Giao trinh reading level 3 cap nhat

reading level 3 The Test of English for International Communication, TOEIC® is a standard and objective assessment for English language proficiency in the workplace. The TOEIC® is the most used test for Business English with more than 7 million worldwide testtakers each year. The TOEIC® is recognized as proof of a person’s English language competence by businesses, universities, technical colleges and business schools, when considering potential candidates for admission to their organizations. In countries such as the United Kingdom, the TOEIC® is a requirement for Visa applications. The TOEIC® 4 Skills test offers a common standard of measurement for listening, reading, writing, and speaking skills.

TRƯỜNG ĐẠI HỌC DUY TÂN

KHOA NGOẠI NGỮ

Chủ biên: Th.S Nguyễn Quỳnh Chi

BỘ MÔN: ANH VĂN KHÔNG CHUYÊN

TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER 1: GRAMMAR

Lesson 1: Functions of To-infinitives and Gerunds 6

Lesson 2:Common Verbs, Nouns, and Adjectives

Followed by a To-infinitive – Common verbs followed by a

Gerund

11

Lesson 3: Common Expressions Followed by a Gerund

-Verbs Followed by either a Gerund or a To-infinitive 15

Lesson 4: Practice with Toeic Actual Questions (1) 19

Lesson 5: Practice with Toeic Actual Questions (2) 25

CHAPTER 2: VOCABULARY

Lesson 10: Practice with Toeic Actual Questions 42

CHAPTER 3: READING COMPREHENSION

INTRODUCTION TO TOEIC 4 SKILLS TEST

The Test of English for International Communication, TOEIC® is a standard andobjective assessment for English language proficiency in the workplace The TOEIC®

is the most used test for Business English with more than 7 million worldwide takers each year The TOEIC® is recognized as proof of a person’s English language

test-2

competence by businesses, universities, technical colleges and business schools, whenconsidering potential candidates for admission to their organizations In countries such

as the United Kingdom, the TOEIC® is a requirement for Visa applications TheTOEIC® 4 Skills test offers a common standard of measurement for listening, reading,writing, and speaking skills

Test Format

• Non-incremental placement test (no pass-or-fail system)

• Paper and pencil (Listening & Reading)

• Online test (Speaking &Writing)

• Administered in authorized TOEIC® test centers

• Individual test sittings available by appointment

Structure

Listening: 100 multiple choice questions in 45 min

Reading: 100 multiple choice questions in 75 min

Speaking: 11 tasks (6 types of questions) in 20 min

Writing: 8 tasks (3 types of questions) in 60 min

Test Length

200 min test duration plus a break of 30 min between Listening & Reading, Speaking

& Writing

Results

• Score reports for Listening & Reading and Speaking & Writing

• Individual analysis of strengths and weaknesses

• Correlation table with CEFR* mapping and Can-Do-Statements

• Certificate for all four skills (optional)

3

• Score evaluation within 15 business days, excl postal time

4

LESSON 1 FUNCTIONS OF TO-INFINITIVES AND GERUNDS

I FUNCTIONS OF A TO-INFINITIVE

❶To-infinitive as a Noun

5

Grammatically, when functioning as a noun, a to-infinitive can function as a subject,

an object, a subject complement, or an object complement

Subject To recruit good employees is difficult.

Subject complement The goal is to increase sales.

Object complement He advised me to apply for the job.

A Read the following sentences and point out the functions of the underlined infinitives.

to-1 To succeed in finding a job is not easy

B Choose the correct option to complete each sentence.

1 The SM Company needs more people

A to hire B hire C to hiring D hired

2 The purpose of the meeting is the issue

A discussion B discuss C to discuss D discussed

❷To-infinitive as an Adjective / Adverb

To-infinitive as an Adjective

A to-infinitive can follow a noun and functions as an adjective modifying that noun

He has a lot of work to do.

Ms Smith has a business call to make.

To-infinitive as an Adverb

6

A to-infinitive can function as an adverb and expresses a purpose / reason, a judgment,

or a result

Expressing a purpose/reason To pass the bar exam, Steve studied hard.

Expressing a judgment The owner must be stupid to say such a thing.

Expressing a result The boss advised her only to offend her.

A Read the following sentences and point out the functions of the underlined infinitives.

to-1 They made a plan to visit the office in Chicago

B Choose the correct option to complete each sentence.

1 Mr Kim worked hard a promotion

A to get B getting C got D get

2 All the staff members were surprised _ the bad news

A heard B hear C hearing D to hear

II FUNCTIONS OF A GERUND

A gerund is formed by adding the suffix –ing to a bare infinitive It can function as a subject, an object, or a complement in a sentence.

❶Gerund as a subject

Working overtime is sometimes unnecessary

Speaking English well will help you get a good job

7

❷Gerund as an object

All of the employees enjoyed participating in the seminar (Object of the verb enjoy)Thank you for answering my question (Object of the preposition for)

Gerund as a complement

His concerns is expanding his business quickly

Tip Unlike nouns, gerunds may be followed by objects.

Explaining the concept was hard (o)

Explanation the concept was hard (x)

A Choose the correct option given in brackets to complete each sentence then point out its function in the sentence.

1 They suggested (get/getting) a new office

2 (Test/Testing) a new device is always fun

3 (Solving/Solve) the problem took lots of time and money _

4 You can make a reservation by (to call/calling) the hotel

5 (Reduction/Reducing) the costs was more difficult than we had expected

B Choose the correct option to complete each sentence.

1 Her job is phone calls from customers

A answered B answering C to answering D answer

2 Many employees in the office are interested in _ medical checkups

A get B to get C getting D gotten

PRACTICE

A Choose one correct option in the parentheses.

1 We hope (gain / to gain) a greater market share

2 Neil, Inc has begun (produce / producing) memory chips

3 Stress can prevent one from (sleeping / slept) well

4 Our goal is (to attract / attraction) more customers

8

5 I am writing (inquire / to inquire) whether my order was shipped.

6 (Read / Reading) the instructions on the package is essential

7 We stopped (developing / develop) alternative fuels due to financial difficulties

8 We will need (to enhance / enhancement) the security of our website

9 Many people prefer (invest / to invest) in the IT industry

10 You should look around before (joining / to join) a health club

B Choose the correct option for each of the following sentences.

1 The board members unanimously agreed _ Mr Weber’s suggestion

A accept B to accept C accepted D acceptance

2 _ the speech several times before the ceremony is necessary

A Practice B Practices C Practiced D Practicing

3 Some residents wish their phone numbers after they move

4 The accounting department may request receipts your expense

A verifying B verify C be verified D to verify

5 The Conen Company started _ wall paper with flower designs lastyear

A making B make C made D of making

6 _ the facilities before the upcoming event, the firm required severalstaff members to work overtime

A To inspect B Inspected C Inspection D Inspect

7 The company’s first’s priority is _ its customers with high-qualityproducts

A provides B provide C providing D provided

8 Every company has an obligation adj its workers with a safe andhealthy work atmosphere

A provide B provides C provision D to provide

9 The meeting’s purpose is improvements in employee benefits

A discuss B will discuss C discussion D to discuss

10 Competitiveness is maintained by the skills of the employees

A upgrading B upgrades C to upgrade D upgraded

9

LESSON 2 COMMON VERBS, NOUNS & ADJECTIVES FOLLOWED BY

A TO-INFINITIVE COMMON VERBS FOLLOWED BY A GERUND

I COMMON VERBS, NOUNS & ADJECTIVES FOLLOWED BY A INFINITIVE

TO-10

1 Common verbs followed by a to-infinitive

want to refuse to wish to manage to prefer to learn to

hope to propose to offer to ask to seem to permit to

plan to expect to need to decide to attempt to arrange to

fail to afford to agree to promise to choose to intend to

The supplier offered to send samples.

The congressman agreed to aid small enterprises.

Some people refuse to pay their income taxes.

2 Common nouns followed by a to-infinitive

ability to plan to time to chance/opportunity to right to effort to way to decision to

Consumers have the right to ask for a refund if the product is defective or of low

quality

3 Common adjectives followed by a to-infinitive

be able to be willing to be pleased to be easy/difficult to

be eager to be likely to be about to be ready to

You will be able to purchase our goods and services online within a month.

II COMMON VERBS FOLLOWED BY A GERUND

Verbs following some typical verbs below must always be in the form of a gerund.These gerunds functions as the object of the verbs

d

appreciate

A Fill the gaps with the correct forms of the verbs given in brackets.

1 (sign) The CEO agreed _TO SIGN _ the contract

2 (review) You can take your time TO REVIEW _ the checklists

11

3 (increase) The interest rates are likely _TO INCREASE _ in the firstquarter.

4 (relocate) The corporation wishes TO RELOCATE _ outside New York

5 (lower) The manager promised _TO LOWER _ the sales quotas for newdealers

B Choose the correct option to complete each sentence.

1 We are eager you and to talk about the issue

A to meet B meeting C meet D met

2 I don’t think many people will have a chance _ for the job

A for applying B applying C to applying D to apply

PRACTICE

A Choose one correct option in the parentheses.

1 Profits are expected (to double / doubling) in the next quarter

2 Those interested in (apply / applying) for the job position should send their résumé

3 In order to (maintain / maintaining) the air purifying system, we hired anothermechanic

4 I enjoyed (to talk / talking) with many representatives from overseas branches

5 You are strongly advised (to purchase / purchasing) medical insurance beforetravelling overseas

6 They are considering (to offer / offering) a special discount for the upcoming season

12

7 We asked our reception staff (to check / checking) the registration list very carefully.

8 I wish (to get / getting) a job at a stable company after graduating

9 Museum visitors are not permitted (to take / taking) photographs inside the building

10 They postponed (to open / opening) a new branch in San Diego

B Choose the correct option for each of the following sentences.

1 Please contact one of our customer service representative to amembership

A renew B renewing C renewed D renewal

2 Coal production for the following quarter is expected the last quarter byfive percent

A exceeding B excess C to exceed D exceed

3 The firm is considering strict policy regarding employee absences

A to introduce B introduced C introduce D introducing

4 We strongly recommend _ rooms more than eight weeks in advanceduring the busy summer months

A books B to book C booking D be booked

5 You should call the hotel your reservation at least one day in advance

A confirm B to confirm C confirming D confirms

6 We are now considering _ a better maintenance system to increaseproductivity

A to develop B develop C developed D developing

7 They finished the research but failed the results

A reporting B to report C report D for reporting

8 The company made every effort customer satisfaction

A boost B boosting C to boost D for boosting

9 The marketing manager suggested the logo to enhance the image of thecompany

A change B changing C to change D of changing

10 Toby Electronics requests that customers postpone GXT 250 laptopsuntil the technical issues are resolved

A purchase B purchased C purchasing D to purchase

13

Questions 11 – 13 refer to the following notice.

Questions 14 – 15 refer to the following letter.

14

Date: August 10

Subject: Employee Awards Night

We have scheduled the ceremony _ awards to the company’s employees of the

C confirming D for confirming

on April 12 Your job duties will be explained during the training session

As we discussed before, you will be able twenty days of vacation and

15 A have B having

C to having D to havethree sick days If you have any questions please let us know

LESSON 3 COMMON EXPRESSIONS FOLLOWED BY A GERUND –

VERBS FOLLOWED BY EITHER A GERUND OR A TO-INFINITIVE

1 Common Expressions Followed by a Gerund

Below are some common expressions followed by a gerund, which are useful not only

in the TOEIC test but also in daily life

have difficulty V-ing can’t help V-ing

spend (time/money) V-ing look forward to V-ing

there is no use V-ing be good/bad at V-ing

with a view to V-ing be accustomed to V-ing

I had difficulty finding a firm to work at.

We look forward to working with you.

He is not accustomed to using a smartphone.

A Choose the correct option given in brackets to complete each sentence.

1 This proposal is worth (to read / reading)

2 Do you feel like (to go / going ) out to eat?

3 The director is devoted to (promote / promoting ) sales

4 The employees are not accustomed (to using / to use) the Intranet

5 We are looking forward to (hearing / hear) from you

6 The new secretary spends her time (to shop / shopping) online at lunchtime

B Choose the correct option to complete each sentence.

1 The team is busy a new software program

A develop B to develop C developing D development

2 Mr Smith had difficulty used to the new workingenvironment

A getting B to get C get D gotten

2 Verbs Followed by either a Gerund or a To-infinitive

Verbs followed by either a gerund or a to-infinitive with meanings unchanged.

15

They started to work on the project / They started working on the project.

Verbs followed by either a gerund or a to-infinitive with meanings changed

remember An action that was done in the past An action that needs to be done in the future

forget An action that was done in the past An action that needs to be done in the future

stop Give up/quit what one is doing/what

regret An action that was done in the past An action that going to be informed

You should remember to mail this invitation before noon.

I remember meeting the guy at the conference.

A Look at the following sentences and explain the meanings of the underlined parts.

1 Don’t forget to submit the application form _

2 I forgot applying for the position, so I was surprised when they calledme. _

3 I do not regret working at this company _

4 We regret to say that your proposal has been rejected after a careful review

_

5 We all try to get the best results. _

B Choose the correct option to complete each sentence.

1 Please remember all the windows before you leave the office

A close B closing C closed D to close

2 I do not regret _ my previous job, and I am pleased with my current one

A quit B quitting C to quit D to quitting

PRACTICE

1 the restaurant will attract more customers

A Renovation B Renovating C Renovated D To renovating

2 The newly hired secretary is good at _

16

3 The president suggested _ a new staff lounge to better serve theemployees.

A to build B build C built D building

4 We would like to thank you for in our annual conference

A participate B participating C to participating D participated

5 Mr Carter has had difficulty _ experienced research specialists since lastmonth

A find B finding C to find D found

6 Because of the bad economic situation, we could not help _ our NewYork branch

A close B closed C closing D to close

7 You can simply book your ticket by _ our website or dropping by one

of our stores

A visits B visiting C visit D to visit

8 We regret _ you that your application has been rejected

A to tell B told C telling D tells

9 They stopped the old model in order to promote a newly releasedone

A to sell B selling C sold D sell

10 the number of security guards will hopefully reduce the chance ofthefts

A Increase B Increasing C Increased D To increasing

11 Atlantis Co strictly prohibits its employees from _ an office phone forpersonal reasons

12 The company has considered its branch to Boston for the past fewweeks

A relocation B to relocate C relocating D relocated

13 Do not forget _ the application form before submitting it to Ms.Radowich at the front desk

A signing B to sign C sign D signed

17

14 Ms Wrigley has decided to stop applicants because she has found awell-qualified person.

A interview B interviewed C to interview D interviewing

15 If you wish to exchange for size or color, please return it it us within 30 days of your order

A receipt B received C receiving D receive

16 various information regarding computer skill not only offline but alsoonline is part of our business

A Provide B Providing C Provided D Provides

17 The secretary was busy calls to the customers who have cancelledtheir orders

A make B to make C making D to making

18 We could not afford _ a new copying machine because it was quiteexpensive

A buying B to buying C buy D to buy

Questions 19 - 20 refer to the following letter.

LESSON 4 PRACTICE WITH TOEIC ACTUAL QUESTIONS (1)

20 A use B used

C using D usesand services at a discounted price

Sincerely,

Jane Miller

19

LESSON 5 PRACTICE WITH TOEIC QUESTIONS (2) Part 5: Select the best answer that completes each sentence.

25

8

9

10

28

Questions 7 through 10 refers to the followng letter.

30

LESSON 6 COMPARISON OF EQUALITY

❶ The comparison of equality is used to compare two people or things that are equal in

quantity or characteristics The structure is as + adjective / adverbs + as.

The new machine is as expensive as the old one.

The order was shipped as quickly as possible to the customer.

Please respond to this e-mail as promptly as you can.

Notes: not as / so … as … is used to express that one person or thing is not

equal to the other

My report is not as / so comprehensive as yours.

❷ A quantifier must be used in the comparison of equality in the structure as + many / much / few / little + noun + as.

I ate as many potato chips as you did.

Please complete as much information as possible.

The quantifier many / much must be used before the nouns in the comparison of equality because the structure as + noun + as is incorrect.

 Another form of the comparison of equality is the structure the same (+noun) + as.

Nelly has the same dress as I do.

Nelly’s dress is the same as mine.

 Some adverbs that can modify adjectives or adverbs in the comparison of equality

are nearly, almost, just.

The book, the second in a series, is nearly as exciting as the first.

31

A Choose the correct option in brackets for each sentence.

1 The new printer is as (effective / effectively) as the old one

2 His suggestion was as (creatively / creative) as mine.(my suggestion)

3 They are as (qualified / qualify) as Mr Armstrong for this work

4 The plan is going as (smooth / smoothly) as we thought

5 Mr Thomson entered the meeting room as (quiet / quietly) as he could

6 Please deal with these customer complaints as (fastly / fast) as you can

B Choose the correct option to complete each sentence.

1 You should hand in the sales report to the boss as _ as possible

2 This year’s salary increase is as as that of last year

3 The upgraded computers run as as the new ones

A efficiently B more efficiently C efficient D efficiency

4 Studies have proven that laborers work twice _ hours on average asskilled professionals in any field

5 In order to serve you best, we ask that you take the time to fill our questionnaire

in detail as possible

6 At this firm, young, motivated candidates who show enthusiasm have _ value as experienced professionals

7 Piles of old newspapers must be stacked and tied as _ as possiblebefore being loaded into the truck and brought to the plant

8 All persons who wish to register for the Skills in Marketing Workshop mustsign up at the main office _ possible

A as soon as B as long as C as much as D as many as

9 You can take _ booklets as you need

A as much as B as many as C as many D a lot of

10 He speaks English _ Elaine

A as good as B as well as C as much as D as many as

32

LESSON 7 COMPARATIVES

Comparative forms of adjectives or adverbs are used to say that two things are different

in quality or quantity

❶Form

1 Regular comparatives

fast – faster (1 syllable)

busy – busier (2 syllable adjective

good / well – better

many / much – more

bad / ill – worselittle - less

far – farther / further

❷Meaning

To say that two people or things are unequal in a particular way

 Public transportation is safer than driving.

 Rachel works better than most of her co-workers.

 The new building is more beautiful than the old one.

 Dennis examined the proposal more carefully than his supervisor.

Special expressions of comparatives

1 The adverbs much, even, still, far, a lot are added to emphasize the comparative

structure

 The new program functions much better than the old one.

 Our marketing team works even more efficiently than ever before.

2 The + comparative, the + comparative

 The more you eat, the fatter you will become.

 The more salary you receive, the higher tax rate you have to pay.

–er / more … than expected / thought / scheduled / anticipated

 Sales were higher than expected.

 The components arrived earlier than scheduled.

 Production was higher than anticipated.

A Choose the correct word to complete each sentence.

1 Suburban residents would benefit from (cheaper / more cheap) transportation

33

2 The demand for our new vehicle is (much / more ) bigger than we had expected.

3 The (quiet / quieter ) the engine is , the more passengers feel comfortable whiletraveling

4 Data processing has become (much / so) faster than ever before

5 Tommy has (good / better) qualifications than the other applicants

6 Credit cards are issued more (easier / easily) now than in the past

7 Using two chemicals together produces much (strong / stronger) results thanusing one of them

8 The larger a company is, (less / the less) satisfied its employees

9 Please complete the budget report no later (than / as) September 24

10 The dinner at the restaurant was (more / most) delicious than anticipated

B Complete each sentence with the correct comparative form of the adjective

or adverb given in brackets.

1 (high) The cost was they had said

2 (soon) The meeting finished _ than we had though it would

3 (carefully) You should review the report

4 (greatly) The exports increased _ than we had expected

5 (fast) The oil prices are going to increase _ now

6 (much, serious) The traffic jam is _ before

C Choose the word that best completes each sentence.

1 Unfortunately the shipment will be delayed, as our factory is experiencing moretechnical problems _ we anticipated

2 we put off finishing these cases, the more work there will be doover the weekend

A Longer B Longest C The long D The longer

3 Sending the memos by fax is far _ than attempting to deliver them

by express mail

A quickest B quickly C quicker D quick

34

4 The productivity of the factory became than before.

A low B much low C lower D as lower

5 The usage of the device was more difficult than I had thought

6 Knowledge is acquired by experience than by books or othermaterials

A more easy B easier C easiest D more easily

7 Our new blender functions _ than any of our other competitors’products that are on the market

A so efficiently B as efficient C more efficient D.more efficiently

8 Using the two substances together produces much _ results than wheneither one is used alone

A strong B stronger C strongest D strongly

9 Fun Films expects $20 million in ticket sales and _ more fromlicensing to foreign distributors

10 Designing the bridge connecting the two regions was than they hadthought it would be

A difficult B difficulty C more difficult D much difficult

LESSON 8 SUPERLATIVES

35

Superlative forms of adjectives or adverbs are used to single out one thing as having aunique quality They compare three or more people or things.

❶Form

1 Regular superlatives

fast – fastest (1 syllable)

busy – busiest (2 syllable adjective

good / well – better – the best

far – farther / further – the farthest / the furthest

little – less – the least

bad / ill – worse – the worstmany / much – more – the most

❷Meaning& Use

Used to pick out one person or things as having a unique quality

 She earns the most at her company.

 Mary seems the most successful of all the applicants / of all.

 He is the most intelligent guy I’ve ever met.

 Spring Park is the closest park in this area.

Special expressions of superlatives

1 The adverbs by far and quite are used to emphasize the superlative adjective /

adverb

He was by far the worst roommate.

2 One of the + superlative + plural noun, at least, at most, at best, and at the latest.

 She is one of the largest girls in the group.

 I can drink at least six glasses of water a day.

 Please submit the survey by next week at the latest.

A Complete each sentence with the correct superlative form of the adjective or adverb given in brackets.

1 (small) The company developed _ laptop computer in the world

2 (impressive) That was _the most impressive presentation

36

3 (much) At least she worked at the company.

4 (bad) We had sales record this year

5 (efficiently) I think he works _

6 (good) The offer _ quality seafood in the country

B Choose the correct option to complete each sentence.

1 Ms Pitt is the _ employee in the Sales Department

A reliable B most reliable C more reliable D reliablest

2 Our employees are the _ highly skilled in the industry

3 We expect a ten-percent increase in annual profits unless our newproduct becomes a hit

A at best B at the best C at the most D at the latest

4 We were glad to hear that Ms Austin was recognized this quarter for making the _ contribution to the company

A greatest B most greatest C greater D greatly

5 This is price we have ever offer to customers before

A the lower B the lowest C the more lowest D the most lowest

6 Of the many laborers at this plant, the highly skilled will betransferred to a newly opened facility

7 Although less popular than the phonograph, the projection box was the of the home viewing devices available in the early 1900s

A success B successful C most success D most successful

8 Erickson Brands offers customers the variety of cellular phoneaccessories in the marketplace

A wider B more widely C most widely D widest

9 Bringing all of the brochure and website information up to date is the task the office team has ever faced

A challenged B challenging

C most challenged D most challenging

37

10 In determining whether to close a bank branch, the impact on the majority ofcommunity members is the important factor.

LESSON 9 OTHER STRUCTURES OF COMPARISON

❶Other comparative structures

38

Structures Examples

more than +

noun

less than + noun

There are more than 10,000 books in the library.

Less than five percent of the subscribers chose not to renew.

* More than and less than also come before and adjective to emphasize it.

The meal he had at the cafeteria left him more than satisfied.

no later than The superior expects us to come in to work no later than

7:00

no longer Mary no longer uses make-up.

no sooner …

than

No sooner did Peter put the phone down than it rang again.

other than Other than cornflakes, crispy bacon is her favorite breakfast

 Comparative + than any other ….

This show is funnier than any other sitcoms on TV.

* This sentence is equivalent to This show is the funniest among all sitcoms on TV.

 Have + never / hardly / rarely + been + comparative

 Herbs have never been more popular than they are now.

 No other … / nothing + as + adjective + as

No other … / nothing + comparative + than

No other sitcom is as funny as this show.

When it comes to investing, nothing is more important than experience.

A Decide which of the choices A, B, C or D best completes the sentence.

1 Customers wanting refunds must bring in the product and its receipt _ one week after the date of purchase

A no more than B no later than C no later as D no more as

2 I would rather make the reservation now _ risk not getting a ticketdown the road

39