneurial Intent is multifaceted and encompasses a range of activities, including but not limited to opportunity identification and evaluation, motivation, resource acquisition and allocation, risk-taking, creative problem-solving, and management The concept of business was extensively studied by Ajzen in 1987

2.4 LITERATURE REVIEW

Table 2.1 A brief review of research related to entrepreneurial intention

Research Background theory Comments

Entrepreneurship event theory (Krueger

a more comprehensive explanation

Fitzsimmons &

Douglas (2011);

Theory of behavioral intentions (TPB) Ajzen (1991);

Entrepreneurship event theory (Krueger

et al., 2000)

This research applies the Krueger et

al (2000) entrepreneurial event theory It exclusively examines the interaction between the perceived desire to launch a company and its viability concerning the dependent

Research Background theory Comments

variable—the intention to launch a business

Nabi & Liñán

(2013)

Theory of behavioral intentions (TPB) Ajzen (1991)

The research was done in a recession setting when business hazards are present This is an intriguing proposal since a recession may be both an opportunity and a danger depending

on the investor’s mentality

Investigate the correlation between familial background and the inclination towards entrepreneurship The present study places significant emphasis on the demographic attributes of youth that impact their proclivity towards initiating a business venture

The findings unambiguously demonstrate the correlation between one’s education level and inclination towards entrepreneurship The empirical findings indicate a disparity

in the disposition and inclination to initiate a business venture among individuals who partake in entrepreneurship education initiatives

Gird & Bagraim

(2008)

Theory of behavioral intentions (TPB) Ajzen (1991)

The research is centered on examining the correlation between prior entrepreneurial exposure and the inclination toward entrepreneurial pursuits

The study’s findings indicate that the factor of experience is a crucial recommendation for cultivating a disposition of dedication toward entrepreneurship in the context of this thesis

Research Background theory Comments

Choo & Wong

(2006)

Theory of behavioral intentions (TPB) Ajzen (1991)

The presence of obstacles in the entrepreneurial process is standard, with barriers to starting a business being a notable factor The impact of these barriers can be either

advantageous or disadvantageous, contingent upon the entrepreneur’s mindset (Nabi & Lián, 2013) The perception of the matter may vary among individuals, with some perceiving it as a favorable prospect while others may view it as a potential hazard The presence of an opportunity is likely to influence the inclination to initiate a business venture favorably In contrast, a threat

is expected to affect the same intention adversely Hence, the present investigation acknowledges potential hazards while disregarding potential benefits, emphasizing the pivotal significance of entrepreneurial drive in this context

(Source: Adapted by author)

In short, the author of the thesis shares the perspective of Ajzen (1991)

and Nabi & Liñán (2013) based on a comprehensive analysis of research on entrepreneurial intention To become an entrepreneur, one must possess the requisite attitude, motivation to initiate a business venture, and a willingness

to undertake calculated risks The study utilized reviewed results to construct

a model that examines the interplay between various factors, including entrepreneurial attitude, entrepreneurship education, passion, start-up motivation, start-up barriers, institutional environment, entrepreneurship

behavior, and entrepreneurial readiness

to the factors of homogeneity in research results, such as attitudes and

perceptions (Elfving et al., 2009; Shariff and Saud, 2009); However, other factors are still not consistent in research results, such as entrepreneurial behavior (Ruhle et al., 2010; Paco et al., 2011), entrepreneurship education (Johansen and Schanke, 2013) ; Gorman et al., 1997); personal characteristics (Tong et al., 2011); start-up experience (Basu and Virick, 2008; Davidsson, 1995), Government support for starting a business (Lüthje and Frank, 2003); gender, age, and educational attainment (BarNir and Watson, 2011; and Shinnar and Giacomin, 2012)

The theory of planned behavior by Ajzen (1991) emphasizes the role of individual characteristics of the entrepreneur as important as attitude, subjective norm, and behavioral control in affecting the intention

to start a business The industry is practiced in many places, such as in Vietnam (Phan Anh Tu & Giang Thi Cam Tien, 2014), South Africa (Nieuwenhuizen & Swanepoel, 2015), Malaysia (Kadir et al., 2012), Scandinavia and the US (Autio) et al., 2001), or Norway (Kolvereid, 1996), but this theory ignores or rarely mentions the important role of context factors, such as entrepreneurship education and business environments business, family characteristics (Kolvereid, 1996; Carr & Sequeira, 2007; Walter & Dohse, 2009)

Moreover, the literature review findings indicate that the variable

of “government support” has been infrequently examined in prior research frameworks Several studies have examined this matter across various social contexts, resulting in diverse scientific findings contingent upon the social conditions

2.6 BUIDING RESEARCH MODEL AND HYPOTHESIS

Proposed research model

Hình 2.2 Proposed research model

(Source: Adapted and adjustment by author)

CHAPTER 3 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 3.1 RESEARCH DESIGN

3.1.1 Research methodology

3.1.1.1 Premilinary study

The initial investigation comprises a qualitative inquiry examining the determinants that influence the entrepreneurial inclination of youth in Tra Vinh province The present study employed a mixed-methods approach, utilizing preliminary qualitative research adapted from existing scales of prior investigations and preliminary quantitative research to construct survey questionnaires to conduct official research

3.1.1.2 Formal study

The research methodology employed in this study involved using direct questioning techniques on a sample of 400 individuals who have yet to initiate any entrepreneurial endeavors but have expressed their intention to do so in the future The formal quantitative study utilized a

Entrepreuneur intention

convenience, non-probability sampling technique to select the sample The quantitative survey questionnaire data is initially subjected to processing via SPSS 16.0 software to assess Cronbach’s alpha coefficient and conduct exploratory factor analysis (EFA) Subsequently, a correlation regression analysis was employed to examine the theoretical models and hypotheses about the determinants of entrepreneurial intentions among young individuals

3.1.2 Research procedure

The research procedure was carried out as follows:

Figure 3.1 Research procedure

(Source: Author)

3.2 QUALITATIVE RESEARCH

3.2.1 Preliminary research and adjustment of the original scale

The scale in this thesis is built based on theories of entrepreneurial

Research objective

Building questionnair

Quantitative research

Qualitative research

Expected research model

Model and formal scale

Theoretical background and research models

- Direct interview

- Analyze data:

+ Cronbach's Alpha test + Exploratory factor analysis EFA

+ Regression analysis + T-test, ANOVA

Research results and

discussion

Conclusion and managerial

implications

suit the startup context in Vietnam based on qualitative research through focus group discussions with two groups (experts and young people who have started a business)

3.2.2 Preliminary results of qualitative research and scale adjustment

The interviewer will be queried on the clarity of the inquiry and will select the variables that align with their perspective, as per the iterations of prior investigations The selection of variables for a given concept will be based on the principle of choosing observed variables that have the highest frequency of occurrence among individuals Observational variables with limited or insufficient selectors will be excluded from the scale

3.2.3 Preliminary results of quantitative research

The study conducted direct interviews with young people in Tra Vinh province through detailed questionnaires The quantitative preliminary research sample has a size n = 110 and is selected by convenience sampling method

3.2.4 Reliability of the scale evaluation

Methods to assess the reliability of the scale

Principles of testing variables

The results of evaluating the reliability of the scale

Table 3.20 Statistics of variables in the model after analyzing

5 IE IE1, IE2, IE3, IE4, IE5, IE6, IE7 0.887

7 EED EED1, EED2, EED3, EED4, EED5 0.804

(Source: Author)

3.3 QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH

After conducting qualitative research to identify the main factors affecting youth entrepreneurship intention, the observed scale variables have been adjusted to suit the practice in Tra Vinh—the results of the scale of factors affecting the entrepreneurial intention of young people

3.4 OFFCIAL STUDY

The official study was conducted to provide data to test the scale and research hypotheses by quantitative research method on the questionnaire with the detailed questionnaire on the selected sample The author directly interviews young people who have yet to start a business in Tra Vinh province, and then the questionnaire will be collected for analysis

3.5 QUESTIONNAIR BUIDING

To conduct quantitative research, the author has built a questionnaire to serve the survey

3.6 DATA ANALYSIS MOTHODS

Statistical analysis: The statistical methods used in the study are

as follows: Using graphical methods, descriptive statistical analysis

methods with indicators such as ratio, mean, and standard deviation

Graph method: According to Mai Van Nam (2008), it is defined

that graph method is a method of presenting and analyzing statistical

information through statistical charts, graphs, and maps

Descriptive statistical analysis method: According to Mai Van

Nam (2008), it is defined that descriptive statistical analysis methods are methods related to data collection, summary, presentation, and calculation Furthermore, describe different characteristics to reflect the

object of study in general

Frequency analysis method: According to Vo Thi Thanh Loc

(2001), performing frequency analysis will describe and learn about the distribution characteristics of a raw data sample; making a frequency distribution table is necessary The frequency table must be prepared A frequency distribution table summarizes data arranged in a particular

order - ascending or descending

Testing the scale’s reliability: When using the Likert scale to

collect the necessary information, statistics are necessary to check the rigor and correlation between observed variables in factor groups Examine the correlation between the variables and the correlation of the

scores of each variable with each respondent’s total variable scores

Exploratory factor analysis: After eliminating variables that do not