Cấu trúc đảo ngữ tự viết

Các cấu trúc đảo ngữ và cấu trúc tương đương. Bài tập cấu trúc đảo ngữ và cấu trúc tương đương rất có lợi cho học sinh thi học sinh giỏi, nâng cao kĩ năng ngữ pháp tiếng anh.

Ôn Tập Tiếng Anh

Cấu Trúc Đảo Ngữ

1 Đảo ngữ thường gặp khi viết lại câu

a) SO-SUCH

Hình thức: *S+be/V+so+adj/adv+that+clause.

=So+adj/adv+be/do

*S+be+such+(a/an)+adj+N+that+clause

=Such+a/an+adj+N+be+S+that+clause

Ví dụ: *He worked so hard in the past that he is now weak.

=So hard did he work in the past that he is now weak/

*The question was so great that he had to think it over

=Shuch great question was it that he had to think it over

b) NEVER-AT NO TIME.

Hình thức: S+have/has+never+V_pp before/in one’s lìe/again…

=Never/ At no time+before/in one’s life/again+have/has+S+V_pp (Nếu trong câu có before/in one’s life/ thì ta đưa lên với never)

Ví dụ: She has neverr been so happy before.

=Never before has she been so happy

c) HARDLY-NO SOONER

Hình thức:S+had+hardly+V_pp+…+when+clause

=Hardly+had+S+V_pp+…+when+clause (Vừa mới…thì đã)

=No sooner +had+S+V_pp+…than+clause

Ví dụ: He had hardly left the office when the telephone rang

=Hardly had he left the office when the telephone rang

=No sooner had he left the office than…

d) ONLY WHEN-NOT UNTIL

Hình thức: *Only when+S+V/V_aux+S+V (chỉ khi làm gì)

*[Not until+N+V_aux+S+V (Mãi đến khi)

[Not until+Clause+V_aux+S+V (Cho đến khi)

Ví dụ:*I didn’t know she had been well-known untilmy friends told me.

=Only when my friends told me did I know she had been well-know

*Man didn’t fly into space until the early 1960s

=Not until the early 1960s did man fly into space

*They couldn’t go on working until the rain stopped

=Not until the rain stopped could they go on working

e) NOT ONLY-BUT ALSO

Hình thức: Not only+V_aux+S+V_inf+…but+S+also+V…

Ví dụ: He spent all his money He even borrowed some from me.

=Not only did he spend all his money but he also borrowed from me

f) IT WAS NOT UNTIL

Hình thức: S+didn’t+V_inf+…until…

=It was not until+mốc thời gian+that+S+V_ed (Mãi cho đến khi…thì) =Not until+Mốc thời gian+did+S+Vinf

Ví dụ: She didn’t become a teacher until 1990

= It was not until 1990 that she become a teacher

= Not until 1990 did she become a teacher

2 Bài Tập

He spent all his money He even borrowed some from me

Not only _

2 He had hardly left the office when the telephone rang

No sooner

3 I had only just put the phone down when the boss rang back

Hardly _

4 He didn’t finish his work until the bell rang

Not until _

5 We only began to see the symptoms of the disease after several months Only

6 I have never seen anyone in my life drink as much as you

Never _

7 The facts were not all made public until later

Only

8 The response to our appeal was so great that we has to take on more staff Such

9 Harry broke his leg, and also injured his shoulder

Not only

10 The snowfall was so heavy that all the trains had to be cancelled

So

11 As soon as I got into the bath, someone knocked at the door

No sooner _

12 There was so much uncertainty that the financial markets remained closed Such _

13 It’s not common for there to be so much rain in March

Seldom

14 You won’t allowed in until your identify has been checked

Only _∀

15 Just after the play started there was a power failure

Hardly

16 The way so much money has been spent to so little purpose must be a record Never before

Cấu Trúc Tương Đương

1 Cấu trúc của run out of.

Form: S+run out of+something

=S+don’t have anything

=S+be+empty

Example: We’ve run out of tea

=There tea is empty

=We don’t have any tea

2 Tường thuật với denied.

Form: It+be+certainly/surely+wasn’t+O+who+V+…

=S+denied+V_ing… (tường thuật lại ý phủ định)

Example: “It certainly wasn’t me who took your car!” said Bob

=Bob denied taking my car

3 Cấu trúc Sure= Must have

Form: S+ be sure +V_past+…

=S+must |have+V_pp

|not+V_pp

Example: I’m sure he was at home last night.

=He must have been at home last night

4.Cấu trúc với posssible và Pershaps

Form: It is possoble that+ S+ V_past

=S+think+perhaps+S+V_past

=S+can/could/might/may+have+V_pp

Example: I think perhaps she was there last ngight.

=she can have been there last night

5 Because of…

Form: S1+V1+Because of/Owning to/Due to+V_ing/N

=S1+V1+because+as+since+S2+V2

Example: he wasn’t allowed to come in because he was late.

=Due to being late, he wasn’t allowed allowed to come in

6.Make

Form: *S+made+O+V_pp

=Force+O to V_inf

*S+be+adj

=S+make+O+adj

Example: *Why was she late?

=What makes she late?

*They make him wait for two hours

=He was made to wait for two hours

7 It’s high time

Form: It’s high time+S+past subjunctive

=S+should/ had better/ ought to+V_inf

Example: You really should be able to dress yourself by now.

=It’s high time you dressed yourself by now

8 Not only… But also

Form: S+V+both… and

=S+V+O/C+and+O/C

=S+V+and+S+V

=S+V+not only… but also

Example: You are both funny and witty.

=You are not only funny and witty

=You are funny and witty

9 Causative form.

Form:

1 Causative active: S+get/ask/request/want+S.O do S.T =S+have+S.O+to do Sth

2 Causative passive: =S+have Sth+P.P

Example: Someone is going to repair my TV set tomorrow.

=I am going to have my Tv set repaired tomorrow

10 USED TO.

Form:

a) S+don’t / doesn’t + V_inf +…… any more

=S+used to+V_inf+…

=S+stop+V_ing+…

=S+NO LONGER+v+…

=S+V+….+any longer

=S+give up+V_ing+……

b) Tobe used to:

S+be accustomed to+V_ing

=S+often+V

=S+be used to+V_ing

Example: They once started these machines by hand.

=They used to star these machines by hand *I often get up early

=I am used to getting earlyy

*Working a large office is a new experience for me =I am not used to working a large office

Form: whose+N+be+N?

(cái… của ai)

=Who+ do/does+N+belong to?

( cái….thuộc của ai?)

Example: Whose cars are these?

= Who do these cars belong to?

12 Be necessary and have to

Form: *S+don’t need to+V….

=S+don’t have to

=S+be+not necessary/poinless

*There is no need to

=S+needn’t ……

Example: It isn’t necessary to shout

=You don’t need to shout

13 Would rather+clause and id only

Form: *If only + |Past subjctive.

|Past perfect subjunctive

*S+would rather+S+subjuntive

Example: What a pity he didn’t spend more time revising

= It only he had spent more time revising

Một số cấu trúc khác

1 S + be + adj + prep = S + V + adv

Eg: My students are very good at Mathematics

-> My students study Mathematics well

2 S + remember + to do Sth = S + don’t forget + to do Sth

-> I remember to have a Maths test tomorrow

I don't forget to have a Maths test tomorrow

3 It + be + adj = What + a + adj + N!

-> It was an interesting film

What an interesting film

4 S + V + adv = How + adj + S + be

-> She washes clothes quickly

How quick she is to wash clothes

5 S + be + ing-adj = S + be +ed-adj

6 S + V = S + be + ed-adj

7 S + V + Khoảng thời gian = It + take + (sb) + Khoảng thời gian + to + V

She have learned English for 5 years

-> It take her 5 year to learn English

8 S + be + too + adj + (for s.o) + to + V = S + be + so + adj + that + S + can’t + V

-> The water is too hot for Peter to drink

The water is so hot that Peter can't drink

9 S + V + too + adv + to + V = S + V + so + adv + that + S + can’t + V

10 S + be + so + adj + that + S + V = S + be + not + adj + enough + to + V

11 S + be + too + adj + to + V = S + be + not + adj + enough + to + V

12 S + V + so + adv + that + S + V = It + V + such + (a/an) + N(s) + that + S +V

-> He speaks so soft that we can’t hear anything.

He does not speak soft

13 Because + clause = Because of + noun/gerund

Because she is absent her from school

-> Because of her absence from school

14 Although + clause = In spite of + Nound/gerund

15 Although + clause = Despite + Nound/gerund

16 S + V + N = S + be + adj

17 S + be + adj = S + V + O

18 S + be accustomed to + Ving = S + be used to +Ving /N

19 S + often + V = S + be used to +Ving /N

-> Nana often cried when she meets with difficulties

Nana is used to crying when she meets with difficulties

20 This is the first time + S + have + PII = S+be + not used to + Ving/N

-> This is the first time I have seen so many people crying at the end of the movie

I was not used to seeing so many people crying at the end of the movie

21 S + would prefer = S + would rather S + Past subjunctive (lối cầu khẩn)

22 S + like sth/doing sth better than sth/doing sth = S + would rather + V + than + V

= S + prefer sth/doing sth to sth/doing sth

-> I prefer going shoping to playing volleyball

I would rather go shoping than play volleyball

23 S + V + O = S + find + it (unreal objective) + adj + to + V

24 It’s one’s duty to do sth = S + be + supposed to do sth

25 S + be + PII + to + V = S + be + supposed to do sth

26 Imperative verb (mệnh lệnh)= S + should (not) + be + PII

27 Imperative verb (mệnh lệnh)= S + should (not) + do sth

28 S + like sth = S + be + fond of + sth

-> I like do collecting stamps

I'm fond of collecting stamps

29 I + let + O + do sth = S + allow + S.O + to do Sth

-> My boss let him be on leave for wedding

My boss allow him to be on leave for wedding

30 S + once + past verb = S + would to + do sth

31 S + present verb (negative) any more = S + would to + do sth

32 S + V + because + S + V = S + V + to + infinitive

-> She studies hard because she wants to pass the final examination She studies hard to pass the final examination

33 S + V + so that/ in order that+ S + V = S + V + to + infinitive

34 To infinitive or gerund + be + adj = It + be + adj + to + V

35 S + V + and + S + V = S + V + both and

36 S + V + not only + but also = S + V + both and

37 S + V + both and = S + V + not only but also

-> He translated fast and correctly

He translated not only fast but also correctly

38 S1+simple present+and+S2+simple futher =If+S1 + simple present + S2 + simple futher

39 S1+didn’t + V1 + Because + S2 + didn’t + V2 = If Clause

40 Various facts given = Mệnh đề if thể hiện điều trái ngược thực tế

41 S1 + V1 + if + S2 + V2(phủ định)= S1 + V1 + Unless + S2 + V2 (khẳng định)

42 S + V + O = S + be + noun + when + adj clause

43 S + V + O = S + be + noun + where + adj clause.

44 S + V + O = S + be + noun + whom + adj clause

45 S + V + O = S + be + noun + which + adj clause

46.S + V + O = S + be + noun + that + adj clause

47 S + V + if + S + V (phu dinh) = S + V + unless + S + V (khang dinh)

48 S + be + scared of sth = S + be + afraid of + sth

49 Let’s + V = S + suggest + that + S + present subjunctive

50 In my opinion = S + suggest + that + S + present subjunctive

(quan điểm của tôi)

51 S + advise = S + suggest + that + S + present subjunctive

52 Why don’t you do sth? = S + suggest + that + S + present subjunctive

53 S + get + sb + to do sth = S + have + sb + do sth

-> She gets him to spend more time with her

She have him spend more time with her

54 S + aks + sb + to do sth = S + have + sb + do sth

-> Police asked him to identify the other man in the next room Police have him identify the other man in the next room

55 S + request + sb + to do sth= S + have + sb + do sth

-> The teacher request students to learn by heart this poem The teacher have students laern by heart this poem

56 S + want + sb + to do sth = S + have + sb + do sth

-> I want her to lend me

I have her lend me

57 S + V + no + N = S + be + N-less

-> She always speaks no care

She is always careless about her words.

58 S + be + adj + that + S + V = S + be + adj + to + V

-> Study is necessary that you will get a good life in the future

Study is necessary to get a good life in the future

2 Bài tập

1 Your house is bigger than mine

My house

2 He did his homework , then he went to bed

After

3 Jane doesn’t speak English as well as Peter

Peter

4 DaLat is one of a famous landscapes in Vietnam.I spent my holiday there

I spent

5 The manager asked me to come to his office

The manager said

6 He asked me where he could find her in that town

He said

7 She asked me not to be late

She said to me

8 The train couldn’t run because of the snow

The snow

9 Nam laughed a lot when I told him the joke.

The joke

10 The police continued to watch the house

The police carried

11 Mr John gave an interesting speech

Mr John spoke

12 The sight was right in front of him but he didn’t notice it

Although

13 The woman was terribly upset Her dog was run over

The woman whose

14 Let’s go abroard for our holiday this year

Why

15 I fall asleep as the film was so boring

I fall asleep because of

16 My students are very good at Mathematic

My students study

17 This is the most modern building in this area

No building

18 I asked the students to complete these tasks yesterday

I had these

19 John drives more carefully than his brother

John’s brother doesn’t

420 They were such difficult questions that we couldn’t answer them

The questions were so .

21 Lan didn’t go to the school last Monday because she was sick

Because of

22 Wy don’t you bring your brother to the party?

I suggest