EN 1175-1, Safety of industrial trucks — Electrical requirements — Part 1: General requirements for battery powered trucks EN 1756-2, Tail lifts — Platform lifts for mounting on wheele
General requirements
5.1.1 Disabled/Incapacitated passenger boarding equipment shall conform to the relevant requirements of
EN 1915-1, EN 1915-2, EN 1915-3 and EN 1915-4 unless otherwise specified in this standard They shall also conform to the specific requirements of this European Standard
5.1.2 Strength calculations shall be carried out in accordance with EN 1915-2
The dimensions of the boarding vehicle must be minimized while effectively handling loads In driving condition, with stabilizers retracted, the vehicle's overall width should not exceed 2,600 mm, and when fully lowered, its height must not surpass 4.0 m.
NOTE 1 Local road traffic regulations can require narrower widths
NOTE 2 Depending on the airport of use, lower heights can be necessary (see EN 1915–1:2013, Introduction, f) — negotiation)
5.1.4 The electrical system of battery powered boarding vehicles shall conform to EN 1175-1 with the exception of standard automotive chassis
Self-propelled boarding vehicles equipped with a driver's cabin must include an alternative emergency exit for the driver This exit should be strategically located to ensure it remains accessible even if the primary exit is obstructed.
5.1.6 Restraint systems shall be fitted to all seats on self-propelled boarding vehicles a lap type seat belt as a minimum
5.1.7 Where a driver’s cabin is installed, it shall not obstruct the transfer of passengers to and from the aircraft
NOTE The driver’s cabin can be located at either side
5.1.8 The driver's cabin, if installed, shall not project beyond the leading edge of the boarding platform; see also 5.3.8
To ensure a seamless transfer of a wheelchair or stretcher trolley from the boarding vehicle to the aircraft, it is essential to incorporate either an integral or manually attached bridging section or transfer plate.
5.1.10 The ground clearance of the boarding vehicle shall allow without interference the transversing of two surfaces intersecting at an angle of 3° (5 %) either in bridging or in cresting
5.1.11 Structural parts or stabilizers of pedestrian controlled self-propelled boarding vehicles shall not protrude from the overall length within the operating range of the tiller
To ensure safety, the vehicle chassis at ground level must be enclosed by a protective structure This measure is crucial to prevent any accidental access by individuals underneath the elevated van body, as outlined in EN 1915-1:2013, section 5.15 and Annex E.
Boarding vehicles must feature a fully enclosed van body or main platform, along with a boarding platform that can reach the aircraft's door sill height Additionally, the van body or main platform should include a safe access method for staff from ground level.
NOTE See 6.4, Instructions, for listing by the manufacturer of the aircraft types and doors the vehicle is intended to serve
5.1.14 Where under-run guards or side-guards are creating crushing or shearing hazards, measures shall be taken to avoid these hazards (see EN 1915-1:2013, 5.15 and Annex E)
NOTE Under-run guards and/or sideguards can be required, by law, in the country of use for vehicles to be used on public roadways
The gaps between the van body or main platform, boarding platform, and tail lift in the load transfer position must be less than 10 mm, while the height variation should not exceed 5 mm If the height difference exceeds 5 mm, a ramp with a maximum incline of 15° must be installed.
5.1.16 In deviation from EN 1915-1:2013, 5.18.5, hydraulic fluid tanks shall be dimensioned so that during maximum system displacement at least 20 % of the fluid volume remains in the tank.
Van body or main platform
The van body or main platform must be designed to accommodate the specified number of passengers, including those in wheelchairs or on stretchers, along with any necessary equipment It is essential that the structural load capacity of the van body meets or exceeds 3,000 N/m² Additionally, for strength calculations of the floors, a minimum distributed load of 2,000 N/m² should be considered for all areas designated by the manufacturer for walking or standing.
The flooring in walking areas of the van body or main platform must facilitate easy drainage of water and snow while minimizing wear and meeting cleaning and sanitation standards It should feature a durable, slip-resistant surface, achieving at least an R11 slip-resistance classification as per DIN 51130:2004, Table 3.
5.2.3 Anchorages for devices meeting the requirements of ISO 10542-1 to restrain wheel chairs, stretcher trolleys and occupants shall be provided
It should preferably not be possible to remove the restraining devices without the use of tools
The design of restraint devices and anchorage points shall be capable of withstanding the imposed loads under driving conditions up to the maximum driving speed of the boarding vehicle
The interior dimensions of the van body or main platform must be designed to safely accommodate wheelchairs or stretcher trolleys, along with attendants and necessary equipment For specific maximum dimensions of wheelchairs, refer to standards EN 12183 and EN 12184.
For optimal design, stretcher trolleys should have a minimum overall length of 1,900 mm, a width of 570 mm, and a maximum raised height of 940 mm However, considering anthropometric data, it is advisable to use a minimum overall length of 2,100 mm.
For space requirements, see Annex D
5.2.5 The internal height of the van body shall not be less than 2,0 m
5.2.6 Seats with restraint systems shall be provided for the intended number of attendants accompanying disabled/incapacitated passengers according to the intended maximum allowable occupancy of the boarding vehicle
Open main platforms must have fixed fall protection, such as guard-rails or side panels, on all open sides, in compliance with EN 1915-1 Additionally, gates or movable sections of guard-rails should be installed as specified in section 5.4.
Preferably, full panels should be used
According to EN 1915-1:2013, 5.13.2, each end of the van body or main platform must be equipped with doors or guard-rails featuring moveable parts The minimum dimensions for openings should be 0.90 m in usable width and 1.90 m in usable height for access to the ground and boarding platform If a separate door is designated for staff or attendants, it must have a minimum usable width of 0.75 m Additionally, gaps between adjoining handrails must comply with EN ISO 14122-3:2001, 7.1.9.
5.2.9 It shall not be possible to inadvertently open any door/guard-rails within the van body or main platform in the raised position
Access to the van body or main platform must be ensured when in the lowered position, which can be achieved through adequate lowering capability of the lifting system or by installing a tail-lift.
The height variation between different sections of floors must not exceed 5 mm, and the gaps between various floor areas should be less than 10 mm If the height difference exceeds 5 mm, the transition edge must be designed with a maximum inclination angle of 15°.
The inner surfaces of the van body or main platform must be free of any projections or sharp corners that could lead to injury To ensure safety, corners should be chamfered or rounded with a minimum radius of 5 mm, unless the material's design inherently provides smooth corners.
The interior of an enclosed van body must be designed to withstand frequent cleaning with strong detergents and disinfectants, and it should also be suitable for regular water pressure and steam cleaning.
5.2.14 Fully enclosed van bodies shall have windows along each longitudinal side The windows shall be arranged so that passengers on seats, wheelchairs and stretchers are able to look through
5.2.15 Fully enclosed van bodies shall be ventilated The ventilation shall be capable of providing fresh air at the minimum rate of 43 m 3 /h
The need for a heating or air conditioning system should be agreed between manufacturer and user (see
EN 1915–1:2013, Introduction, f) — negotiation), taking into account local conditions.
Boarding platform
5.3.1 Disabled/incapacitated passenger boarding vehicles shall be equipped with a boarding platform enabling transhipment between van body or main platform and aircraft
The boarding platform must have a minimum usable length of 2.2 meters for stretcher transport and 1.2 meters for wheelchair transport, which can include telescopic extensions Additionally, the clear width between side panels on the loading platform should be at least 0.90 meters To ensure safe operation of the aircraft door, the minimum clear width in the docking configuration between the inner faces of guard-rails or side panels must equal the combined widths of the aircraft door in both open and closed positions, along with a positioning clearance appropriate for the docking systems and width adjustment devices.
NOTE See 6.4, Instructions, for listing by the manufacturer of the aircraft types and doors the vehicle is intended to
Where the boarding platform design includes lateral movement it shall be a minimum of 0,2 m
Continuous flooring must be installed between the guard-rails and side panels, including in their docking or operating positions if they differ from the driving position The flooring must comply with the specifications outlined in section 5.1.15, and the cover material must adhere to the standards set in section 5.2.2.
The boarding platform must have a structural load capacity of at least 3,000 N/m², with floor deflection not exceeding 6 mm to ensure safe transshipment between the van body, main platform, and aircraft Additionally, for strength calculations, a minimum distributed load of 2,000 N/m² should be considered for all areas designated by the manufacturer for walking or standing.
NOTE Boarding platforms can be an integrated part of the van body or main platform
The telescopic components of the boarding platform and guard-rails must extend at least 0.5 meters Additionally, when fully retracted, the boarding platform should extend a minimum of 0.5 meters beyond the front face of the van body or main platform.
Self-propelled boarding vehicles must have a boarding platform designed to ensure that the driver can see the leading edge of the platform at all times while in the operating position, throughout its entire operating range.
Manual effort for positioning movable parts must not exceed 62 N If powered movements are utilized, they should be controlled from the upper control panel and remain visible to the operator The maximum force exerted on the aircraft by telescopic components of the boarding platform and guard-rails/side panels is limited to 400 N In cases where the force from aircraft movement could exceed this limit, the telescopic parts must yield without causing permanent damage or compromising safe operation.
The forward edge of the boarding platform must be engineered to prevent aircraft damage, ideally through the use of a full-width aircraft interface device (bumper) This bumper should be made of a non-marking semi-soft material, provide a minimum crushing capability of 60 mm, and be designed to minimize any force applied to the aircraft.
It is recommended the static force equivalent does not exceed 1 500 N distributed over the length, or 1 500 N on any 100 mm × 100 mm contact area
The aircraft interface device is equipped with a contact detection feature that generates an electrical signal to halt movement upon making contact with the aircraft at any location Additionally, the associated control systems are designed to meet Performance Level “b” in accordance with EN ISO 13849-1:2008.
5.3.9 Boarding platforms shall be designed so that damage to the aircraft door, which is open during boarding/disembarking, is avoided This can be achieved by either:
— leaving the space underneath the aircraft door in the open position unconfined All safety requirements in 5.3.2, 5.3.3 and 5.3.4 shall be met; or
— a system, e.g initiated by a sensor or safety shoe, which prevents the aircraft door from settling down on the platform during boarding
The systems shall achieve Performance Level “b” according to EN ISO 13849-1:2008
An automatic levelling system is not required
When a screen is installed at the front end of the van body to support the lowered boarding platform, it must provide a continuous vertical surface Additionally, the screen should be adjustable to avoid creating a lip that could trap objects between the van floor and the rear edge of the boarding platform Furthermore, the gap between the screen and the forward edge of the van body's floor must not exceed 15 mm.
Safeguards against falling
All open sides of the boarding platform must have safeguards, such as guard-rails or side panels, except where access to the van body or main platform is necessary In cases where loading or unloading requires access, a movable section of guard-rail or side panel should be installed These movable sections must open inwards and be secured in the closed position with an automatically closing latch to minimize the risk of accidental release.
Adjustable guard-rails and side panels, along with their handrails, are essential for ensuring the safe opening and closing of aircraft doors while in the docking configuration as specified in section 5.3.2.
Adjustable sections of guard-rails and side panels will allow for repositioning and the ability to open or close the aircraft door from a secure area, ensuring continuous flooring and complete enclosure by the guard-rails and side panels.
To mitigate risks associated with handling items at elevated heights, it is advisable to control movement from the upper control panel While the final telescoping sections that connect to the aircraft fuselage can be operated manually, the force applied should not exceed 62 N Additionally, a positive locking device must be installed to minimize the chances of accidental release.
NOTE See 6.4, Instructions, for listing by the manufacturer of the aircraft types and doors the vehicle is intended to serve
Guard-rails or handrails with side panels must comply with EN 1915-1 and be installed on both sides of the platform Full continuity is required between handrail segments, with any openings between guard-rails measuring a minimum of 75 mm and a maximum of 120 mm For adjacent handrail segments, the maximum distance between overlaps should not exceed 6 mm Additionally, handrails must be free of projections or corners that could pose injury risks, featuring smooth surfaces, including the underside, and rounded edges with a minimum radius of 5 mm All guard-rails and side panels must be fully filled, and the minimum height for these structures should be 1.1 m.
When guard-rails or side panels exceed a height of 1.1 meters, an inner handrail must be installed at a height between 1.0 meters and 1.1 meters Additionally, guard-rails or side panels should be engineered to ensure a maximum deflection of 30 mm at any point when subjected to a horizontal outward load.
The horizontal outward load, denoted as F, is influenced by a distributed load, f, applied along the entire handrail with the guard-rail at its maximum extension The maximum distance, l, is measured in meters, with f set at 300 N/m², ensuring that no permanent deformation occurs For verification, refer to EN 1915-1:2013, section 7.2.
The boarding platform and adjacent guard-rails or side panels must adapt to the aircraft's contour, ensuring a maximum gap of 120 mm from the fuselage Their design should comply with ISO 7718-1, and if applicable, ISO 7718-2 and ISO 16004 Additionally, the leading edge of these guard-rails or side panels must be padded to prevent any potential damage to the aircraft, in accordance with the requirements outlined in section 5.3.8.
A safety barrier must be installed across the boarding platform to prevent falls when the vehicle is not fully connected to the aircraft This barrier should comply with EN 1915-1:2013 standards and be positioned to facilitate the use of movable guard-rails or side panels from a protected area It must be clearly visible from both sides, even in low visibility conditions, and padded to prevent damage during aircraft door operations Additionally, the barrier should be easily unlatchable and manageable by one person with a force not exceeding 62 N, and it must be securely stowed with a device that requires intentional action for release.
Barrier openings must be restricted until the forward edge of the platform contacts the aircraft, with both guard-rails or side panels fully extended "Contact" is defined as a maximum distance of 120 mm between the platform's forward edge or guard-rails and the aircraft fuselage Additionally, the platform cannot reverse away from the aircraft unless the barrier is closed The associated sensors and interlocking systems must meet Performance Level "c" as per EN ISO 13849-1:2008.
Means of access
Safe access from ground level to the van body or main platform in the lowered position must be ensured, adhering to the standards set by EN 1915-1:2013, section 5.14 Additionally, ramps designed for wheelchair or stretcher access should maintain a slope not exceeding 5°, or 7° if the ramp length is limited to 1.5 meters.
5.5.2 The van body or main platform shall be equipped with at least two doors or gates at the forward
The boarding platform and rear ground access must have a minimum usable width of 0.9 m and a minimum clear height of 1.9 m, as specified in section 5.2.8 Additionally, doors or gates should be operable from both sides and must not open outward from the vehicle.
See 5.2.8 for additional doors or gates
The access door or gate to the van body or main platform must be reachable from the ground when the platform is in its lowered position, following the specified guidelines.
EN 1915-1:2013, 5.14 Stairs are the preferred means
Direct access from the ground to the boarding platform must adhere to EN 1915-1:2013, section 5.14, and must include a self-closing gate at the boarding platform that meets the specifications outlined in EN 1915-1:2013, section 5.13.2.3.
5.5.5 It shall be possible to close all openings of the van body or main platform
It is prohibited to open the van body doors or main platform gates when the van body or main platform is elevated by more than 0.3 meters However, the door leading from the van body or main platform to the boarding platform is not subject to this restriction.
The related interlocking systems shall achieve Performance Level “c” according to EN ISO 13849-1:2008 See 5.13.3 for additional requirements where a tail-lift is used for access of, e.g passengers in wheelchairs
The van body or main platform must not be raised more than 0.3 m when the door is open, except for the door leading to the boarding platform Additionally, the interlocking systems must meet Performance Level “c” as specified in EN ISO 13849-1:2008.
See 5.13.3 for additional requirements where a tail-lift is used for access of, e.g passengers in wheelchairs.
Lifting device and stability
5.6.1 Cylinders in hydraulic lifting systems shall be protected against unintentional lowering by a pilot- operated check-valve or equivalent mounted directly to the cylinder (see EN 1915-1:2013, 5.21.3)
5.6.2 Stability calculations shall be carried out according to EN 1915-2
Boarding vehicles must have retractable stabilizers to ensure necessary stability, unless they are specifically designed to operate safely in all conditions without them.
5.6.4 Stabilizers in the retracted position shall not protrude beyond the vehicle's overall width Preferably, stabilizers in the operating position should not protrude beyond the overall width of the vehicle
NOTE See ISO 27470 for vehicles intended to serve the upper deck of VLCA aircraft
5.6.5 Stabilizers shall be locked in both the extended and retracted positions in accordance with
EN 1915-1:2013, 5.19.2 For hydraulic stabilizers this can be achieved by, e.g a pilot-operated check-valve mounted directly to the cylinder (see EN 1915-1:2013, 5.21.3)
The design of the boarding vehicles' stabilization system must ensure that retractable stabilizers prevent the van body or main platform from being raised above 2,540 mm when the stabilizers are not fully extended Additionally, the stabilizers should not retract under normal operating conditions until the van body or main platform is lowered to 2,540 mm Furthermore, the vehicle should not be driven unless the stabilizers are fully retracted and the van body or main platform is in the fully lowered position.
The interlocking systems must meet Performance Level “c” as specified in EN ISO 13849-1:2008 However, if the boarding vehicle is intended to operate with the van body or main platform elevated, and its maximum speed is limited in accordance with EN 1915-1:2013, section 5.23.1, the previously mentioned requirements are not applicable.
Speeds
When approaching the aircraft, the boarding vehicle must be able to move at a smooth speed not exceeding 1.6 m/s (6 km/h) For final adjustments, the boarding platform should be capable of moving at a maximum speed of 0.1 m/s.
5.7.2 Towable boarding vehicles shall be capable of being towed and safely braked to a stop at speeds up to 32 km/h (20 mph)
5.7.3 The raising and lowering speed of the van body or main platform shall not exceed 0,15 m/s The linear speed for the movement of the stabilizers shall not exceed 0,03 m/s
The speed of boarding vehicles must adhere to the regulations set by the respective airport Additionally, these vehicles are required to meet all regulatory standards applicable to public transport road vehicles concerning the allowed speed limits.
NOTE See EN 1915–1:2013, Introduction, f) — negotiation.
Controls, monitoring devices and displays
Controls for adjusting the van body, main platform, boarding platform, and stabilizers must be situated at an upper control panel, safeguarded by a safety barrier The control position should allow visibility of the aircraft, the leading edge of the boarding platform, and the stabilizers' surrounding area If needed, indirect visibility aids such as mirrors or cameras should be installed.
5.8.2 Controls for the alignment of the boarding platform with the aircraft shall be provided at the upper control panel
5.8.3 Confirmation by a visible indication shall be provided adjacent to each stabilizer control, that all stabilizers are fully retracted or fully extended
Emergency stops must be installed at each operator control panel that controls lifting, lowering, and stabilizing functions Additionally, if there is a secondary emergency stop, it should be easily accessible from ground level on the side of the vehicle opposite the driving position.
5.8.5 Emergency stops shall meet the requirements in EN ISO 13850:2008, 4.1.4
The emergency stop shall not de-activate the braking system
5.8.6 It shall be possible to start and stop the engine from every operator control panel where the functions for lifting and lowering of the van body can be activated
Vehicle movement is prohibited when any functions that may cause the van or platform to move are activated The associated interlocking systems must meet Performance Level "b" as specified in EN ISO 13849-1:2008.
A hydraulic function that necessitates a throttle lock for maintaining a continuous high idle speed must be designed with an interlock mechanism This mechanism ensures that the engine automatically reverts to its normal idle speed once the hydraulic function is completed.
5.8.9 Where a warning device is provided to indicate when the van body or main platform doors or gates are open, it shall be installed at the driver's position.
Lights
To ensure safety and visibility, adequate lighting must be installed to illuminate the van body, main platform, boarding platform, and tail-lift The lighting system should achieve a minimum illumination level of 200 lux at a height of 0.8 meters above the floor.
5.9.2 Illumination of the interior of an enclosed area, e.g van body, boarding platform with a canopy, shall be diffused and non-glare
5.9.3 An emergency lighting system shall be installed, providing an illumination of at least 10 lx on all floor areas intended to be used as walking areas
5.9.4 Emergency lighting shall be automatically activated upon power supply failure for the operational lighting system
A working light must be installed to assist in positioning the vehicle at the aircraft door area during nighttime operations The design and installation of this light should comply with EN 1837 standards, ensuring adequate visibility Additionally, the light must meet a specified minimum luminous flux for effective operation.
Transfer plate
A transfer plate must be installed to bridge the gap between the aircraft door sill and the boarding platform, ensuring safe access for wheelchairs and stretcher trolleys.
Different transfer plates may be necessary to accommodate various aircraft types Refer to section 6.4 for the manufacturer's list of compatible aircraft types and doors that the vehicle is designed to service.
The transfer plate must be securely attached to the boarding platform during use to eliminate any risk of movement, ensuring the safe passage of wheelchairs or stretcher trolleys This can be accomplished through appropriate securing methods.
— the transfer plate being permanently attached to the forward part of the boarding platform, or
— it being a removable item, with provisions in the forward part of the boarding platform to position it with a positive mechanical restraint against slippage and disengagement
When a removable transfer plate is utilized, the vehicle must have a designated safe storage area for it when not in use This storage solution should incorporate securing devices to ensure that the transfer plate remains stable and does not shift or fall during transport.
The transfer plate must be securely attached to the boarding platform while allowing for both longitudinal and lateral adjustments This flexibility ensures a precise alignment with the aircraft door sill.
The transfer plate must be designed with a raised center along its longitudinal axis to prevent hinging at the aircraft door sill Additionally, its underside should be constructed to protect the aircraft door sill and flooring from damage.
The transfer plate design must facilitate a seamless transition for wheelchairs and stretcher trolleys between the boarding vehicle and the aircraft Additionally, the walking surface should comply with the specifications outlined in section 5.2.2, and any discontinuities must adhere to the standards set in section 5.1.15.
To reduce the physical strain on operators, the design must ensure that the horizontal force needed to move a 120 kg wheelchair or stretcher trolley does not exceed 225 N, in compliance with ISO 11228-1 Additionally, the transfer plate should be adequately long to accommodate the expected height differences between the aircraft and the boarding platform, preventing the upper surface from exceeding safe limits.
5.10.7 The minimum width of the transfer plate shall be 0,5 m in order to accept aisle-width wheelchairs designed for entry into aircraft
Wider transfer plates, when feasible based on the aircraft type, enhance operational efficiency and can accommodate a passenger's personal folding wheelchair For removable transfer plates, utilizing various plates tailored to specific aircraft types is possible Refer to section 6.4 for the manufacturer's list of compatible aircraft types and doors for the vehicle.
NOTE 2 It is assumed that stretcher trolleys do not enter aircraft, the stretcher being removed and carried by hand
5.10.8 The minimum height of the transfer plate's side/toe rails shall be 100 mm
NOTE Since this constitutes a significant part of the plate's stiffness, it will often be advisable to use higher sides in order to minimize weight
The transfer plate must meet the strength requirements outlined in EN 1915-2:2001+A1:2009, section 5.2.2, ensuring it can support an operator along with a 120 kg wheelchair or stretcher trolley without experiencing permanent deformation Additionally, the manual force required for positioning, removal, or storage of the plate should not exceed 200 N It is essential to include handholds that can be easily used with a gloved hand for effective positioning and handling.
Canopy
5.11.1 Where a canopy over the boarding platform is fitted for weather protection, it shall have a profile in accordance with the requirements of ISO 7718-1 or ISO 7718-2 as appropriate and ISO 16004
The canopy must not obstruct the operation of aircraft doors, ensuring a clear height of at least 1,900 mm below the lowest point of the canopy roof, provided it is more than 0.3 m away from guardrails Ideally, a minimum height of 2,100 mm should be maintained whenever feasible.
It is essential to ensure that canopies comply with applicable fire-resistance regulations at the airfield where the boarding vehicle will be utilized, as outlined in EN 1915–1:2013.
Half width cabin
5.12.1 A vehicle docking configuration shall be provided, designed so that the requirements of 5.3.2, 5.3.3 and 5.4 are met
In cases where the standards outlined in sections 5.3.2 and 5.3.3 are not achievable, the design of the boarding platform must ensure equivalent safety measures to protect the operator from the risk of falling during the operation of opening and closing the aircraft door.
Adjustable moveable elements and the ability to open or close the aircraft door must be accessible from a secure position, ensuring continuous flooring and complete enclosure by guardrails at all times.
The minimum width of the boarding platform shall be 900 mm
The effort for the actuation of moveable parts shall not exceed 62 N
The boarding platform and its guard-rails must not obstruct the driver's lateral visibility Additionally, a fixed window equipped with a powered wiper should be installed next to the driver's operating position.
5.12.3 Crushing between the descending boarding platform and fixed parts of the driver’s cabin shall be prevented (see EN 1915-1:2013, Annex E)
A control system must be implemented to halt the lowering sequence of the van body or main platform at its lowest position, ensuring that the associated interlocking systems meet Performance Level “b.”
Tail-lift
5.13.1 Where provided in accordance with 5.2.10, tail-lifts shall be designed according to EN 1756-2 and the following
5.13.2 Tail-lifts shall be designed to accommodate at least two wheelchairs and attendant or one stretcher trolley and attendant
The boarding vehicle, as well as the lifting or lowering of the van body or main platform with the tail-lift, can only be operated when in a specified stowed position The associated interlocking systems must meet the required Performance Level.
To ensure safety during tail lift operation, it is essential to implement measures that prevent individuals from falling off the platform This includes installing guard-rails on all open sides, including the rear, in accordance with EN 1915-1:2013, 5.13.2 If the guard-rails are foldable for storage, they must not swing or tilt outward, and when in the protective position, they should be secured with an automatic positive locking device.
A self-closing gate meeting the requirements of 5.5.2 and EN 1915-1:2013, 5.13.2.3 shall be provided for access through the rear guard-rail when erected Interlocking is not required
5.13.5 A means of restraining an un-braked wheelchair or stretcher trolley shall be provided to prevent it inadvertently rolling off the tail lift when at any position on the platform
5.13.6 The cover material of walking areas on the tail-lift shall comply with the requirements of 5.2.2.
Auxiliary means for emergency operation
5.14.1 Disabled/incapacitated passenger boarding vehicles shall be fitted with auxiliary means in the event of a power failure to:
— lower the van body or main platform and the boarding platform;
— allow the vehicle to be towed away
Auxiliary means must operate independently from primary systems, such as hand pumps or separate power sources Additionally, their controls should be positioned at ground level and require intentional action to access.
Additional auxiliary controls shall be available to the operator at the elevated position
In emergencies, including power failures, provisions must be in place to evacuate disabled or incapacitated passengers from the vehicle when it is in a lowered position If the van body or main platform cannot be lowered to ground level, evacuation should be facilitated through the tail lift.
NOTE It is assumed any emergency evacuation needed in the elevated position can be carried out through the aircraft or building the vehicle is docked to
Auxiliary means must operate independently from the primary power source and be safeguarded against accidental emergency stop activation Their controls should be sealed and positioned within the vehicle's van body or main platform, accessible only through intentional action These systems must be capable of supporting multiple operating cycles to effectively evacuate the vehicle's rated capacity for wheelchairs or stretchers.
Electrical equipment
When designing electrical equipment, it is crucial to consider potential interference with passengers who have pacemakers or other electronic medical devices Compliance with the requirements of EN 60601-1 is essential for any medical equipment utilized on the boarding vehicle.
Options
Where the following items are provided, they shall not compromise the safety requirements given in 5.1 to 5.15 The manufacturer shall carry out a specific risk assessment taking into account overlapping influences
The manufacturer is responsible for implementing appropriate protective measures and ensuring compliance with legislation Key requirements include designated stowage for drinking water, hand baggage, unoccupied wheelchairs, pillows, blankets, first-aid equipment, medical supplies, and therapeutic oxygen Additionally, a communication system must connect the passenger area to the driver's location, while interior heating, ventilation, or air conditioning is essential An automatic leveling system is required for adjusting the boarding platform during aircraft height changes, and a detection device must be installed to activate a warning light or alarm if the clearance between the platform and aircraft door becomes insufficient.
Marking
Permanent marking of data shall consist of metal plates securely attached (e.g riveted, welded) to the structure.
Safety signs
In addition to the marking in accordance with EN 1915-1:2013, 6.1.3 the following shall be marked:
Maximum allowable occupancy of van body and platforms, i.e maximum number of passengers in wheelchairs and on stretchers and valid persons.
Warning
Permanent warnings must be prominently displayed using appropriate graphic symbols from ISO 7000 or ISO 11532 These warnings include: maintaining a safe distance from moving parts, stabilizers, and unpropped bodies; ensuring passengers are secured; avoiding lifting the van body with the doors open; and using the graphic symbol from EN 1915-1:2013, Annex G to indicate the risk of falling from height.
Instructions
Each boarding vehicle must be accompanied by operating and maintenance instructions that comply with EN 1915-1:2013, 6.2 These instructions should include essential information based on the vehicle's design, such as the types of aircraft and doors it serves, proper positioning at the aircraft, rated load and loading conditions, maximum occupancy for individuals with disabilities, and safety measures for wheelchairs and stretchers Additionally, they should cover platform and tail-lift operation, safe driving practices, emergency procedures, routine checks for operators, a minimum training program, specifications for hydraulic hoses, and safety requirements specific to the vehicle's design, as well as the positioning and use of the transfer plate.
The verification of requirements shall be carried out generally in accordance with EN 1915-1:2013, Clause 7 See also details for verification in EN 1915-3 as relevant and EN 1915-4
Functional tests and measurements must verify several key aspects, including ground clearance, the extending force of telescopic components, and the effectiveness of interlocking systems Additionally, it is essential to assess speeds, controls, lighting, and the functionality of brakes, steering, and warning devices Finally, the strength of guard rails should also be evaluated to ensure compliance with relevant standards.
The boarding platform barrier's (see 5.4.5) strength shall also be verified When testing is chosen for verification, the following testing procedure shall be used:
A horizontal unfactored load of 1,000 N will be applied to the barrier's handrail at the most unfavorable transverse location, specifically at a height of 1,100 mm and at the intermediate knee-rail height It is essential that the maximum deflection of the handrail under this load does not exceed 5% of the total length of the barrier.
Hazardous situations Relevant clauses in this part of EN 12312
Unbalance due to energy of moving elements (dynamic forces) 5.1.2, 5.6.2
Structural failure due to insufficient mechanical strength 5.1.2, 5.2.1, 5.3.4,
5.10.8, 5.10.9 Structure falling due to lifting chains failure
Structure falling due to lifting wire ropes failure Liquids and gases under pressure
Structural failure due to snow load
Structure falling due to hydraulic lifting systems failure or inappropriate dimension of parts 5.1.16, 5.6.1
Vehicle tilting or overturn and instability due to wind or insufficient support 5.6.2, 5.6.3, 5.6.6
Being run over due to machinery mobility
Collision or person run-over due to insufficient brakes 5.7.2 Collision or person run-over due to excessive speeds 5.7.4 Being caught under the van body and subsequently run over 5.1.12
Being thrown Driver thrown or injured due to inadequate restraint 5.1.6
Persons thrown or injured due to inadequate restraint 5.1.6, 5.2.3, 5.2.6
Crushing between fixed and moving elements due to missing protective measures 5.1.11, 5.1.12, 5.1.14,
5.12.3, 5.12.4 Shearing between supporting screen and platform at lowering 5.3.10, Annex B Impact Hitting due to the inadequate pass line height 5.2.5, 5.2.8, 5.5.2,
5.11.2 Hitting due to the inadequate surfaces and/or corners 5.2.12 Hit by parts of the vehicle due to unintended movement 5.6.5 Hit by free moving wheelchair or stretcher trolley while travelling 5.2.3
Hit by parts of the structure due to missing protective measure 5.1.11
Cutting Cutting or scratches due to sharp corners or edges 5.2.12
Hazardous situations Relevant clauses in this part of EN 12312
Slipping due to slippery walkway or standing position surface 5.2.2, 5.3.3, 5.10.5, 5.13.6 Tripping due to inadequate walkways or junctions 5.1.15, 5.2.11, 5.10.1,
5.10.5 Tripping due to insufficient dimensions of walkways and/or working areas 5.10.7, 5.10.8
Tripping due to excessive speed of lifting / work platform movements 5.7.1, 5.7.3
Tripping due to insufficient lighting 5.9.1, 5.9.2, 5.9.3,
5.9.4, 5.9.5 Tripping due to jerks in movements of the vehicle's final approach to the aircraft 5.7.1
Tripping between platform and aircraft door sill 5.10.1, 5.10.2, 5.10.5
Tripping due to excessive effort to actuate movable items 5.3.7, 5.4.2 Tripping due to unintended movements of walkways or standing positions 5.10.2, 5.10.3, 5.10.4
Falling from height due to missing walkways and/or working areas
Falling from height due to insufficient guard-rails or equivalent parts of the structure 5.2.7, 5.4.4, 5.5.4,
Falling from height due to absence of guard-rails or equivalent parts of the structure
Falling from height due to missing or insufficient safety barrier 5.4.5, 5.4.6
Falling from height due to inappropriate means of access
Falling from height due to missing restraint means 5.13.5 Falling from height while opening / closing aircraft door 5.3.2, 5.3.3, 5.4.2,
Burn, electrocution from arc or live parts Contact of persons with live parts (direct or indirect contact) 5.1.4
Effects on medical implants Inadequate shielding of electrical parts or equipment 5.15
Burns from contact with high or low temperature Burn due to insufficient protection or absence of protection 5.1.1
Hazardous situations Relevant clauses in this part of EN 12312 elements
Loss of hearing, loss of awareness, accidents
Deafness, physiological disorders (e.g loss of balance, loss of awareness), accidents due to interference with communication and to non-perception of auditory warning signals
Neurological or osteo-articular disorder
Whole body vibration, particularly when combined with poor postures 5.1.1
Damage to eyes Vision impairment due to laser ray if used for vehicle positioning 5.1.1
7 Hazards generated by materials or substances
Hazards to health Contamination by dirt or waste from soiled inner linings 5.2.13
Discomfort, musculo- skeletal disorder Unhealthy postures or excessive effort
Manual lifting of excessive weights 5.10.9
Discomfort or psychological effects on occupants due to inadequate ambiance 5.2.14, 5.13.2
Consequences of human error Insufficient visibility from driving or operating position 5.1.7, 5.1.8, 5.3.6,
Inadequate design, location or identification of manual controls
Inadequate design or location of visual display units 5.8.3, 5.8.9 Misunderstanding of safety signs or markings 6.2, 6.3 Misunderstanding of manufacturer's instructions 6.4
Visual fatigue Inadequate local lighting 5.9.1, 5.9.2, 5.9.4,
9 Hazards associated with the operating environment
Hazards to driver and/or operator from collision with other equipment or objects/buildings 5.1.3, 5.1.10, 5.7.1,
5.7.2 Hazards to persons from collision with other equipment or person 5.6.4, 5.7.1, 5.7.2,
5.12.2, 5.13.3 Miscellaneous hazards due to damaging parts of the aircraft 5.3.8, 5.3.9, 5.4.4,
5.4.5, 5.12.2 Miscellaneous hazards due to inadequate accommodation of wheelchair(s), stretcher trolley(s), attendant(s) and 5.2.4
Hazardous situations can arise from inadequate or missing anchorages, which are essential for securing wheelchairs, stretcher trolleys, attendants, and equipment (Clause 5.2.3 of EN 12312) Additionally, adverse health effects may result from an inadequate driver's cabin, as outlined in Clauses 5.1.1 and 5.1.8.
Inadequate canopy over the boarding platform 5.11.1
Injury due to separate simultaneous moves
Hazards to person from movement of vehicle parts while driving 5.8.9
Injury due to failure of a safety system Hazards resulting from simultaneous hazardous situation and relevant safety system dysfunction or failure
5.3.8, 5.3.9, 5.4.6, 5.5.6, 5.5.7, 5.6.6, 5.8.5, 5.8.7, 5.8.8, 5.8.9, 5.12.4, 5.13.3 Injuries or other physical harm from inappropriate design Risk of suffocation due to lack of oxygen 5.2.15
Hazards due to misuse Miscellaneous hazards from exceeding vehicle's rated capabilities 6.2
Injuries or distressing situation due to lifting equipment malfunction
Persons stuck in the raised van body in an emergency situation due to lifting system failure or power failure 5.14.1, 5.14.2, 5.14.3,
5.14.4 Driver stuck in the cabin due to missing possibility of escape 5.1.5 Hazards from unintended descent of van body or platform 5.6.1 Multiple hazards from unintended powered movements 5.8.4, 5.8.5, 5.8.7,
Critical area between van body and loading platform
Figure B.2 — Incorrect adjustment of the supporting screen of the van body
Objects may be jammed between rear edge of the loading platform and floor of the van body during lifting, if not properly stored
Rear edge of the loading platform is not protruding beyond the van body's front end
Machinery Directive requirements
The Machinery Directive 2006/42/EC, Annex I, calls for loading control according to the following quotations: HAZARDS DUE TO LIFTING OPERATIONS
Machinery with a maximum working load of not less than 1000 kg or an overturning moment of not less than
40000 Nm must be fitted with devices to warn the driver and prevent dangerous movements in the event:
— of overloading, either as a result of the maximum working load or the maximum working moment due to the load being exceeded, or
— of the overturning moment being exceeded
HAZARDS DUE TO THE LIFTING OF PERSONS
6.1.2 Loading control for types of device moved by power other than human strength
The requirements of section 4.2.2 apply regardless of the maximum working load and overturning moment, unless the manufacturer can demonstrate that there is no risk of overloading or overturning.
Demonstration of absence of risk of overloading/overturning
The risk of overloading as mentioned in 6.1.2 of Machinery Directive 2006/42/EC, Annex I does not exist for the machinery covered by this standard
— the machinery is exclusively designed for defined loads, e.g an intended number of wheelchairs or stretchers and a maximum number of persons;
— the maximum number of wheelchairs and/or stretchers is restricted by the construction of the van body or main platform;
— the risks due to incorrect use, such as excessive slope or use on unprepared supporting surfaces, do not exist at aircraft parking areas;
— stability is ensured by stabilizers, see 5.5.5 and 5.6.4;
— the operating instructions delivered with each disabled/incapacitated passenger boarding vehicle include information for intended and unintended use;
— the operating instructions delivered with each disabled/incapacitated passenger boarding vehicle include information for the operation as well as emergency and rescue procedures by trained operators
Minimum space requirements for a wheelchair
Clear floor space
The minimum dimensions of the clear floor needed to accommodate a single standard wheelchair are 0,76 m wide by 1,22 m long, as shown in Figure D.1
Clear pathway
The minimum clear width for wheelchair-accessible pathways, including entrance doors of the van body, must be maintained between heights of 0.30 m and 1.62 m above the floor, as illustrated in Figure D.2.
Transfer plate
The requirements in D.1 and D.2 do not apply to transfer plates used to bridge the aircraft door sill
Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential
Requirements of EU Directive 2006/42/EC
This European Standard was developed under a mandate from the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association to ensure compliance with the Essential Requirements of the New Approach Directive 2006/42/EC concerning machinery.
Citing this standard in the Official Journal of the European Union and implementing it as a national standard in at least one Member State grants a presumption of conformity with the relevant Essential Requirements of the Directive and associated EFTA regulations, except for clause 5.1.3.
WARNING — Other requirements and other EU Directives may be applicable to the product(s) falling within the scope of this standard
This bibliography contains additional references for disabled/incapacitated passenger boarding vehicles from regulations, publications, standards or draft standards
EN ISO 9999:2011, Assistive products for persons with disability - Classification and terminology (ISO
EN 60601-1, Medical electrical equipment — Part 1: General requirements for basic safety and essential performance (IEC 60601-1:2005)
EN ISO 13857:2008, Safety of machinery - Safety distances to prevent hazard zones being reached by upper and lower limbs (ISO 13857:2008)
CEN Guide 414:2004, Safety of machinery — Rules for the drafting and presentation of safety standards ISO 7176, Wheelchairs
ISO 10254, Air cargo and ground equipment — Vocabulary
ISO 15845, Aircraft ground equipment - Boarding vehicle for persons with reduced mobility - Functional and safety requirements
ISO 27470, Aircraft ground equipment — Upper deck catering vehicle — Functional requirements
International Air Transport Association (IATA), Airport Handling Manual (AHM), Section 9 1 )
AHM 921, Functional specification for incapacitated passenger loading vehicle
AHM 921, Functional Specification for boarding/de-boarding vehicle for passengers with reduced mobility
Regulation (EC) No 1107/2006 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 5 July 2006 concerning the rights of disabled persons and persons with reduced mobility when travelling by air
USA Department of Transportation Federal Aviation Administration 3 )
14 CFR Part 382, Nondiscrimination on the Basis of Disability in Air Travel, Subpart G — Boarding,
Deplaning, and Connecting Assistance, paragraphs 382.91 through 382.105
1) Publications Assistant, International Air Transport Association, 800 Place Victoria, P.O.Box 113, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, H4Z 1M1
2) Official Journal of the European Union, 26.7.2006, pages L 204/1 to L 204/9
3) U.S Government Printing Office, Washington DC 20402-9325, website http://www.gpoaccess.gov/ecfr , or Federal
Advisory Circular (AC) 150/5220-21C, Aircraft Boarding Equipment to Board Airline Passengers with Mobility