bài tập multiple choice

In the19th century, the railway in Britain 9……..something more than just the business of carrying goods and passengers.. Nowadays, not many people know about Prince Borghese, but at the

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1

The early railway in Britain

In 1830, there were under 100 miles of public railway in Britain Yet within 20 years, this (0)…… had grown to more than 5,000 miles By the end of the century, almost enough rail track to (1) the

world covered this small island, (2) the nature of travel for ever and contributing to the industrial

revolution that changed the (3) of history in many parts of the world

Wherever railways were introduced, economic and social progress quickly (4) In a single day, rail passengers could travel hundreds of miles, (5) previous journey times by huge margins and bringing rapid travel within the (6) of ordinary people Previously, many people had never ventured (7)…….the outskirts of their towns and villages The railway brought them (8) freedom and enlightenment

In the19th century, the railway in Britain (9)…… something more than just the business

of carrying goods and passengers Trains were associated with romance, adventure and,

frequently,(10)…… luxury The great steam locomotives that thundered across the land were the jet airliners of their (11) , carrying passengers in comfort over vast distances in unimaginably short times But the railways (12) more than revolutionise travel; they also (13)…… a distinctive

and permanent mark on the British landscape Whole towns and industrial centres (14)…… up

around major rail junctions, monumental bridges and viaducts crossed rivers and valleys and the

railway stations themselves became (15)…… places to spend time between journeys

0 A amount B figure C sum D quantity

1 A revolve B enclose C encircle D orbit

2 A altering B amending C adapting D adjusting

4 A pursued B followed C succeeded D chased

5 A cancelling B subtracting C cutting D abolishing

6 A reach B capacity C facility D hold

7 A further B over C beyond D above

8 A larger B higher C bigger D greater

9 A served B functioned C represented D performed

10 A considerable B generous C plentiful D sizeable

12 A caused B did C produced D turned

13 A laid B set C settled D left

14 A jumped B stood C burst D sprang

15 A preferable B liked C desirable D wanted

2

Driving from Beijing to Paris

Every (0) begins with a single step.' We might (1) this proverb for the 16,000 km Beijing

to Paris car rally, and say that every rally begins with a (2) of the wheel From China, several hundred courageous men and women will (3) out for Paris in pursuit of what, for many, is

likely to prove an impossible (4) Everybody is prepared for the worst and expects a high

drop-out (5) , especially on the rally's difficult first (6) across central China and over the

high mountain (7) of the Himalayas `If twenty-five cars (8) it to Paris, we'll be doing well,' says Philip Young, the rally organiser.

Now planned as an annual event, the first Beijing-Paris car rally took place in 1907 It was won

by Prince Borghese, an Italian adventurer, who crossed the (9) line just a few metres (10)

of the only other car to complete the race Nowadays, not many people know about Prince

Borghese, but at the time his achievement was (11) as comparable to that of Marco Polo,

who travelled from Venice to China in the thirteenth century According to the (12) , all the cars in the rally must be more than thirty years old, which means that the (13) roads and high altitude are a (14) test of both the cars and the drivers A sense of adventure is essential

One driver said,`Our (15) is to have a good time, enjoy the experience and the magnificent

scenery - and the adventure of a lifetime.'

0 A journey B travel C route D way

1 A adapt B moderate C improve D form

2 A revolution B circle C rotation D turn

4 A vision B fantasy C hope D dream

5 A rate B number C speed D frequency

6 A period B stage C time D round

7 A crossings B passes C directions D passages

9 A closing B final C ending D finishing

10 A forward B ahead C front D advance

11A thought B referred C regarded D noted

12A orders B rules C laws D customs

13 A crude B undeveloped C broken D rough

14 A firm B strict C severe D grave

15 A aim B target C proposal D intent

is

able to learn about the wearer's feet and (8) up a picture of the size of his or her feet throughout the day It will allow the shoes to change in size by up to 8% so that they always fit (9) They are obviously more comfortable and less likely to (10)…blisters From an athlete's point of view, they can help improve (11) a little, and that is why the first (12)… for the system is likely to be in a sports shoe Eventually, this system will find a (13)… in other household items, from beds that automatically change to fit the person sleeping in them, to power tools that (14) … themselves to the user's hand for better grip There is no reason why the system couldn't be adapted for use in hundreds of consumer (15)

0 A adjust B fit C reform D move

1 A assortment B version C style D variety

2 A prove B confirm C inspect D check

4 A amplifies B develops C expands D increases

5 A located B sited C established D laid

6 A detects B finds C meets D faces

7 A average B general C usual D medium

8 A build B pick C grow D set

9 A exactly B absolutely C completely D totally

10 A provoke B form C initiate D cause

11 A achievement B performance C success D winning

12 A purpose B exercise C use D operation

13 A function B part C way D place

14 A shape B change C respond D convert

15 A commodities B possessions C goods D objects

4

We really can tell if we are being watched

Stories about how people somehow know when they are being watched have been going around for years However, few (0)… have been made to investigate the phenomenon

scientifically Now, with the completion of the largest ever study of the so-called staring

effect, there is impressive evidence that this is a recognisable and (1) sixth sense The study (2) hundreds of children For the experiments, they sat with their eyes (3) so they could not see, and with their backs to other children, who were told to either stare at them or look away Timeand time again the results showed that the children who could not see were able to (4) when

they were being stared at In a (5) of more than 18,000 trials(6)…… worldwide, the children(7)…… sensed when they were being watched almost 70% of the time The experiment was repeated with the (8) precaution of putting the children who were being watched outside theroom, (9)… from the starers by the windows This was done just in case there was some

(10) going on with the children telling each other whether they were looking or not This

(11) the possibility of sounds being (12) between the children The results, though less

impressive, were more or less the same Dr Sheldrake, the biologist who designed the study,

believes that the results are (13)….enough to find out through further experiments (14)… howthe staring effect might actually (15)

0 A tries B tests C attempts D aims

1 A genuine B accepted C received D sure

2 A involved B contained C comprised D enclosed

3 A shaded B wrapped C masked D covered

4 A find B notice C tell D reveal

5 A sum B collection C mass D total

6 A worked over B worked through C carried on D carried out

7 A correctly B exactly C thoroughly D perfectly

8 A attached B added C connected D increased

9 A separated B parted C split D divided

10 A pretending B lying C cheating D deceiving

11 A prevented B omitted C evaded D ended

12 A delivered B transported C transmitted D distributed

13 A satisfying B convincing C concluding D persuading

14 A really B carefully C definitely D precisely

15 A come about B be looked at C set out D be held up

5

PAPER

Just (0)….a day without paper,' reads one advertisement for a Finnish paper company It adds,

`You almost (1) see our products every day.' And they're right But in most industrial countries, people are a]so (2) to paper - whether it's for holding their groceries, for drying their hands or

for

(3) them with the daily news - that its (4) in their dailylives passes largely unnoticed At one

(5)….paper was in short supply and was used mainly for important documents, but more recently,

growing economies and new technologies have (6) a dramatic increase in the (7) of paper used Today, there are more than 450 different grades of paper, all designed for a different (8)

Decades ago, some people predicted a `paperless office' (9) , the widespread use of new technologies has gone hand-in-hand with an increased use of paper Research into the relationship between paper use and the use of computers has shown that the general (10) is likely to be one

of growth and interdependence

However, the costs (11) in paper production, in terms of the world's land, water and air resources, are high This (12) some important questions How much paper do we really need and how much is wasted?

0 A believe B imagine C realise D suppose

1 A positively B obviously C certainly D absolutely

2 Aconscious B acquainted C familiar D accustomed

3 A providing B delivering C contributing D giving

4 A task B operation C service D role

5 A time B instance C date D occasion

6 A called on B come around C brought about D drawn up

7 A total B portion C number D amount

8 A point B goal C purpose D result

9 A Instead B Besides C Otherwise D Alternatively

10 A method B order C trend D system

6

THE MUSTARD SHOP

Norwich, a city in the east of England, is a (0) shopping centre for thousands of people In particular, visitors love to (1) the small, unusual shops hidden away in Norwich's narrow streets The Mustard

Shop is usually high on everybody's (2) of interesting shops to see

The (3) between mustard, a type of sauce, and Norwich (4) back to the nineteenth century Jeremiah Colman began to make mustard in 1814 in a nearby village The yellow fields, full of ustard flowers whose seeds were required for Colman's factory, soon changed the appearance of the local (5) The company (6) rapidly and in 1854 it moved to a suburb on the (7) of Norwich By this time, Colman's mustard was famous in many countries The company is still in (8) and many people continue to enjoy eating mustard with meat, cheese and other food

In 1973, the company opened The Mustard Shop It is a careful reproduction of a typical mustardshop of a hundred years ago and sells a wide (9) of mustards Upstairs there is a small museumwhere visitors can (10) a collection of old Colman's posters and an exhibition (11) the history of mustard

It is a shop not to be (12) when visiting Norwich

0 A known B common C popular D normal

1 A explore B enquire C research D analyse

2 A account B brochure C list D guide

3 A joinn B tie C union D link

4 A comes Bgoes C belongs D leads

5 A view B scenery C background D nature

6 A expanded B enlarged C increased D strengthened

7 A limits B frontiers C sides D outskirts

8 A reality B fact C existence D force

9 A amount B extent C range D set

10 A review B watch C examine D remark

11 A explaining B announcing C expressing D discovering

12 A unnoticed B missed C escaped D left

7

THE PERFORMING ARTS

In the past, British children were frequently encouraged to try out their performing skills for the (0)

of adults They did this by reading aloud, acting or (1) a musical instrument As they (2) up they were taken to public places of entertainment - the theatre, opera, circus or ballet They looked forward

0 A advantage B benefit C profit D gain

1 A controlling B handling C doing D playing

2 A developed B grew C advanced D brought

3 A circumstances B occasions C incidents D situations

4 A sensation B action C thrill D excitement

5 A supply B send C stock D store

6 A applicable B convenient C available D free

7 A designs B inventions C exhibits D appearances

8 A special B peculiar C specific D particular

9 A attendance B presence C being D company

10 A spectators B onlookers C viewers D listeners

11 A want B appeal C pressure D desire

12 A famous B favourite C popular D approved 8

SHOPPING MALLS

Victor Gruen, an American architect, revolutionised shopping in the 1950s by creating

the type of shopping centre that we now (0) a shopping mall

Gruen's (1) was to provide a pleasant, quiet and spacious shopping environment withlarge car parks, which usually (2) building in the suburbs He also wanted people to beable to shop in all kinds of weather He (3) on using building designs that he knewpeople

would feel (4) with, but placed them in landscaped `streets' that were entirely enclosed andoften covered with a curved glass roof This was done to (5) some of the older shoppingarcades of city centres, but while these housed only small speciality shops, Gruen's shoppingmalls were on a much grander (6)

Access to the whole shopping mall was gained by using the main doors, which (7) the shopping `streets' from the parking (8) outside As there was no need to (9)…out bad

weather, shops no longer needed windows and doors, and people could wander (10) fromshop to shop In many cities, shopping malls now (11) much more than just shops;cinemas, restaurants and other forms of entertainment are also (12) in popularity

0 A consider B know C call D label

1 A direction B aim C search D view

2 A resulted B sought C intended D meant

3 A insisted B demanded C requested D emphasised

4 A favourable B agreeable C comfortable D enviable

5 A model B imitate C repeat D shadow

6 A measure B height C size D scale

7 A disconnected B withdrew C separated D parted

8 A strips B lines C areas D plots

9 A hold B get C stay D keep

10 A freely B loosely C simply D entirely

11 A contain B concern C consist D compose

12 A becoming B growing C raising D advancing

9

TALKING RUBBISH

Reduce! Re-use! Recycle!The message hits Canadian (0)……… through all the media

As newcomers from Sri Lanka, we compare the situation here with the one back home Wemay not be the most environmentally (1) …citizens in the world but, compared with this,

we do not have a rubbish problem - yet

Like many shoppers in Colombo, my partner Shahid and I used to have a cane basket we (2)…with us to the Sunday market or pola every week No environmentalist could have (3) …about it You need a good strong basket at the po/a There are no supermarket (4)… to push around Most Items - rice, flour, vegetables, fruit, biscuits, eggs - are bought (5)or wrapped in newspaper At (6) …we would carry one plastic bag separately For eggs we took a reusable plastic tray with us.When income (7)…are low, people need to buy in small quantities It is quite normal to ask for a (8)… envelope, two eggs or 100 grams of sugar The (9)… is that, for the most part, urban consumers in Sri Lanka cannot afford the luxury of waste Most people do not buy more from thegrocers than they know they will actually consume.They re-use whatever they can and are loath to

discard bags, jars, tins or boxes that can be (10) to other uses

But in recent years Western-style supermarkets have begun to spring up in Colombo They hold out the (11)…of a clean, efficient, streamlined service to customers A (12)… of imported goods, dressed up in their layers of attractive, colourful (13)… beckons from the shelves These are the

(14)…products that demand your attention on the TV advertisements (15)… , with them, Sri Lanka, like so many otherdeveloping countries, may have imported a problem that once never

0 A customers B consumers C clients D buyers

1.A qualified B concerned C worried D experienced 2.A took over B took away C took along D took up 3.A complained B criticised C disapproved D accused 4.A wheel barrows B wagons C trolleys D carriages 5.A free B in pieces C bit by bit D loose

6.A maximum B most C highest D best

7.A rates B amounts C sizes D levels

8.A simple B singular C single D sole

9.A point B case C example D question 10.A made B set C given D put

11.A promise B advantage C evidence D sight

12.A set B range C store D band

13.A packets B packs C packaging D padding

14.A very B just C similar D likely

15.A In addition B As well C Among D Along

Few inventors have (4) such an impact on everyday life, and many of his inventions played acrucial(5) in the development of modern technology One should never (6)…how

revolutionary

some of Edison's inventions were

In many ways, Edison is the perfect example of an inventor - that is, not just someone who(7) up clever gadgets, but someone whose products transform the lives of millions Hepossessedthe key characteristics that an inventor needs to (8)…… a success of inventions,notably sheer determination Edison famously tried thousands of materials while working

on a new type of battery, reacting to failure by cheerfully (9) to his colleagues: 'Well,(10) we know 8,000 things that don't work.' Knowing when to take no (11) of experts

is also important Edison's proposal for electric lighting circuitry was (12) with totaldisbelief by eminent scientists, until he lit up whole streets with his lights

0 A joined B held C were D took

1 A.turned out B.came off C.went out D.put off

2 A.marked B.distinguished C.noted D.indicated

3 A.whole B.full C.entire D.all

4 A.put B.had C.served D.set

5 A.effect B.place C.role D.share

6 A.underestimate B.lower C.decrease D.mislead

7 A.creates B.shapes C.dreams D.forms

8 A.gain B.make C.achieve D.get

9 A.announcing B.informing C.instructing D.notifying

10 A.by far B.at least C.even though D.for all

11 Anotice B.regard C.attention D.view

12 Agathered B.caught C.drawn D.received

11

Under the city streets

While skyscraper offices and elegant apartment blocks remain the public (0) of most major cities, these cities also have a mass of secret tunnels and hidden pipes below ground which keep everything working.This other world exists, forgotten or neglected by all but a tiny (1) of engineers and historians

For example, there are more than 150 kilometres of rivers under the streets of London Most have been

(2) over and, sadly, all that (3) is their names Perhaps the greatest (4) to the city is the River Fleet, a (5) great river which previously had beautiful houses on its (6) It now goes underground in the north of the city and (7) into the River Thames by Blackfriars Bridge

The London Underground (8) 1,000 kilometres of underground railway track winding under the capital

and more than 100 stations below street level Along some underground railway lines, commuters can sometimes catch a (9) glimpse of the platforms of more than 40 closed stations which have been left under the city (10) some are used as film sets, most (11) forgotten Some have had their

entrances

on the street turned into restaurants and shops, but most entrances have been (12) down

0 A face B outline C surface D top

1 A.number Bamount Ctotal D.few

2 A.covered B.protected C.hidden D.sheltered

3 A.stays B.stops C.remains D.keeps

4 A.miss B.absence C.waste D.loss

5 A.once B.past C.then D prior

6 A.borders B.coasts C.banks D.rims

7 A.gets B.flows C.leaks D.lets

8 A.holds B.contains C.has D.consists

9 A.rapid B.brief C.fast D.sharp

10 A.Despite B.Unless C.Although D.Since

11 A.lie B.last C.ive D.lay

12 A.pulled B.broken C.brought D.cut

12

A good start to a holiday

I had never been to Denmark before, and when I set out to (0) the ferry in early May, I little (1) that by the

end of the trip I'd have made such lasting friendships

I wanted to (2) my time well, so I had planned a route which would (3) several small islands and various

parts of the countryside I arrived at Esbjerg, a (4) port for a cyclist's arrival, where tourist information can

be

obtained and money changed A cycle track (5) out of town and own to Ribe, where I spent my first night

In my (6) , a person travelling alone sometimes meets with unexpected hospitality, and this trip was no (7) .In Ribe, I got into conversation with a cheerful man who turned (8) to be the local baker He insisted that I should (9) his family for lunch, and, while we were eating, he contacted his daughter in Odense Within minutes, he had (10) for me to visit her and her family Then I was(11) on my way with a fresh loaf

of bread to keep me (12) and the feeling that this would turn out to be a wonderful holiday

0 A catch B pick C find D gain

1 A.wondered B.suspected C.doubted D judged

2 A.take B.serve C exercise D use

3 A.Include B.contain C enclose D consist

4 A.capable B.ready C favourable D convenient

5 A.leads B.rides C moves D connects

6 A.experience B.knowledge C observation D information

7 A.difference B.change C exception D contrast

8 A.up B.out C in D over

9 A.greet B.see C join D approach

10 A.arranged B.fixed C settled D ordered

11 A.passed B.sent C begun D put

12 A.doing B.making C being D going

rock will (4) Mountaineers climb in groups of three or four, each climber at a distance of

approximately six metres from the next Usually one person climbs while the other climbers (5) hold of the rope The most experienced climber goes first and (6) the otherclimbers which way to

go, making the rope secure so that it is (7) for the others to follow

With much mountain climbing, snow skills (8) a very important part Ice axes are used for 9) steps

into the snow and for testing the ground Climbers always tie themselves together so that, if the leader

falls, he or she can be held by the others and (10) back to safety The number of dangers (11) byclimbers is almost endless And the (12) of oxygen at high altitudes makeslife even more difficult for

mountaineers

0 A priceless B.rewarding C precious D prized

1 A.own B.hold C.control D.possess

2 A.requires B.insists C.calls D.orders

3 A.work B.try C.stand Dset

4 A.supply B.provide C.support D.offer

5 A.keep B.stay C.continue D.maintain

6 A.indicates B.signals C.points D.shows

7 A.safe B.sure C.dependable D.reliable

8 A.act B.do C.play D.make

9A.cutting B.tearing C.breaking D.splitting

10 A.given B.pulled C.put D.sent

11 A.marked B touched C.felt D.faced

12 A.need B.gap C.lack D.demand

14

FRIDAY THE THIRTEENTH

Police are hunting for a hit-and-run driver who knocked a teenage cyclist off her bike in EastStreet Sarah Tucker, 17, had a lucky (0) on Friday, 13th May, when she was sent reeling by ablack Volvo on her way home from work

She bruised her thigh and shoulder and her bicycle was (1) The driver stopped for a moment but then drove off without (2) a name or address and before Sarah could get his number "I tried to

(3) out of his way, but I couldn't," she said "Everyone at work kept (4) on about it being Friday 13th I'm not a bit (5)… and wouldn't change any of my plans just because Friday 13th is supposed

to

be unlucky, I don't usually take any (6) of that sort of thing but I will now I think I'll stay in bed."

The accident(7)….at the (8)…with Westwood Road at about 6.30pm as Sarah was making her (9) home to the Harley Estate The Volvo (10) out of Westwood Road onto Henley Road in front of the teenager's bicycle "He could at (11) have helped her up I don't see why he should get away with it," said her

father, Derek "Sarah was lucky I don't know why the driver didn't see her He can't have been (12)

….attention

It is (13)…that nobody took down the number." Though still too (14)… to ride a bike, Sarah was able to go

back to (15) in Marlow on Monday

0 A break B escape C escapade D incident

1 A crashed B harmed C devastated D damaged

2 A leaving B presenting C noting D suggesting

4 A chatting B running C going D rambling

5 A irrational B prejudiced C unreasonable D superstitious

6 A notice B consideration C note D care

7 A took place B came about C finished up D turned up

8 A junction B joining C roundabout D crossing

10 A pulled B thrust C ran D crashed

12 A paying B giving C attracting D providing

13 A unfavourable B inopportune C undesirable D unfortunate

14 A discouraged B shaken C overcome D confused

15 A work B post C job D employment

15

THE TRADE IN RHINO HORN

Last year thieves broke into a Scottish castle and stole only one thing: a rhino horn, which at 1.5 metres was the longest in the world In China pharmaceutical (0)…have been building up (1) of antiques made from rhino horn, for the sole (2) of smashing them to powder to make the (3) ingredient of many of their medicines And in Africa poachers continue to die in the (4) for the black rhino Recently, conservationists met to (5)… a campaign to persuade countries where rhino horn is (6) part of the traditional medicine to (7) to substitutes The biggest (8) to the survival of the rhinoceros is the (9) …

of certain countries to enforce a ban on domestic (10) in rhino horn.The rhino horn is included in many (11) for disorders ranging from fevers to nosebleeds Horn, like fingernails, is made of keratin and has no proven medicinal (12)…Traditional substitutes, such as horn from buffalo or antelope, are (13)

as second best.The battle is (14)… to be winnable But it may be harder than the battle against the trade

in

ivory, for there is a (15)…between the two commodities Ivory is a luxury; rhino horn, people believe, could save the life of their child

0 A factories B plants C workshops D studios

1 A amounts B bundles C collections D groups

2 A reason B intention C need D purpose

3 A essential B real C actual D true

4 A chance B search C fight D race

5 A design B plan C programme D form

6 A hardly B even C nearly D still

7 A vary B switch C modify D adjust

8 A threat B danger C disaster D 'menace

9 A rejection B denial C refusal D protest

10 A business B commerce C selling D trading

11 A recipes B aids C remedies D doses

12 A capacity B values C control D powers

13 A regarded B valued C known D reputed

14 A imagined B dreamed C thought D viewed

15 A variation B difference C gap D comparison

`

16

THE NEW BRITISH LIBRARY

Originally commissioned 14 years ago, the new British Library was (0) to open in1990 However, the project has been(1)…by political infighting, poor planning and financial problems The most recent (2) came in June when inspectors discovered that 60 miles of new metal shelving had started to (3)…and needed to be (4) That would (5) the opening of the project's first phase for yet another two

years

"Things have gone from bad to worse," said Brian Lake, secretary of the Regular readers, an association

of writers and scholars who are not happy with plans for the new library "It is a grand national projectthat has become a great national scandal."

It sounded like a splendid idea when the government (6) its £164 million project in1978

Sophisticated electronic (7)…would help keep the library's irreplaceable stock at an optimal (8)… and humidity A computer-controlled delivery system would provide books to readers within minutes of a (9) rather than days And to (10) other needs of the reading public, the library would also include (11)… galleries, a restaurant and a conference hall.

That was the plan, (12) The start of construction was delayed until 1982 by arguments about planning and by a (13) of government Four years later, members of the cabinet ordered a (14)…report and discovered that the committee responsible for (15) the project hadn't met in four years

0 A projected B supposed C assumed D pretended

1 A delayed B bothered C infected D restricted

2 A comeback B setback C drawback D cutback

3 A fade B melt C mould D rust

4 A substituted B replaced C abandoned D rejected

5 A distract B destroy C postpone D postdate

6 A imposed B unveiled C claimed D manifested

7 A items B computers C equipment D tools

8 A heat B temperature C cold D warmth

9 A reservation B demand C wish D request

10 A fit B serve C bring D obey

11 A exposition B show C exhibition D demonstration

12 A especially B anyway C eventually D meanwhile

13 A variation B difference C shift D change

14 A progress B progression C progressive D progressing

15 A guarding B supervising C overlooking D watching

17

THEME HOLIDAYS IN SCOTLAND

If you like to build your holiday round a theme or particular (0) , there are many opportunities open

You can, for example, go on an archaeological holiday and be (4) to the many prehistoric (5)

on the Solway Coast and the Early Christian remains at Whithorn For creative people, there are any number of arts and crafts (6)…that offer instruction as well as (7)… Prices vary, depending on the (8)

of teaching and accommodation Subjects range from painting and music to wood-carving, smithing

silver-and (9)…Outdoor (10) can choose from a wide range too - from bird watching to camping, from gliding

to golf

If you've always wanted to see the west (11) of Scotland from the sea but haven't got your own boatand prefer an experienced hand at the helm, try STA Schooners They (12) week-long voyages in the

Tall Ship Malcolm Miller, a 300-ton schooner, and part of the experience is that you are one of the (13)

- a pleasure for which you pay quite a lot Hebridean Island Cruises offer a variety of cruises to many of the most beautiful spots on the western seaboard in the Hebridean Princess, a luxury floating hotel with acrew of thirty (14) forty passengers If you're lucky with the weather and can (15) it, this could

be

the ideal holiday for you

0 A action B activity C act D acting

1 A prospectus B catalogue C brochure D journal

2 A data B facts C information D details

3 A visit B contact C write D know

4 A invited B referred C introduced D presented

5 A situations B sites C sights D sightings

6 A practices B studies C careers D courses

7 A relaxation B learning C improvement D recuperation

8 A amount B quality C capacity D quantity

9 A sailing B water-skiing C stone-cutting D chess

10 A experts B sports C activities D enthusiasts

11 A bank B shore C coast D seaside

12 A set B run C take D stage

13 A group B staff C team D crew

14 A to look after B to help C to treat D to take on

15 A buy B afford C pay D spend

18

THE BEGINNINGS OF FLIGHT

The story of man's mastery of the air isalmost as old as man himself, a puzzle in which the essential (0) were not found until a very late stage However, to (1) this we must first go back to the time when primitive,man (2) his food, and only birds and insects flew We cannot know with any certainty when man first deliberately shaped weapons for throwing, but that (3) of conscious design marked the first step on a road that (4), from the spear and the arrow to the aeroplane and the giant rocket of the present (5) It would seem, in fact, that this (6) to throw things is one of the most primitive and deep-seated of our instincts, (7)

in childhood and persisting into old age The more mature ambition to throw things swiftly and accurately, which is the origin of most (8) games, probably has its roots in the ages when the possession of a (9) weapon and the ability to throw it with force and accuracy (10) the difference between eating and starving

It is significant that such weapons were (11) and brought to their (12) form at an early stage in history

If we were restricted to the same (13) , it is doubtful if we could produce better bows and arrows than those that

(14) the armies of the past The arrow was the first true weapon capable of maintaining direction over considerable (15) It was to be centuries before man himself could fly

0 A clues B keys C responses D resolutions

1 A value B approve C understand D realize

2 A pursued B hunted for Cchased D followed up

3 A act B deed C action D event

4 A brings B moves C takes D leads

5 A instant B day C hour D moment

6 A feeling B urge C encouragement D emotion

7 A coming B arriving C appearing D growing

8 A exterior B outside C external D outdoor

9 A suitable B fitting C related D chosen

10 A involved B meant C told D showed

11 A invented B magined C planned D produced

12 A last B older C latest D final

13 A matters B substances C materials D sources

14 A destroyed B ruined C spoiled D exploded

15 A lengths B extents C areas D distances

with literary interests and a knowledge of languages should think of adopting translating as a full-or part-time (2) Some advice may usefully be (3) to such would-be translators.

The first difficulty the beginner will (4) is the unwillingness of publishers to entrust a

translation to anyone who has not already (5) a reputation for sound work The least publishers will (6) before

commissioning a translation is a fairly lengthy (7) of the applicant's work, even, if unpublished Perhaps the best way the would-be translator can begin is to select some book of the type which he or she

feels competent and (8) to translate, translate a (9) section of the book and then submit the book and

the translation to a (10) publisher If he or she is extremely lucky, this may (11) in a commission

to

translate the book More (12) , however, publishers will (13) the book as such but if they are favourably (14) by the translation, they may very possibly commission some other book of a (15) nature which they already have in mind

0 A regard B view C awareness D consideration

1 A field B category C ground D class

2 A work B employment C occupation D line

4 A encounter B involve C reveal D introduce

5 A formed B set C founded D established

6 A instruct B oblige C demand D direct

7 A instance B case C specimen D model

8 A eager B nervous C agitated D excited

9 A substantial B main C grand D plentiful

10 A fit B right C convenient D suitable

11 A finish B lead C effect D result

12 A surely B probably C certainly D expectedly

13 A exclude B reject C object D disapprove

14 A impressed B convinced C affected D taken

15 A common B same C similar D joint

20

CRIME - REVERSING THE TREND

Crime, as we are all (0) , has been a growing problem all over the world in the last thirty years But we are not (1) against crime Much is being done - and more can be done - to reverse the trend You can play a part in it The first step towards preventing crime is understanding its (2) Most crime is against property, not (3) , and most

crime is not carried out by professionals; nor is it carefully planned Property crimes (4) on the easy opportunity They are often (5) by adolescents and young men, the majority of whom stop offending as they grow older - the (6)

age for offending is fifteen Also, and not surprisingly, the (7) of being a victim of crime (8) greatly depending onwhere you live This (9) by criminals on the easy, opportunity is the (10) to much crime prevention Motor cars, for example, are a sitting target for the criminal Surveys have shown that approximately one in five drivers do not always (11) to secure their cars by locking all the doors and shutting all the windows, and in 30 per cent

of domestic burglaries the burglar simply walks in without having to use (12) If opportunities like these

did not exist, criminals would have a much harder time The chances are that many crimes would not be committed, which would release more police time for (13) serious crime Of course, the primary

esponsibility for (14) with crime rests with the police and the courts, but, if you care about improving the (15) of life for yourself and your community, there are many ways you can helpreverse the trend

0 A aware B conscious C informed D known

1 A unprepared B hopeless C powerless D weak

2 A nature B type C reason D method

3 A the victim B the public C residents D citizens

4 A increase B thrive C develop D happen

5 A performed B started C committed D done

6 A peak B major C maximum D top

7 A percentage B seriousness C rate D risk

8 A varies B adapts C transforms D adjusts

9 A awareness B seizing C reliance D taking

10 A answer B method C, way D key

11 A trouble B bother C care D ensure

12 A force B threat C tools D tricks

13 A removing B facing C tackling D dealing

14 A containing B destroying C fighting D coping

15 A quality B peacefulness C enjoyment D way

21

SECRETARIES

What's in a name? In the case of the secretary, it can be something rather surprising The dictionary calls a secretary `anyone who (0) correspondence, keeps records and does clerical work for others' But while this particular job (1) looks a bit (2) , the word's original meaning is a hundred times more exotic and perhaps more (3) The word itself has been with us since the 14th century and comes from the mediaeval Latin word secretarius meaning `something hidden' Secretaries started out as those members of staff with knowledge hidden from others, the silent ones

mysteriously (4) the secret machinery of organisations

A few years ago `something hidden' probably meant (5) out of sight, tucked away with all the other secretaries and typists A good secretary was an unremarkable one, efficiently (6) orders, and then returning mouse-like to his or her station behind the typewriter, but, with the (7)

of new technology, the job (8) upgraded itself and the role has changed to one closer to the original meaning The skills required are more (9) and more technical Companies are (10) that secretarial staff should already be (11) trained in, or at least familiar with, a (12) of word processing packages In addition to this they need the management skills to take on some

administration, some personnel work and some research The professionals in the (13) business see all these developments as (14) the jobs which secretaries are being asked to do

It may also encourage a dramatic (15) in office practice In the past it was usual to regard the secretary as almost dehumanised, to be seen and not heard

0 A orders B handles C runs D controls

1 A explanation B detail C definition D characteristic

2 A elderly B unfashionable C outdated D aged

3 A characteristic B related C likely D appropriate

4 A operating B pushing C vibrating D effecting

5 A kept B covered C packed D held

6 A satisfying B obeying C completing D minding

7 A advent B approach C entrance D opening

8 A truly B validly C correctly D effectively

9 A thorough B demanding C severe D critical

10 A insisting B ordering C claiming D pressing

11 A considerably B highly C vastly D supremely

12 A group B collection C cluster D range

13 A appointment B hiring C recruitment D engagement

14 A improving B intensifying C advancing D heightening

15 A turn B change C switch D swing

22

SPORTS PHOTOGRAPHY Sport as a spectacle, and photography as a way of recording action, have developed together At the (0) of the 20th century, Edward Muybridge was experimenting with photographs of movement His pictures of a runner (1)…in every history of photography Another milestone was when the

scientist/photographer Harold Edgerton (2) the limits of photographic technology with his study of a (3) of milk hitting the surface of a dish of milk Another advance was the development of miniature cameras in the late 1920s which made it possible for sports photographers to (4) their cumbersome cameras behind

The significance of television as a transmitter of sport has (5) the prospects of still

a (9) of the event as for emotions and relationships with which they can (10) Looking back, we can

see how (11) sports photography has changed (12) sports photographers were as interested in thestories behind the sport as in the sport itself Contemporary sports photography (13) the glamour of sport, the colour and the action But the best sports photographers today still do more than (14) tell the story of the event.They (15)…in a single dramatic moment the real emotions of the participants

0 A turn B opening C origin D introduction

1 A exhibit B show C feature D demonstrate

2 A enlarged B extended C prolonged D spread

3 A splash B drop C dash D drip

4 A put B keep C lay D leave

5 A improved B aided C benefited D assisted

6 A choose B value C praise D cheer

7 A high B wide C main D vast

8 A visit B attend C follow D meet

9 A preservation B store C mark D record

10 A identify B share C unite D join

11 A highly B radically C extremely D severely

12 A Initial B First C Early D Primary

13 A outlines B signals C emphasises D forms

14 A simply B alone C singly D only

15 A seize B grasp C capture D secure

23

HOLIDAYS IN SOUTH CAROLINA

Roaring across the bay in a motorised rubber boat, we were told by the captain to (0) our eyes open With the engine (1) , it wasn't long before half a dozen dolphins came swimming around us Eventually, two came up (2) beside the boat and popped their heads out of the water to give us a wide grin

Dolphin watching is just one of the many unexpected attractions of a holiday in South Carolina, in the USA The state has long been popular with golfers and, with dozens of (3) in the area, it is (4) a

golfer's paradise But even the keenest golfer needs other diversions and we soon found the resorts had plenty to (5)

In fact, Charleston, which is midway along the (6) , is one of the most interesting cities in America

and is where the first shots in the Civil War were (7) Taking a guided horse and carriage tour through

the quiet back streets you get a real (8) of the city's past Strict regulations (9) to buildings so that

original (10) are preserved

South of Charleston lies Hilton Head, an island resort about 18 km long and (11) like a foot It has a fantastic sandy beach (12) the length of the island and this is perfect for all manner of water sports (13) , if you feel like doing nothing, (14) a chair and umbrella, head for an open (15) and

just sit back and watch the pelicans diving for fish

0 A stand B keep C hold D fix

1 A turned out B turned away C turned off D turned over

2 A direct B right C precise D exact

3 A courses B pitches C grounds D courts

4 A fully B truly C honestly D purely

5 A show B provide C offer D supply

6 A beach B coast C sea D shore

7 A thrown B aimed C pulled D fired

8 A significance B meaning C sense D comprehension

9 A apply B happen C agree D occur

10 A points B characters C aspects D features

11 A formed B shaped C made D moulded

12 A lying B running C going D following

13 A alternately B Conversely C Contrastingly D Alternatively

14 A charge B lend C hire D loan

15 A space B room C gap D place

24

UNIVERSAL WET WEEKEND

The weather across much of the British Isles (0) settled last week, with a good (1) of sunshine

On Saturday, the lunchtime temperature at Bridlington on the north-east (2) of England was

to set off some (15) showers On Tuesday morning, a thunderstorm at Lyons in eastern France deposited 99 mm of rain in just six hours

0 A kept B remained C lasted D held

1 A extent B quantity C proportion D deal

2 A shore B coast C sands D beach

3 A residue B remnant C rest D remains

4 A extreme B extravagant C excessive D exaggerated

5 A waited B found C felt D warned

6 A outbursts B outbreaks C outputs D outlets

7 A after B plus C later D more

8 A general B standard C medium D average

9 A sting B prick C stab D poke

10 A drowned B flooded C immersed D overflowed

11 A only B fairly C hardly D nearly

12 A section B side C face D part

13 A overtook B exceeded C passed D beat

14 A total B sole C single D whole

15 A huge B weighty C heavy D strong

25

If you’re an environmentalist, plastic is a word you tent to say with a sneer or a snarl It has become asymbol of our wasteful, throw-away society But there seems little (1) _ it is here to say, and thetruth is, of course, that plastics have brought enormous (2) _ even environmental ones It’s notreally the plastics themselves that are the environmental evil – it’s the way society chooses to use and (3) _ them

Almost all the 50 or so different kinds of modern plastic are made from oil, gas or coal – renewable natural (4) _ We import well over three million tones of the stuff in Britain each

non-year and, sooner or later, most of it is thrown away A high (5) _ of our annual consumption is

in the (6) of packaging and this constitutes about seven per cent by weight, of our domesticrefuse Almost all of it could be recycled, but very little of it is, though the plastic recycling (7) _ is growing fast

The plastics themselves are extremely energy rich – they have a higher calorific value than coal andone (8) _ of ‘recovery’ strongly (9) _ by the plastic manufacturers is the(10) _ of waste plastic into a fuel

1 A evidence B concern C doubt D likelihood

2 A pleasures B benefits C savings D profits

3 A dispose B store C endanger D abuse

4 A resources B processes C products D fuels

5 A portion B amount C proportion D rate

6 A way B kind C type D form

7 A manufacture B plant C factory D industry

8 A measure B method C mechanism D medium

9 A desired B argued C favoured D presented

10 A conversion B melting C change D replacement

is to utilise the flat-plate collector sited on the …(4)… of a house

It operates when pipes on the plate channel water to and from the …(5)…hot water tank As sunshinerapidly…(6)…the plate, the prevailing heat is absorbed by the water as it passes A sheet of glass serves adual purpose - It …(7)…the sunshine in, and traps the infra-red radiation The plate is kept warm by…(8)

… the release of infra-red radiation

It is essential that the sun must be high enough in the sky to …(9) … the water On cloudy days and

in winter a flat-plate collector may fail to provide sufficient …(10)…to warm a full tank of water

1 A henceforth B originally C piecemeal D beginning

2 A imprison B capture C lock D enclose

3 A mould B trigger C process D spin

4 A roof B wall C bathroom D window

5 A domestic B national C private D international

6 A warms B sparkles C simmers D gleams

7 A allows B extols C entices D lures

8 A preventing B discharging C promoting D rectifying

9 A boil B flush C warm D burst

10.A energy B strength C vitality D muscle

27

In child development there is an important phenomenon that shows very clearly the process of preparation for the future: play (1) … to popular belief, its importance should never be underestimated Games are not the haphazard creations of parents or educators They should be seen as educational (2) … and as stimuli for the child’s (3) …, imagination and life skills Every game is a preparation for the future The manner in which children (4) … a game, their choice of game and the importance they (5)…upon it, show their attitude and relationship to their environment and how they relate to their (6… human beings Whether they are hostile or whether they are friendly, and particularly whether they showqualities as leaders, are clearly (7)…in their play In observing children at play we can see their whole attitude towards life; play is of the (8) …importance to every child

But play is more than preparation for life Games are (9)… communal exercises that enable children

to develop their social feeling Children who avoid games and play are always (10) … to the suspicion that they have not (11)… satisfactorily to life These children gladly withdraw from all games, or when they are sent to the playground with other children usually (12… the pleasure of others Pride, lack of (13)… and the consequent fear of ‘getting it wrong’ are the main reasons for this behaviour In general,

by watching children at play, we can determine (14)… great certainty the (15) … and quality of their social feeling

1 A In contrast B Contrary C According D Due

2 A means B sources C tools D aids

3 A psyche B physiology C mindset D nerves

4 A.operate B approach C process D experience

5 A give B accord C place D lay

6 A fellow B contemporary C present D peer

7 A.distinct B evident C noticeable D marked

8 A.great B utmost C prime D most

9 A.without doubts B in all C by far D above all

10 A attached B open C prone D likely

11 A survived B adjusted C changed D grown

12 A spoil B damage C vanish D worsen

13 A maturity B egoism C self-esteem D development

14 A on B in C with D for

15 A level B scale C scope D extent

28

HOW TO HAVE PERFECT POSTURE

Next time you take a look in the mirror, try standing sideways on Do you see a long elegant back or are your shoulders as rounded as the hump of a camel?

Bad posture normally starts in our teenage years when we slouch around with our (0) trying

to look cool But (1) up those who now while away their days sitting in front of a computer where it’s(2) too easy to neglect something as essential as good posture

As we grow older these poor (3) are exacerbated, but by taking (4) immediately we can not only look and feel better but protect our body for the future Make sure you sleep on a firm mattress at night (5) lying flat on your back; instead try sleeping in a curled position on your side The

(6) revival in platform shoes doesn’t help and wearing shoes with heels more than (7) centimetres high is just asking for (8) Don’t load everything into a bag that you wear on one shoulder or you’ll end up lopsided (9) the weight evenly by wearing a rucksack or even a bag around your waist When you get home from a day’s studying or work it’s all too (10) to slump

on the sofa in front of the telly Sitting in this way (11) feel comfortable but it prevents you from breathing properly Try to sit (12) with the stomach pulled firmly in

1 A head B feet C eyes D hands

2 A so B quite C all D rather

3 A customs B habits C rituals D practices

4 A course B something C moves D action

5 A evade B prevent C avoid D restrain

6 A existing B topical C contemporary D current

7 A various B several C considerable D numerous

8 A concern B problem C trouble D fuss

9 A scatter B circulate C disseminate D distribute

10 A enticing B attractive C irresistible D tempting

11 A may B could C will D should

12 A level B erect C vertical D upright

29

PHOBIAS

The (0) of Phobia Awareness Week is to highlight the difficulties that many people (1) in everyday situations It is important to (2) between a fear and a phobia It's (3) usual for all of us to have our own peculiar fears, for example being anxious around snakes or nervous about flying However, only a very small proportion of us actually have a phobia of these things When these fears begin to (4) you embarrassment

or you feel that your life is being disrupted then you would be wise to (5) treatment for what could

potentially be a phobia By far the most (6) phobia and potentially the most disruptive is agoraphobia The word derives from Greek and (7) means 'fear of the marketplace' but we apply it today to describe a distressing (8) in which people (9) going outside because of the awful feelings of anxiety that arise Treatment of phobias usually consists of the patient (10) behavioural therapy during which they gradually get used to being near the object or the situation that causes them fear Drugs may be (11) to treat anxiety and many people opt for alternative therapy such as acupuncture or hypnosis to help them come to (12) with their fear and conquer it

0 A reason B POINT C fact D logic

1 A face B confront C meet D join

2 A choose B distinguish C select D pick

3 A very B absolutely C quite D truly

4 A cause B make C create D give

5 A explore B hunt C search D seek

6 A standard B average C normal D common

7 A precisely B specifically C literally D exactly

8 A illness B condition C disease D injury

9 A dodge B avoid C miss D slip

10 A undergoing B taking C experiencing D doing

11 A released B issued C certified D prescribed

12 A acceptance B terms C realisation D comfort

30

SOUND ADVICE FOR LANGUAGE LEARNERS

A recent (0) of a language learning magazine has consulted a number of experts in the (1) of second language acquisition Their advice may prove invaluable for those (2) a language course One suggestion is that you (3) whether you are likely to be successful at learning a language Did you enjoy studying languages at school, for example? Do you have enough time to learn a language? The major (4) will be your own time and effort Therefore you must make sure that the course on offer leads to a (5) qualification Also, be realistic in your (6) If you don't set achievable aims you are more likely to give up

Do not be deceived (7) thinking that the most expensive courses are the best (8) around to get the best possible value for money You should also bear in mind that the quicker you learn a language the more quickly you forget it Sandra Miller, a French teacher, tried to teach herself German by enrolling on a (9) course Already fluent in four languages and with a sound knowledge of teaching methodology her chances of (10) progress were high Three years (11) she remembers very little She feels her biggest mistake was not to follow (12) her first experience "I should have consolidated what I'd learn by continuing to study, even if it were by myself."

0 A series B ISSUE C programme D release

1 A domain B branch C field D area

2 A wondering B thinking C looking D considering

3 A assess B review C balance D survey

4 A charge B cost C price D valuation

5 A recognised B understood C valued D regarded

6 A sights B ends C objects D goals

7 A by B about C into D in

8 A nose B push C run D shop

9 A rapid B crash C quick D fast

10 A achieving B doing C gaining D making

11 A on B forward C from D onward

We discharge pollutants into the atmosphere without any thought of the consequences As a (7) the planet's ability to support people is being (8) at the very time when rising human numbers and consumption are (9) increasingly heavy demands on it

The Earth's (10) resources are there for us to use We need food, water, air, energy, medicines, warmth,

shelter and minerals to (11) us fed, comfortable, healthy and active If we are sensible in how we use the resources they will (12) indefinitely But if we use them wastefully and excessively they will soon run out and everyone will suffer

0 A situation B place C position D site

1 A although B still C yet D despite

2 A continues B repeats C carries D follows

3 A already B just C for D entirely

4 A alone B individual C lone D lonely

5 A sooner B neither C either D rather

6 A quite B greatly C utterly D completely

7 A development B result C reaction D product

8 A stopped B narrowed C reduced D cut

9 A doing B having C taking D making

10 A natural B real C living D genuine

11 A hold B maintain C stay D keep

12 A last B stand C go D remain

32

WRITE THE PERFECT CRIME NOVEL

Most people are born with the natural ability to (0) stories, but only a rare few have the determination to

become professional authors, and even fewer have the joy of seeing their novels top the (1) of bestselling books Some of the world's famous crime writers have achieved the (2) success of all Who can (3) the appeal of famous detectives like Sherlock Holmes, Miss Marple or Hercule Poirot? Even if you haven't read the (4) books you will have seen them in films or on the TV

If you have an ambition to become the (5) Agatha Christie what should you do? The best starting (6) is

to read lots of examples of crime fiction written by good authors You will need a notebook to carry around with