Iec 60747 16 1 2017

Detai s s ould b given of the typ of the input an output circ its, f or example, input output imp dan es, d.c... 4.3 Spe ification of the fun tion 4.3.1 Detai e bloc dia ram – Fu ctional

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Part 16-1: Microw ave int egrat ed circuit s – Ampl fiers

Disposit ifs à semiconduct eurs –

Part ie 16- 1: Circuit s int égrés hyper réquences – Ampl ficat eurs

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Part ie 16- 1: Circuit s int égrés hy er réquences – Ampl ficat eurs

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Part ie 16- 1: Circuit s int égrés hyper réquences – Ampl ficat eurs

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CONTENTS

FOREWORD 7

1 Sco e 9

2 Normative referen es 9

3 Terminolog Terms an definition 10 4 Es ential ratin s an c aracteristic 1

2 4.1 General 12 4.1.1 Circ it identification an typ s 12 4.2 Ap l cation related des ription 13 4.2.1 Conf orman e to s stem an /or inter ace information 13 4.2.2 Overal bloc diagram 13 4.2 3 Referen e data 1

3 4.2.4 Electrical comp tibi ty 13 4.2.5 As ociated devices 14 4.3 Sp cification of the fu ction 14 4.3.1 Detai ed bloc diagram – Fu ctional bloc s 14 4.3.2 Identif i ation an fu ction of terminals 14 4.3 3 Fu ctional des ription 1

5 4.3.4 Fami y- elated c aracteristic 15 4.4 Limitin values (a solute maximum ratin s stem) 15 4.4.1 Electrical lmitin values 16 4.4.2 Temp ratures 16 4.5 Op ratin con ition (within the sp cified o eratin temp rature ran e) 17 4.5.1 Power s p l es p sitive an /or negative values 1

7 4.5.2 Initial zation seq en es (where a pro riate) 17 4.5.3 Input voltage(s) (where a pro riate) 17 4.5.4 Output c r ent s) (where a pro riate) 17 4.5.5 Voltage an /or c r ent of other terminal(s) 17 4.5.6 External elements (where a pro riate) 17 4.5 7 Op ratin temp rature ran e 1

7 4.6 Electrical c aracteristic 17 4.6.1 Static c aracteristic 17 4.6.2 Dy amic or a.c c aracteristic 18 4.7 Mec anical an en ironmental ratin s, c aracteristic an data 19 4.8 Ad itional information 19 4.8.1 Eq ivalent input an output circ it 1

9 4.8.2 Internal protection 19 4.8.3 Ca acitors at terminals 19 4.8.4 Thermal resistan e 19 4.8.5 Intercon ection to other typ s of circ it 19 4.8.6 Eff ects of external y con ected comp nent s) 19 4.8 7 Recommen ation for an as ociated device(s) 1

9 4.8.8 Han l n precaution 19 4.8.9 Ap l cation data 2

4.8.10 Other a pl cation inf ormation 2

4.8.1 Date of is ue of the data s e t 2

5 Me s rin method 2

5.1 General 2

5.1.1 Characteristic imp dan es 2

5.1.2 General precaution 2

5.1.3 Han l n precaution 2

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5.2 Line r (p wer) gain (G

l n

) 2

5.2.1 Purp se 2

5.2.2 Circ it diagram 21

5.2.3 Prin iple of me s rement 21

5.2.4 Circ it des ription an req irements 21

5.2.5 Precaution to b o served 21

5.2.6 Me s rement proced re 2

5.2.7 Sp cified con ition 2

5.3 Line r (p wer) gain f latnes (∆G l n ) 2

5.3.1 Purp se 2

5.4 Power gain (G p ) 2

5.4.1 Purp se 2

5.5 (Power) gain f latnes (∆G p ) 2

5.5.1 Purp se 2

5.6 (Maximum avai a le) gain red ction (∆G red ) 2

5.6.1 Purp se 2

5.7 Limitin output p wer (P o(ltg) an lmitin output p wer f latnes (∆P o(ltg) 2

5.7.1 Purp se 2

5.8 Output p wer (P o ) 2

5.8.1 Purp se 2

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5.9 Output p wer at 1 dB gain compres ion (P o(1dB) 2

5.9.1 Purp se 2

5.10 Noise fig re (F) 2

5.10.1 Purp se 2

5.1 Intermod lation distortion ( wo-tone) (P n /P 1 ) 3

5.1 1 Purp se 3

5.1 2 Circ it diagram 3

5.1 3 Prin iple of me s rement 3

5.1 4 Circ it des ription an req irements 31

5.1 5 Precaution to b observed 31

5.1 6 Me s rement proced re 31

5.1 7 Sp cified con ition 31

5.12 Power at the interce t p int (f or intermodulation prod cts) (P n(IP) 31

5.12.1 Purp se 31

5.13 Mag itu e of the input ref lection co f ficient (input return los ) (s 1 |S 1 |) 3

5.13.1 Purp se 3

5.14 Mag itu e of the output reflection co ff i ient (output return los ) ( 2 |S 2 |) 3

5.14.1 Mag itu e of the output ref lection co f ficient (output return los ) u der smal -sig al o eratin con ition 3

5.14.2 Mag itu e of the output ref lection co f ficient (output return los ) u der large-sig al o eratin con ition 3

5.15 Mag itu e of the reverse tran mis ion co ff i ient (isolation) ( 12 |S 12 |) 3

5.15.1 Purp se 3

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5.16 Con ersion co ff i ient of ampltu e mod lation to phase mod lation

(α

(AM-PM)

3

5.16.1 Purp se 3

5.17 Group delay time ( d(grp) 4

5.17.1 Purp se 4

5.18 Power ad ed ef ficien y (η ad ) 4

5.18.1 Purp se 4

5.19 nth order harmonic distortion ratio (P nth /P 1 ) 4

5.19.1 Purp se 4

5.2 Output noise p wer (P N ) 4

5.2 1 Purp se 4

5.2 4 Circ it des ription an req irements 4

5.2 5 Precaution to b o served 4

5.21 Spuriou inten ity u der sp cified lo d VSWR (P sp /P o ) 4

5.21.1 Purp se 4

5.2 Adjacent c an el p wer ratio (P adj /P o(mod) 4

5.2 1 Purp se 4

5.2 4 Circ it des ription an req irement 5

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6 Verifyin method 51

6.1 L ad mismatc toleran e (Ψ L ) 51

6.1.1 Purp se 51

6.1.2 Verif i ation of method 1 (spuriou inten ity) 51

6.1.3 Verif i ation of method 2 (no dis ontin ity of the f req en y resp n e) 5

6.2 Source mismatc toleran e (Ψ S ) 5

6.2.1 Purp se 5

6.2.2 Verif i ation of method 1 (spuriou inten ity) 5

6.2.3 Verifyin method 2 (no dis ontin ity of the feq en y resp n e) 5

6.3 L ad mismatc ru ged es (Ψ R ) 5

6.3.1 Purp se 5

6.3.5 Test proced re 5

Fig re 1 – Circ it f or the me s rements of l ne r gain 21

Fig re 2 – Basic circ it for the me s rement of the noise f i ure 2

Fig re 3 – Basic circ it for the me s rements of two-tone intermod lation distortion 3

Fig re 4 – Circ it f or the me s rements of mag itu e of input output ref lection co f ficient (input output return los ) 3

Fig re 5 – Circ it for the me s rement of output reflection co f ficient 3

Fig re 6 – Circ it f or the me s rement of isolation 3

Fig re 7 – Basic circ it for the me s rement of α (AM-PM) 3

Fig re 8 – Circ it f or the me s rement of the p wer ad ed eff i ien y 4

Fig re 9 – Circ it f or the me s rements of the nth order harmonic distortion ratio 4

Fig re 10 – Circ it diagram for the me s rement of the output noise p wer 4

Fig re 1 – Circ it diagram for the me s rement of the spuriou inten ity 4

Fig re 12 – Circ it for the me s rement of the adjacent c an el p wer ratio 4

Fig re 13 – Circ it for the verif i ation of lo d mismatc toleran e in method 1 51

Fig re 14 – Circ it for the verif i ation of lo d mismatc toleran e in method 2 5

Fig re 15 – Circ it for the verif i ation of source mismatc toleran e in method 1 5

Fig re 16 – Circ it for the verif i ation of source mismatc toleran e in method 2 5

Fig re 17 – Circ it f or the verification of load mismatc ru ged es 5

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International Stan ard IEC 6 7 7-16-1 has b en pre ared by s bcommit e 4 E: Dis rete

semicon u tor devices, of IEC tec nical commit e 4 : Semicon u tor devices

The Fren h version of this stan ard has not b en voted up n

This publcation has b en drafted in ac ordan e with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 3

The commit e has decided that the contents of the b se publ cation an its amen ments wi

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Part 16-1: Microwave integrated circuits – A mpl fiers

This p rt of IEC 6 7 7 provides the terminolog , the es ential ratin s an c aracteristic , as

wel as the me s rin method for integrated circ it microwave p wer ampl fiers

The f ol owin normative doc ments contain provision whic , throu h referen e in this text,

con titute provision of this p rt of IEC 6 7 7 For dated referen es, s bseq ent amen

-ments to, or revision of, an of these publ cation do not a ply However, p rties to

agre ments b sed on this p rt of IEC 6 7 7 are en ouraged to in estigate the p s ibi ty of

a plyin the most recent edition of the normative doc ments in icated b low For u dated

referen es, the latest edition of the normative doc ment refer ed to a pl es Memb rs of IEC

an ISO maintain registers of c r ently val d International Stan ard

IEC 6 7 7-1:19 3 2 0 , Semic nd uct or d evic s – Discret e d evices – Part 1: Ge eral

IEC 6 7 8-2:19 7, Semico d uct or devic s – I nt egrated circ its – Part 2: Digital integrated

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IEC/TS 613 0-5-2, El ectrostat ics - Part 5-2: P rotection of ele tro ic d evic s fom ele trost atic

i)

NOT In this re io , ∆

o (dBm) = ∆

i (dBm)

ratio of the output p wer to the input p wer

NOT Us aly th p wer g in is e pre s d in d cib ls

dif feren e in decib ls b twe n the maximum an minimum p wer gain that can b provided

by the gain control

3.6 Output p wer l miting

3.6.1

output power l miting ra ge

ran e in whic , for risin input p wer, the output p wer is lmitin

NOT For s e ific tio p rp s s, th lmits of this ra g are s e ifie b s e ifie lower a d u p r lmit v lu s

ratio of the output p wer of the nth order comp nent to the output p wer of the fu damental

comp nent, at a sp cified input of the output p wer

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output p wer at intersection b twe n the extra olated output p wers of the fu damental

comp nent an the nth order intermod lation comp nents, when the extra olation is car ied

out in a diagram s owin the output p wer of the comp nents (in decib ls) as a f un tion of

ratio of the c an e, with an ular f req en y, of the phase s ift throu h the ampl fier

NOT Us aly gro p d la time is v ry clo e in v lu to in ut-to-o tp t d la time

ratio of the p wer of the nth order harmonic comp nent me s red at the output p rt of the

device to the p wer of the f un amental f req en y me s red at the output p rt f or a sp cified

3.15

output nois power P

N

maximum noise p wer me s red at the output p rt of the device within a sp cified b n width

in a sp cified f req en y ran e for a sp cified output p wer

ratio of the p wer of the maximum spuriou p wer me s red at the output p rt of the device

to the p wer of the fu damental f eq en y me s red at the output p rt u der sp cified lo d

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+AMD2:2 17 CSV © IEC 2 17

Typ B: Auto-gain control typ

Typ C: Limitin typ

Typ D: Power typ

4.1.1.2 Ge eral function de cription

A general des ription of the fu ction p rf ormed by the integrated circ it microwave ampl f iers

an the fe tures f or the a pl cation s ould b made

4.1.1.3 Ma ufa turing te hnology

The man f acturin tec nolog , f or example, semicon u tor monol thic integrated circ it, thin

-f ilm integrated circ it, micro-as embly, s ould b stated This statement s ould in lu e

detai s of the semicon u tor tec nologies s c as MESFET, MISFET, Si bip lar tran istor,

HBT, etc

4.1.1.4 Pa k ge ide tific tion

The f ol owin statements s ould b made:

a) IEC an /or national ref eren e n mb r of the outl ne drawin , or drawin of non-stan ard

p c age in lu in terminal n mb rin ;

b) prin ip l p c age material; for example, metal, ceramic, plastic

4.1.1.5 Main appl c tion

The main a pl cation s ould b stated, if neces ary If the device has restrictive a pl cation ,

these s ould b stated here

4.2 Ap l c tion relate de cription

Information on the a pl cation of the integrated circ it an its relation to the as ociated

devices s ould b given

4.2.1 Conf orma c to s stem a d/or interfa e information

It s ould b stated whether the integrated circ it conf orms to an a plcation s stem an /or

interf ace stan ard or recommen ation

The detai ed information a out a pl cation s stems, eq ipment an circ its s c as VSAT

s stems, DBS receivers, microwave lan in s stems, etc s ould also b given

4.2.2 Ov ral bloc dia ram

A bloc diagram of the a pl ed s stems s ould b given, if neces ary

4.2.3 Refere c data

The most imp rtant pro erties to p r mit comp rison b twe n derivative typ s s ould b given

4.2.4 Ele tric l compatibi ity

It s ould b stated whether the integrated circ it is electrical y comp tible with other partic lar

integrated circ its or f ami es of integrated circ its or whether sp cial inter aces are req ired

Detai s s ould b given of the typ of the input an output circ its, f or example, input output

imp dan es, d.c bloc , o en-drain, etc Interc an e bi ty with other devices, if an , s ould

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4.2.5 As ociate de ic s

If a pl ca le, the fol owin s ould b stated here:

– devices neces ary for cor ect o eration (l st with typ n mb r, name, an fu ction);

– p ripheral devices with direct inter acin (l st with typ n mb r, name, an fu ction)

4.3 Spe ification of the fun tion

4.3.1 Detai e bloc dia ram – Fu ctional bloc s

A detai bloc diagram or eq ivalent circ it inf ormation of the integrated circ it microwave

ampl f iers s ould b given The bloc diagram s ould b comp sed of the fol owin :

1) f un tional bloc s;

2) mutual intercon ection amon the f un tional bloc s;

3) in ivid al f un tional u its within the fu ctional bloc s;

4) mutual intercon ection amon the in ivid al f un tional bloc s;

5) f un tion of e c external con ection;

6) interde en en e b twe n the se arate f un tional bloc s

The bloc diagram s ould identify the f un tion of e c external con ection an , where no

ambig ity can arise, can also s ow the terminal s mb ls an /or n mb rs If the en a s lation

has metal c p rts, an con ection to them f rom external terminals s ould b in icated The

con ection with an as ociated external electrical elements s ould b stated, where neces ary

As ad itional information, the complete electrical circ it diagram can b re rod ced, but not

neces ari y with in ication of the values of the circ it comp nents The gra hical s mb l for

the fu ction s al b given This may b o tained fom a catalog e of stan ard of gra hical

s mb ls or desig ed ac ordin to the rules of IEC 6 617-12 or IEC 6 617-13 IEC 6 617

4.3.2 Ide tific tion a d fu ction of terminals

Al terminals s ould b identified on the bloc diagram (s p ly terminals, input or output

terminals, inputoutput terminals)

The terminal fu ction 1)-4) s ould b in icated in a ta le as fol ows:

A terminal name to in icate the f un tion terminal s ould b given Sup ly terminals,

grou d terminals, blan terminals (with a breviation NC), non-u a le terminals (with

a breviation NU) s ould b distin uis ed

2) Fu ction

A brief in ication of the terminal f un tion s ould b given

– Eac f un tion of multi- ole terminals, that is terminals that have multiple fu ction

– Eac f un tion of the integrated circ it selected by mutual pin con ection ,

programmin an /or a pl cation of f un tion selection data to the fu ction selection pin,

s c as mode selection pin

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Input, output, input output, an multiplex input output terminals s ould b distin uis ed

4) Typ of input output circ its

The typ of the input an output circ its, for example, input output imp dan es, with or

without d.c bloc , etc s ould b distin uis ed

– relation to external terminals;

– o eration mode (for example, set-up method, preferen e, etc.);

– inter upt han l n

4.3.4 Fami y-relate c ara teristic

In this p rt, al the fami y-sp cific fu ctional des ription s al b stated (ref er to IEC 6 7 8-2,

IEC 6 7 8-3 an IEC 6 7 8-4)

If ratin s an c aracteristic an fu ction c aracteristic exist for the f amiy, the relevant p rt

of IEC 6 7 8 s ould b u ed (f or example, f or micro roces ors, se IEC 6 7 8-2, Cha ter I I

Section 3)

NOT For e c n w d vic f amiy, s e if i items s al b a d d in th rele a t p rt of IEC 6 7 8

4.4 Limiting v lu s (absolute ma imum rating s stem)

The ta le of these values contain the fol owin

a) An interde en en e of l mitin con ition s al b sp cified

b) If external y con ected an /or at ac ed elements, f or example he tsin s, have an

in uen e on the values of the ratin s, the ratin s s al b pres rib d for the integrated

circ it with the elements con ected an /or atac ed

c) If l mitin values are ex e ded for tran ient overlo d, the p rmis ible ex es an their

d ration s al b sp cified

d) Where minimum an maximum values dif fer d rin programmin of the device, this s ould

b stated

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f ) In satisfyin the fol owin clau es, if maximum an /or minimum values are q oted, the

man f acturer mu t in icate whether he ref ers to the a solute mag itu e or to the

alge raic value of the q antity

g) The ratin s given mu t cover the o eration of the multi-u ction integrated circ it over the

sp cified ran e of o eratin temp ratures Where s c ratin s are temp ratu

re-de en ent, this de en en e s ould b in icated

4.4.1 Ele tric l l miting v lue

Limitin values s ould b sp cif ied as fol ows

(7) Oth r termin l v lta e(s) (wh re a pro riate) + +

(9) Volta e diff ere c b twe n in ut a d o tp t

(wh re a pro riate)

The detai sp cification may in icate those values within the ta le in lu in note 1 an note 2

Parameters (Note 1, Note 2) S mb ls Min Max Unit

NOT 1 Wh re a pro riate, in a c rd n e with th ty e of circ it c n id re

NOT 2 For p wer s p ly v lta e ra g :

– lmitin v lu (s) of th c ntin o s v lta e(s) at th s p ly termin l(s) with

re p ct to a s e ial ele tric l refere c p int;

– wh re a pro riate, lmitin v lu b twe n s e if i d s p ly termin ls;

– wh n more th n o e v lta e s p ly is re uire , a stateme t s o ld b ma e a

to wh th r th s q e c in whic th s s p le are a ple is sig ific nt: if s ,

th s q e c s o ld b state ;

– wh n more th n o e s p ly is n e e , it ma b n c s ary to state th

c mbin tio s of ratin s for th s s p ly v lta e a dc r e ts

4.4.2 Temperature

2) Storage temp rature

3) Chan el temp rature ( yp C an typ D only)

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The detai sp cification may in icate those values within the ta le in lu in the note

NOT Wh re a pro riate, in a c rd n e with th ty e of circ it c n id re

4.5 Operating conditions (within th spe if ie operating temperature ra ge)

They are not to b in p cted but may b u ed f or qual ty as es ment purp se

4.5.1 Power s p l e positiv a d/or n gativ v lue

4.5.2 Initial zation s qu nc s (wh re appropriate)

If sp cial initial zation seq en es are neces ary, the p wer s p ly seq en in an the

initial zation proced re s ould b sp cif ied

4.5.3 Input volta e(s) (where ap ro riate)

4.5.4 Output c r e t(s) (where appropriate)

4.5.5 Volta e a d/or c r e t of oth r terminal(s)

4.5.6 External eleme ts (where appropriate)

4.5.7 Operating temperature ra ge

4.6 Ele tric l c ara teristic

The c aracteristic s al a ply over the f ul o eratin temp rature ran e, u les otherwise

sp cified

Eac c aracteristic of 4.6.1 an 4.6.2 s ould b stated, either

a) over the sp cified ran e of o eratin temp ratures, or

b) at a temp rature of 2 °C, an at maximum an minimum o eratin temp ratures

4.6.1 Static c ara teristic

The p rameters s ould b sp cified cor esp n in to the typ as f ol ows

The detai sp cification may in icate those values within the ta le

a

Max Unit

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4.6.2 Dy amic or a.c c ara teristic

Eac d namic or a.c electrical c aracteristic s ould b stated u der sp cified electrical

worst-case con ition with resp ct to the recommen ed ran e of s p ly voltages, as stated

4.6.2.18 Time c n ta t f or a tomatic g in c ntrol

a

4.6.2.19 Power a d d eff i ie c

(wh re a pro riate)

4.6.2.2 nth ord r h rmo ic distortio ratio

(wh re a pro riate) (n te 2)

4.6.2.2 Sp rio s inte sity u d r s e ifie lo d VSWR

(wh re a pro riate) (n te 2)

NOT 1 It is n c s ary for ty e B a d D to s le t eith r th p rameter s t of 4.6.2.1, 4.6.2.2 a d 4.6.2.7 or

Optio al For ty e D, th d vic s are s metime re uire to s e if y u d r larg sig al o eratio in te d of

smal sig al o eratio Alth u h th d finitio is th s me for b th o eratin c n itio s, th diff ere t

me s rin meth d s o ld b emplo e f or th p rameter u d r larg sig al o eratio fom th t u d r smal

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The detai sp cification may in icate those values within the ta le

a

Max Unit

a

Optio al

4.7 Me ha ic l a d e vironme tal rating , c ara teristic a d data

An sp cific mec anical an en ironmental ratin s a pl ca le s ould b stated (se also

4.8 Ad itional information

Where a pro riate, the fol owin information s ould b given

4.8.1 Eq iv le t input a d output circ it

Detai ed information s ould b given regardin the typ of the input an output circ its; for

example, input output imp dan es, d.c bloc , o en-drain, etc

4.8.2 Intern l prote tion

A statement s ould b given to in icate whether the integrated circ it contain internal

protection again t hig static voltages or electrical field

4.8.3 Capa itors at terminals

If ca acitors for the inputoutput d.c bloc are ne ded, these ca acitan es s ould b stated

4.8.4 Thermal re ista c

4.8.5 Interconne tions to other type of circ it

Where a pro riate, detai s of the intercon ection to other circ its, f or example, detector

circ it for AGC, sen e ampl fiers, buf fer, s ould b given

4.8.6 Ef fe ts of e ternal y con e te comp ne t(s)

Curves or data in icatin the eff ect of external y con ected comp nent s) that influen e the

c aracteristic may b given

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The input an output c aracteristic imp dan es of the me s rement s stem, s own in the

circ it in this stan ard, are 50 Ω If they are not 5 Ω, they s ould b sp cified

5.1.2 Ge eral pre a tions

The general precaution l sted in clau e 2 6.3, 6.4 an 6.6 of IEC 6 7 7-1:2 0 , Cha ter VI ,

Section One a ply In ad ition, sp cial care s ould b taken to u e low- ip le d.c s p l es

an to decouple adeq ately al bias s p ly voltages at the f req en y of me s rement Also

sp cial care a out the lo d imp dan e of the test circ it s ould b taken to me s re the

5.2.1 Purpos

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o, P

1

2 are expres ed

in dBm L

1

2 are expres ed in decib ls

i

(3)

The l ne r gain G

ln

is the p wer gain me s red in the region where the c an e of the output

p wer in dBm is the same as that of the input p wer

5.2.4 Circ it de cription a d re uireme ts

The purp se of the isolator is to ena le the p wer level to the device b in me s red to b

ke t con tant ir esp ctive of imp dan e mismatc es at its input

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Harmonic or spuriou resp n es of the sig al generator s ould b red ced to negl gible.

5.2.6 Me s reme t proc dure

The f req en y of the sig al generator s ould b adju ted to the sp cified value

The bias u der sp cified con ition is a pl ed

An adeq ate input p wer is a pl ed to the device b in me s red

By varyin input p wer, confirm that the c an e of the output p wer in dBm is the same as

that of the input p wer

The gain me s red in the region where the c an e of output p wer is the same as that of

input p wer is l ne r gain G

ln

f req en y b n at the sp cif ied input p wer, resp ctively

Se the circ it des ription an req irements of 5.2.4

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+AMD2:2 17 CSV © IEC 2 17

By varyin input p wer level, confirm that the c an e of output p wer in dBm is the same as

that of input p wer

Decide the s ita le input p wer level f or me s rin l ne r gain

Vary the feq en y in the sp cified feq en y b n with the same input p wer level

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5.5 (Power) gain flatne s (∆G

p)

Se the prin iple of me s rements of 5.2.3

Power gain f latnes is derived f om the f olowin eq ation

∆G

p

= G

pma– G

sp cified f eq en y b n at the sp cified input p wer, resp ctively

5.5.4 Circ it de cription a d req ireme ts

5.5.5 Pre a tions to be obs rv d

Se the precaution to b o served of 5.2.5

The feq en y of the sig al generator s ould b adju ted to the sp cified value

The p wer gain is calc lated by eq ation (3)

The feq en y in the sp cified b n is varied contin ou ly with the same input p wer level

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5.6 (Ma imum a ai able) gain re uction (∆G

red)

The AGC bias is set to sp cified values givin the maximum l ne r gain G

lnma

An adeq ate input p wer is a pl ed to the device b in me s red

By varyin input p wer, confirm the c an e of output p wer in dBm is the same as that of

input p wer

The gain, me s red in the region where the c an e of output p wer is the same as that of

input p wer, is maximum l ne r gain G

lnma

The AGC bias is set to the sp cified value giving the minimum lne r gain G

lnmin

5.7.1 Purpos

Trang 30

The f req en y of the sig al generator s ould b adju ted to the sp cified value.

By varyin the input p wer b twe n the lower an up er lmits of lmitin ran e, f i d the

minimum an maximum output p wers (P

the fol owin eq ation :

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5.8.4 Circ it d s ription a d re uireme ts

The sp cified bias con ition are a pl ed

The input p wer with the sp cified value is a pl ed to the device b in me s red

The output p wer is me s red

Se the prin iple of me s rements of 5.2.3

The output p wer at 1 dB gain-compres ion P

o( dB)

is the value where the gain decre ses by

1 dB comp red with the l ne r gain

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By varyin input p wer, confirm that the c an e of output p wer in decib ls is the same as

that of input p wer

The gain, me s red in the region where the c an e of output p wer in decib ls is the same

as that of input p wer, is l ne r gain G

ln

The input p wer is in re sed up to the p wer at whic the gain decre ses by 1 dB, comp red

with l ne r gain G

ln

The output p wer is me s red at 1 dB gain compres ion p int

Figure 2 – Ba ic circ it for the me s reme t of the nois f igure

5.10.3 Principle of me s reme t

The noise fig re F of the device b in me s red is derived f rom the fol owin eq ation:

ln(

)

10/

2(

10/

1

12(

10

1

10

10log

10

GF

LF

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12

)P/P(F

10EN

2

)P/P(F

2N1N

lnlog

10

PP

in W, are the me s red noise p wers u der the hot an cold state of the noise

source, resp ctively;

P

N3

N4

in W, are the me s red noise p wers u der the hot an cold state of the noise

source, resp ctively, in the case of directly con ectin p int A to C in f i ure 2

The temp rature of the me s rement is 2 0 K

The circ it los L

1

s ould b me s red b forehan

5.10.5 Pre a tions to be o s rv d

The entire circ it mu t b s ielded an e rthed to prevent f rom u desired sig als For noise

f i ure me s rement u der the SSB con ition, caref ul atention mu t b p id to the image an

other spuriou resp n es whic are generated by the mixer

These spuriou respon es s ould b red ced to negl gible

The f req en y of the sig al generator is adju ted to the sp cified con ition

In order to me s re the noise contribution of the me s rement s stem, con ect p int A to C

are me s red

The device b in me s red is in erted as s own in fig re 2

The noise p wer P

N1

N2 cor esp n in to the noise source hot an cold, resp ctively,

are me s red

The noise fig re in decib ls is calc lated by eq ation (9)

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5.10.7 Spe ifie condition

– Ambient or ref eren e-p int temp rature

1)

o P

1

(13)

P

o P

1

= P

b+ L

distortion, resp ctively;

o

Trang 35

o P

1, P

n, P

a, P

b

c are expres ed in dBm L

1

2are expres ed in

decib ls

The intermod lation distortion, P

nP

1, whic is expres ed in dBc, is derived f rom Eq ation

(14) an (15) as f ol ows:

P

n/P

1

= P

n– P

oP

1

= P

c– P

b

(16)

5.1 4 Circ it de cription a d re uireme ts

The varia le aten ator 3 can b el minated

The sig al generator 1 is turned on, an the fu damental sig al is a pl ed to the device b in

me s red with the sp cified level P

i

u in the sp ctrum analy ser an the varia le aten ator 1

The sig al generator 2 is turned on, an another sig al is ad ed to the device b in

me s red with the same level as the f un amental sig al u in the sp ctrum analy er an the

in dB of the fu damental sig al an the intermod lation prod cts

are me s red u in the sp ctrum analy er

The inter mod lation distor tion on the sp cif ied input p wer P

5.12.1 Purpos

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5.12.2 Circ it dia ram

Se the circ it diagram of 5.1 2

5.12.3 Principle of me s reme t

Refer the prin iple of me s rements of 5.1 3

Se the circ it des ription an req irements of 5.1 4

me s red with the sp cified level u in the sp ctrum analy er an the varia le at en ator 1

The sig al generator 2 is turned on, an another sig al is a pled to the device b in

me s red with the same level as the fu damental sig al u in the sp ctrum analy er an the

varia le at en ator 2

The switc is con ected to p sition D

The output p wers of the fu damental sig al an the sp cified intermod lation prod cts are

me s red u in the sp ctrum analy er

Chan in the p wer level of the input sig als u in the varia le aten ator 3, the a ove

proced re is re e ted within the sp cified ran e

The data o tained are plot ed

The straig t l nes of the f un amental sig al an the inter mod lation prod cts in the l ne r

region are exten ed

The output p wer at the interce t p int of the two exten ed l nes is the p wer at the interce t

p int for the intermod lation prod cts, i.e secon order, third order etc u der the sp cified

con ition req ired in 5.12.7

5.12.7 Spe ifie conditions

– Ambient or ref eren e-p int temp rature

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Fig re 4 – Circ it for the me s rements of ma nitude of input/output ref le tion

coef f icie t (input/output return los )

NOT A n twork a aly er ma b u e to me s re th ma nitu e of th re e tio c ef ficie t (in uto tp t

is the me s red p wer when the deviced b in me s red is in erted

ke t con tant, ir esp ctive of imp dan e mismatc es at its input

The input p rt of the device b ing me s red is con ected to directional coupler, an other r.f

p rts are con ected to the termination

The directivity of the directional coupler s al b s ff i ient to avoid u d e er or in the value of

the return los of the device b in me s red

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The device b in me s red is in erted b twe n p ints A an B.

The re din of the p wer meter is again recorded as P

2

The input return los is calc lated by the eq ation (17)

is the only one f or al the o eratin con ition of the devices; however, it is neces ary to a ply

the diff erent me s rin method ac ording to the o eratin con ition Note that the value

of s

2

| de en s on the o eratin output p wer level

The method des rib d in 5.14.1 is for the me s rement u der the smal -sig al o eratin

con ition, where s 5.14.2 is the me s rin method f or the large-sig al o eratin con ition

5.14.1 Ma nitude of the output refle tion coef ficie t (output return los )

und r smal -signal operating condition

5.14.1.1 Purpos

To me s re the mag itu e of the output reflection co f ficient (output return los ) u der

sp cified smal -sig al con ition

is the me s red p wer when the device b in me s red is in erted

5.14.1.4 Circ it de cription a d re uireme ts

ke t con tant ir esp ctive of imp dan e mismatc es at its input

The output p rt of the device b in me s red is con ected to directional coupler, an other

Trang 39

The directivity of the directional coupler s al b s ff i ient to avoid u d e er or in value of the

return los of the device b in me s red

The lne at p int A is either s ort-circ ited or made o en-circ it

The re din of the p wer meter is recorded as P

1

The device b in me s red is in erted b twe n p ints A an B

The re din of the p wer meter is again recorded as P

2

The output return los is calc lated by the eq ation (18)

5.14.1.7 Spe ifie conditions

– Ambient or referen e-p int temp rature

– Bias con ition

– Freq en y

– Input p wer

5.14.2 Ma nitude of the output refle tion coef ficie t (output return los )

und r large-sig al o erating condition

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Figure 5 – Circ it for the me s reme t of output refle tion coeff icie t

5.14.2.3 Principle of me s reme t

is the value in icated on the sp ctrum analy er when the r.f switc is turned to A, in dBm

5.14.2.4 Circ it de cription a d re uireme ts

The purp ses of the isolators are to ena le the p wer level to the device b in me s red to

b ke t con tant ir esp ctive of imp dan e mismatc ed at its input

The sig al generator 1 s p l es sp cified p wer to the device b in me s red, an the

generator 2 is sig al source to me s re the output reflection co ff i ient s

2

5.14.2.5 Pre a tions to be obs rv d

Tiêu đề	Iec 60747 16 1 2017
Trường học	University of Geneva
Chuyên ngành	Electrotechnology
Thể loại	standard
Năm xuất bản	2017
Thành phố	Geneva

Định dạng
Số trang	244
Dung lượng	3,6 MB