Luận án tóm tắt tiếng anh (cd)

In the relationship between the two countries, the bilateral relationship between the provinces sharing the border between the two countries in general, between the border provinces in t

MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING HCM CITY UNIVERSITY OF EDUCATION

-

LY VAN NGOAN

RELATIONS BETWEEN THE SOUTHEAST BORDER PROVINCES OF VIETNAM AND THE PROVINCES BORDERING CAMBODIA FROM 1991 TO 2015

HISTORY DOCTORAL THESIS ABSTRACT

MAJOR: VIETNAM OF HISTORY

CODE NO: 62 22 03 13

HO CHI MINH CITY - 2022

The work was completed at the Ho Chi Minh City University of Education

Science instructor: Asso Prof Dr Nguyen Van Hiep

Dr Le Phung Hoang

Review 1: Asso Prof Dr Dinh Quang Hai

Review 2: Asso Prof Dr Tran Nam Tien

Review 3: Dr Le Van Dat

The thesis will be defended in front of the School-level Thesis Judging Committee at: ……….… At……hour……….day……….month… …year…………

Thesis can be found at the library:

- National Library of Vietnam

- Library of Ho Chi Minh City University of Education

- Library of General Science in Ho Chi Minh City

PREAMBLE

1 Reason for choosing the topic

The Vietnam-Cambodia relationship is a special relationship, with a long historical tradition, going through certain ups and downs and difficulties In particular, the relationship between localities sharing Vietnam's border with Cambodia's border provinces holds a very important position That relationship tooks place in the most vivid, specific and direct way in the general relationship between Vietnam and Cambodia That relationship is reflected in almost all fields from economic relations, politics, national defense and security, socio-cultural relations to the relations of the residents

on both sides of the border

On the whole land border between Vietnam and Cambodia has a length

of about 1,137 km (Ministry of Foreign Affairs, 2010, pp 8–9) , passes through 10 provinces of Vietnam and borders 9 provinces of Cambodia 1, is divided into three the Central Highlands, Southeast and Southwest regions Each region has different characteristics and positions for economic and social development as well as in the relationship between the border provinces on the Vietnamese side and the border provinces on the Cambodian side

The South- East region of Vietnam includes 6 provinces and 1 city including Ho Chi Minh City, Tay Ninh, Binh Phuoc, Binh Duong, Dong Nai,

Ba Ria - Vung Tau today This area has a natural area of 23,590.7 km2 , accounting for 7.12% of the country's area, the total population of 15,790,400 people , accounting for more than 17.40% of the population of Vietnam (GSO, 2014, p 65) This area has two provinces of Tay Ninh and Binh Phuoc, bordering with five provinces of Kratie, Mondulkiri, Tbong Khmum (before 2013 it was Kampong Cham province), Prey Veng, Svay Rieng of Cambodia with a border length of 592,977 km This is an area with an important strategic position and is considered as the land gateway of the Southeast in relations with countries in the region and the world

Historically, the relationship between the two countries Vietnam - Cambodia has always been of interest to the two countries' governments and

1

10 provinces in Vietnam: Kon Tum, Gia Lai, Dak Nong, Dak Lak, Binh Phuoc, Tay Ninh, Long An, Dong Thap, An Giang, Kien Giang Nine provinces in Cambodia include: Ratanakiri, Mondulkiri, Kratie, Kampong Cham, Prey Veng, Svay Rieng, Kandal, Takeo, Kampot

2people, placing them as the number one priority in their foreign policy The two countries always give each other the care, support and dependence on each other in national construction and development as well as in the process

of fighting against foreign aggression to protect national independence That was shown specifically in the resistance war against the French invasion, the American intervention and the destruction of the Khmer Rouge genocidal regime later

In the relationship between the two countries, the bilateral relationship between the provinces sharing the border between the two countries in general, between the border provinces in the Southeast region of Vietnam and the border provinces on the Cambodian side in particular have the following positions: It is very important because:

+ The relationship between the border provinces in the Southeast region

of Vietnam and the provinces bordering Cambodia contributes to the formation of the common relationship between the two countries

+ The relationship between the border provinces in the South- East region

of Vietnam and the border provinces on the Cambodian side is the process of implementing and implementing the foreign policies of the two countries, Vietnam and Cambodia in a specific and vivid way, most directly at the local level

+ The relationship between the border provinces in the South- East region

of Vietnam and the border provinces on the Cambodian side contributes to solving specific problems stemming from the reality of each locality in Vietnam's international relations with Vietnam Cambodia in all fields from economic and political relations to national defense and security, culture, society and people-to-people relations thereby contributing to enriching the relationship between the two countries

Stemming from that historical practice, with the desire to learn systematically, comprehensively and deeply about the basis, reality as well as achievements and limitations in the relations between the border provinces in the Eastern region The South of Vietnam and the provinces bordering Cambodia from 1991 to 2015, to draw lessons from that experience to contribute to strengthening the relationship between the two regions as well

as the two countries in the next periods This is a requirement both theoretically and practically Because of the above urgent requirement, the

PhD student chose the problem " Relation between the border provinces of

Southeast Vietnam and the provinces bordering Cambodia from 1991 to

2015" do his doctoral thesis

2 Research purpose

- To clarify the important factors underpinning the relationship, from which to confirm the relationship between the Southeast border provinces of Vietnam and the border provinces of Cambodia stemming from real needs, objective economy

- To do highlight the most important contents, the deepest aspects of the cooperation relationship between the two bordering provinces from 1991 to

2015

- To draw some characteristics and lessons learned to contribute to strengthening the relationship between the bordering provinces of the two sides in the next period

- To serve as a scientific basis for the border provinces in particular and the government in general to refer to in formulating plans for economic and social development, national security and defense, foreign affairs with integration conditions, particularities of each locality

- To believe, on the other hand, the thesis also serves as a source of material for the study and research on local history and the Southeast region

of lecturers and students

3 Research mission

To clarify the above purpose, the thesis has the following tasks:

- Analyzing the factors affecting the cooperation relationship between the Southeast border provinces of Vietnam and the provinces bordering Cambodia such as Geographical location and natural conditions, defense factors - security, economic factors and socio-cultural factors on that basis, affirming that the relationship between the bordering provinces of the two sides comes from an objective necessity

- Analyzing and clarifying the current situation of the relationship between the Southeast border provinces of Vietnam and the provinces bordering Cambodia from 1991 to 2015 in such fields as: economy, politics, defense - security, culture - society

- Evaluate the achievements, limitations, characteristics and draw lessons learned from the relationship between the bordering provinces in the future

4 Object and scope of research

About subject: The thesis studies the cooperation relationship between the

two Southeast border provinces of Vietnam and the five border provinces of Cambodia in the fields of: economy, politics, defense - security and culture - society festival

About space: It is among the Southeast border provinces with Cambodia

bordering provinces, including: Tay Ninh, Binh Phuoc1 (Vietnam), Svay Rieng, Prey Veng, Tbong Khmum, Kratie , Mondulkiri (Cambodia)

About time: The research time limit of the thesis is from 1991 to 2015

5 Approaches, methods and research resources

Approach: The thesis approaches from the perspective of bilateral

international relations at the local level between the bordering provinces on both sides of the border and puts that relationship in the overall relationship to identify evaluate and draw lessons learned

About research methods

- The thesis uses methods such as the methodology of Marxism-Leninism and Ho Chi Minh's thought; The specific research method is a combination of historical and logical methods Besides, the thesis also uses other methods such as statistics, analysis, comparison

Regarding research materials: To carry out the thesis, the PhD student

used the following original sources:

- The treaties, agreements, cooperation agreements between Vietnam and Cambodia from 1991 to 2015

- Minutes of working, reports on preliminary and summary cooperation

of the Provincial Party Committee, People's Committee, departments, branches, localities of Tay Ninh and Binh Phuoc provinces with Cambodia bordering provinces from 1991 to 2015

- In addition, the thesis also uses research results from other works such

as books, newspapers, magazines, scientific topics, thesis

6 Some related concepts used in the thesis

There are a number of related basic terms and concepts that are clarified

in the thesis such as: Border, Border area (in the border area, there are

1

For Binh Phuoc province before January 1, 1997 in Song Be province, so in the thesis when studying the period before 1997, the space of Song Be province will be mentioned

5concepts such as border belt, border gate, border market), Border population, Cross-border relations, border trade

7 Scientific contributions of the thesis

- Present and analyze in a systematic and relatively comprehensive way the bases for forming the cooperation relationship between the Southeast border provinces of Vietnam and Cambodia bordering provinces such as: Geographical basis and natural conditions, defense-security bases, economic bases and socio-cultural bases on that basis, affirming that the relationship between the bordering provinces of the two sides comes from an inevitable needs objective

- Analyzing and clarifying the current situation of the relationship between the Southeast border provinces of Vietnam and the provinces bordering Cambodia from 1991 to 2015 in such fields as: economy, politics, defense - security, culture - society

- Evaluate the achievements, limitations, characteristics and draw lessons learned from the relationship between the bordering provinces in the future

- Collect, systematize and introduce a volume of documents and documents related to the research topic, serving for reference, research, teaching and learning the history of international relations and the history of Vietnam Modern South

8 Structure of the thesis

In addition to the introduction, conclusion, list of references and appendices, the content of the thesis is expected to include 4 chapters, in which:

Chapter 1: Overview of the research situation

Chapter 2: The basis for forming the cooperation relationship between the Southeast border provinces of Vietnam and the border provinces of Cambodia

Chapter 3: Status of the relationship between the Southeast border provinces of Vietnam and the provinces bordering Cambodia from 1991 to

CHAPTER 1 OVERVIEW OF RESEARCH SITUATION

1.1 Research works on Vietnam - Cambodia relations in fields related to the scope and research object of the thesis

1.1.1 Works referring to the field of politics, security - defense

+ Research projects of typical domestic authors such as:

The first is the work "Vietnam - Laos - Cambodia Solidarity Combat

Alliance" (1983) by Hoang Van Thai, Truth Publishing House, Hanoi;

Proceedings of the Scientific Conference "Vietnam - Cambodia relations in a

new context: Comprehensive cooperation for mutual development" (2007);

Institute for Southeast Asian Studies with the project "Vietnam - Cambodia

land border: Historical, political, social, legal basis and solutions for sustainable and harmonious development" (2009); National Border

Committee - Ministry of Foreign Affairs with the project "Vietnam -

Cambodia land border" (2010); Monograph book "Vietnam - Cambodia relations since the cold war" by Tran Xuan Hiep, Social Science Publishing

House, Hanoi, 2014; With a historical approach, the topic "The process of

forming the land border between Vietnam and Cambodia" by author Le

Trung Dung, subject of the National Foundation for Science and Technology Development, Hanoi, 2014 On the occasion of the 35th anniversary of the victory of the war to protect the southwestern border, Culture and Information

Publishing House publishes the book "Victory of the West-South border of

Vietnam and the imprint of the Vietnamese Volunteer Army on the way Cambodia Network” (2014) …

+ Research works of typical foreign authors:

The first is the work "The China - Cambodia - Vietnam Triangle" (1981)

by Uyen Phret Bot Lightning, Theoretical Information Publishing House,

Hanoi The work "Cambodia - Vietnam Political Relations 1979 - 1989" (2003) by author Camaphon He presented "Conflict between political parties

in Cambodia: Impact on Cambodia - Vietnam relations" (2005) by Roy

Rasmey The work "Policy of the Kingdom of Cambodia towards Vietnam

from 1993 to the present " (2008) by author Sok Dareth The project

"Cambodia - Vietnam cooperation from 1993 to the present" by Chhouet Sopheak, Diplomatic Academy, Hanoi, 2009 The work of Sun Sothiarat "The

development path of Cambodia - Vietnam traditional friendship relationship from 1998 to present” (2010) Especially with Thearith Leng 's thesis "Small

State Diplomacy: Cambodia's Foreign Policy Towards Vietnam" (2018)

School of Humanities and Social Sciences The University of New South Wales, Canberra This thesis examines Cambodia's foreign policy towards a larger power like Vietnam in order to contribute to understanding how a small, developing country, especially with many historical disagreements with its large neighbour more, in making its foreign policy (Leng, 2018)

1.1.2 In the economic, cultural and social fields

- The works referring to the relationship on the economic field between Vietnam - Cambodia are related to the thesis such as:

The first is the author's work Le Huong "Border Flea Market of Vietnam

and Cambodia" (1969) Doan Ke Bon with the work "Some solutions to develop trade in goods between Vietnam and Cambodia across the land border in the period up to 2005" (2002) Le Thi Hong with the topic

"Vietnam-Cambodia economic cooperation relationship from 1979 to 2007" (2008), Vinh University, Nghe An The topic "Outstanding political and

economic issues of Cambodia in the period 2011 - 2020 and their main impact on Vietnam" (2010) is chaired by Nguyen The Ha The project

"Capacity for international economic integration of localities contiguous to

Cambodia" (2013), chaired by the National Committee for International

Economic Cooperation Nguyen Xuan Thien (editor) with the work

"Economic relations between Vietnam and Cambodia, the current situation

and prospects" (2018), Information and Communication Publishing House

- The works referring to the relationship in the field of culture - society between the two countries Vietnam - Cambodia related to the thesis such as:

The first is the work "Ethnic, religious and cultural aspects in the

Vietnam - Laos - Cambodia Development Triangle" (2009) by Pham Duc

Thanh and Vu Cong Quy State-level independent project "Study the

historical, cultural, political, social and legal basis of the land border between Vietnam and Cambodia and propose solutions to stabilize and develop the border region between the two countries water” (2010) by

Nguyen Sy Tuan Tran Hong Lien with two articles "Buddhist cultural

exchange of residents in the Vietnam - Cambodia border area” and "Cultural exchange of residents in the Vietnam - Cambodia border area" (2010),

published in the Journal of Southeast Asian Studies, August 2010 Phan An

with the article "Ethnic relations on both sides of the national border between

Vietnam and Cambodia" (2010), published in the Journal of Southeast Asian

8Studies Besides, there are also articles published in the journals of Southeast Asian Studies, Economics and Development, Science and Society such as: Le

Minh Dien (2009), “Some overall solutions for frontier development between

Vietnam and Cambodia"; Nguyen Van Ha (2010), "The current situation and solutions for socio-economic development in the Vietnam-Cambodia border region"; Nguyen Hong Nhung (2010), "The current situation of socio- economic development in the Vietnam-Cambodia border region"; Quach Thi

Cuc (2010), "Borders and issues of sustainable development in the case of

Vietnam - Cambodia land border"

1.2 Research works on the Southeast border provinces of Vietnam and Cambodia's border provinces related to the relationship

1.2.1 Research works on the two provinces of Tay Ninh and Binh Phuoc are related to the relationship with the border provinces on the Cambodian side

- The research works on Tay Ninh province have typical works such as:

First with the work "Old Tay Ninh" (2001) Huynh Minh's Youth

Publishing House Tay Ninh Provincial People's Committee with the project

“Tay Ninh Geography” (2006), National Political Publishing House Topic

“Preserving and promoting cultural traditions of ethnic minorities in Tay

Ninh” (2009), Author Phan An is in charge The work “Tay Ninh 35 years of construction and development (April 30, 1975 - April 30, 2010)” (2010) of

the Statistics Department of Tay Ninh province, released in April 2010 Tay

Ninh Provincial Party Committee with the work “History of Tay Ninh

Provincial Party Committee 1930 – 2005” (2010), National Political

Publishing House The work “Building a relationship of solidarity, friendship

and cooperation on the borderline of Tay Ninh province” (2013), authored by

Do Van Banh, Political Commissar of the Provincial Military Command, published in the National Defense Journal total population December 2013

The project “Strategy to develop border trade in Tay Ninh province, period

2015 - 2020 and vision to 2030” (2015), led by Le Cao Thanh Tay Ninh

Border Guard Command “Tay Ninh Border Guard 40 years of building,

fighting and growing up (May 25, 1975 - May 25, 2015)” (2015) People's

Army Publishing House Especially with the project “Ethnic relations across

borders of some ethnic minorities in Binh Phuoc and Tay Ninh provinces” (2016), Vo Cong Nguyen is the director This is a work meticulously

researched on the basis of investigation, fieldwork, with a system of very

9valuable forms and diagrams

- Research works on Binh Phuoc province have typical impacts on

relationships such as:

Military Command of Binh Phuoc province “History of Binh Phuoc

resistance war (1945 - 1975)” (2002), National Political Publishing House

The article “Binh Phuoc continues to develop rapidly and sustainably” was

published in the Vietnam Economic and Social Journal, No 2/2010 Provincial Party Committee, People's Committee of Binh Phuoc province

with the project “Binh Phuoc Geography” (2015), National Political

Publishing House Group of works of the Party Committee of Binh Duong

and Binh provinces such as: History of the Party Committee of Binh Phuoc

province (1930 - 2020), National Political Publishing House, 2020; History of the Party Committee of Binh Duong Province (1975 – 2010), National

Political Publishing House, 2011; History of the Military Party of Binh

Duong Province (1945 - 2015), People's Army Publishing House, 2011…

1.2.2 Research works on the provinces on the Cambodian side in relation to the two provinces of Tay Ninh and Binh Phuoc

Regarding the research situation in the provinces of Cambodia bordering Tay Ninh and Binh Phuoc provinces, within their limited capacity, the PhD student has access to the following typical works:

Group of 3 works of National Institute of Statistics, Ministry of Planning

Phnom Penh, Cambodia (2/2013): Economic Census of Cambodia 2011

Provenchal Svay Reing (National Institute of Statistics, 2013b); Economic Census of Cambodia 2011 Kampong Cham; Economic Census of Cambodia

2011 PreyVeng (National Institute of Statistics, 2013a) Author Vuth Phanna

with the work “International economic integration with economic

restructuring of Cambodia” (2008), National Economics University Tbong

Khmum Province Report “Brief Analysis of Tboung Khmum Province Final

Results of General Population Census of Cambodia 2008” Vann Varth with

the work “Research on the influence of land policy on land use planning and

management in Mondulkiri province – Cambodia” (2012), Hanoi University

of Agriculture Serey Mardy with the work “Research on sustainable

agricultural development in Svay Rieng province, Cambodia” (2014),

Vietnam Academy of Agriculture Group of documents of Cambodia

Investment Board (CIB), “Svay Rieng Province Investment Information”;

“Prey Veng Province Investment Information” Published by: Open

Development Cambodia (2014)…

1.3 Evaluation of the research works and the issues raised for further research in the thesis

1.3.1 Evaluation of research works related to the thesis

Firstly, for the group of joint research works on the relationship between

Vietnam and Cambodia These works help researchers see the overall picture

of the relationship between the two countries, on that basis, approach and study international relations at the local level

Secondly, for the research works on the situation of Tay Ninh, Binh

Phuoc and Cambodia's border provinces: This group of works provides direct materials for the thesis in the fields as shown in the Fig status of socio-economic development of each province, pointing out advantages and disadvantages in socio-economic development However, these works rarely mention the bilateral relationship between the bordering provinces on both sides of the border

Third, a number of research works have direct value to the author's thesis

such as: “Ethnic relations on both sides of the Vietnam - Cambodia national

border” by Phan An; “Strategy for development of border trade in Tay Ninh province, period 2015 – 2020 and vision for 2030” by Le Cao Thanh; “The cross-border ethnic relations of some ethnic minorities in Binh Phuoc and Tay Ninh provinces” by Vo Cong Nguyen these are very valuable works in

terms of knowledge as well as material In his thesis, the PhD student used the results of investigations and surveys of the authors to demonstrate the relationship in the socio-cultural field

1.3.2 Issues that need further research

Firstly, the thesis researches and analyzes the premises that create the

basis for the relationship, which focuses on premises such as: Geographical location, similarities in natural conditions, as well as culture, culture and population; The need for exchange and trade of residents and businesses, the need for cooperation in maintaining security and order in the border

Secondly, the thesis focuses on stating and analyzing the current situation

of the relationship between the two provinces of Tay Ninh, Binh Phuoc and the border provinces of Cambodia in the period from 1991 to 2015 in the fields of economy, politics, and national defense– security and culture – society

Thirdly, the thesis synthesizes, analyzes, comprehensively and

systematically evaluates the achievements and limitations of the relationship between the two provinces of Tay Ninh, Binh Phuoc and the border provinces

of Cambodia

CHAPTER 2 BASIS OF COOPERATIVE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE SOUTHEAST BORDER PROVINCE OF VIETNAM AND THE

PROVINCE NEARING CAMBODIA

2.1 Basis of geographical location and natural conditions

In general, in terms of geographical location and natural conditions, the Southeast border provinces of Vietnam and the eastern border provinces of Cambodia are located in a unified geographical entity with many similar characteristics natural economic conditions Because of the advantages of geographical location and natural conditions, it is easy to build a system of border gates, cross-border roads, trails and openings that thrive in Tay Ninh and Binh Phuoc provinces That is considered an important basis to promote the relationship between the two provinces of Tay Ninh and Binh Phuoc with the opposite provinces of Cambodia

to 1975 In general, the relationship between the bordering provinces of the two sides during this period showed that the government and the people of the bordering provinces of the two sides cooperated, supported and assisted each other in the main resistance

2.6.2 The relationship between the Southeast border provinces of Vietnam and the provinces bordering Cambodia in the period of 1975 -

1991

During this period, the relationship between the two provinces of Tay Ninh and Binh Phuoc and the provinces bordering Cambodia in the period from 1975 to before 1991 was very complicated In the early period from

2.3 Legal basis

The relationship between the Southeast border provinces of Vietnam and the provinces bordering Cambodia is part of the overall relationship of the two countries Therefore, the cooperation agreement documents signed between the Governments of the two countries are an important legal basis for the authorities of the two provinces of Tay Ninh, Binh Phuoc and the neighboring provinces of Cambodia to implement at the highest level, localities to strengthen relations on the basis of equality and mutual benefit, for the benefit of the people of the two provinces

2.4 Security - defense facilities

In general, on the whole border line passing through the provinces of Tay Ninh, Binh Phuoc (Vietnam) with five provinces bordering Cambodia from the point of view of security - national defense in the period 1991 to 2015, there are still many weaknesses, unstable factors (borderline is not clearly demarcated, cross-border crime, encroachment, invasion, violation of border sovereignty ) Therefore, there is a need in the relationship in the field of defense - security between the two provinces of Tay Ninh and Binh Phuoc and the provinces bordering Cambodia

2.5 Economic basis

From the analysis of the current situation of economic development in the two provinces of Tay Ninh and Binh Phuoc and five provinces bordering

Cambodia, there are a number of outstanding features: (i) Between the two

provinces of Tay Ninh and Binh Phuoc on the Vietnamese side Five provinces bordering Cambodia have under uneven economic development

(ii) There are comparative advantages between the bordering provinces that

can complement each other, cooperate with each other in the field it is this feature that creates an inevitable need in the relationship among the provinces border on both sides

2.6 Cultural and social facilities

For an overview of the characteristics of residents, culture and religion in the two provinces of Tay Ninh and Binh Phuoc with the provinces bordering

Cambodia, it can be seen that: Firstly, the community of residents in the

border area on both sides of the border It is a place where many ethnic groups live together and they have the same ethnic origin as the Vietnamese, Khmer, and Cham communities This is considered a fundamental factor for

cross-border relations Secondly, the border communities of the two sides

have lived, lived and interacted with each other for a long time in history, they are inherently neighbors This relationship is a solid foundation for the two peoples and countries to build a relationship of peace, friendship and long-term sustainable cooperation

Sub-conclusion of chapter 2

By analyzing the premise of the cooperation relationship between the two Southeast border provinces of Vietnam, Tay Ninh and Binh Phuoc, and the five provinces bordering Cambodia on all factors, it proves that this relationship occurs arising from the practical needs of the government and people between the bordering provinces of the two sides That demand comes from factors that are typical of the area such as geographical adjacency, similarities in natural conditions and cultural and population characteristics, etc Thanks to favorable factors Meanwhile, the relationship between the border provinces of Southeast Vietnam and the border provinces of Cambodia took place very early and also experienced many ups and downs, with many unexpected events